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MATH QE 4 REVIEWER
Basic Construction
o Perpendicular Line Bisector (steps)
Start by drawing line segment PQ.
Place the compass on one end of the line segment.
Set the compass width to approximately two thirds the line length.
Set the point of the compass on one end & draw an arc above &
below the line.
Again without changing the compass width, do the same on the
other end.
Name the intersection points of the two arcs as point A & B.
Draw a line to connect points A & B The line drawn is
perpendicular and bisects line segment PQ and its midpoint. Name
the midpoint point J.
Draw a line to connect points P & A, Q & A, P & B, and Q & B.
Draw an example:

Complete the congruency statements: APJ ________

_______
o

BPJ

Angle Bisector (steps)

Start by drawing PQR.
Place the compass point on vertex Q.
Adjust the compass to medium wide setting.
Draw an arc intersecting both legs of the angle. Name the point
where the arc intersects PQ as point A and point B along QR
Place the compass on point A and draw an arc in the interior of the
angle.
Without changing the compass previous width, repeat for the other
leg from point B so the two arcs intersect, name this as point C.
Draw a line from vertex Q to point C, the line drawn The line
drawn is the angle bisector.
Connect points A & C and points B & C

Draw an example:

Complete the congruency statement: AQC ________

Triangle Inequalities
o One Triangle
The Triangle Inequality Theorem
The sum of the lengths of any two sides must be greater than
the length of the third side Example: 11in, 12in, 9in / 1mm,
13mm, 13mm
How to find the range of the third side (given the measurement
of two sides) : | a b | < x < a + b
Angle-Side relationships
The biggest angle in a triangle is opposite to the longest side
while the smallest angle in a triangle is opposite to the shortest
side.
The sum of all angles of the triangle is 180.
o Two Triangles
SAS (Side-Angle-Side) Inequality or the Hinge Theorem
If two sides of one triangle are congruent to two sides of
another triangle and the included angle of the first triangle is
larger than the included angle of the second triangle, then the
third side of the first triangle is longer than the third side of the
second triangle.
SSS (Side-Side-S
ide) Inequality or the Converse of the Hinge Theorem
If two sides of one triangle are congruent to two sides of
another triangle, and the third side of the first triangle is longer
than the third side of the second triangle, then the angle
opposite the third side of the first triangle (the included angle)
is larger than the angle opposite the third side of the second
triangle.
Ratio and Proportions
o Ratio is the comparison of two or more numbers
3:5, 3 to 5, 3/5
o Proportion is an equation that states that two ratios are equal.
The Fundamental Law of Proportions: the product of the means
(numbers inside) and the extremes (numbers outside) must be
equal.
3:5 = 6:10 -> means; (5)(6)=30, extremes; (3)(10)=30
o Scale Factor is the ratio of two corresponding sides.
Similar Polygons
o CONGRUENCE VS. SIMILARITY
Congruence is having equal measurements while Similarity is
having the same shape but different sizes.
All congruent polygons are similar but not all similar polygons are
congruent.
Similar Triangles
o Triangles that are proportionally the same in size.

AA (Angle-Angle) Similarity Theorem

If two angles of one triangle are congruent to two angles of
another triangle, then the two triangles are similar.
o SAS (Side-Angle-Side) Similarity Theorem
If one angle of one triangle is congruent to one angle of another
triangle and the sides of the two triangles are in proportion, then
the two triangles are similar.
o SSS (Side-Side-Side) Similarity Theorem
If the two sides of a triangle are in proportion with two sides of
another triangle, then the two triangles are similar.
o Basic Proportionality Theorem
A line divides a triangle to two equal triangles.
Quadrilaterals
o Polygons with four sides and four vertices, not necessary to be parallel.
o The sum of all angles in a quadrilateral is 360.
o A Parallelogram is a type of quadrilateral with two pairs of parallel
sides.
Rectangle: a parallelogram with four right angles
Rhombus: a parallelogram with four congruent sides and opposite
angles
Square: a parallelogram with four right angles and four congruent
sides.
o A Trapezoid is a type of quadrilateral with one pair of parallel sides
o A Kite is a type of quadrilateral with no parallel sides but has two pairs
of adjacent congruent sides.
Properties of a Parallelogram
o Opposite sides are congruent.
o Opposite angles are congruent and adjacent angles are supplementary.
o Diagonals bisect each other and are perpendicular.
o Two congruent triangles are formed by a diagonal bisector.
Properties of Special Parallelograms
o Rectangle
Opposite sides are congruent and parallel.
Each diagonal bisects the rectangle to two congruent triangles
Opposite angles are congruent and consecutive angles are
supplementary.
Angles are 90 degrees and bisecting angles are congruent.
o Rhombus
Opposite sides are congruent.
Opposite angles are congruent and adjacent angles are
supplementary.
Diagonals bisect each other and are perpendicular.
Each diagonal bisects a pair of opposite angles.
o Chart: going down its own branch is sometimes true, going up its own
branch is always true, and going to a different branch is never true |
squares are the only exception.
o

Quadrilateral
s

Trapezoid

Parallelogram

Rectangl
e

Rhombu
s
Square

Kite