Music and Arts I

Quarter 2: Folk Arts of Asia and Africa

Module 1: Asian and African Arts: Works of Great Beauty
EXPLORE YOUR UNDERSTANDING
In this phase, you will engage yourself in viewing examples of Asian and African arts and
your background knowledge on the topic will be assessed. Hook and engage yourself on the
topic.

Pre-Assessment
Lets first find out how much you know about the topic. Follow the directions for each of
set of questions. We will diagnose what you have already known about the topics in the
module. This test will not affect your grade in any way.
Activity 1 Pre-Test- Directions: Read and analyze the questions carefully before
answering. Choose the best answer and write the corresponding letter on your answer
sheet.
1. Which of the following is NOT an example of Asian art work?
A. ikebana
C. batik
B. wayang
D. fang masks
2. What is the use of African art objects in magical techniques and rituals?
A. To combat illness and death imputed by supernatural causes
B. To hunt into an inhospitable environment
C. To entertain the chieftain
D. All of the above
3. What pertains to the use of various marks and outlines in artworks?
A. Hues
C. Space
B. Value
D. Lines
4. What pertains to the use of light and dark, shade and highlight in an artwork,
commonly used by Chinese painter.
A. Hues
C. Space
B. Value
D. Lines
5. What is the greatest contribution of Africa to world culture?
A. traditional dance
C. folk songs
B. fine sculpture
D. architectural design
6. Asia has a variety of festivals and celebrations. Which of the following does not
belong to the group?
A. Dragon Boat Festival, and Mid-Autumn Moon Festival
B. Hindu festivals like Diwali and Holi
C. Snow and Cherry BlossomFestival
D. Panafest and Homowo Festival
\
7. Why is African Art considered multi-functional?
A. It serves as a handmaiden of government
B. It serves to entertain
C. It has symbolic value in religion
D. All of the above

8. What do you call the area that first attracts attention in a work of art?
A. Directional Movement
C. Center of interest
B. Harmony
D. Balance
9. What is the term used for a type of balance in which both sides of a composition are
balanced yet different?
A. Asymmetrical
C. Geometric
B. Radial
B. Symmetrical
10. How did artistic endeavors become a way of life to many Africans?
A. Art was used to glorify kings
B. Even rulers were often artists and sculptors
C. It is used in metalworks, basketry, and weaving
D. All of the above
Most of the best crafts and art works in the world are not only found in the
West. Asian and African arts have so much more to tell like culture, tradition, and
peoples way of life . They both reflect the social, religious and physical environment in
which they live. Explore the rich artistic world of Africa and Asia and learn different
meanings and uses of art for each individuals and societies.

Activity 2-Directions: Explain what you understand by this quotation. Write your answer
in your answer sheet.

The artist's world is limitless.

It can be found anywhere,
far from where he lives or a few feet away.
It is always on his doorstep.
~Paul Strand

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Activity 3- Directions: Below are different significant arts from Asia and Africa. Try to
determine where each art belong.

Traditional Mask

Ancient Dragon

The Great Wave

Plains

Golden Buddha

Body Art

Cherry Blossom Lantern

Jewelries

Dancing Dragon

Answers

Answers

ASIA

Pottery Vessel

AFRICA

SELF-CHECK:
1. How did you categorize Asian and African arts?
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2. How are Asian and African works of art expressed and created?
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3. Asia is represented by outstanding works of art that shows unique cultural identity.
How does it differ in style and form?
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4. Why are African arts and crafts functional in nature?
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Activity 4- Directions: Watch the educational video of The History of Asian Art and
The History of African Art. To view, press Ctrl key and click the first presentation:
http://video.answers.com/learn-about-the-history-of-asian-art-117506768
For the second presentation: http://video.answers.com/learn-about-the-history-ofafrican-art-117506533. After viewing the two presentations, copy the picture below onto
a sheet of paper or make a printable version. Then fill in the spaces to complete the
FISH BONE.
Question: What are the characteristics of Asian and African Arts?

Folk Arts

FIRM UP YOUR UNDERSTANDING

In this phase, you will now weave many facts regarding our topic. Activities are
provided to process your understanding. I encourage you to rethink, reflect
and revise.

African folk art consists of a wide variety of items: household objects, metal objects,
toys, textiles, masks, and wood sculpture, among others. African art is presented as
integral part of economic, social and political institutions and aesthetic value as a prime
element.
Lesson 1: One of the significant art forms in Africa is Yoruba Beaded Regalia that
symbolize power and wealth. Look at the image of Deji of Akure and his attendants and
the two beaded crowns.

The Oba and Symbols of Power

Yoruba people are one of the largest cultural

groups on the continent, numbering over twenty
million. They were ruled by the oba or king,
although their role has changed since both the
Republic of Benin and Nigeria have democratically
elected leaders. Just as in the past, each royal
court commissions artists to create beautiful
artworks that are symbols of power and prestige
for each royal lineage. Especially important to any
king or queen are their regalia, which are all the
accessories and costumes that a king or queen
wears on official occasions.

