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LECTURE 1
1.1 Dimensions and Units
1.2 Properties of Fluids
Lecturer:
Dr Ataur Rahman
Weight
W = mg,
mg where g is acceleration due to
gravity 9.81 m/s2, assumed to be constant
over the Earth.
2=
Unit
U of W = mgg = ( kg)(m/s
g)( 2) = kg.m/s
g
Newton
Properties of Fluid
Solid: Molecules are closer together
Properties of Fluid
Liquid: Molecules tend to be far apart,
apart
they can flow under gravity and pressure
differences easily,
internal friction is important as well as surface
friction during flow
Imagine
g flow of water down the river (friction
(
with river bed, grass etc PLUS friction among
moving liquid particles - viscosity)
Properties of Fluid
Gas: Molecules tend to be far apart from
each other (example air)
It takes the volume of a container
Generally lighter than water
Vapo
Vapour:
r: Its temperature
temperat re and pressure
press re are
such that it is very close to liquid state
Water vapour from your cooking pot
Specific Weight
= g
l = slwg
dy
Y
F, U
y
du
u
dy
Y
F, U
y
du
u
Experiment shows:
F AU
Y
F AU
Y
F U
Y
A
du
dy
where Y is distance
between two plates
is called shear stress
is coefficient of viscosity
du/ dy
is N.s/m2
Elastic solid
Ideal plastic
Newtonian fluid
Ideal fluid
du/dy
Non-Newtonian
Non
Newtonian fluid
A fluid for which absolute viscosity does
not change with rate of deformation is
called a Newtonian fluid.
Kinematic viscosity
Absolute viscosity divided by density is
called kinematic viscosity ()
Surface tension
Liquids have cohesion and adhesion which are
form of molecular attraction.
attraction
Cohesion enables a liquid to resist tensile stress.
Adhesion enables a liquid to adhere to another
body.
body
Surface tension acts at the interface of two liquids
or liquid and gas. Unit is N/m.
Surface tension
Capillarity is the property of exerting forces on fluids by
fine tubes or porous media
it is due to both cohesion and adhesion
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CAPILARRITY
r = radius
h
2r cos r 2h
h 2 cos
r
where h is capillary
p
y rise,,
is surface tension,
is wetting angle,
is specific weight of liquid.
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Summary
Weight W = mg (Newton)
Density = Mass/Volume (kg/m3)
= g (N/m3)
Specific gravity s of a liquid = l/w
l = slwg
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Summary
We will assume all liquids are
incompressible (i.e. density does not change
with pressure/force)
du/ dy
Summary
Have a good rest, BUT with a serious revision!
See you next week!!
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