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mole ( solute )=
n solute
n solute+ n solvent
n solute
x 100
n solute +n solvent
molefraction ( solvent )=
mole ( solvent ) =
molefraction H 2 O=
n solvent
n solute+n solvent
n solvent
x 100
n solute+ n solvent
Sample problem
A solution is prepared by dissolving 25 g of
sodium chloride in 350 mL of water. Calculate the mole
fraction and mole percent of each component.
19.44 moles H 20
0.43 mole NaCl+19.44 mole H 2O
= 0.978 / 0.98
Mole percent H2O = 0.98 x 100 = 98%
To check add the mole percent of NaCl to mole percent
of H2O to get 100% or add the two mole fractions to get
1.0.
F. Molarity
In the laboratory many chemicals are prepared in
terms of molarity. Chemist uses this concentration when
in its important to know the quantity of solute in a given
amount of solution. Molarity (M) is defined as the
number of mole of solute per liter of solution. The
mathematical expression is;
M=
Mole of solute
Liter of solution
Solution
A. Solve for the formula mass of each component.
Formula mass of NaCl (sodium chloride) = (1 x
23) + (1 x34) = 58g/mole
Molecular mass of H2O = 18g/mole
B. Solve for numbers of moles(n) of each
component .
N ( NaCl )=
N (H 2 O)
25 g
=
g
0.43 mole
58
mole
350 g
=19.44 moles
18 g
mole
mass
molecular mass
Example
1. Calculate the morality of the solution that
contains 26.70 g of glucose, C6H12O6 in 150 mL
of solution.
Given:
C6H12O6 = 26.70 grams
Volume of solution = 150 mL = 0.5 L
Required: Molarity (M)
Solution
M=
Mole of solute
Liter of solution
mole C 6 H 12O 6=
26.70 g
=.15 mole
180 g/ mole
M=
.15 mole
=1.0 mole /L or 1.0 M
.150 L
Solution
A. Get the number of mole of solute
N= M x L of solution
=1.2 M x.5L
= .6 Mole
B. Get the mass of solute
Mass of solute = moles of solute x mole mass
= 0.6 mole x 32 g/mole
= 19.2 grams
G. Molality
The molality of solution is expressed as the
number of moles of solute per kilogram of solvent. The
small letter (m) is used to symbolize the concentration.
m=
Mole of solute
kg ofsolvent
moles of AgNO 3=
mole of AgNO 3=
Mass of AgNO 3
formulamass AgNO 3
15 g
170 g / mole
= 0.9 mole
B. Substitute the value in the formula
m=
Moles of solute
kg of solvent
m=
0.9 mole
.2 kg