Consider the following symbols and their meaning:

Birds: A commanding bird at the top protects the powerful medicines inserted in the crown's
summit. Other birds may be added on the crown's body. Birds are symbols of the mystical
powers of women whose support is needed for the oba to rule effectively. The most senior
official of the royal lineage is the one who places the crown on the head of the king during his
installation ceremony.
Faces: Their representation is said to honor Oduduwa (the first oba and the first ruler to wear a
beaded crown). The face also represents the royal ancestors who are said to watch and protect
the royal line. Faces can also represent Olokun, the sea divinity who is patron of bead artists and
the symbolic source of the very beads that are used to create the crown
Interlace patterns: This interconnected and never-ending design refers to the continuity and
balance important to life. On a crown it can symbolize the chain of divine ancestors that are all
connected and linked to Oduduwa.

Triangles: These are divided into smaller triangles and diamond shapes, repeated in a
continuous pattern, imbuing the crown with a 'shininess' that reflects its sacred qualities.
Beads: That these crowns are completely covered with expensive beads is a sign of royalty. Each
color represents a different orisha or god and the king is protected by all the gods, and this
symbolizes his divine ancestry.
White: White represents Obatala, the king of the orisha. He is considered to be highly ethical,
merciful, cool, composed, and patient.
Red: Red is often associated with the Shango, a god who is often characterized as being proud
and a great warrior. He is the protector and guardian of people.
Elephant: A symbol of longevity and power.

Activity:
1. Look at the picture of the oba and the crowns. Discuss the details of how he is

presenting himself.
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2. What is the oba wearing? How is he sitting? What attitude does he project?
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3. How can you tell that this is an important, powerful man? What if he were sitting in an
ordinary chair, dressed in a business suit--would your perceptions be the same?
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4. Tell something about the style or designs of Kings regalia?
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5. How do the arts establish and communicate power and authority? When these
symbols are no longer being worn by their owner and are displayed in a museum, how
do they seem different to you, do they still have the same power?
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Lesson 2: The Beauty of Sande Masquerades

With a population of about one million, Mende people are one of

the largest groups of people of Sierra Leone. Most Mende people
are farmers, and they live in villages or smaller towns. Their most
important crop is rice, and land is farmed and owned by extended
family households. Strong ties and obligations connect families.
Villages and towns are governed by councils made up of family
leaders and each district is presided over by an officer appointed by
the central government.

Did you know that.

When the Sande mask is not
being performed in public
with its complete costume, it
is kept hidden and only
certain leaders of Sande
have access to it since it
represents
the
sacred
knowledge
of
the
association.

The Sande masquerader (sowei), wearing a blackened wooden

helmet mask and raffia costume, represents a water spirit. The
masquerader is regarded as a personification of Sande power and
knowledge, on both a political and religious level. The mask is also
seen as the embodiment of Sande's spiritual and healing forces.
When the Sande masquerader appears, it communicates with
gesture and dance. The lustrous blackness, beautifully arranged
hair, downcast eyes, and closed mouth give the mask an air of
inner spiritual concentration and refined physical perfection-ideals that women should strive for as member of Sande.

Activity 1: Learn from the Curator!

Curator of African Art, Carol Thompson with her discussion of two Mende masks from
Sierra Leone. Click the link below:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U7s_5zjN2wo
by: Highmuseum
After watching and reading the lesson above, read the questions below and examine
the images of Sande masquerades and masks.

Activity 2: Focus Questions

1. Look at the images of Sande masquerades, when a mask is being worn and
performed. What do you think the audience focuses on?
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2. Considering the fact that the masquerade represents the power and spirit of the
Sande association, why do you think the identity of the performer is not revealed and
every inch of the body is kept hidden?
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3. Knowing that the mask represents ideas about beauty, morals, and good behavior,
look at the mask carefully. Does it represent your idea of beauty? Is this a realistic
representation of a beautiful woman? What makes it abstract?
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Lesson 3: Kente Cloth in Ghana
Now, you will be introduced to the meanings and traditions associated with kente cloth.
You will also be asked to make your own kente patterns to gain an awareness of
abstract design principles.
Ghana has a complex history and many
different languages and cultures coexist in
this diverse country. Beginning about 1500,
numerous states rose to power, known as
the Akan kingdoms. While there are many
Akan states, the most historically powerful
and well-known is the Asante kingdom.

Did you know that.

kente has become a symbol of
national pride and ordinary
citizens wear it for special
celebrations.

Asante artworks celebrate the power and prestige of the

Asante confederacy and ensure that Kumasi (the capital of the
Asante kingdom) continues to be a thriving center of artistic
creativity. The work of Asante artists have gained an
international reputation. While their work inspires pride and a
sense of history among many people in Ghana, in the United
States Asante artworks have become important to African
American heritage and celebrations of multiculturalism.

The Asante strip woven cloth called kente is unquestionably the most popular
and best known of all African textiles. It is produced in greater quantity,
exported to more places, and incorporated into a greater variety of forms than
any other African art form. Originally kente was exclusively worn by royalty
since at least the eighteenth century. The names and meanings of kente designs
can allude to proverbs, historical events, social status, and the gender of the
wearer. Each Asante king would create a new kente design after close
consultation with master weavers during his reign. This new kente design had to
be chosen with great care because its pattern and symbolic meaning would
always be associated with this particular king.

