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Methanol
#TEC002B
Technology Economics
Propylene Production from Methanol
2013
Abstract
Propylene has established itself as the second major member of the global olefins business, only after ethylene. Globally, the
largest volume of propylene is generated as by-product in steam crackers and through the fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) process.
With ethane prices falling in the USA, due to the exploration of shale gas reserves, the low price ethylene produced from this raw
material has given chemical producers in North America a feedstock advantage. Such change has put naphtha-fed steam crackers
at a disadvantageous position, with many of them shutting down or revamping to use ethane as feedstock. Nevertheless, the
propylene output rates from ethane-fed crackers are negligible. The result is a tight propylene market.
For this reason, new and novel lower-cost chemical processes for on-purpose propylene production technologies are of high
interest to the petrochemical marketplace. Such processes include: Metathesis, Propane Dehydrogenation (PDH), Methanol-toOlefins/Methanol-to-Propylene (MTO/MTP), High Severity FCC, and Olefins Cracking. Among those, MTO/MTP and PDH stand out
due to the use of low-cost raw materials. The main raw material used in the MTP process is methanol that is produced from
synthesis gas which, in turn, can be obtained in large-scale from natural gas or coal. Natural gas extracted from shale gas has
become the fastest-growing source of gas in the USA, while China possesses large reserves of coal, making both countries
competitive when comparing to others with high-cost feedstock.
In this report, the production of propylene from methanol (MTP) is reviewed. Included in the analysis is an overview of the
technology and economics of a process similar to the Lurgi MTP and JGC/Mitsubishi DTP processes. Both the capital investment
and the operating costs are presented for a plant constructed in the US Gulf Coast and China.
The economic analysis presented in this report is based upon a plant fully integrated with a petrochemical complex and capable
of producing 557 kta of polymer-grade propylene. The estimated CAPEX for such a plant in US Gulf Coast is about USD 380 million.
China is the most attractive place to start-up a MTP plant, which justifies the fact that the only two existing MTP plants are located
in China. However, with the advent of shale gas in the USA, natural gas prices are low, favoring the construction of a MTP plant
also in the country. This fact is proved by the calculated internal rate of return of above 25% per year in both regions.
Copyrights 2013 by Intratec Solutions LLC. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America.
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What is the process? What equipment is
necessary?
What are the raw materials and utilities
consumptions?
What are the operating and capital
expenses?
In which locations is this technology more
profitable?
Each new assignment comprises of a study
structured like this publication, valuable
spreadsheets and broad support.
ii
Contents
About this Study .............................................................................................................................................................. 8
Object of Study.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................8
Analysis Performed ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................8
Construction Scenarios ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................8
Location Basis ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................9
Design Conditions......................................................................................................................................................................................................................9
Technical Analysis......................................................................................................................................................... 14
Chemistry.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................14
Raw Material ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................14
Technology Overview...........................................................................................................................................................................................................16
Detailed Process Description & Conceptual Flow Diagram.......................................................................................................................17
Area 100: Reaction & Regeneration................................................................................................................................................................................17
Area 200: Quench & Compression ..................................................................................................................................................................................18
Area 300: Product Fractionation.......................................................................................................................................................................................18
Key Consumptions ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 19
Technical Assumptions ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 19
Labor Requirements.................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 19
References....................................................................................................................................................................... 41
Acronyms, Legends & Observations....................................................................................................................... 42
Technology Economics Methodology................................................................................................................... 43
Introduction.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................43
Workflow........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................43
Capital & Operating Cost Estimates ............................................................................................................................................................................45
ISBL Investment............................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 45
OSBL Investment ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 45
Working Capital............................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 46
Start-up Expenses ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 46
Other Capital Expenses ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................47
Manufacturing Costs................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 47
Contingencies ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................47
Accuracy of Economic Estimates..................................................................................................................................................................................48
Location Factor..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................48
List of Tables
Table 1 Construction Scenarios Assumptions (Based on Degree of Integration) ......................................................................................9
Table 2 Location & Pricing Basis ....................................................................................................................................................................................................9
Table 3 General Design Assumptions .......................................................................................................................................................................................9
Table 4 Major Propylene Consumers......................................................................................................................................................................................10
Table 5 - Raw Materials & Utilities Consumption (per ton of product)................................................................................................................19
Table 6 Design & Simulation Assumptions.........................................................................................................................................................................19
Table 7 Labor Requirements for a Typical Plant..............................................................................................................................................................19
