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Inumerable, Myzhel S.

3C PH

TOP 10 LEADING CAUSES OF MORBIDITY WORLDWIDE

1. ACUTE LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTION (RTI) & PNEUMONIA

- Are the illnesses caused by an acute infection which involves the upper respiratory
tract: nose, sinuses, larynx, pharynx
2. BRONCHITIS/BRONCHIOLITIS
- Bronchitis is an inflammation of the mucous membranes of the bronchi.
- Acute bronchitis is characterized by the development of a cough or small
sensation in the back of the throat, with or without the production of sputum
(mucus that is expelled)
- Chronic bronchitis, is characterized by the presence of a productive cough that
lasts for three months or more per year for at least two years.
3. ACUTE WATERY DIARRHEA
- Diarrhea is the condition of having three or more loose or liquid bowel
movements per day. The most common cause is gastroenteritis.
4. INFLUENZA
- Influenza, commonly referred to as the flu, is an infectious disease caused by
RNA viruses of the family Orthomyxoviridae (the influenza viruses), that affects
birds and mammals.
5. HYPERTENSION
- Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is a common condition that will catch up
with most people who live into older age. Blood pressure is the force of blood
pressing against the walls of your arteries. When it's too high, it raises the heart's
workload and can cause serious damage to the arteries. Over time, uncontrolled
high blood pressure increases the risk of heart disease, stroke, and kidney disease.
6. TUBERCULOSIS/RESPIRATORY
- Tuberculosis (TB) is a potentially serious infectious disease that mainly affects
your lungs. The bacteria that cause tuberculosis are spread from one person to
another through tiny droplets released into the air via coughs and sneezes.
7. CHICKENPOX
- Chickenpox (varicella) is a common illness that causes an itchy rash and red spots
or blisters (pox) all over the body. It is most common in children, but most people
will get chickenpox at some point in their lives if they have not had the
chickenpox vaccine.
- Chickenpox is caused by the varicella-zoster virus. It can spread easily. You can
get it from an infected person who sneezes, coughs, or shares food or drinks. You
can also get it if you touch the fluid from a chickenpox blister.
8. DISEASES OF THE HEART

Cardiovascular disease (also called heart disease) is a class of diseases that

involve the heart, the blood vessels (arteries, capillaries, and veins) or both.
- Cardiovascular disease refers to any disease that affects the cardiovascular
system, principally cardiac disease, vascular diseases of the brain and kidney, and
peripheral arterial disease
- The causes of cardiovascular disease are diverse but atherosclerosis and/or
hypertension are the most common.
- Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of deaths worldwide, though since the
1970s, cardiovascular mortality rates have declined in many high-income
countries
9. MALARIA
- Malaria is a mosquito-borne disease caused by a parasite.
- People who get malaria are typically very sick and may die.
10. DENGUE FEVER
- Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral infection. The infection causes flu-like illness,
and occasionally develops into a potentially lethal complication called severe
dengue.
- Dengue Fever (DF) or Dengue Hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is an illnesses not new
in our country. It is a disease that continues to scare us every time one develops
fever especially during the rainy months. Although it has been known to be more
common during the rainy season, it has become an all-year round disease because
of the unpredictable rains we experience even during the non-rainy months. This
dreaded febrile illness affects infants, young children and adults of all walks of
life. Presently, there is still no specific treatment for dengue.

TOP 10 LEADING CAUSES OF MORTALITY WORLDWIDE

1. DISEASES OF THE HEART

- Heart disease is a broad term used to describe a range of diseases that affect your
heart. The various diseases that fall under the umbrella of heart disease include
diseases of your blood vessels, such as coronary artery disease; heart rhythm
problems (arrhythmias); heart infections; and heart defects you're born with
(congenital heart defects).
- The term "heart disease" is often used interchangeably with "cardiovascular
disease." Cardiovascular disease generally refers to conditions that involve
narrowed or blocked blood vessels that can lead to a heart attack, chest pain
(angina) or stroke. Other heart conditions, such as infections and conditions that
affect your heart's muscle, valves or beating rhythm, also are considered forms of
heart disease.
2. DISEASES OF THE VASCULAR SYSTEM

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Cardiovascular disease or cardiovascular diseases refers to the class of diseases

that involve the heart or blood vessels (arteries and veins).
- The term 'cardiovascular disease' is used to cover a group of problems related to
the heart or the body's overall circulatory system. These problems include heart
attacks, strokes, arrythmias, congestive heart failure, ischemia, hypertension,
angina, and other dysfunctions. For the sake of brevity, this article will focus on
heart disease and its prevention. The reason for concentrating on heart disease is
simple. Someone in the United States dies every minute from a heart attack
MALIGNANT NEOPLASMS
- Any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell
division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or
the blood stream. In general, tumors occur when cells divide excessively in the
body. Typically, cell division is strictly controlled. New cells are created to
replace older ones or to perform new functions. Cells that are damaged or no
longer needed die to make room for healthy replacements.
PNEUMONIA
- Is a form of acute respiratory infection that affects the lungs. Alveoli are filled
with pus and fluid, which makes breathing painful and limits oxygen intake.
- Pneumonia kills an estimated 1.2 million children under the age of five years
every year more than AIDS, malaria and tuberculosis combined.
ACCIDENTS
- unforeseen and unplanned event or circumstance, often with lack of intention or
necessity.
- Deaths per 100,000 population: 39.1%
TUBERCULOSIS, ALL FORMS
- Is a common, and in many cases lethal, infectious disease caused by various
strains. Tuberculosis typically attacks the lungs, but can also affect other parts of
the body. It is spread through the air.
- Over 95% of TB deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries, and it is
among the top three cause of death for women aged 15 to 44.
CHRONIC LOWER RESPIRATORY DISEASE
- Chronic Lower Respiratory Disease (CLRD) is a serious illness affecting millions
of people. Currently the fourth leading cause of death in the United States, CLRD
has been one of the leading causes of death in the world since 2000 and is
projected to move into third place worldwide by 2020. While mortality rates for
the top two leading causes of death in the state and nation, heart disease and
cancer, respectively, are decreasing, deaths from CLRD continue to rise.
DIABETES MELLITUS
- Diabetes can be caused by too little insulin (a hormone produced by the pancreas
to control blood sugar), resistance to insulin, or both. Diabetes is a chronic
condition. DM exhibits wide geographic variation in incidence and prevalence
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder caused by an absolute or
relative deficiency of insulin, an anabolic hormone.
NEPHRITIS, NEPHROTIC SYNDROME AND NEPHROSIS

Is caused by various disorders that damage the kidneys, particularly the basement
membrane of the glomerulus. This immediately causes abnormal excretion of
protein in the urine. The most common cause in children is minimal change
disease, while membranous glomerulonephritis is the most common cause in
adults.
10. CERTAIN CONDITIONS ORIGINATING IN THE PERINATAL PERIOD
- Perinatal infections include bacterial or viral illnesses that can be passed from a
mother to her baby either while the baby is still in the uterus, during the delivery
process, or shortly after birth. Maternal infection can, in some cases, cause
complications at birth. The mother may or may not experience active symptoms
of the infection during the pregnancy. It is important to note that men can become
infected and can transmit many of these infections to other women. The sexual
partners of women who have these infections also should seek medical treatment.

REFERENCE:
San Juan, V. (2013). Top 10 leading causes of morbidity and mortality [Powerpoint slides]
Retrieved
from
https://prezi.com/tlszxz7hnprx/top-10-leading-causes-of-morbidity-andmortality/