Activity 1: Focus Questions-While looking at images of kente cloth and Asante kings
wearing it, answer the questions below.
1. Observe the details of the patterns closely. Can you tell how the cloth has been sewn
together?
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2. Each cloth is given a different name that is determined by the pattern of the individual
strips. Look carefully, notice that at first glance the cloths look very similar. But if you
look at each individual pattern, notice that none are the same. There are over 1,000
specific kente patterns, all with different names, and new ones are being designed all
the time. What color seems to be repeated in each cloth?________________________
3. How are the checkerboard patterns created?
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4. Why do you think yellow is a color chosen for royalty?
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Remember!
There are 5 elements of African art that are used to describe the aesthetics. African
art is so simple and yet complex at the same time. The elements can't capture its real
meaning and purpose. But people need a way to classify and define art and so have
narrowed the basic elements of African art to the following:
1. Resemblance to a human figure for purpose of conveying ideas.
2. Luminosity representing shiny and unflawed skin.
3. Youthfulness representing vitality and fertility.
4. Reserved demeanor representing a person in control.
5. Balance and proportion through material choices.

Now, let us discuss Asian Art. Each Asian Art differ, depending on the region it came
from. Asian art is shows the culture and history of the country from which it is from and
at the same time functional in nature. Statues, terracotta warriors, Samurai outfits, and
much more are considered Asian Art.
Lesson 1: Japanese Arts-The Ikebana Prints
When some people think of Japan, they see images in their minds of cherry blossom
trees and think of a land rich in culture. Both of these things are parts of Japan. I will
introduce to you the fascinating art of Japanese flower arranging. You will learn all the
steps for creating beautiful, unique, and creative flower arrangements with a few simple
materials.
"Ikebana" is from the Japanese
ikeru , ("to place, to arrange, life,
birth" and hana ("flower"). Possible
translations include "giving life to
flowers" and "arranging flowers"
It is the Japanese art of floral
design, is more than the mere
arrangement of greenery-it is a
lifestyle. While flowers and plants
are the product of Mother Nature,
Ikebana is the product of an
individual's
creativity
and
imagination in the arrangement of
nature's own materials. According
to the Sogetsu philosophy, Ikebana
is an art form that can be practiced
anytime, anywhere, and by anyone.
Sogetsu Ikebana focuses on the
contemporary,
beautiful,
and
refreshing
character
of
the
arrangement of plant materials.

Activity: Make Your Own Ikebana Arrangement

-What You Need:
Flowers
Vase
Scissors
1. Go to the nearest local library or do some research online to learn more about
Ikebana. Remember that Ikebana means flowers kept alive and there are two main
styles of flower arrangement: moribana or shallow dish, and nageire or tall vase. And
within these styles, there are patterns to follow for creating arrangements.
2. I invite you to create moribana style arrangement by finding a low vase. Start by
selecting one flower or branch as his center stalk. Now you can start building
arrangement around the base flower.
3. Traditionally, the next flowers or branches would be positioned so they lean or move
toward the flower arrangers left shoulder and shorter than the central flower or branch.
But, if you find your flowers work best moving to the right, you can build in that direction,
too.
5. Finish your Ikebana flower arrangement by positioning a few additional flowers at the
base of the vase pointing in the opposite direction as the last collection of flowers.
6. Now you can find the perfect spot to display your colorful and beautiful Ikebana flower
arrangement for everyone to enjoy and appreciate.

Did you know that....

Ikebana remains one of the most distinct arts in Japanese culture. It is
shown on television, taught in schools, and admired daily. An example of
a television show that involves ikebana is Seikei Bijin (Artificial Beauty).
The story incorporates the importance of natural beauty.

Lesson 2: The Delightful Korean Earthenware

Do you have ceramic objects at home (cups, vases or bowl)? What shape are they, how
were they made, how were they decorated? Are they used for special purposes?
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Look at Korean ceramics and learn to identify characteristics relating to shape,

decoration, function, and technique.

A. Wine Ewer
B. Wine Jar

Hyjui,

(From Left to Right)

Korean Wine Ewer
Sheep-shaped Celadon
Goryeo-Era Celadon

Korean ceramic history

begins with the oldest
earthenware
from
around 8000 BC.
Korean pottery is the
most famous and senior
art in Korea, it is closely
tied to Korean ceramics
which represents tile
work, large scale ceramic
murals, and architectural
elements.

The uniqueness of Korean earthenware, especially celadon

porcelain, began to be known to the rest of the world during the Goryeo Dynasty (9181392). Although celadon porcelain was first introduced by China and Korean potters
and brought it to life using their own original techniques and infused it with natural,
unpretentious magnificence. During the 14th and 15th centuries, potters in these two
countries began to shift their attention from celadon porcelain to white ceramics and in
the following years these ceramic masterpieces spread throughout the world to Japan,
South Asia, Western Asia, the Mediterranean and Western Europe.
In the history of ceramics, Korean celadon porcelain of the Goryeo Dynasty is renowned
for three very special and unique features. The first of these is the fabrication of the
alluring jade-blue color often called bisaek (kingfisher color). Many art critics say that
even with the advanced knowledge of color composition in modern science, it is