Table 8 Main Streams Operating Conditions and Composition..........................................................................................................................23
Table 9 Inside Battery Limits Major Equipment List......................................................................................................................................................23
Table 10 - Outside Battery Limits Major Equipment List ...............................................................................................................................................27
Table 11 Base Case General Assumptions...........................................................................................................................................................................29
Table 12 - Bare Equipment Cost per Area (USD Thousands)......................................................................................................................................30
Table 13 Total Fixed Investment Breakdown (USD Thousands) ..........................................................................................................................30
Table 14 Working Capital (USD Million) ................................................................................................................................................................................33
Table 15 Other Capital Expenses (USD Million) ...............................................................................................................................................................34
Table 16 CAPEX (USD Million)......................................................................................................................................................................................................34
Table 17 Manufacturing Fixed Cost (USD/ton) ................................................................................................................................................................34
Table 18 Manufacturing Variable Cost (USD/ton)..........................................................................................................................................................35
Table 19 OPEX (USD/ton)................................................................................................................................................................................................................35
Table 20 Technology Economics Datasheet: Propylene Production from Methanol on the US Gulf Coast.......................37
Table 21 Technology Economics Datasheet: Propylene Production from Methanol in China ....................................................40
Table 22 Project Contingency......................................................................................................................................................................................................47
Table 23 Criteria Description.........................................................................................................................................................................................................47
Table 24 Accuracy of Economic Estimates .........................................................................................................................................................................48
Table 25 Detailed Material Balance & Streams Properties........................................................................................................................................50
Table 26 Utilities Consumption Breakdown ......................................................................................................................................................................55
Table 27 Assumptions for CO2e Emissions Calculation.............................................................................................................................................56
Table 28 CO2e Emissions (ton/ton prod.)............................................................................................................................................................................56
Table 29 Compressors .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................57
Table 30 Heat Exchangers ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................57
Table 31 Pumps......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................61
Table 32 Columns.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................62
5
List of Figures
Figure 1 Construction Scenarios Assumptions (Based on Degree of Integrations) ..................................................................................8
Figure 2 Propylene from Multiple Sources .........................................................................................................................................................................12
Figure 3 MTP Reaction Diagram.................................................................................................................................................................................................14
Figure 4 US Natural Gas Production History and Forecast (Trillion Cubic Feet)........................................................................................15
Figure 5 Process Block Flow Diagram.....................................................................................................................................................................................16
Figure 6 Inside Battery Limits Conceptual Process Flow Diagram.....................................................................................................................20
Figure 7 MTP Integrated with FCC/Naphtha Cracker Units ....................................................................................................................................28
Figure 8 Project Implementation Schedule.......................................................................................................................................................................29
Figure 9 Total Direct Cost of Different Integration Scenarios (USD Thousands) ......................................................................................32
Figure 10 Total Fixed Investment of Different Integration Scenarios (USD Thousands) ....................................................................32
Figure 11 Total Fixed Investment Validation (USD Million).....................................................................................................................................33
Figure 12 OPEX and Product Sales History (USD/ton) ................................................................................................................................................36
Figure 13 EBITDA Margin & IP Indicators History Comparison..............................................................................................................................36
Figure 14 CAPEX per Location (USD Million).....................................................................................................................................................................38
Figure 15 Operating Costs Breakdown per Location (USD/ton) .........................................................................................................................39
Figure 16 Methodology Flowchart...........................................................................................................................................................................................44
Figure 17 Location Factor Composition...............................................................................................................................................................................49
Figure 18 ISBL Direct Costs Breakdown by Equipment Type (Base Case).....................................................................................................66
Figure 19 OSBL Direct Costs by Equipment Type (Base Case) ..............................................................................................................................66
Analysis Performed
Construction Scenarios
Object of Study
This assignment assesses the economic feasibility of an
industrial unit for propylene production from methanol,
implementing technology similar to the Lurgi MTP and
JGC/Mitsubishi DTP processes.
The current assessment is based on economic data
gathered on Q3 2011 and a chemical plants nominal
capacity of 557 kta (thousand metric tons per year).
