CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

A. Research Design

This chapter presents the methodology of the study. It consists of procedures in

collection and preparation of the sample and making, testing and evaluating the desired

product. The researcher used papaya leaves that were gathered in Iligan City to produce a

filter paper treated with papaya leaf extract.

B. Materials and Equipment

• Base burette • Medicine droppers

• Beakers • Mortar and pestle

• Clean cloth • pH meter

• Distilled water • Spotplate

• Filter paper • Weighing scale

• Graduated cylinder
Common Household Substances

• Alcohol • Muriatic Acid

• Antacid solution • Shampoo

• Astringent • Soap solution

• Bathroom Cleaner • Soy sauce

• Chlorox • Toothpaste

• Cologne • Vinegar

• Conditioner • Wine

• Lemon-lime extract
Laboratory Chemicals

• M NaOH

• M HCl

C. General Procedure

Preparation of the Papaya Leaf extract as an Indicator

Collect 100 g of the papaya leaves, regardless of maturity but must not be dried

leaves. Soak the leaves in 20.0 mL distilled water overnight. Pound the soaked leaves

using mortar and pestle. Place it in clean cheesecloth and gently squeezed to a 250-mL

beaker to obtain the extracts. Pour the squeezed extract to a filter paper to separate the

leaves and obtain pure leaf extract only.

Testing the Extract for the Acidity and Basicity of Some Common Household

Substances

Collect common household substances that are said to be basic and acidic to

examine whether the papaya leaf extract can be used as an acid-base indicator. Place

each of the collected household substances to a spotplate and label each for specification.

The substance must be in solution form for simplicity. Measure the pH of each substance

using the pH meter. Add 2-3 drops of the papaya leaf extracts. Observe color change

and identify whether the substance is acidic, basic or neutral. Take note of the original

color of the leaf extract and each common household substances used for comparison

purposes.

Evaluation of Results
 Show in tabular form and in a color chart the results of the acid-base test using the

papaya leaf extract.

D. Statistical Tools Used in the Study

Based on the result of the pH value of some common household materials, the

gathered data were analyzed and interpreted to get the average pH value of the substance.

Statistical procedures and methods were used and the mean was used to find the average

of each pH value.

Mean

X= Σ xi/N

Where,

xi = pH value of the substance

N = Number of trials

X = the average value of the substance

Σ = sum of all weigh value

Collection of samples
Observation of change in
color

Soaking it in water
Comparison of Results

Pounding with mortar

and pestle
 Straining the extract

Testing the extract to determine the

acidity and basicity of some
common household substances

Evaluating the results

Figure 1. Flowchart of the General Procedure

 CHAPTER V

SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary

The experimental pH indicator from papaya leaves extract was tested to the

different kinds of common household materials and showed that it can distinguish an acid

from a base through color change. The indicator turns to yellow when added to acidic

substances, green when added to neutral substances and white when added to basic

substances.

Conclusion

The researchers were able to determine that an indicator from Papaya leaves extract

can be an effective acid-base indicator. The researchers therefore conclude that:

1. The resulting color of the experimental extract when added to acidic substances

ranges from yellow to yellow green; light green to white when the substance is

basic; and pure green when it is a neutral substance.

2. The color changes of the Papaya extracts at pH range of 1 to 6 is yellow to yellow

green; light green to white at the pH range of 8 to 14; and pure green at the pH

level of 7.

Recommendations

The researchers would like to recommend the following in order to improve their

study as well as those related to it.

1. Determine whether the concentration of the papaya leaf extract affects the

intensity of the color imparted by cassava leaf indicator at different pH levels.

2. Test whether the experimental pH indicator, papaya leaf extract, will have the

same results when made into an experimental pH paper.

3. Find out other leaf which can be used as an acid-base indicator.

4. Titrate the papaya extract to determine the endpoint in an acid-base indicator.