impossible to recreate the colors graceful tone, hue and elegance. Gone go far, and
declare that the color of Goryeo celadon porcelain is not just a color but is the most
divine state that any color can reach in terms of aesthetic beauty. The second trait is the
remarkable inlaying technique created by the Goryeo potters to embed wonderful and
graceful designs onto the surface of the ceramics, while the third characteristics is the
use of oxidized copper to decorate on the surface of a ceramic piece. Most people
today reveal their admiration of Goryeo celadon works by calling them blessing of
heaven because they say that it move one step closer to arts divine function of
purifying human minds with the power of beauty.
Activity 1: Focus
Choose one illustration of Korean ceramics from page 9. Answer the following question.
1. Is the piece symmetrical and regular or slightly irregular?_______________________
2. What colors were used? ________________________________________________
3. How is the piece decorated? ____________________________________________
4. Can you see geometric or natural forms? ___________________________________
Activity 2: Make a Simple Pot
-Materials:
Clay, air-dry, oven-bake, or low-fire
Glazes, especially light green, white, copper red
Clay tools
Brushes for glaze
Combs, broken in small pieces
1. Notice the shape of pot. The pot in image is made using the coil method. The base
can be made from a cookie-shaped flat piece of clay. Wet and score the outside edges
of this shape.
2. Roll another piece of clay into a long rope, then position it on the edge of the base
and begin to wind it around in a circle, building up the walls of the pot.
3. Add new ropes of clay as needed, pressing and smoothing the clay together with
your fingers.To make the pot wider, position the coil on the outside edge of the row
below it;
4. To make the pot more narrow, position the coil on the inside edge of the row below
it. Continue to smooth the outside surface as you add new coils.
The final shape of the pot can be manipulated into a regular or irregular form with
paddles or with the hands.
5. When a satisfactory shape has been reached, the pot should be put aside to dry.
When almost leather-hard, the clay can be stamped with textures.
6. When the clay is completely leather-hard, the pot may be decorated with incised
lines. The pot can be fired and decorated with glazes.
Lesson 3: A Look at Chinese Arts
When viewing Chinese paintings and calligraphies, especially for the first time, you may
have many questions about what you are seeing. This lesson seeks to address the
technical, spiritual at time poetic nature of Chinese arts.

Why is there only writing in

that image?
Why didnt the artist use
any color in that painting?

What is that image all about?

Why are red stamps placed all
over that painting?

Chinese

arts are influenced by three major religions: Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism.

Another major influence was nature. The three major kinds of subject they liked to paint were birds,
flowers, and landscapes from the countryside. All the religions stress love for nature. All landscape
painters tried to get a feeling of the human spirit and the strength of the wind, water, mist and
mountains. Painting became an art form more than 2000 years ago then influenced the later painters.
Chinese arts come in many different forms such as: painting, folk arts, silk, calligraphy, pottery,
sculpture, metal arts and papercuts. Chinese papercuts were created around the first century in A.D.
The Chinese invented paper, which was very important for papercuts. It first started in the Tang
Dynasty. People then would hang them up to decorate windows, houses, clothes and even ladies hair.
In these thin and fragile papercuts, they would create animals, aerobics, Buddha, opera faces and
other subjects.
Paintings became an art form more than 2000 years ago. The Chinese painted emperors,
landscape and zodiac animals, flowers, ladies, and birds. Chinese have three thousand years of history
of painting starting from 600 A.D Tang dynasty to the 20th century.
For the Chinese, painting was the most influential of all forms of art. Chinese pictorial art always
incorporates both calligraphy and painting. For this reason, it is often said that in China painting and
writing are two branches of the same art. Both are created with the brush, and Chinese artists prefer
to paint in ink alone. The ink, which is created from a mixture of lamp-black and glue, always forms
the basic outline of the painting. And, while the ink remains virtually the same in all paintings, the
brush may vary from a single hair to the size of a broom. This close association between painting and
calligraphy explains why Chinese painting was dominated by people usually trained in the art of
handwriting. It was not uncommon for poets to become gifted painters.
Chinese paintings, are generally produced on either silk or paper, are quite different from the
canvas oil paintings of traditional European art. The absorbent silk or paper does not allow for
correction, so each stroke must be predetermined in the artist's mind and quickly executed. For this
reason, the Chinese artist must carefully imagine the painting in his or her mind before beginning the
work.
The majestic imagery of Chinese paintings is further enhanced by the fact that, unlike Western
artists, the Chinese do not concentrate on linear perspectives. In other words, they do not portray
shadows or accurate depth perceptions.
Chinese paintings are generally in the form of hanging pictures. Chinese culture places a strong
emphasis on the beauty and supremacy of the earth. For this reason, landscape scenes are valued
above all other kinds of paintings because they included everything-nature, man and spirit.
Source: Fred Craden and Cheryl Fleming
(Northport High School)

Did you know that.

Most Chinese landscapes focus on mountains and water with little else to disrupt the impression. In
nearly every landscape, however, there is the presence of at least one human figure. The human images
are seen in such places as walking along a mountain side or simply sitting on a deck. These images are
included in the paintings because the Chinese see people as part of the ever-changing universe and,
thus, the human character should always be viewed as one with nature.