Non-Integrated
Products Storage
Products Storage
ISBL Unit
ISBL Unit
Raw Materials
Partially Integrated
Petrochemical Complex
Fully Integrated
Products
Consumer
Petrochemical
Complex
Products Consumer
Products Consumer
Products Storage
ISBL Unit
ISBL Unit
Raw Materials
ISBL Unit
ISBL Unit
Raw Materials
RawStorage
Materials
Storage
Provider
Raw Materials
Storage
Provider
Raw Materials
Provider
Grassroots unit
Most infrastructure
is already
installed
Petrochemical
Complex
Storage Capacity
20 days of operation
20 days of operation
Not included
20 days of operation
Not included
Not included
All
All
maintenance shops,
(Area 900)
warehouses
Location Basis
Design Conditions
The process analysis is based on rigorous simulation models
developed on Aspentech Aspen Plus and Hysys, which
support the design of the chemical process, equipment and
OSBL facilities.
The design assumptions employed are depicted in Table 3.
24 C
11 C
28 bar abs
11 bar abs
7 bar abs
Refrigerant (Propylene)
-45 C
25 C
Study Background
About Propylene
Introduction
Propylene is an unsaturated organic compound having the
chemical formula C3H6. It has one double bond, is the
second simplest member of the alkene class of
hydrocarbons, and is also second in natural abundance.
Propylene 2D structure
Propylene is produced primarily as a by-product of
petroleum refining and of ethylene production by steam
cracking of hydrocarbon feedstocks. Also, it can be
produced in an on-purpose reaction (for example, in
propane dehydrogenation, metathesis or syngas-to-olefins
plants). It is a major industrial chemical intermediate that
serves as one of the building blocks for an array of chemical
and plastic products, and was also the first petrochemical
employed on an industrial scale.
Commercial propylene is a colorless, low-boiling,
flammable, and highly volatile gas. Propylene is traded
commercially in three grades:
Polymer Grade (PG): min. 99.5% of purity.
Applications
10
Acrylonitrile
Propylene oxide
Oxo-alcohols
Coatings, plasticizers
Cumene
Acrylic acid
Manufacturing Alternatives
11
Naphtha
NGL
Steam Cracker
Gas Oil
RG Propylene
Propane
PDH
Ethylene/
Butenes
Metathesis
Methanol
MTO/MTP
Gas Oil
12
C4 to C8
Olefins
Olefins Cracking
CG/PG Propylene
13
Technical Analysis
Chemistry
The process of converting methanol into propylene can be
put in simpler form by splitting it into two reactions. The
first reaction, which occurs in a pre-reactor (DME reactor),
partially converts methanol into dimethyl-ether (DME) and
following equation shows the reaction:
Methanol
DME
Water
DME
C2-C8 Olefins
Raw Material
As previously explained, the raw material for the production
of propylene via MTP is methanol.
Methanol, CH3OH, also termed methyl alcohol or carbinol, is
one of the most important chemical raw materials. About
85% of the methanol produced is used in the chemical
industry as a starting material or solvent for synthesis. The
remainder is used in the fuel and energy sector.
Consumed
Generated
Methanol / DME
C2
C3
C4 and C5
C6+
14
Saturated Naphthenes
Aromatics
Paraffins
Water
Non-associated onshore
Coalbed methane
Alaska
Non-associated offshore
Tight gas
Shale gas
History
Forecast
25
20
15
10
0
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035
15
Technology Overview
The MTP technology is based on the efficient combination
of two main features:
Fixed-bed reactor system, selected as the most suitable
reaction system from a technological and economic
point of view;
Highly selective and stable zeolite-based fixed-bed
catalyst commercially manufactured.
In the process, methanol fed to the MTP plant is first
converted to DME and water in a DME pre-reactor. Using a
highly active and selective catalyst, thermodynamic
equilibrium is achieved, resulting in the methanol-waterDME mixture at appropriate operating conditions.
Hydrocarbon recycle and steam generated from water
recycle are added to this mixture before it enters the first
MTP reactor of the multi-stage adiabatic reactor system.
The methanol/DME conversion rate exceeds 99%, with
propylene as the essential compound. Additional reaction
proceeds in the downstream reactor stages.
The product mixture leaving the reactor system consists of
product gas, organic liquid and water. This mixture is
cooled and compressed.
