Tindall Full Chapter 7

CHAPTER 7
Shaping a Federal
Union
This chapter covers the accomplishments and limitations of the Confederation

government, the movement for a new constitution, the key developments in
the convention, a brief analysis of the historiographical controversy over the
writing of the Constitution, and the movement for the ratification of the Constitution. The chapter closes as plans are laid for inauguration of the new
government.
CHAPTER OUTLINE
I. The Confederation
A. Called the critical period
B. Nature of congressional administration during the war
1. Limitations
2. Accomplishments
C. Financial problems of the government
1. Robert Morris, secretary of finance
2. Use of public debt to secure support for the nation
3. Scheme for a national bank failed to receive unanimous approval
4. Newburgh Conspiracy
5. Growth of domestic debt from $11 million to $28 million
D. Development of a land policy
1. Direct congressional authority prevailed
2. Early land ordinances set precedents for future treatment of
territories
3. The Northwest Ordinance
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Chapter 7 Shaping a Federal Union

4. The Ohio Company of Associates and its plan
5. Indian treaties made to gain claim to western lands
E. Effects of the war on the economy
1. Commercial agriculture suffers downturn
2. Mercantile adjustments
3. Trade treaties opened new markets
4. Commerce and exports in critical period compared to colonial
era
F. Diplomacy
1. Problems with Britain
a. British retained forts along the Canadian border
b. Americans refused to pay pre-war debts to British
c. Treatment of Loyalists
2. Problems with Spain
a. Southern boundary
b. Right of United States to Mississippi River
G. Efforts of states to exclude imperial trade
H. Effects of shortage of cash
1. Demands for legal paper currency
2. Depreciation of paper currency varied
3. Paper money chaos in Rhode Island
I. Shayss Rebellion
1. Farmers demanded paper money to pay off taxes
2. Militia scattered Shayss army
3. Legislature lowered taxes for the next year
4. Conflicting responses of Jefferson and Abigail Adams
J. Demands grow for stronger central authority
II. Adopting the Constitution

A. Preliminary steps to the convention
1. Mount Vernon meeting of 1785
2. Annapolis meeting of 1786
3. Call for the Constitutional Convention
B. Nature of the convention
1. Nature of the delegates
2. James Madison
3. Political philosophy represented at the convention
C. Major issues of dispute in drafting the Constitution
1. Basis for representation of the states
a. Virginia plan
b. New Jersey plan
c. Great Compromise
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2. Disputes between North and South over slaves