HAN DYNASTY COURT SCENE by anonymous Chinese artists (ca. 50 B.C.-A.D. 50)

Activity 1: LOOKING AT THE PAINTING

1. Study the painting carefully. Who do you think the figures in the painting represent?
Explain your answer. What is happening in the painting? Study the background of the
painting. Does it give a clue to the setting? Why or why not?
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2. What colors are used in the painting? Describe how color is used.
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3. Notice how the figures are related to each other and to the background. Does the
painting give you a sense of depth or distance? Is there a sense of movement in the
scene? Does the painting appear balanced? How does your eye move from one part of
the scene to another? Explain your answers.
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4. Analyze the lines in the painting. How would you describe them? How does the body
language of the figures in relation to one another add to the realism of the scene?
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Activity 2 : A CREATIVE RESPONSE
Using what you have learned about Han painting, create a drawing or painting for
a Han palace or tomb. Use pen and ink, paints, or colored pens in your drawing, and
use themes and the style of painting used during the Han period.

Lesson 4: Indian Art

Indian art may seem overly ornate and sensuous; appreciation of its refinement
comes only gradually, as a rule. Voluptuous feeling is given unusually free expression in
Indian culture. A strong sense of design is also characteristic of Indian art and can be
observed in its modern as well as in its traditional forms.
The vast scope of the art of India intertwines with the cultural history, religions
and philosophies which place art production and patronage in social and cultural
contexts.
Indian art can be classified into specific periods each reflecting particular
religious, political and cultural developments.
Folk and tribal art in India takes on different manifestations through varied
medium such as pottery, metalwork, dhokra art, paper-art, weaving and designing of
objects such as jewelry and toys. Another widely used for writing and printing is the
Indian ink. It has been in use in India since at least the 4th century BC, where it was
called masi, an admixture of several substances. Several ancient Buddhist and Jain
scripts in India were also compiled in ink.
Often puranic gods and legends are transformed into contemporary forms and
familiar images. Fairs, festivals, and local deities play a vital role in these arts.
It is in art where life and creativity are inseparable. The tribal arts have a unique
sensitivity, as the tribal people possess an intense awareness very different from the
settled and urbanized people. Their minds are supple and intense with myth, legends,
snippets from epic, multitudinous gods born out of dream and fantasy. Their art is an
expression of their life and holds their passion and mystery.
Folk art also includes the visual expressions of the wandering nomads. This is
the art of people who are exposed to changing landscapes as they travel over the
valleys and highlands of India. They carry with them the experiences and memories of
different spaces and their art consists of the transient and dynamic pattern of life. The
rural, tribal and arts of the nomads constitute the matrix of folk expression. The folk
spirit has a tremendous role to play in the development of art and in the overall
consciousness of indigenous cultures. The Taj Mahal, the Ajanta and Ellora caves have
become world famous. The Taj Mahal is one of the New Seven Wonders of the World.
Activity 1: Spider Web- copy the picture below into a sheet of paper or make a
printable version. Then fill in the spaces to complete the diagram.

Example of
Indian folk
Arts

Activity 2: Indian Folk Painting

This activity requires you to draw with Indian Ink and a paper stump. The aim of the
activity is to get you to draw flowing lines. You can also draw with pieces of stick,
feathers or even scraps of material.
1. The first thing to do is to make a paper stump by rolling a piece of paper tightly
between your fingers.
2. You could tape it into place for younger hands.

3. Prepare some small jars of Indian Ink mixed with water. Make sure students roll up
their sleeves and wear an apron. Also, have plenty of paper towels at the ready. A good
tip here is to draw onto pieces of wallpaper.
4. Do not draw a pencil outline. The objective is to draw bold
expressive strokes.

5. Build the drawing in stages. Try not to worry too much

about small spillage's or mistakes:
6. Draw the shadows and textures of the mask not just an outline.
7. When the drawing has dried you
can stain it with coffee,
to give the paper an ancient effect.

Lesson 5: Arts and Crafts of Indonesia

What do you know of Indonesian folk arts?
One of the many pleasures of living in
Indonesia is having the opportunity to learn about and collect Indonesian arts and
handicrafts. The diversity evident in Indonesia's 300 plus ethnic groups is reflected in
the diversity of its art forms. Just as every ethnic group throughout the archipelago has
its own language/dialect, cuisine, traditional dress and traditional homes and they have
also developed their own textiles, ornaments, carvings and items for daily use and
special celebrations. The rich cultural heritage of art and handicrafts is one of
Indonesia's true national riches.
Indonesian art forms can include designs traced back to early animistic beliefs,
ancestor worship, Hindu or Buddhist influenced motifs brought by Indian traders,
Chinese or Islamic symbols and beliefs. Foreign influence on Indonesian art forms was
brought about by centuries of exposure to other cultures through trade. Immigrants from
China, India, the Arab world and later Europe traveled to the archipelago in search of
the unique spices grown in Indonesia. These traders settled and brought with them rich
artistic traditions which influenced the development of local art.
Today we can see highly developed art forms
wherever these artisans had patrons in centuries past. One
of the places where this is perhaps most evident is in
Yogyakarta where the Sultan's family has supported batik,
silver, wayang and other artisans for generations. With this
patronage the art forms flourished, resulting in a rich variety
of art forms today.
The rich artistic traditions of Bali, where traditionally
each person must develop skills in a particular art form - be
it dance, music, or visual arts has lead to the creation of a
vibrant artistic community. Foreign artists have been drawn
to Bali for centuries due to this unique cultural synergy.

