LABORATORY WORK GENERAL NOTES

HYDRAULIC MACHINERY MHM 301

Three compulsory laboratorial experiments will be conducted during the course

of the semester:

Performance of Pumps Connected in Series and Parallel

Performance of Impulse Turbine
Performance of Reaction Turbine

Objectives
Attendance and participation in laboratory sessions and submission of an
individual report is compulsory.
Improve students engineering skills, especially in experimentation, report writing
and critical observation of equipment.
Important
NO MARKS WILL BE GIVEN TO REPORTS OR SECTION OF REPORTS,
WHICH HAVE BEEN COPIED OR APPEAR TO HAVE BEEN COPIED.
MARKS CANNOT BE GIVEN FOR A REPORT IF THE STUDENT FAILED TO
ATTEND THE LABORATORY
MARKS CANNOT BE CARRIED OVER FROM PREVIOUS SEMESTERS.
Students will be divided in groups and each group is going to have specific day
and time slot and will be done under the supervision of the Technician or
Lecturer.
Safety precautions
The equipment in the laboratory is potentially dangerous; therefore students
must ensure that they are not under the influence of any type of drugs, and
behave responsibly.
For the laboratorial work students should wear suitable shoes, as due to some
leaking the floor of the laboratory may get wet

Preliminary
Each group will only be allocated up to 50 minutes on the apparatus to complete
one experiment.
No late entrance in Lab venue will be accepted.
Students are expected to study these instructions a few days prior the
experiment.
It may take a few attempts before the equipment operates properly. Remember a
fluid has considerable inertia; therefore after making an adjustment, it is
important to wait for the equipment to return to equilibrium (patience is essential).
Reports usually take longer that expected; therefore you should start work on
your report as soon as possible after completing the experiment.
Reports
Each student must submit an individual comprehensive report within 1 weeks
of doing the experiment.
No late submissions will be accepted.
All the items listed under mark allocation are important.
Include in the report whatever calculations you think are necessary to meet
objectives.
In recommendations include a description of any changes or improvements to
the apparatus and/ or procedure that you may suggest.
Mark Allocation
Marks only for 1st Experiment will be allocated approximately as follows:
Title page, Table of content, Nomenclature, References
20%
Aim of the experiment
5%
Apparatus used (description with indications), Background theory and Hydraulic
circuit diagram/graph
10%
Reading taken/measured during the experiment and Calculations (arranged in
tables)
30%
Discussion, Conclusion, Recommendation
25%
Report layout/neatness, Accuracy/correctness, originality
10%

1st EXPERIMENT PERFORMANCE OF PUMPS CONNECTED IN SERIES

AND PARALLEL
OBJECTIVES
Learn how to produce characteristics curves from experimental data for a single
pump, pumps in series and pumps in parallel
VENUE
Fluid Mechanics Laboratory Room G 305.
APPARATUS USED
Two identical pumps fitted in a system and a hydraulic bench. The valves on
apparatus are open when the handle of the valve is parallel to the pipes
connected to the valve and closed when the handle is perpendicular to the pipes
connected to the valve.
METHOD SUGGESTED
Connect the apparatus by plugged into a wall socket to begin the experiment.
1. Study the apparatus and decide on the valve positions required for the
various parts of the experiment.
2. Decide what each team member will do during experiment.
3. Put valves in the correct position for one of the pumps to run alone.
4. Set the speed of the pump to a reasonable value (e.g. 40 rpm).
5. Take all possible readings.
6. Increase the speed of the pump and repeat step 5.
7. Continue until the flow rate exceeds the capacity of the weir.
8. Connect the two pumps in either parallel series.
9. Repeat step 3 to 7.
10. Connect the two pumps in whichever way has not yet been done.
11. Repeat steps 3 to 7.
12. Examine the apparatus critically to find ways in which it could be
improved.
13. Draw pump curves for one pump, parallel and series combination.
14. Comment on the relationship between the curves.

REPORT
Performance of pumps connected in series and parallel

(Surname & Initials.)

..
(Student. Number)

Objective

Apparatus

Procedure

Readings taken:
Experi
ment
no
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

Single pump
Pressure
(bar)

Flow rate
( l/min)

Pumps in series
Pressure
(bar)

Flow rate (
l/min)

Pumps in parallel
Pressure
(bar)

Flow rate
( l/min)

Calculations: Equations used

p
g

where H pgExperi
ment
no

Single pump
Head (m)

Flow rate
( m3 /s)

Pumps in series
(Q = constant)
Flow rate
Head (m)
( m3 /s))

Pumps in parallel
(H = constant)
Flow rate
Head (m)
( m3 /s))

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Graphs
(Attach graphs in the Appendix, use Excel for graph plotting)
Discussion:

Conclusions

References (Include documentation used for references in the Appendix section)

Appendix:

REPORT
Reaction Turbine Performance

(Surname, Init.)

..
(Stud. Number)

Objective

Apparatus

Procedure

Reading taken:
Experime
nt no
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

Rotational
speed
(rpm)

Pump inlet
pressure
(k Pa)

Volume
flow rate
(l / min)

Force
(N)

Calculations:
Equations used

wp gQH
Experime
nt no

Pump inlet
head
H (m)

p
g

T F r ;

Torque
T (N.m)

r= 0.045 m

Angular
speed
(rad/s)

bhp
(W)

2N
60

bhp T

Water hp
(W)

Efficiency
(%)

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Graphs
(Attach graphs ( H, bhp,T &) in the Appendix, use Excel for graph plotting)
Discussion:

Conclusions

References (Include documentation used for references in the Appendix section)

Appendix:

REPORT

Impulse Turbine Performance

(Surname, Init.)

..
(Stud. Number)

Objective

Apparatus

Procedure

Reading taken:
Experime
nt no
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

Rotational
speed
(rpm)

Pump inlet
pressure
(k Pa)

Volume
flow rate
(l / min)

Force
(N)

Calculations:
Equations used

wp gQH
Experime
nt no

Pump inlet
head
H (m)

p
g

T F r ;

Torque
T (N.m)

r= 0.045 m

Angular
speed
(rad/s)

bhp
(W)

2N
60

bhp T

Water hp
(W)

Efficiency
(%)

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Graphs
(Attach graphs ( H, bhp,T &) in the Appendix, use Excel for graph plotting)
Discussion:

Conclusions

References (Include documentation used for references in the Appendix section)

Appendix: