Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
ALCplus2e IDU
AS/ASN ODU
IP/ SDH/ SPDH
Dual Native TDM/IP Microwave Radio
Document Number
B.ALCPLUS2E 1.02. 11
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Document Number
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GENERAL INDEX
GENERAL INTRODUCTION ON ALS SERIES ................................................................................................................... 7
Applications ............................................................................................................................................................. 8
Product Range ......................................................................................................................................................... 9
IDUs application range ............................................................................................................................................ 9
ODUs application range ......................................................................................................................................... 10
IDU-ODU compatibility .......................................................................................................................................... 10
Main Features........................................................................................................................................................ 11
NMS common Platform ......................................................................................................................................... 11
ALCplus2e (SPDH/SDH/ETH) - IDU and ODU SYSTEM OVERVIEW ............................................................................. 12
AS/ASN ODU Characteristics ................................................................................................................................. 12
ALCplus2e IDU- 1RU Compact ............................................................................................................................... 15
The ALCplus2e version is an evolution of ALCPlus2 with extended throughput up to 1Gbps per direction and
enhanced Ethernet functionalities. ....................................................................................................................... 15
Additional features ................................................................................................................................................ 16
Throughput ............................................................................................................................................................ 20
ETHERNET CHARACTERISTICS .................................................................................................................................... 22
Ethernet Frame mapping over Radio Link ............................................................................................................. 22
Ethernet Throughput ............................................................................................................................................. 22
Ethernet Interface characteristics ......................................................................................................................... 22
QoS management .................................................................................................................................................. 23
Ethernet Resiliency ................................................................................................................................................ 23
Level 2 priorities: ................................................................................................................................................... 24
IEEE 802.1Q VLANs ................................................................................................................................................ 24
VLAN stacking (QinQ) ............................................................................................................................................ 25
VLAN rewriting ...................................................................................................................................................... 25
Ingress Filter Policing (CIR/EIR according to MEF 10.2) ........................................................................................ 26
Ethernet frame fragmentation .............................................................................................................................. 27
Header compression.............................................................................................................................................. 28
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ............................................................................................................................................ 30
TMN Connection.................................................................................................................................................... 30
TMN Protocols ....................................................................................................................................................... 30
Management Functionalities................................................................................................................................. 32
Management Software.......................................................................................................................................... 32
TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS .................................................................................................................................. 33
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ABBREVIATIONS
ACM
ATPC
BW
Bandwidth
CAPEX
Capital Expenditure
CRC
DCCr
DCN
DSCP
ETH`
Ethernet
FEC
IDU
Indoor Unit
IP
Internet Protocol
IPV4 IPV6
IS-IS
LAN
LCT
MAC
MDI
MDIX
MPS
MSE
MST
NE
Network Element
NMS
NML
Network Manager
NMS5UX/LX
ODU
Outdoor Unit
OSI
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OSPF
PDH
QAM
QoS
Quality of Service
RU
Rack Unit
SCT
SDH
SNMP
SPDH
Super PDH
SW
Software
TDM
TMN
ToS
Type of Service
VLAN
WAN
XPIC
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A single shelf can manage up to 1Gbit/s with 1RU version. A unique distributed processing architecture allows
expanding the node capacity up to 8xGbit/s.
A wide range of tributary interfaces and system configurations offer maximum versatility in system engineering
and network planning. Ethernet traffic is handled by a powerful integrated switch able to manage VLANs, QoS
and ToS.
Modularity options, commonalities, and extensive software management capabilities result in cost-effectiveness
and scalability, yielding a product that will easily fulfill any future requirement.
Full SW licensing approach allows very smooth migration from pure TDM to IP networks, with very low initial
CAPEX.
The ALS equipment is managed by an SNMP agent using communication ports that are able to connect to IP and
OSI DCNs. This approach greatly simplifies integration efforts in existing NMS networks.
