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eq.(1)
=5
or m = 5 K x m
2 x 0.52 K
= 4.807m
1
Kf for water
= 1.86 K/)
Tf = i Kf m
= 1.86 K x Kg x mol x 3.33 x 10 3 g x 10 3
mol x 62 g x 10 3 x Kg
= 99.9 K or 99.9C
= Tf ( solvent ) Tf ( solution )
Tf
or 99.9C
0C
Tf ( solution )
or Tf ( solution ) = 99.9C
Ans =- 99.9oC.
22- When a certain amount of solute is added to 100g of water, the vapour
pressure reduces to one half of that of pure water ( 23.76 mm of Hg). Find
the amount of solute added.
As per Raoults Law
PA
PA
XB
23.7 cm 11.8 cm
23.7 cm
XB
or 0.5
PA
XB
XB = nB moles of solute
nA moles of solvent
1.5
nB
100/18
0.5 x 5.55 = nB
2.77 mol = nB
Ans = 2.77 mol.
23- Two elements X & Y form compounds having molecular formulae XY2 and
XY4 respectively . When dissolved in 20g of benzene, 1.0 g of XY2 lowers
the freezing by 2.3oC where as 1.0g of XY4 lowers the freezing point by
1.3oC . Calculate the molar masses of X & Y .Given kf benzene = 5.1 k/m
Let the molar mass of compound XY2 = M1
the molar mass of compound XY4 = M2
1.0 g of XY2 lowers the freezing by 2.3oC
Tf = Kf m
or Tf = m
Kf
or
2.3 K X m
5.1 K
= m
or 0.451 m
Molality of solution =Number of moles of solute
Mass of solvent in Kilogram
0.451 mol Kg-1 = Number of moles of solute
0.02 Kg
0.451 mol Kg-1 x 0.02 Kg = Number of moles of solute
Number of moles of solute = Mass of solute in grams
Molar mass of solute
Molar mass of solute
( M1 )
or
1.3 K X m
5.1 K
= m
or 0.255 m
Molality of solution =Number of moles of solute
Mass of solvent in Kilogram
0.255 mol Kg-1 = Number of moles of solute
0.02 Kg
0.255 mol Kg-1 x 0.02 Kg = Number of moles of solute
Number of moles of solute = Mass of solute in grams
Molar mass of solute
Molar mass of solute
( M2 )
24- The osmotic pressure of a dilute solution of KNO 3 in water is 0.47 atm at
298 K.What would be the vapour pressure of the solution, freezing point
and boiling point?The vapour pressure of water is 0.31 atm.
Assume molarity to be equal to molality.
Kb & kf for water = 0.52 K kg mol 1 & 1.86 K kg mol 1 respectively
= iCRT
Or = C
iRT
or
0.47 atm
= C
2 x 0.082atm L K-1 x mol-1 x 298 K
4
= 1000 g
18 g mol-1
= 55.56 mol
PA
PA
XB
0.0096
55.56
2) Tf = i Kf m
= 2 x 1.86 K x 0.0096 m
m
= 0.0357 K
Tf
or
0.0357C
= Tf ( solvent ) Tf ( solution )
Or 0.0357 C
0C
or Tf ( solution ) = 0.0357C
Tf ( solution )
or
272.982 K
3) Tb = i Kb m
= 2 x 0.52 K x 0.0096 m
m
= 0.00998 K
Tb
Or 0. 00998 C
or Tb ( solution ) =
or
0. 00998C
= Tb (solution ) Tb (( solvent )
=
100C
100C
Tb ( solution )
+ 0. 00998 C
5
or Tb ( solution)
100. 00998 C
but C = nB
V
V = i
nBRT
or
=i 3
NaHSO4 dissociates as :
NaHSO4 Na+ + HSO4
Since the concentration of NaHSO4 is 0.08 m
[Na+] = [HSO4 ] = 0.08m
Now , HSO4 also dissociates as : HSO4 H+ + SO42If is the degree of dissociation, then after dissociation at equilibrium
[ HSO4] = 0.08 (1 ) , [H+] = 0.08 , [ SO42-] =0.08
i x 0.1488
0.372 = i
0.1488
Thus, 2 + = 2.5
= 2.5
= 0.5
or
4.0 x 10 -2
Ans. 4.0 x 10 -2
or
( benzene )
( acetone )
= 1.7 K
= 2.6 K Kg mol -1 ]
Tb = Kb x WB x 1000
GMMB x WA
7
Or GMMB = Kb x WB x 1000
Tb x WA
In the first case Kb
( acetone )
Tb = 0.17
GMMB = 1.7 K Kg mol -1 x 1.22 g x 1000 Kg-1
0.17K x 100
In the first case Kb
( benzene )
= 122 g mol -1
Tb = 0.13
GMMB = 2.6 K Kg mol -1 x 1.22 g x 1000 Kg-1
0.13K x 100
= 244 g mol -1
Actual molar mass of C6H5COOH = 122 g mol -1 which means that C6H5COOH
Exist as monomer in acetone and dimer in benzene.Dimeric nature is due to
intermolecular H bonding .
28.To 500 ml of water , 3 x 10 -3Kg of acetic acid is added.If 23% of acetic acid
is dissociated , what will be the depression in freezing point ?
Kf (water ) = 1.86 K Kg mol -1 and density of water is 0.997 g ml -1.
Volume of water = 500 mL
-1
Molality of solution =
= 3 x 10 -3 x 103g
60 g mol -1
= 0.05 mol
CH3COOH CH3COO- + H +
Degree of dissociation = i -1
()
n-1
or (n-1)
= i -1
or (n-1) +1
= i
or 0.23 (2-1) +1
= i
Now ,
Tf =
or
i = 1.23
i Kf m
=i1
11
n
Tf = i Kf m
Or i = Tf
Kf m
Or i = Tf x GMMB x WA
Kf x WBx 1000
Or i = 0.69 K x 94 g mol-1 x 1000 Kg
5.12 K x Kg mol -1 x 20gx 1000
Or i = 0.633
Substituting the value of i in eq(1)
= 0.633 -1
0.5 - 1
Or = 0.366
0.5
= 0.732
Ans.0.73
9
30-A solution containing 8.6 g per litre of urea was found to isotonic with a 5% of
an organic non-volatile solute (A).Calculate the molecular mass of the organic
non-volatile solute (A).
Isotonic solutions have the same osmotic pressure and hence have same
number of solute particles.
= CRT
1 = 2
C = nB
V
or
nB1RT
V1
= nB RT
V
or
nB2RT
V2
when V1 = V2
w1 =
M1
w2
M2
where w1 and w2 are the masses of the solutes per litre of the
solution.
w1 =
w2 =
= 5 g x1000 mL = 50g
100 mL
w2
M2
M2
w2 x w1
M1
or
M2
Ans.348.8 g mol-1
10