a. The three-fifths compromise
b. No ban on African slave trade until 1808
3. Womens rights not addressed
4. Congress to control naturalization
D. Principles incorporated into the Constitution
1. Separation of powers
2. Nature of the office of president
3. Nature of the judicial branch
4. Examples of countervailing forces in the government
5. The amendment process
6. Ratification provisions
III. The fight for ratification
A. Federalists vs. anti-Federalists
B. Charles Beards argument for economic motivation of the delegates
C. Arguments of The Federalist for ratification
D. Views of Federalists and anti-Federalists
E. The pattern of ratification
1. Several smaller states acted first
2. Massachusetts the first close vote
3. New Hampshire was ninth state
4. New York and Virginia approve
F. Plans for transition to a new government
G. Constitution has proved flexible and resilient
LECTURE IDEAS
1. Shayss Rebellion is a good introduction to the problems facing the new nation. See Robert A. Grosss (ed.) In Debt to Shays (1993) and David P. Szatmarys Shays Rebellion (1980).
2. Use the biographical approach to examine the Critical Period, with a lecture on the life of Alexander Hamilton up to his appointment to Washingtons cabinet. His origins in the West Indies, service in the Revolution as
Washingtons personal aide, and leading role as a critic of the Articles of
Confederation, key instigator of the Constitutional Convention, and father
of the Federalist essays will provide understanding of his political philosophy and contributions as secretary of the treasury in the years ahead. See
Ron Chernows Alexander Hamilton (2004) and Alexander Hamilton: Writings (2001) for its essential documents.
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3. A lecture on the Constitution might explain what the country would have
been like without it. See Timothy Footes Imagining a Constitutionless
Past (Smithsonian, June 1988). For a lecture on how the Constitution has
fared over the last two centuries, see A Workable Government? The Constitution after 200 Years, edited by Burke Marshall (1987). For a provocative
work on how the Constitution might be wisely amended, see Larry J. Sabatos A More Perfect Constitution (2007).
4. A lecture on the Confederation period will help the students better understand and analyze the change to the new Constitution. Include in this lecture both successes and challenges the Confederation government faced.
Discuss the composition of the government, land policy, financial issues,
and how the Confederation government handled the various crises that
arose. See Merrill Jensens The Articles of Confederation: An Interpretation of
the Social Constitutional History of the American Revolution, 17741781
(1940) and Kerry P. Callahan and Heather Moehns The Articles of Confederation: A Primary Source Investigation into the Document That Preceded the
U.S. Constitution (2003).
5. Consider a lecture dedicated to the ratification of the U.S. Constitution.
Take an in-depth look at the personalities involved, and investigate who
these people were. Include the issues of regionalism and economic status,
as well as a discussion on the political ideology of the Federalists and antiFederalists. See John P. Kaminski, Gaspare J. Saladino, et al. (eds.), The
Documentary History of the Ratification of the Constitution, Volume I: Constitutional Documents and Records, 17761787; Volumes IIXII, XIXXXVI:
Ratification of the Constitution by the States; Volumes XIIIXVIII: Commentaries on the Constitution (19762004), and Richard B. Bernstein and Kym
S. Rices Are We to Be a Nation? The Making of the Constitution (1987).
6. For a different angle on the developments of the 1780s, look at the activities of Thomas Jefferson, who was out of the country much of that decade
serving his country in France. A good lecture on Jeffersons experience
while there will illuminate his political philosophy, his insights into the
opening phases of the French Revolution, and his view from a distance of
events like Shayss Rebellion and the making of the new Constitution.
Good sources for this are the chapter Minister to France in Merrill Petersons Thomas Jefferson and the New Nation (1970) and William Howard Adamss The Paris Years of Thomas Jefferson (2000). Also consult the Library
of America edition (1984) of Jeffersons writing for his letters from that period. Finally, show some appropriate clips from the 1995 film Jefferson in
Paris, which is especially good for demonstrating the decadence of the
French royal court and aristocracy.
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PRACTICING CITIZENSHIP
This chapter rightly describes Madisons Number 10 as the most famous of the
Federalist essays. Read it to see how Madison defines both democracy and
republic, and why he does not favor democracy for the United States. Consider whether anything has changed over the more than two centuries since
this was written to now make democracy (classically defined) more desirable
or feasible. To further examine this question, invite a group of friends and fellow students over to watch an episode of a currently popular reality series
one in which viewers send in their votes at the end of the program. As soon as
the result is announced, reconvene with your friends to discuss the outcome
and its implications in terms of Madisons arguments in Federalist Number 10.
(Perhaps a basic question would be: What would James Madison think of
American Idol? or Does a program like this contain both democratic and republican elements?) To extend the discussion, watch a few reruns of Who
Wants to Be a Millionaire, keeping tally of how many times the ask the audience lifeline returns a correct answer. What does this say about the validity of
a political system based upon majority rule and direct participation of the people? Was Madison ultimately right?
CONCEPT MAP
I. The Confederation
A. Called the critical period
B. Nature of congressional administration during the war
C. Financial problems of the government
D. Development of a land policy
E. Effects of the war on the economy
F. Diplomacy
G. Efforts of states to exclude imperial trade
H. Effects of shortage of cash
I. Shayss Rebellion
J. Demands grow for stronger central authority
II. Adopting the Constitution
A. Preliminary steps to the convention
B. Nature of the convention
C. Major issues of dispute in drafting the Constitution
D. Principles incorporated into the Constitution
III. The fight for ratification
A. Federalists vs. anti-Federalists
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B. Charles Beards argument for economic motivation of the delegates
C. Arguments of The Federalist for ratification
D. Views of Federalists and anti-Federalists
E. The pattern of ratification
F. Plans for transition to a new government
G. Constitution has proved flexible and resilient
TRUE/FALSE QUESTIONS
1. By raising taxes in the early 1780s, the Confederation was able to reduce
the national debt.
ANS: F
TOP: Financial problems of the government (I.C)
REF: Page 271
2. General Washingtons personal appeal to his officers ended the
Newburgh Conspiracy.
ANS: T
REF: Page 272
3. Merchants suffered more than farmers by the separation from Great
Britain.
ANS: T
TOP: Effects of the war on the economy (I.E)
REF: Page 277
4. One important new development in the mid-1780s was the opening of
U.S. trade with China.
ANS: T
REF: Page 277
5. George Washington typified elite disapproval of Shayss Rebellion.
ANS: T
TOP: Shayss Rebellion (I.I)
REF: Page 282
6. Alexander Hamilton presided over the Constitutional Convention.
ANS: F
TOP: Nature of the convention (II.B)
REF: Page 284
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7. Delegates to the Constitutional Convention sharply debated whether to