Several IDU models are available ranging from single board solutions to nodal implementations in which high
capacities and complex protection schemes are required:
ALC IDU
ALCplus IDU
ALplus IDU
ALSC IDU
ALS IDU
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(Compact and Enhanced Compact for PDH, SDH and pure Ethernet
traffic or a mix of them)
ALplus2 IDU
(Modular, for PDH, SDH and pure Ethernet traffic or a mix of them)
Two ODU versions have been designed with the target of being at the same time compact, light and easy to
install/maintain and characterized by high performances:
ASN ODU
AS ODU
Applications
The ALS Series has been conceived and designed to cover a wide range of applications, such as:
2G / 3G / LTE Cellular Network Infrastructure
10/100/1000 Mbit/s Ethernet connections
WiMAX backhauling
Private data Networks (WANs, LANs, etc.)
Utility Networks (Railways, Pipelines, etc.)
Back-up transmission medium to Fibre Optic links
Spur Links for Backbones/Rings
Last Mile Fibre Extension
Leased Lines Replacement
High Capacity SDH/IP Radio Ring Deployment
High Capacity Broadband Access Networks
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Product Range
The ALS Series is available in all frequency bands from 6 GHz (6L and 6U) to 42 GHz (4GHz is also available),
unduplicated or duplicated configuration and with radio capacity from 4 to 500Mbit/s per radio module with
mixed TDM and ETH interfaces.
The modulation scheme is software programmable from 4QAM to 256QAM for ALplus2/e IDU, with full featured
hitless ACM. ALS exploits an innovative dual native radio engine capable of transmitting both native TDM (4xE1 to
4xSTM-1) and native ETH (up to 1Gbps).
In equipment configurations such as ALS IDU with 4xSTM-1 and 2xSTM-1 or ALCplus2e IDU, frequency re-use (cochannel operation) is available with the XPIC technology (Cross Polar Interference Canceller).
Throughput in above figures are also referred to multishelves configurations, with traffic aggregation. Eg. Gbps capacity can be provided
by one single ALCplus2e IDU as well as by aggregating 2xALCplus2 IDUs. In the same way aggregating 2xALCplus2e IDUs, an aggregated
2.0 Gbps throughput is achieved. Header compression is also available to transport additional throughput.
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IDU-ODU compatibility
AS/ASN ODU
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Main Features
Scalable capacity, integrated XPIC functionality, high performance and reliability, ease of installation, common
NMS platform and cost effectiveness make the ALS Series the proper network solution for a wide set of network
applications.
Both electrical and optical interfaces are available on the same terminal radio equipment.
Adaptive Code and Modulation allows the automatic selection of the optimum modulation scheme according to
current radio link propagation conditions and on received signals quality can be software enabled; on the basis of
received signal quality calculations, the ALS Series can increase the system gain when needed, thus forwarding
the high priority traffic in bad propagation conditions too. In addition, the introduction of heavily coded
modulation schemes allows the system to perform in challenging environmental conditions.
With ACM and traffic classification, each traffic class is assigned with its minimum required QoS, allowing easy
overbooking of existing radio link, without any impact on antenna sizes and infrastructure hardware.
ALCplus2 IDU with its state-of-art high speed ACM can compensate fading speed up to 40dB/s; this allows easy
network planning in very bad environment condition characterized of deep fading conditions and with fast fading
phenomena (e.g multiple path interference for lower frequency bands)
In addition, user configurable ACM profiles allow per-link optimization with the possibility to full customize
adaptive modulation behavior.
Delay compensation allows jitter free modulation switchover
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These modulation independent ODUs allow the install-and-forget approach for simple station upgrading.
.
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Mechanical Layout
The same mounting kit type fits all the ODUs for an easily upgrade.
AS/ASN ODU
Integrated antenna solutions
Figure 5 AS/ ASN ODU with integral antenna in 1+0 and 1+1 configuration
Figure 6 - AS/ASN ODU with not integrated antenna solution in 1+0 and 1+1 configurations
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ATPC Feature
Automatic Transmit Power Control (ATPC) is available as a standard feature in all configurations.
Power Control has two operational modes:
Fixed output power attenuation mode (ATPC disabled); the output power can be reduced up to 20dB in
1dB steps (40dB in Advanced AS ODU).
ATPC mode: the ATPC algorithm adjusts the output power attenuation in order to reach a predefined Rx
level at the remote terminal.
