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In sociology, deviance describes an action or behavior that violates social norms, including a formally enacted
rule (e.g., crime),[1] as well as informal violations of social norms (e.g., rejecting folkways and mores). It is the
purview of sociologists, psychologists, psychiatrists, and criminologists to study how these norms are created,
how they change over time and how they are enforced.
2. Negative Deviance
Negative Deviance: Behavior that under conforms to accepted norms. Negative deviance is defiance of authority
usually considered to be criminal by most low level bureaucrats who carry guns on the streets. People rioting
against their government would be an example of negative deviance. People say words that are considered taboo
is also negative deviance. This relates to my learning in that it teaches more about deviance and criminality which
is our main focus currently. Positive effects are getting better lives for the next generation since the current one
has been fighting oppression and the other has been learning to commit crime. Negative effects are increase in
violence from both civilians and police.
Positive Deviance
Positive Deviance: over conforms to social expectations. Positive deviance would be people conforming to the
letter so then they act abnormal instead of like human beings. Examples would be people bureaucrats and people
who enforce their society without question. This relates to my learning in how over conforming can be deviant of
norms. Positive effect would be more conforming to norms negatives would be being abnormal because they over
conform
3. Positives:
-- Free-thinking. Lets people do what feels right for them, rather than following a social norm which may or may
not be right for every person.
-- Open-minds/education. Teaches others that not everyone in the world is the same, and that not everyone who is
different is a bad person.
-- Fun. This one is obvious.
Negatives:
-- Intolerance. People who are part of the social norm might try and harm those who aren't.
-- Lack of resources and education. Because of society's limited idea of what is or isn't normal, people who are
"deviant" might think they're "sick" or whatnot, and because of limited resources to help them, and lack of people
with education to help them, the "deviant" might be driven to depression and even suicide.
-- Stagnation of society. Face it, society doesn't want to change, so anything new or different is bound to cause a
ripple in the metaphorical pond.
I hope this helps. Once again, I don't know what you mean by deviant, so I assume you mean things that don't
necessarily harm others but are simply "different" from the norm.
4. Structural strain theory: this refers to the processes at the societal level which filter down and affect how the
individual perceives his or her needs, i.e. if particular social structures are inherently inadequate or there is
inadequate regulation, this may change the individual's perceptions as to means and opportunities; or
Labeling theory is the theory of how the self-identity and behavior of individuals may be determined or
influenced by the terms used to describe or classify them. It is associated with the concepts of self-fulfilling
prophecy and stereotyping. Labeling theory holds that deviance is not inherent to an act, but instead focuses on
the tendency of majorities to negatively label minorities or those seen as deviant from standard cultural norms.
[1]
The theory was prominent during the 1960s and 1970s, and some modified versions of the theory have
developed and are still currently popular. A stigma is defined as a powerfully negative label that changes a
person's self-concept and social identity.

social control theory proposes that exploiting the process of socialization and social learning builds selfcontrol and reduces the inclination to indulge in behavior recognized as antisocial. It derives
from functionalist theories of crime and was developed by Ivan Nye (1958).
differential association is a theory developed by Edwin Sutherland proposing that through interaction with
others, individuals learn the values, attitudes, techniques, and motives for criminal behavior.

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