Olefins Recycle
Methanol
16
Area 200
Quench &
Compression
Area 100
Reaction
Fuel Gas
PG Propylene
Area 300
Fractionation
LPG
Gasoline
Water Recycle
Water
17
18
Key Consumptions
Labor Requirements
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
C4 and C5
Hydrocarbons
from FCC or
Naphtha Cracker
Hydrogenation
Reactor
DME
Fuel Gas
PG Propylene
MTP Reactor
Recycled Olefins
28
Quenching,
Compression &
Fractionation
LPG
Gasoline
Water
Economic Analysis
General Assumptions
The general assumptions for the base case of this analysis
are outlined below.
29
Project Implementation
Schedule
Capital Expenditures
Fixed Investment
Table 12 shows the bare equipment cost associated with
each area of the project.
30
31
32
Working Capital
Working capital, described in Table 14, is another significant
investment requirement. It is needed to meet the costs of
labor; maintenance; purchase, storage, and inventory of
field materials; and storage and sales of product(s).
Assumptions for working capital calculations are found in
Appendix F. Economic Assumptions.
33
Manufacturing Costs
Operational Expenditures
34
Economic Datasheet
Historical Analysis
35
36
37
38
Operational Expenses
Specific regional conditions influence prices for raw
materials, utilities and products. Such differences are thus
reflected in the operating costs. An OPEX breakdown
structure for the different locations approached in this study
is presented in Figure 15.
Economic Datasheet
The Technology Economic Datasheet, presented in Table
21, is an overall evaluation of the technology's capital
investment and production costs in the alternative location
analyzed in this study.
39
40
Intratec | References
References
41
MTO: Methanol-to-Olefins
MTP: Methanol-to-Propylene
NGL: Natural gas liquids
RF: Refrigerant (Flowsheet) or Refrigeration Unit (e.g., RF801 would denote an equipment tag)
DME: Dimethyl-ether
MTG: Methanol-to-Gasoline
C2=, C3=, ... Cn=: Alkenes with "n" number of carbon atoms
42
ST: Steam
Introduction
The same general approach is used in the development of
all Technology Economics assignments. To know more
about Intratecs methodology, see Figure 16.
While based on the same methodology, all Technology
Economics studies present uniform analyses with identical
structures, containing the same chapters and similar tables
and charts. This provides confidence to everyone interested
in Intratecs services since they will know upfront what they
will get.
Workflow
Once the scope of the study is fully defined and
understood, Intratec conducts a comprehensive
bibliographical research in order to understand technical
aspects involved with the process analyzed.
Subsequently, the Intratec team simultaneously develops
the process description and the conceptual process flow
diagram based on:
a.
b.
c.
d.
b.
These are estimates that form the basis for budget authorization,
appropriation, and/or funding. Accuracy ranges for this class of
estimates are + 10% to + 30% on the high side, and - 10 % to - 20 %
on the low side.
43
Non-Confidential
Information from
Technology Licensors or
Suppliers
44
Bibliographical Research
Technical Validation
Process Description &
Flow Diagram
Vendor Quotes
Construction Location
Factor
(http://base.intratec.us)
Economic Analysis
Analyses of
Different Construction
Scenarios and Plant Location
OSBL Investment
The OSBL investment accounts for auxiliary items necessary
to the functioning of the production unit (ISBL), but which
perform a supporting and non-plant-specific role. OSBL
items considered may vary from process to process. The
OSBL investment could include the installed cost of the
following items:
Storage and packaging (storage, bagging and a
warehouse) for products, feedstocks and by-products
Steam units, cooling water and refrigeration systems
Process water treating systems and supply pumps
ISBL Investment
The ISBL investment includes the fixed capital cost of the
main processing units of the plant necessary to the
manufacturing of products. The ISBL investment includes
the installed cost of the following items:
45
Working Capital
For the purposes of this study, 2 working capital is defined as
the funds, in addition to the fixed investment, that a
company must contribute to a project. Those funds must
be adequate to get the plant in operation and to meet
subsequent obligations.
The initial amount of working capital is regarded as an
investment item. This study uses the following
items/assumptions for working capital estimation:
Accounts receivable. Products and by-products
shipped but not paid by the customer; it represents
the extended credit given to customers (estimated as a
certain period in days of manufacturing expenses
plus depreciation).
Accounts payable. A credit for accounts payable such
as feedstock, catalysts, chemicals, and packaging
materials received but not paid to suppliers (estimated
as a certain period in days of manufacturing
expenses).