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10
10
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Traffic
Sync In/Out (G703/2 MHz clock or HDB3 AIS)
Traffic + EOC (G704 framing)
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IDU options
o 4xFE/GE Sync/Async + 2xE1
o 4xFE/GE Sync/Async + 2xE1 + 16xE1 + 2xSTM-1(1+1 MSP) + Nodal Bus
o 4xFE/GE Sync/Async + 2xE1 + 32xE1 + 2xSTM-1(1+1 MSP)
Protection Schemes
XPIC 2x(1+0)
1x(1+0) and 2x(1+0)
(1+1)HSB, (1+1)FD/FSD (up to 28 MHz), (1+1)SD
Additional features
Some major upgraded features to be underlined, as following:
1 Gbit/s total throughput capacity managed by a single equipment
2+0 configuration as well as 2+0 XPIC, both available in 1RU shelf
Advanced Ethernet /IP features
Header Compression: over 200% throughput more.
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Regardless to the configuration options, in the following table is summarized the limits applied for the different
HW versions:
IDU type
ALCplus2e IDU XPIC
ALCplus2e IDU 2x(1+0)
Total
164
164
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Traffic classification
The adaptive modulation entails a change in the available bandwidth with regard to the modulation scheme that
is used and as a consequence, moving from higher modulation downward, the decreasing of the traffic capacity.
The possibility to classify the traffic allows deciding what traffic to transport according to the available
bandwidth. For example if the modulation is reduced from 256QAM to 4QAM all traffic exceeding 4QAM
capacity cannot be carried anymore.
ALCplus2e solutions have 8 output queues through which 8 priority classes can be managed with user
configurable quality management.
SIAE MICROELETTRONICA implementation manages TDM and ETH traffic in different ways:
E1 ports are manually configured for being high or low priority.
ETH packets are usually classified according to 802.1p Layer 2 tag. SIAE MICROELETTRONICA systems are
also able to classify them, according to IP TOS or IPV6 TC and EXP bits MPLS.
This allows each type of services to be transmitted with the agreed performances.
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Table 3 - Packet Data Radio System header optimization only - (no header compression)
A continuous monitoring on the MSE parameter is performed by the system, thus when MSE goes below a predefined threshold, a modulation switch request is transmitted backward.
Capacity will be automatically adjusted according to the Table 2.
.
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Throughput
Throughput is defined according to paragraph 26.1 of RFC2544.
Throughput depends on configuration, channel bandwidth and packet size.
Below the maximum Throughput calculated with massive Header compressor working in following multiprotocol
scenario: C-Tag, Multiple s-Tags , MACinMAC , multiple MPLS lables, IP6, UDP, RTP.
Channel
Width
Radio Throughput at point X/X' for Ethernet 128/142 bytes input traffic [Mbit/s]
4QAM
Strong
4QAM
8 QAM
16QAM
32QAM
64QAM
128QAM
256QAM
14 MHz
63
75
104
148
184
221
257
301
28 MHz
126
148
220
292
366
439
510
599
40 MHz
179
212
290
416
496
618
722
825
56 MHz
252
293
437
582
710
845
1.000
1.000
For a complete description of the Header compressor please refer to Header Compression paragraph.
Please refer to Appendix 3 for the Header Compression performances working in different scenarios and the net
throughput.
In the table below the throughput in terms of maximum number of E1s available on the radio frame.
Channel
Width
4QAM
8 QAM
16QAM
32QAM
64QAM
128QAM
256QAM
7 MHz
10
12
15
17
20
14 MHz
10
14
20
25
30
35
40
28 MHz
17
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
40 MHz
25
30
43
59
70
80
80
80
56 MHz
34
40
60
80
80
80
80
80
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ETHERNET CHARACTERISTICS
ALplus2e is compliant with MEF9 for service functionality and MEF14 for service performance. Configured in
point-to-point, nodal or ring topology, they can be used to implement standardized Ethernet services such as ELine, E-LAN and E-Tree providing quality of service (QoS), scalability and reliability. Each services could be created
in transparent mode or in virtual mode sharing radio link resources between different services managing VLAN
802.1q tags.
Ethernet Throughput
ALCplu2e IDU provides full-duplex Ethernet throughput ranging from 10 up to 500 Mbit/s per radio direction. It is
possible to associate a given bandwidth to a single Ethernet port. It can be assigned in fixed steps up to full wire
speed. A big throughput improvement came using Header Compression technology reported in the paragraph
below.