establish a monarchy or a republic.
ANS: F
REF: Page 286
8. The New Jersey Plan proposed to keep a unicameral legislature with
equal representation for each state.
ANS: T
TOP: Major issues of dispute in drafting the Constitution (II.C)
REF: Page 286
9. Under the Constitution, each slave would count as one person for
purposes of representation, but as only half a person for taxation.
ANS: F
REF: Page 287
10. The Constitution mentioned the word slave (or slavery) eighteen
times.
ANS: F
REF: Page 288
11. The Constitution immediately outlawed the foreign slave trade.
ANS: F
TOP: Principles incorporated into the Constitution (II.D)
REF: Page 288
12. The Constitution established a Supreme Court with nine justices.
ANS: F
REF: Page 291
13. The Articles of Confederation required unanimous approval for
amendment.
ANS: T
REF: Page 292
14. Federalists favored a decentralized federal system of government.
ANS: F
TOP: The fight for ratification (III)
REF: Page 292
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15. The essays that made up The Federalist were originally published in New
York newspapers during the fight for ratification.
ANS: T
TOP: Arguments of The Federalist for ratification (III.C)
REF: Page 293
MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS
1. The phrase critical period refers to:
A. the time of the Revolutionary War
B. the summer the Constitution was written
C. America under the Articles of Confederation
D. George Washingtons presidency
E. the years of tension over British taxes
ANS: C
TOP: Called the critical period (I.A)
REF: Page 270
OBJ: Factual
2. In the final years of the Revolutionary War, ___________emerged as
the most influential figure in the government.
A. Robert Morris
B. John Adams
C. Ben Franklin
D. George Washington
E. Alexander Hamilton
ANS: A
REF: Page 271
OBJ: Factual
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3. Which one of the following gave the Confederation government the

most trouble?
A. finances
B. Indian affairs
C. land policy
D. postal service
E. immigration policy
ANS: A
REF: Page 272
OBJ: Factual
4. The Newburgh Conspiracy involved:
A. General Washingtons plot to become dictator
B. a military threat to enlarge congressional powers
C. an attempt to destroy the Bank of North America
D. secret peace talks with the British
E. a revolt against Congress by the states
ANS: B
REF: Page 272
OBJ: Applied
5. Under the Articles of Confederation western lands would be:
A. divided up among the existing states
B. free of slavery
C. recognized as belonging to the Indians
D. owned by the national government
E. extended to the Pacific
ANS: D
TOP: Development of a land policy (I.D)
REF: Page 274
OBJ: Factual
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6. The 640-acre sections created in the Northwest:

A. would be given to settlers for free
B. raised enough money to pay the national debt
C. would be reserved for veterans of the Revolution
D. would be sold by local banks
E. would likely be bought by land speculators
ANS: E
REF: Page 274
OBJ: Factual
7. The United States departed from the colonial policies of Great Britain by:
A. promising equal statehood to all unsettled western territory
B. prohibiting national control of trade with other nations
C. promising citizenship for all western Indians
D. prohibiting the movement of slaves between states, except for sale
E. requiring all taxes to be approved by the voters
ANS: A
REF: Page 275
OBJ: Applied
8. The Northwest Ordinance of 1787:
A. banned slavery in the Northwest
B. made Ohio and Indiana states immediately
C. established colonies in the Ohio Valley
D. denied self-government to that region
E. provided for joint occupation of that area with the British
ANS: A
REF: Page 276
OBJ: Factual
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9. Which of the following was NOT part of the Northwest Ordinance?