46
Start-up Expenses
When a process is brought on stream, there are certain onetime expenses related to this activity. From a time
standpoint, a variable undefined period exists between the
nominal end of construction and the production of quality
product in the quantity required. This period is commonly
referred to as start-up.
During the start-up period expenses are incurred for
operator and maintenance employee training, temporary
construction, auxiliary services, testing and adjustment of
equipment, piping, and instruments, etc. Our method of
estimating start-up expenses consists of four components:
Labor component. Represents costs of plant crew
training for plant start-up, estimated as a certain
number of days of total plant labor costs (operators,
supervisors, maintenance personnel and laboratory
labor).
Commercialization cost. Depends on raw materials
and products negotiation, on how integrated the plant
is with feedstock suppliers and consumer facilities, and
on the maturity of the technology. It ranges from 0.5%
to 5% of annual manufacturing expenses.
2
The accounting definition of working capital (total current assets
minus total current liabilities) is applied when considering the
entire company.
Manufacturing Costs
Manufacturing costs do not include post-plant costs, which
are very company specific. These consist of sales, general
and administrative expenses, packaging, research and
development costs, and shipping, etc.
Operating labor and maintenance requirements have been
estimated subjectively on the basis of the number of major
equipment items and similar processes, as noted in the
literature.
Plant overhead includes all other non-maintenance (labor
and materials) and non-operating site labor costs for
services associated with the manufacture of the product.
Such overheads do not include costs to develop or market
the product.
G & A expenses represent general and administrative costs
incurred during production such as: administrative
salaries/expenses, research & development, product
distribution and sales costs.
Contingencies
Contingency constitutes an addition to capital cost
estimations, implemented based on previously available
data or experience to encompass uncertainties that may
incur, to some degree, cost increases. According to
recommended practice, two kinds of contingencies are
assumed and applied to TPC: process contingency and
project contingency.
Process contingency is utilized in an effort to lessen the
impact of absent technical information or the uncertainty of
that which is obtained. In that manner, the reliability of the
information gathered, its amount and the inherent
complexity of the process are decisive for its evaluation.
Errors that occur may be related to:
Complex
Typical
Simple
Project Contingency
25%
20%
15%
Simple
Complexity
Typical
Complex
New &
Maturity
Proven
Licensed
47
Reliability
Accuracy
Very
Low
Moderate
High
+ 30%
+ 22%
+ 18%
+ 10%
- 20%
- 18%
- 14%
- 10%
High
Location Factor
A location factor is an instantaneous, total cost factor used
for converting a base project cost from one geographic
location to another.
48
Location Factor
Material Index
Domestic Material Index
Relative Steel Prices
Labor Index
Taxes and Freight
Rates
Spares
Imported Material
Taxes and Freight
Rates
Spares
Labor Index
Local Labor Index
Relative Salary
Productivity
Expats Labor
Infrastructure Factor
Ports, Roads, Airports
and Rails (Availability
and Quality)
Communication
Technologies
Warehouse
Infrastructure
Border Clearance
Local Incentives
Business Environment
Factor
Readiness of
Bureaucratic
Procedures
Legal Protection of
Investors
Taxes
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
Inlet (m3/h)
5,825
77,898
30,080
6,417
1,679
2,151
2nd DME
Cooler
57
58
59
60
61
(barg)
62
63
64
65
66
67
Working Capital
68
Operational Expenses
Fixed Costs
Fixed costs are estimated based on the specific
characteristics of the process. The fixed costs, like operating
charges and plant overhead, are typically calculated as a
percentage of the industrial labor costs, and G & A expenses
are added as a percentage of the operating costs.
69
70
CONCEPTUAL DESIGN
Membranes on Polyolefins Plants Vent Recovery:
The Report evaluates membrane units for the
separation of monomer and nitrogen in PP plants,
similar to the VaporSep system commercialized by
MTR.
Use of Propylene Splitter to Improve Polypropylene
Business: The report assesses the opportunity of
purchasing the less valued RG propylene to produce
the PG propylene raw material used in a PP plant.
Appendix H.
Technology Economics Form
Submitted by Client
Acetic Acid
Acetone
Acrylic Acid
Acrylonitrile
Adipic Acid
Aniline
Benzene
Butadiene
n-Butanol
Isobutylene
Caprolactam
Chlorine
Cumene
Ethanol
Ethylene
Bio-Ethylene
Ethylene Glycol
Ethylene Oxide
Formaldehyde
HDPE
Isoprene
LDPE
LLDPE
MDI
Methanol
Methyl Methacrylate
Phenol
Polypropylene (PP)
Polybutylene Terephthalate
Polystyrene (PS)
Polyurethanes (PU)
Propylene
Propylene Glycol
Terephthalic Acid
If the main chemical product of your target technology is not found above, please check the "Technology Economic Form - Specialties".