Please refer to Appendix 3 for Throughput and Latency details.
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QoS management
QoS refers to the ability of a network device to provide improved services to selected network traffic over various
underlying technologies, including Ethernet and wireless LANs. In particular, QoS feature provides an improved
and more predictable network services, as follows:
Improving loss characteristics
Avoiding and managing network congestion
Prioritizing services to different kinds of network traffic
Setting traffic priorities across the network
QoS is implemented in SIAE MICROELETTRONICA products in a multilevel approach:
VLAN per port
Level 2 VLAN identifiers (802.1Q)
Level 2 priority bits (802.1P QoS)
Level 3 priorities IPv4 (ToS or DSCP) or IPv6 (TC)
EXP bits MPLS
Ethernet Resiliency
LLF - Link Loss Forwarding
PIRL - Peak Input Rate Limiting - In order to control the traffic flows incoming the equipment and thus the
network, this access limitation/control policies is introduced with a leaky bucket architecture
RSTP - Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol - is a link layer network protocol that ensures a loop-free topology for any
bridged LAN. Thus, the basic function of STP is to prevent bridge loops and ensuing broadcast radiation.
MSTP - Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol - enables VLANs to be grouped into a spanning-tree instance, with each
instance having a spanning-tree topology independent of other spanning-tree instances. This architecture
provides multiple alternate paths enabling a better network load balancing.
ELP - Ethernet Link Protection - ELP is used to protect the network from Ethernet link failures in various network
topologies and application
LAG - Link Aggregation is a recommendation (802.1AX-2008 or 802.3ad) designed for using multiple media in
parallel to increase the link speed beyond the limits of any one single medium and increase the
redundancy for higher availability
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Level 2 priorities:
Priority queues are introduced on switches output ports. 802.1p describes 8 priority levels, mapped onto 8
output queues.
A typical mapping scheme is shown below.
Traffic type
Used queue
0
1
2
3
4
Best Effort
Background
NOT DEFINED
Excellent Effort
Controlled Load
0
1
2
3
4
Video ( latency
100 ms )
Voice ( latency 10 ms )
Network Control
Two scheduling algorithms are available in SIAE MICROELETTRONICA equipment: strict priority or weighted
scheduling WFQ (SW selectable).
Strict priority means that Higher priority queues are emptied first
Weighted scheduling (WFQ) means that queues are served proportionally to their weights.
Mixed Strict priority and WFQ
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VLAN rewriting
VLAN rewriting is a feature available on radio side that allows to rewrite the VID of C-TAG of the packets received
(uplink side) or sent (downlink side) by the switch. On uplink side (packets received by the switch) the VID can be
rewritten on the basis of the following criteria:
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- LAN port + C-VID: new values of C-VID to be written into the packet can be configured on the basis of its original
C-VID and the LAN port where it has been received.
- LAN port + C-VID + priority: new values of C-VID to be written into the packet can be configured on the basis of
its original C-VID + priority and the LAN port where it has been received.
On uplink side it is possible to configure for all the LAN ports up to 64 LAN port + C-VID or LAN port + C-VID +
priority criteria. On downlink side (packets sent by the switch) the VID can be rewritten on the basis of the C-VID
of the received packet. I.e., new values of C-VID to be written into the packet can be configured on the basis of its
original C-VID. It is possible to configure up to 64 C-VID criteria in downlink, independently by the uplink
configuration.
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- CF (Coupling Flag): if enabled, the excess tokens eventually charged into the green bucket are moved into the
yellow packet bucket. Red packets, i.e. the ones exceeding the CIR+EIR rate, are automatically discarded.
Before the high priority packet is sent over the air, it has always to be placed in the common FIFO buffer of the
servant. It could happen that this buffer is occupied by the last best effort (or lower priority) packet; in this case
the high priority packet collects delay due to the process servant time dedicated to the best effort packet.
This delay heavily depends on the processed best effort packet size (from 64bytes to 1518 bytes of even more in
case of jumbo frames).
A technique used to mitigate this phenomenon is the Frame Fragmentation, i.e. at the TX side long frames are
subdivided in smaller fragments and a sequence label is inserted in order to number the fragments.