Handicrafts also developed from the usage of every day household items which
were decorated and used for ceremonial purposes. Witness
the wide variety of uses of natural woods, fibers, bamboo,
rattan and grasses. Natural and chemical dyes, beads and
other natural ornamentation are used to decorate these items,
many of which have developed over time into distinctive art
forms.
Many expats take advantage of the opportunity of living in
Indonesia to learn more about its culture, or to begin a
collection of art objects or handicrafts that they enjoy. We go
through early days of explorations, through the thrills of discovery and learning, to
hunting down particular items you want and acquiring true finds.
Often expats are able to acquire things in Indonesia that they wouldn't have been able
to afford at home where import duties and retail mark-ups make the prices skyrocket. In
addition, the purchase of various handicrafts is often associated with special memories
... wonderful memories of vacations, the tukang and the fun of searching for the right
piece.
Textiles
The diversity in Indonesian textile forms is astounding and is yet
another representation of its rich cultural heritage. Indonesian
textiles include hand drawn and stamped batik, the design of which
takes months to create; double weave ikat from the islands of Nusa
Tenggara, ship cloth from Lampung, silk Bugis sarong from Sulawesi,
gold-painted Balinese prada fabric; shimmering kain songket from
Palembang utilizing silver and gold metallic threads weft in woven
cotton or silk ikat; and Tapis weavings from Lampung.
Wayang -- Puppets
Puppets have been used for centuries in Indonesia to tell the stories of the
ancient epics, the Ramayana and the Mahabarata, as well as ancient myths.
Modern stories also utilize this ancient art form for contemporary audiences.
Puppets fall into two major classifications - wayang kulit - the leather or
shadow puppet of Central Java, and wayang golek - wooden puppets of West
Java. There are several varieties of wooden puppets. Some expats enjoy
collecting the same character by various artisans, or all the characters in a
scene or story, or just characters that strike their fancy. Good guys, bad guys,
gods, demons, nobles, giants, clowns, princes and princesses and monkeys ...
all can be found in traditional puppet forms.
Natural fibers and materials
A wide range of items, both useful and decorative are made from natural fibers
such as pandanus, rattan, bamboo and grasses. Rice spoons, bowls, containers,
woven mats, baskets, lamp shades, boxes, natural paper products and a
multitude of other items are made from natural fibers in Indonesia.
Bamboo, while exotic in the west, is one of the most practical natural plants. The
uses of bamboo in Indonesia are numerous and Indonesians utilize bamboo
extensively for a variety of items including baskets, winnows, cups, buckets,
furniture and woven walls in traditional homes. The fine strands used for fans,
purses, bags, hats, baskets and other items. Larger, thick strips are used for
flower baskets, walls and other items. While bamboo was originally used for
practical items around the house, these have been further developed into new
items which sell well as souvenirs.

Painting as an art form was really developed in the 19th and 20th
century and includes batik paintings, the highly stylized paintings of
Bali which depict village and traditional life as well as modern oils and
acrylics. Famous Indonesian painters such as Raden Saleh, command
high prices on the international market and at auctions in Singapore
and Jakarta.
Musical Instruments
Along with the other arts forms that developed in great diversity
across the archipelago, cultural diversity also lead to the development
of different musical traditions, thus different instruments. Angklung
from West Java, Gamelan from Yogyakarta or Bali, flutes and gongs
from West Java are favorite collectibles of expats.

Source: Expat Web Site Association Jakarta, Indonesia

Activity1:
1. What type of art does Indonesia have?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
2. Identify similarities, differences, and variations among subjects of Indonesian arts to

our indigenous arts.

______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

DEEPEN YOUR UNDERSTANDING

In this phase, you will be given hands on activities in creating examples of Asian and
African art in order to have a thorough understanding of the different genres.

Activity 1: Match to Match

Directions: On the line next to each description, place the letter of the functions listed
below.
___________1. Among the most common
everyday items that are finely designed and
decorated include: furniture; handmade pottery
and baskets of different sizes, shapes and uses;
eating utensils; and dishes.
___________2. These may be made evident
through body adornments like scars; tattoos;
body paint; reshaping of earlobes, lips or necks;
and other accessories like staff, crowns or other
headgear, and weapons.

___________3. Divination varies among

different African cultures. These kinds of art
mediums are used by each diviner from the
simplest animal feathers and bones to the most
intricately detailed artwork.
___________4. Art may seek to bring about a
particular emotion or mood, for the purpose of
relaxing or entertaining the viewer.
___________5. Art allows the individual to
express things toward the world as a whole.
Artists often create art in remote locations that
will never be experienced by another person.
___________6. It addresses aspects of
(collective) life, as opposed to one person's
point of view or experience.

A. Art as a personal adornment

D. Art as a basic household

B. Art as form of entertainment

E. Art as a universal language

C. Art for ritual and ceremonies

F. Art has social functions

Activity 2: Lets Do it!

