Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
address with the subnet mask extracts the complete subnetwork address (see example
below).
Subnet masks are not limited to whole octets, either. For example 255.254.0.0 (or /15) is
also a valid mask. Applied to a class A address this would create 128 subnetworks in
intervals of two (1.2.0.1 - 1.3.255.254, 1.4.0.1 - 1.5.255.254, etc).
[edit]
Example
Having the IP address 12.11.10.9 with a class A subnet mask of 255.254.0.0 (the same
as 12.11.10.9/15) says:
Host address 12.11.10.9 Decimal => 00001100 00001011 00001010 00001001 Binary.
The first bit is zero, therefore we have a class A network with the network address
12.0.0.0 (see classful network).
Subnet mask 255.254.0.0 Decimal => 11111111 11111110 00000000 00000000 Binary.
The subnet mask extends the network address by 7 more bits (254). Thus we have a
subnet number of 10 and an extended network address of 12.10.0.0 (decimal) =
00001100 00001010 00000000 00000000 (binary) (Bitwise AND of 12.11.10.9 with
255.254.0.0).
The remaining host part is 0.1.10.9 Decimal => 00000000 00000001 00001010
00001001 Binary.
Determining the number of hosts and subnets on a particular network is quite easy, if
you know the subnet mask. Say you have the network address 204.4.32.0 with a subnet
mask of 255.255.224.0. This network address can also be written as 204.4.32.0/19
Network address 204.4.32.0 Decimal => 11001100.00000100.00100000.00000000
Binary
Subnet mask 255.255.224.0 Decimal => 11111111.11111111.11100000.00000000
Binary
The subnet mask has 19 bits for the network portion of the address, and 13 bits for the
host part.
23 = 8 possible subnets available according to RFC 1812, otherwise using the old RFC
950 standard the number of usable subnets is 6. This is due to RFC 950 not supporting
subnets with either all 1's or all 0's.
213 2 = 8190 possible hosts available to each subnet.
Class A
0. 0. 0. 0
= 00000000.00000000.00000000.00000000
127.255.255.255 = 01111111.11111111.11111111.11111111
0nnnnnnn.hhhhhhhh.hhhhhhhh.hhhhhhhh
Class B
128 .0. 0. 0
= 10000000.00000000.00000000.00000000
191.255.255.255 = 10111111.11111111.11111111.11111111
10nnnnnn.nnnnnnnn.hhhhhhhh.hhhhhhhh
Class C
192. 0. 0. 0
= 11000000.00000000.00000000.00000000
223.255.255.225 = 11011111.11111111.11111111.11111111
110nnnnn.nnnnnnnn.nnnnnnnn.hhhhhhhh
Class D
224. 0. 0. 0
= 11100000.00000000.00000000.00000000
239.255.255.255 = 11101111.11111111.11111111.11111111
1110XXXX.XXXXXXXX.XXXXXXXX.XXXXXXXX
Class E
240. 0. 0. 0
= 11110000.00000000.00000000.00000000
255.255.255.255 = 11111111.11111111.11111111.11111111
1111XXXX.XXXXXXXX.XXXXXXXX.XXXXXXXX