Commercial Scale Unit. Inform the exact location of one commercial scale plant under operation.
Plant Location:
I don't know
I know the location of a commercial plant:
Ningxia, China
If there is no commercial scale plant based on the technology of your interest, you are referred to Intratec's Research Potential advisory service
at www.intratec.us/advisory/research-potential/overview
Operating Hours
150 kta
Operating Hours
300 kta
Other (kta)
8,000 h/year
Other (h/year)
557
Analysis Date
Define the date (quarter and year) that will be considered in the analysis. Our databases can provide consolidated values from the year 2000
up to the last closed quarter, quarter-to-date values are estimated.
Quarter
Year
Q3
2011
Storage Facilities
Define the assumptions employed for the storage facilities design.
Products
20 days
Other
By-Products
20 days
Other
Raw Materials
20 days
Other
Yes
No
Unit
Default Value
User-specified value
24
DSPEC1
11
DSPEC2
bar abs
DSPEC3
bar abs
11
DSPEC4
bar abs
28
DSPEC5
Refrigerant (Ethylene)
-100
DSPEC6
Refrigerant (Propane)
-40
DSPEC7
Refrigerant (Propylene)
-45
DSPEC8
38
DSPEC9
25
DS10
China
E.g. Louisiana (USA), China or Saudi Arabia. Please define only one location.
Plant Location Data
Provider
I will use Intratec's Internal Database containing standard chemical prices and location factors
(only for Germany, Japan, China or Brazil).
I will provide location specific data. Please fill the Custom Location topic below.
Custom Location Description. Describe both capital investment and prices at your custom location.
A) Capital Investment. Provide the relative capital cost at your custom location in comparison to the United States (U.S. Gulf Coast)
Custom Location Relative Cost (%)
130% means that the capital costs in the custom location are 30% higher than the costs in the United States.
B) Raw Materials Prices. Describe the raw material prices to be considered in the custom location.
Item Description
Raw1
Methanol
Price Unit
RU1
USD/ton
Price
RP1
Raw2
RU2
RP2
Raw3
RU3
RP3
E.g.
Propane
USD/metric ton
420
C) Product Prices. Describe the products prices to be considered in the custom location.
Item Description
Price Unit
Price
Prod1
PG Propylene
PU1
USD/ton
PP1
Prod2
Gasoline
PU2
USD/ton
PP2
Prod3
E.g.
PU3
Polypropylene
PP3
USD/metric ton
1700
D) Utilities Prices. Describe the utilities prices to be considered in the custom location.
Item Description
Price Unit
Electricity
USD/kWh
UP1
USD/ton
UP2
USD/ton
UP3
Fuel
USD/MMBtu
UP4
Clarified Water
Price
UP5
Util6
UU6
YP6
Util7
UU7
UP7
Util8
UU8
UP8
E) Labor Prices. Describe the labor prices to be considered in the custom location.
Item Description
Price Unit
Price
Operating Labor
USD/operator/hour
LP1
Supervision Labor
USD/supervisor/hour
LP1
F) Others. Describe any other price you deem necessary to be considered in the custom location.
Item Description
Price Unit
Price
Other1
OU1
OP1
Other2
OU2
OP2
Other3
OU3
OP3
E.g.
Catalyst
USD/metric ton
5000
Other Remarks
If you have any other comments, feel free to write them below:
Co
m
m
en
ts:
I provided the main prices I would like to include in my analysis. Please, use Intratec's prices for China in the other fields I have
not filled.
Complementary Files
Along with this form, you may also upload any other chemical document deemed relevant for the description of the project, such as
articles, brochures, book sections, patents, etc. Multiple files may be uploaded.
If you are filling this form offline please upload this form and any complementary files at www.intratec.us/advisory/technology-economics/
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Technology Economics studies answer
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technologies:
- How is the technology? What are the
main pieces of equipment required?
- What are the raw materials and utilities
consumption rates?
- What are the capital and operating
expenses breakdown?
- What are the economic
indicators?
- In which regions is this
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