At RX side the original frame is rebuilt after all the fragments are received.
In this way, the maximum waiting time for a High Priority packet is reduced to the sub-frame size (some hundreds
of bytes), providing sensitive benefits to the packet jitter.
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Header compression
SIAE MICROELETTRONICA has developed a two level Header Compression that is able to hash L2, L2.5, L3 and L4
headers protocols and thus massively increase the available radio throughput.
The packet compression gain provided is from 3% up to 200%, depending on payload, protocols stacks and packet
size.
In the following figure, supported Header Compression protocol and various compression rates are reported, in
relation with packet sizes compressed protocol stacks.
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Document Number
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S.p.A. No part of this document may be copied, reprinted or reproduced in any material form, whether wholly or in part, without the written consent of SIAE
MICROELETTRONICA S.p.A. Further, the contents of this document or the methods or techniques contained therein must not be disclosed to any person.
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MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
TMN Connection
The ALS Series provides several communication ports for TMN connections. These ports can be used for:
connection to other equipment
connection to TMNs DCN
direct connection to SIAE MICROELETTRONICAs Element Manager
Depending on equipment configuration, the following TMN ports are available:
two Ethernet 10/100 BASE-T
USB
In addition to the TMN ports listed above, the ALS Series provides other TMN connections depending on IDU
model, with ALCplus2:
TMN and main traffic can coexist on same ports (In band management).
Supervisory information can be terminated by other equipment or, thanks to the standard mapping, by an
external router.
TMN Protocols
The ALS Series allows local and remote management thanks to an embedded SNMP agent.
All ports previously described can be logically connected through two protocol stack versions:
Full IP protocol stack
OSI+IP protocol stack.
Routing among communication ports can be configured as static routing or based on OSPF (Open Shortest Path
First) in case of full-IP stack, and IS-IS in case of OSI+IP option.
When implementing the OSI+IP stack, layers 1 to 3 are compliant with recommendations ITU-T Q.811, Q.812 and
G.784.
The implementation of standard communication protocol stacks in conjunction with industry-standard interfaces
(as depicted in the following figures) enables equipment connection to any IP or OSI based DCN.
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Figure 15 - Full IP Protocol Stack for ALC, ALCplus, ALCplus2 and ALCplus2e Systems (SPDH/SDH/ETH)
Figure 16 - IP Protocol Stack ALC, ALCplus, ALCplus2 and ALCplus2e Systems (SPDH/SDH/ETH)
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Management Functionalities
The management functionalities implemented at NE level are:
Fault management (alarms, events, date, time, severity, etc.)
Configuration and test Management (i.e. configuration of ALS parameters, set-up of loop-backs, manual
forcing of 1+1 switches, mapping of relay alarms and user inputs, etc.)
Software management (i.e. software release management and software download)
Performance management and monitoring relevant to G.828 parameters.
Security Management (i.e. Network Element multi-level access according to Operators rights)
Management Software
In order to satisfy the requirements of local and centralized management, SIAE MICROELETTRONICA has
developed the following software/platforms/systems:
LCT (Local Craft Terminal) for maintenance and line-up activities (MS Windows OS)
SCT (Subnetwork Craft Terminal) for centralized management of up to 100 Network Elements - NEs (MS
Windows OS)
NMS5-LX (Element Manager) for centralized management of medium networks with up to 1000 Network
Elements per server (Linux OS)
NMS5-UX (Element Manager) for centralized management of large networks with up to 10000 Network
Elements per server (HP Unix OS)
Web LCT for maintenance and line-up activities (MS Windows OS & Adobe flash) accessible via Browser
For a more detailed description of SIAE MICROELETTRONICA supervision software platforms, please refer to the
specific product literature.
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S.p.A. No part of this document may be copied, reprinted or reproduced in any material form, whether wholly or in part, without the written consent of SIAE
MICROELETTRONICA S.p.A. Further, the contents of this document or the methods or techniques contained therein must not be disclosed to any person.