One of the significant art works of Africa is tribal masks that portray spirit beings,
departed ancestors and invisible power of social control. Its time to create and decorate
your own rendition of traditional African mask.
This is a very exciting project!
Materials:

corrugated cardboard (old cardboard box)

scissors, case cutter or knife
brown paint (poster/tempra paint)
decorator color of paint (any color would work)
raffia, string or wool
OPTIONAL: Paper Mache

Directions:
1. Decide on the design for your project.
2. Check our lessons again for some ideas.
3. Keep in mind that you'll have to cut out the
pieces, so you'll want to make them fairly basic
shapes.
4. Draw the design on a piece of paper (or on
computer software that allows drawing)
5. Freehand draw the facial pieces onto corrugated
cardboard (old boxes).
6. Cut them out
7. If you want some facial pieces to stick out more:
-trace the first piece
-cut the shape out again
-glue the shapes together
-make 2 layers for the mouth and 3 layers for the nose.
8. Freehand draw the shield/mask shape on a large piece of cardboard. Cut it out.
9. Cut out eye holes
-At this point you can just glue all of your pieces together.
10. Or, you can paper mache the project. The Paper Mache will make the craft MUCH
sturdier.
11. Paper mache (2 layers) the shield and all of the face pieces while the mache is still
wet, assemble the face. The wet mache will stick together and hold the pieces in place.
Let dry.
12. Cover with a final layer of scrap white paper mache.
13. Once everything's dry, paint the entire project brown.
14. Decorate with stripes and pokadots in a different color.

15. Poke two holes on one side of the mask (about the center), one on top of the other
about 4 inches apart. Do the same on the other side. A drill or nail/hammer works well
for this.
16. Thread string or wool through the holes, tying in front of the mask. Don't tie it tight -leave a loop in the back as handles.
You can wear the masks and make them come to life with stories and song or use the
masks as wall hanging decorations for parties and events!
Activity 3: Written Report
Directions: Write a 1 page research report in pen or typed and attach it to the mask,
including the following things:
1. What are the purposes of African Masks in general (examples = thanksgiving ,
wedding, war, hunting, praising spirits, calling on ancestors, asking for something, fear)
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
2. What does YOUR mask represent ? (animal, human, spirit ?) Explain why you think
so.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
3. What kind of ceremony do you think your mask would be used in? Explain why you
think so.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

4. What do you think the decorations or special colors mean? Explain why you think so.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

Activity 4: The Art of Paper Folding

You may use any kind of paper to fold the origami dove. It is a little easier if the front
and the back side of the paper is slightly different whether it is in texture or color. Make
sure the paper that you use is a square (all sides are equal and all the angles equal 90
degrees)
4.
1.

Let's start with a paper's back side facing up.

Prepare for a valley-fold along a diagonal line.

2.

Apply two horizontal valley-folds of the step #3.

Prepare to unfold two valley-folds that you
have just applied.

5.

Rotate the paper by 45 degrees in the counterclockwise direction.

Prepare to apply two valley-folds.

Unfold two valley-folds of the step #3.

Prepare to apply two vertical valley-folds.

6.
3.

Apply two vertical valley-folds of the step #5.

Prepare to unfold two valley-folds that you have
just applied.
Apply two valley-folds of the step #2.
Prepare to apply two horizontal valley-folds.

7.

11.

Unfold two valley-folds of the step #6.

Prepare to apply two "inside reverse-folds".
Study the folding technique of "inside reversefold" from the link if you don't know what it is.

8.

Turn the model over.

Prepare to apply a valley-fold.

12.

Apply two "inside reverse-folds" of the step #8.

Prepare to apply a vertical mountain-fold.

9.
Apply the valley-fold of the step #11.
Prepare to rotate the model by 90 degrees in
the clockwise direction.

Apply a vertical mountain-fold of the step #8.

Prepare to apply a valley-fold.

13.

10.

Rotate the model by 90 degrees in the

clockwise direction.
Prepare to apply a valley-fold.
Apply a valley-fold of the step #10.
Prepare to turn the model over.

14.

Apply the valley-fold of the step #13.

Prepare to turn the model over.

17.

Apply the "inside reverse-fold" of the step #16.

Prepare to apply a valley-fold.

15.
18.

Turn the model over.

Prepare for another valley-fold.

16.

Valley-fold according to the step #15.

Prepare to apply an "inside reverse-fold"

Apply the valley-fold of the step #17.

Prepare to turn the model over.

19.

Turn the model over.

Prepare to apply a valley-fold.

20.

Apply the valley-fold of the step #19.

Prepare to apply an "inside reverse-fold" .

Crimp the edge of the feather.

Congratulation!
You have completed making a traditional
origami dove.

21.

Activity 5: Fine Features of Wayang

Kulit
I want to introduce to you
another interesting activity but this from
South East Asia, the Wayang Kulit or
Indonesian Shadow puppet.
Apply the "inside reverse-fold" of the step #20.
Prepare to crimp the edge of the feather

22.

MATERIALS REQUIRED:
- cardstock, poster board, or manila tag
- watercolor or tempera paint
- fine sharpies
- single hole punch or
- paper fasteners
- sticks
- wooden skewer
- string
- gold or silver doilies

Crimp the edge of the feather.

