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Example 2:
An Alternator is supplying a load of 650 kW at a P.F (Power factor) of 0.65. Wha
t size of Capacitor in kVAR is re uired to raise the P.F (Power Factor) to unity
(1)? And how many more kW can the alternator supply for the same kVA loading wh
en P.F improved.
Solution #1 (By Simple Table Method)
Supplying kW = 650 kW
From Table 1, Multiplier to improve PF from 0.65 to unity (1) is 1.169
Re uired Capacitor kVAR to improve P.F from 0.65 to unity (1)
Re uired Capacitor kVAR = kW x Table 1 Multiplier of 65 and 100
= 650kW x 1.169
= 759.85 kVAR
We know that P.F = Cos = kW/kVA . . .or
kVA = kW / Cos
= 650/0.65 = 1000 kVA
When Power Factor is raised to unity (1)
No of kW = kVA x Cos
= 1000 x 1 = 1000kW
Hence increased Power supplied by Alternator
= 10.188 kVAR
Solution # 2 (Classical Calculation Method)
Motor Input = P = V x I x Cos
= 400V x 50A x 0.6
= 12kW
Actual P.F = Cos1 = 0..6
Re uired P.F = Cos2 = 0.90
1 = Cos-1 = (0.60) = 53.13; Tan 1 = Tan (53.13) = 1.3333
2 = Cos-1 = (0.90) = 25.84; Tan 2 = Tan (25.50) = 0.4843
Re uired Capacitor kVAR to improve P.F from 0.60 to 0.90
Re uired Capacitor kVAR = P (Tan 1 - Tan 2)
= 5kW (1.3333 0.4843)
= 10.188 kVAR
(2) To find the re uired capacity of Capacitance in Faradsto improve P.F from 0.
6 to 0.9 (Two Methods)
Solution #1 (Using a Simple Formula)
We have already calculated the re uired Capacity of Capacitor in kVAR, so we can
easily convert it into Farads by using this simple formula
Re uired Capacity of Capacitor in Farads/Microfarads
C = kVAR / (2 f V2) in microfarad
Putting the Values in the above formula
= (10.188kVAR) / (2 x x 50 x 4002)
= 2.0268 x 10-4
= 202.7 x 10-6
= 202.7F
Solution # 2 (Simle Calculation Method)
kVAR = 10.188 (i)
We know that;
IC = V/ XC
Whereas XC = 1 / 2 F C
IC = V / (1 / 2 F C)
IC = V 2 F C
= (400) x 2 x (50) x C
IC = 125663.7 x C
And,
kVAR = (V x IC) / 1000 [kVAR =( V x I)/ 1000 ]
= 400 x 125663.7 x C
IC = 50265.48 x C (ii)
Equating Equation (i) & (ii), we get,
50265.48 x C = 10.188C
C = 10.188 / 50265.48
C = 2.0268 x 10-4
C = 202.7 x 10-6
C = 202.7F
Examle 4
What value of Caacitance must be connected in arallel with a load drawing 1kW
at 70% lagging ower factor from a 208V, 60Hz Source in order to raise the overa
ll ower factor to 91%.
Solution:
You can use either Table method or Simle Calculation method to find the require
d value of Caacitance in Farads or kVAR to imrove Power factor from 0.71 to 0.
97. So I used table method in this case.
P = 1000W
Actual Power factor = Cos1 = 0.71
Desired Power factor = Cos2 = 0.97
From Table, Multiplier to improve PF from 0.71 to 0.97 is 0.783
Re uired Capacitor kVAR to improve P.F from 0.71 to 0.97
Re uired Capacitor kVAR = kW x Table Multiplier of 0.71 and 0.97
= 1kW x 0.783
=783 VAR (re uired Capacitance Value in kVAR)