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TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Physical Dimensions of system components
System Version
Width (mm)
Height (mm)
Depth (mm)
AS ODU 1+0
254
254
154
AS ODU 1+1
358
254
296
254
254
114
278
254
296
482
44
223
Weight
System Version
Weight(Kg)
AS ODU (1+0)
5,5
AS ODU (1+1)
15,3
4,5
13,3
2,3
3,4
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Power supply
ODU Range
-40.8 -57.6 Vdc
According to ETSI EN300132-2
Configuration
1+0 Radio Terminal
75
105
Environmental conditions
Environmental Conditions
Range
-5 C
+50 C
IP65
Wind load
200 km/h
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EN 300 019
EN 301 390
EN 302 217
EN 301 489
EN 60950
ITU-R
ITU-R F.1191
CEPT
IEEE 802
IEEE 1588-2008
ITU-T 1731
ITU-T G.703
ITU-T G704
ITU-T G.742
Second order digital multiplex equipment operating at 8449 Kbit/s and using positive
justification
ITU-T G.783
ITU-T G.823
The control of jitter and wander within digital networks which are based on the 2048
Kbit/s hierarchy
ITU-T G.825
The control of jitter and wander within digital networks which are based on the
synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH)
ITU-T G.957
Optical Interfaces for equipment and system relating to the synchronous digital
hierarchy
ITU-T G.8261
ITU-T G.8262
ITU-T G.8264
Document Number
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S.p.A. No part of this document may be copied, reprinted or reproduced in any material form, whether wholly or in part, without the written consent of SIAE
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4 GHz
13 GHz
15 GHz
18 GHz
23 GHz
25 GHz
28 GHz
32 GHz
38 GHz
42 GHz
4 QAM
+28
+29
+29
+28
+28
+28
+23
+23
+22
+21
+20
+19
+17
8 QAM
+28
+29
+29
+28
+28
+28
+23
+23
+22
+21
+20
+19
+17
16 QAM
+25
+26
+26
+25
+25
+25
+21
+21
+20
+19
+18
+17
+15
32 QAM
+25
+26
+26
+25
+25
+25
+21
+21
+20
+19
+18
+17
+15
64 QAM
+24
+25
+25
+24
+24
+24
+19
+19
+18
+17
+16
+15
+13
128 QAM
+24
+25
+25
+24
+24
+24
+19
+19
+18
+17
+16
+15
+13
256 QAM
+23
+24
+24
+23
+23
+23
+18
+18
+17
+16
+15
+14
+12
15 GHz
18 GHz
23 GHz
25 GHz
28 GHz
32 GHz
38 GHz
42 GHz
4 QAM
-89,5
-89,5
-89,5
-89
-89
-89
-88,5
-88,5
-88
-81
-86
-86,5
-85,5
8 QAM
-82,5
-82,5
-82,5
-82
-82
-82
-81,5
-81,5
-81
-80,5
-79
-79,5
-78,5
16 QAM
-81
-81
-81
-80,5
-80,5
-80.5
-80
-80
-79,5
-79
-77,5
-78
-77
32 QAM
-77,5
-77,5
-77,5
-77
-77
-77
-76,5
-76,5
-76
-75,5
-74
-74,5
-73,5
64 QAM
-75,5
-75,5
-75,5
-75
-75
-75
-74,5
-74,5
-74
-73,5
-72
-72
-71,5
128 QAM
-73,5
-73,5
-73,5
-73
-73
-73
-72,5
-72,5
-72
-71,5
-70
-70,5
-69
256 QAM
-70,5
-70,5
-70,5
-70
-70
-70
-69,5
-69,5
-69
-68,5
-67
-67,5
-66,5
Typical values
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Ps10
Ps10
Br
NF
Eb
N0
114
10
LOG10 ( Br )
NF
Eb
N0
10
10 - 3
Bit rate
Receiver noise figure
Energy per bit/Noise spectral density (at specified BER)
10
We can discover that minimum received signal, able to guarantee certain performances (BER), depends on some
fixed figures, such as required bit rate (Br) and demodulator implementation
If a receiver is working at such a level that cannot allow the required quality, alternative methods can be
implemented.
Increasing TX power on remote terminal. This can obviously be done, if transmitter is not jet emitting its
maximum power.
Reducing user bit rate
Changing modulation scheme and FEC redundancy
SIAE MICROELETTRONICA implementation does all the above with its ALCplus2/ALCplus2e IDUs .