Prepare to turn the origami dove over.

23.

Now traditional puppets are made from animal

skin but we are going to make ours from
cardstock. If you wanted to make the
transparent type you can adapt this project
using a heavy duty transparency sheet.

Turn the origami dove over.

Prepare to crimp the edge of the feather.

24.

You can enlarge the pattern if you wish and

then photocopy directly onto cardstock or if
doing the low tech method, print off the
pattern and then glue this down to your
cardstock or poster board.

Let's add some color....even though you won't

see this in the shadow these puppets are works
of art so let's make them as appealing even
when they are just waiting to be played with.

Paint in the details and then use a fine sharpie

for outlining and definition.

Attach the main part of your puppet to a

skewer.

Use tape.

Cut out all the pieces to your puppet. I wanted

to add some embellishment so I added a piece
of a gold doily.
The doily can also stick out from the puppet as
it casts a great elaborate shadow on its own.

Now the best way to attach the wooden coffee

stir sticks to the arms is by string. You can get
better movement for your puppet.
Here you attach a piece of string to the stir stick
using tape.
You wrap the string around the wrist of the
puppet as tight as you wanted and tied it off.
This enables the stir stick to sideways from the
arm which makes the puppet easier to
manipulate.

Using a single hole punch, press punch or even

tip of a knitting needle punch a hole in all the
little circles on the pattern. You can also add
some extra holes for decoration (look good in
the shadow) Here I added some extra to his
hairstyle.
These are your joints so you can have some
movement in your puppet. Attach some paper
fasteners.
If the ends from the large fasteners are too long
just fold back on itself or you can trim them off
with scissors.

You can add a coat of mod podge to your

puppet so it will last through many
performances!
and that's it!
Congratulation for a wonderful Wayang Kulit!

I will base your grades on several criteria. This will ensure a fair evaluation of your work.
Sample Rubric:
Project Name: ____________________________________
Criteria
Quality of craftsmanship
Relevance of the artwork to
contemporary art and visual culture

(Asian / African)
Time Frame
Personal expression and
creativity
TOTAL
Questions to Answer:

Percentage
40%
30%

Score

10%
20%

100%

1. How do you find the art of paper folding of Japan and wayang kulit of Indonesia?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
2. Can you see aspect of Asian culture in the mediums, style, and content that has been
used in origami and wayang kulit? Explain.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Activity 5: Venn diagram
Directions: Compare Asian Art to the art of Africa. Examine again the types and styles
of the arts you viewed. Copy the picture below onto a sheet of paper or make a
printable version. Then fill in the spaces to complete the diagram.

Similarities

Differences
Asian and African
Art

REMEMBER!
Use the following terms in comparing African and Asian art.
-Elements of Art: line, shape, color, form, texture, space and value
- Principles of Design: unity, emphasis, balance, variety, proportion, harmony,
movement and rhythm.

TRANSFER YOUR UNDERSTANDING

In this phase, you will create an artwork applying understanding of media techniques and processes
used in Asian and African art.

Activity 1: Your Turn!

Expressing Art through Social Networking
Directions: Select Asian or African artworks that you have learned from this module.
Create art crafts that you want to post in your social networking sites. There are many
tools for posting photos of your artwork you can also write out your thoughts on each
piece. Use the tools provided wisely.
I will base your grades on several criteria. This will ensure a fair evaluation for your
work.
Sample Rubric:
Project Name: ____________________________________
Criteria
Quality of craftsmanship
Comprehension of design
principles
(Asian / African)
Time Frame
Ability to learn from
constructive criticism

Percentage
40%
30%

TOTAL

100%

Score

20%
10%

REMEMBER!

Each culture creates its very own, distinct folk art depending on the materials
available, and the intention of creating such objects.
African folk art illustrates the traditions, political systems and spirituality of tribal
villages through crafts created by people without any formal academic training. These
skilled native craftsmen incorporate fine art even with the most primitive conditions that
they are set in. Among their common artworks are yoruba beaded regalia, sande masks
and kente cloth.
Art in Asia has a rich, extensive history. They hold geographical, cultural and
social value and may have religious significance. The Asian world has been profoundly
influenced by the spiritual being and it is reflected in the artwork they produce.

 After finishing this Module how do you feel?

__________________________________
What do you think is your level now? Put a check mark on the circle that
corresponds to your level.

Innovative ( You create your own

original artworks)

Inventive
(You have been experimental and
adventurous)

Technical (You have learned techniques

and styles)

Do you want to know what comes next?

Look for the next module..

References:
http://www.origami-make.com/traditional-origami-dove.php
Expat Web Site Association Jakarta, Indonesia: http://www.expat.or.id
http://en.wikipedia.org
http://www.google.com.ph/
http://www.thatartistwoman.org

KEY TO CORRECTION:
Pre-assessment
Activity 1
1. D
2. D
3. D
4. B
5. B

6. D
7. D
8. C
9. A
10. D

Activity 2 (based on students understanding)

Activity 3

Answers

Answers

Traditional Masks
Plains
Body Art
Jewelries

Ancient Dragon
The Great Wave
Golden Buddha
Cherry Blossom
Lantern
Dancing Dragon

ASIA

AFRICA