In addition, SIAE MICROELETTRONICA maintains channel width constant, with no effect on other links, without
any need to reconfigure the entire network.
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Latency
According to paragraph 26.2 of RFC2544, objective of this test is:
To determine the latency as defined in RFC 1242.
Latency is capacity dependent, therefore in the following tables different latency parameters will be specified for
each configuration.Please note that, according to RFC2544, the latency is measured Last In First Out (LIFO). The
effective link delay will be this value plus packet transfer time over physical ETH interfaces.
ALplus2 implements 8 ACM profiles with all Channel BW. Please refer to Adaptive Modulation paragraph for
ACM details.
Modulation
4QAM
8 QAM
16QAM
32QAM
64QAM
128QAM
256QAM
4QAM
Strong
1.042
0.844
0.627
0.477
0.401
0.477
0.52
0.507
14
0.954
0.8
0.575
0.418
0.345
0.439
0.458
0.444
28
0.475
0.406
0.274
0.214
0.176
0.227
0.237
0.231
56
0.241
0.207
0.14
0.112
0.094
0.125
0.126
0.121
Modulation
4QAM
8 QAM
16QAM
32QAM
64QAM
128QAM
256QAM
4QAM
Strong
1.522
1.233
0.913
0.67
0.573
0.607
0.642
0.608
14
1.186
0.995
0.719
0.518
0.428
0.51
0.523
0.499
28
0.595
0.508
0.347
0.271
0.224
0.265
0.272
0.265
56
0.304
0.261
0.181
0.144
0.122
0.152
0.147
0.14
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Modulation
4QAM
8 QAM
16QAM
32QAM
64QAM
128QAM
256QAM
4QAM
Strong
2.09
1.693
1.229
0.895
0.756
0.768
0.774
0.726
14
1.462
1.226
0.882
0.639
0.518
0.59
0.594
0.557
28
0.735
0.628
0.426
0.334
0.276
0.311
0.312
0.298
56
0.377
0.324
0.226
0.179
0.154
0.178
0.172
0.162
Modulation
4QAM
Strong
4QAM
8 QAM
16QAM
32QAM
64QAM
128QAM
256QAM
2,609
1,715
2,113
1,439
1,541
1,044
1,115
0,757
0,938
0,618
0,908
0,669
0,914
0,663
0,845
0,623
0,867
0,74
0,508
0,395
0,326
0,356
0,351
0,333
0,447
0,384
0,27
0,214
0,185
0,205
0,196
0,183
14
28
56
Modulation
4QAM
Strong
4QAM
8 QAM
16QAM
32QAM
64QAM
128QAM
256QAM
11.684
9.465
6.974
4.755
4.214
3.35
3.222
2.761
14
6.104
5.12
3.557
2.634
2.176
2.02
1.907
1.656
28
3.136
1.651
2.677
1.418
1.881
1.052
1.483
0.83
1.235
0.697
1.067
0.71
1.003
0.601
0.982
0.549
56
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Throughput
Throughput is defined according to paragraph 26.1 of RFC2544.
This Annex is dedicated to show the throughput in different scenarios and the related compressor efficiency
according to the different traffic transported protocols.
SCENARIO 1: The tables show the benefit of Header Compression in a scenario where traffic is transported
using the following protocol stack: C-TAG + S-TAG with IPv4 traffic in UDP sessions.
In this case Header Compressor works as not fully loaded or in a relaxed environment using only a single layer
compressing process. Please note that effective throughput always depends also on MTU size.
Typical Radio Throughput at point X/X' for Ethernet 641/72 bytes input traffic [Mbit/s]
Channel width
7 MHz
14 MHz
28 MHz
56 MHz
4QAM
Strong
18
36
71
143
4QAM
8 QAM
16QAM
32QAM
64QAM
128QAM
256QAM
22
43
84
166
30
59
125
248
43
84
166
331
51
105
208
403
64
125
249
480
72
146
290
572
84
171
340
682
Typical Radio Throughput at point X/X' for Ethernet 128 bytes input traffic [Mbit/s]
Channel width
7 MHz
14 MHz
28 MHz
56 MHz
4QAM
Strong
13
26
53
106
4QAM
8 QAM
16QAM
32QAM
64QAM
128QAM
256QAM
16
32
62
123
23
44
93
184
32
62
123
245
38
78
154
299
47
93
185
356
53
108
215
424
63
127
252
505
Typical Radio Throughput at point X/X' for Ethernet 512 bytes input traffic [Mbit/s]
Channel width
7 MHz
14 MHz
28 MHz
56 MHz
4QAM
Strong
10
19
38
77
4QAM
8 QAM
16QAM
32QAM
64QAM
128QAM
256QAM
12
23
45
89
17
32
67
134
24
45
89
178
28
56
112
217
35
67
134
258
40
78
156
308
47
92
183
366
Typical payload size has been enlarged in order to handle the chosen header protocol stack
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Typical Radio Throughput at point X/X' for Ethernet 1518 bytes input traffic [Mbit/s]
Channel width
7 MHz
14 MHz
28 MHz
56 MHz
4QAM
Strong
9
18
36
73
4QAM
8 QAM
16QAM
32QAM
64QAM
128QAM
256QAM
11
22
43
84
16
30
63
126
22
43
84
168
26
53
105
205
33
64
126
243
37
74
147
290
44
87
173
346
SCENARIO 2: The throughput is calculated in a typical VOIP scenario. Traffic is generated in a eNodeB using CTAG, S-TAG, MPLS, IPv4, GTP layers and then encapsulating VOIP shot packets in IPv6(with UDP and RTP) .
Max Radio Throughput at point X/X' for Ethernet 1281/136 bytes input traffic [Mbit/s]
Channel width
4QAM
Strong
4QAM
8QAM
16QAM
32QAM
64QAM
128QAM
256QAM
7 MHz
14 MHz
28 MHz
56 MHz
25
30
41
59
73
87
101
119
49
59
83
117
146
175
203
238
100
117
174
231
290
347
404
474
199
232
346
461
562
669
798
950
SCENARIO 3: Throughput with Header compression and optimizations not activated: traffic is considered as a
pure stream of bits.
Channel width
4QAM
Strong
4QAM
8QAM
16QAM
32QAM
64QAM
128QAM
256QAM
7 MHz
14 MHz
28 MHz
40 MHz
56 MHz
11
17
21
26
31
36
43
17
21
33
42
52
62
72
85
35
42
66
83
104
124
145
170
50
60
87
118
141
175
206
240
71
83
132
165
202
240
286
341
Typical payload size has been enlarged in order to handle the chosen header protocol stack
Document Number
B.ALCPLUS2E.1.02.-11
SIAE MICROELETTRONICA S.p.A. Proprietary and Confidential. All rights reserved. The copyright of this document is the property of SIAE MICROELETTRONICA
S.p.A. No part of this document may be copied, reprinted or reproduced in any material form, whether wholly or in part, without the written consent of SIAE
MICROELETTRONICA S.p.A. Further, the contents of this document or the methods or techniques contained therein must not be disclosed to any person.
Data subject to change without notice.
Page
41 of 44
Switching capabilities
IDU type
ALCplus2e
8192
Document Number
B.ALCPLUS2E.1.02.-11
SIAE MICROELETTRONICA S.p.A. Proprietary and Confidential. All rights reserved. The copyright of this document is the property of SIAE MICROELETTRONICA
S.p.A. No part of this document may be copied, reprinted or reproduced in any material form, whether wholly or in part, without the written consent of SIAE
MICROELETTRONICA S.p.A. Further, the contents of this document or the methods or techniques contained therein must not be disclosed to any person.
Data subject to change without notice.
Page
42 of 44
Document Number
B.ALCPLUS2E 1.02. 11
SIAE MICROELETTRONICA S.p.A. Proprietary and Confidential. All rights reserved. The copyright of this document is the property of SIAE MICROELETTRONICA
S.p.A. No part of this document may be copied, reprinted or reproduced in any material form, whether wholly or in part, witho ut the written consent of SIAE
MICROELETTRONICA S.p.A. Further, the contents of this document or the methods or techniques contained therein must not be disclosed to any person.
Data subject to change without notice.
Page
43 of 44
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