A. Slavery was prohibited in the territory above the Ohio River.
B. Statehood was allowed when a territory had a population of 60,000
people.
C. Religious freedom was guaranteed in a bill of rights.
D. New states formed from the Northwest Territory had to allow
Indians perpetual representation in the state governments.
E. Territorial governors were to be chosen by Congress.
ANS: D
REF: Page 276
OBJ: Factual
10. The plan presented by Reverend Cather of the Ohio Company was to
settle the Northwest with:
A. foreign immigrants
B. military veterans
C. ex-slaves
D. Loyalists
E. prisoners
ANS: B
REF: Page 276
OBJ: Factual
11. In the lands south of the Ohio River:
A. settlement proceeded more slowly than in the Northwest
B. there was little or no resistance from the Indians as white settlers
encroached on their land
C. Georgia, North Carolina, and Virginia temporarily kept their titles to
the western lands
D. policy was set in the Land Ordinance of 1787
E. slavery was permanently banned
ANS: C
REF: Page 276
OBJ: Applied
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12. After the Revolutionary War, American trade with Britain:

A. was illegal
B. was limited to the West Indies
C. resumed
D. was minimal
E. was unrestricted
ANS: C
REF: Page 277
OBJ: Factual
13. An important new development came in the mid-1780s, when the United
States opened trade with:
A. Japan
B. France
C. Canada
D. China
E. India
ANS: D
REF: Page 277
OBJ: Factual
14. An ongoing source of American tension toward the British was:
A. British refusal to recognize America
B. British blockade of the Atlantic coast
C. British refusal to pay war damages
D. Britains refusal to release American POWs
E. British forts along the Canadian border
ANS: E
TOP: Diplomacy (I.F)
REF: Page 279
OBJ: Conceptual
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15. America contended with Spain over:

A. freedom to navigate the Mississippi
B. trade with Spains colonies
C. ownership of Florida
D. Spains cruel treatment of Indians
E. discrimination toward Catholics in America
ANS: A
TOP: Diplomacy (I.F)
REF: Page 279
OBJ: Factual
16. One serious economic problem under the Articles of Confederation was:
A. a scarcity of good farmland
B. the differing tariff policies of the states
C. the impossibility of obtaining credit
D. excessively high income taxes
E. low wages caused by an oversupply of labor
ANS: B
TOP: Efforts of states to exclude imperial trade (I.G)
REF: Page 280
OBJ: Applied
17. The movement for states to issue paper money in the 1780s was led by:
A. farmers
B. creditors
C. merchants
D. artisans
E. ministers
ANS: A
TOP: Effects of shortage of cash (I.H)
REF: Page 281
OBJ: Factual
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18. Shayss Rebellion broke out in:

A. Boston
B. New York City
C. western Massachusetts
D. Rhode Island
E. Pennsylvania
ANS: C
REF: Page 281
OBJ: Factual
19. Shayss Rebellion was led by:
A. merchants
B. factory workers
C. bankers
D. indebted farmers
E. ambitious politicians
ANS: D
REF: Page 281
OBJ: Factual
20. Shayss Rebellion:
A. spread to several northern states
B. was supported by George Washington and other elite figures
C. was repressed by state militia
D. resulted in massive bloodshed and property destruction
E. made Americans more fearful of strong central government
ANS: C
REF: Page 281
OBJ: Factual
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21. In response to Shayss Rebellion, Thomas Jefferson:

A. was horrified
B. wanted to hang its leaders
C. was silent
D. resigned from the government
E. said occasional revolts were necessary
ANS: E
REF: Page 282
OBJ: Applied
22. The Annapolis Convention of 1786:
A. wrote a new constitution
B. was organized by Congress
C. was opposed by Washington and Hamilton
D. grew out of discussion among the states about commercial
cooperation
E. was attended by delegates from each state
ANS: D
TOP: Preliminary steps to the convention (II.A)
REF: Page 283
OBJ: Factual
23. How many states were represented at the Annapolis Convention?
A. 9
B. 5
C. 13
D. 10
E. 2
ANS: B
REF: Page 283
OBJ: Factual
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24. The Constitutional Convention met in:

A. New York
B. Washington, D.C.
C. Philadelphia
D. Boston
E. Albany
ANS: C
REF: Page 283
OBJ: Factual
25. The convention, which assembled in May 1787, was supposed to:
A. write a new constitution
B. address the countrys financial crisis
C. revise the Articles of Confederation
D. nominate someone for president
E. discuss better trade relations with Britain
ANS: C
REF: Page 283
OBJ: Applied
26. The delegates who met:
A. included John Adams and Thomas Jefferson
B. tended to be elderly
C. wanted a weaker central government
D. included many participants in the Revolution
E. arrived knowing what they wanted
ANS: D
REF: Page 285
OBJ: Factual
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27. At the outset of the Constitutional Convention, whom did the delegates
unanimously elect as president of the convention?
A. Alexander Hamilton
B. James Madison
C. George Washington
D. Benjamin Franklin
E. Thomas Jefferson
ANS: C
REF: Page 285
OBJ: Factual
28. The conventions most gifted political philosopher and man who emerged
as its central figure was:
B. George Washington
C. Ben Franklin
D. Patrick Henry
E. James Madison
ANS: E
REF: Page 285
OBJ: Factual
29. Madisons Virginia Plan:
A. would create a president for life
B. would create a two-house Congress
C. was most favored by the small states
D. would simply amend the Articles of Confederation
E. would abolish the state governments
ANS: B
TOP: Major issues of dispute in drafting the constitution (II.C)
REF: Page 286
OBJ: Applied
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30. The Great Compromise:

A. was negotiated by Ben Franklin
B. showed the Souths determination to protect slavery
C. listed the explicit powers of Congress
D. created a four-year term for president
E. settled the question of congressional representation
ANS: E
REF: Page 287
OBJ: Factual
31. The Constitution addressed slavery by:
A. referring numerous times to slaves or slavery
B. stating that the African slave trade could not be banned before 1808
C. requiring that all slaves count toward a states congressional
representation
D. making it legal in every state
E. requiring that slaves have full legal protections
ANS: B
REF: Page 288
OBJ: Factual
32. On the question of womens rights, the proposed Constitution:
A. denied the vote to females
B. was surprisingly progressive for its time
C. defined women as the property of their husbands
D. accepted the advice of prominent women
E. said nothing
ANS: E
REF: Page 289
OBJ: Factual
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33. In regard to citizenship, the Constitution:

A. gave citizenship to Indians
B. gave citizenship to free blacks
C. limited future numbers of immigrants
D. gave Congress authority over naturalization
E. allowed noncitizens to serve in Congress
ANS: D
REF: Page 289
OBJ: Factual
34. The great majority of the Founding Fathers rejected:
A. federal taxation
B. religion
C. property requirements for voting
D. division of federal and state authority
E. rule by the people
ANS: E
REF: Page 289
OBJ: Factual
35. The Founding Fathers viewed the most democratic branch of the
government as the:
A. presidency
B. Senate
C. Supreme Court
D. cabinet
E. House of Representatives
ANS: E
REF: Page 289
OBJ: Factual
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36. Under the proposed constitution, members of the Senate would:

A. serve two-year terms
B. be chosen by state legislatures
C. be appointed by state governors
D. be chosen by popular vote
E. be men of substantial wealth
ANS: B
REF: Page 290
OBJ: Factual
37. According to the Constitution, the president has the authority to do all
the following EXCEPT:
A. veto acts of Congress
B. resign and choose his successor
C. recommend legislation to Congress
D. act as commander-in-chief of the armed forces
E. appoint diplomats and judges
ANS: B
REF: Page 290
OBJ: Factual
38. The presidents powers were limited by all of the following EXCEPT:
A. he would be chosen by popular vote
B. he could not declare war
C. Congress could override his vetoes
D. he could be impeached
E. he could be convicted and removed from office
ANS: A
REF: Page 290
OBJ: Factual
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39. Amendments to the Constitution:

A. would be made by the Supreme Court
B. would be proposed by a two-thirds vote of Congress
C. would require approval of every state
D. could be vetoed by the president
E. would ultimately be approved by popular vote
ANS: B
REF: Page 292
OBJ: Factual
40. The Constitution was to be considered ratified as soon as it had been
approved by:
A. the Constitutional Convention
B. the Continental Congress
C. all thirteen states
D. nine of the states
E. a majority popular vote
ANS: D
REF: Page 292
OBJ: Factual
41. Charles Beards study of the Constitution:
A. emphasized the political genius of the Founding Fathers
B. marveled at how democratic a document it is
C. remains the accepted interpretation today
D. was biased by patriotism and hero worship
E. described the selfish economic interests of the men who wrote it
ANS: E
TOP: Charles Beards argument for economic motivation of the
delegates (III.B)
REF: Page 293
OBJ: Applied
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42. Charles Beards writings on the Constitution at least caution us against:

A. hero worship
B. excessive democracy
C. intervening in the affairs of other countries
D. states rights
E. separation of church and state
ANS: A
TOP: Charles Beards argument for economic motivation of the
delegates (III.B)
REF: Page 293
OBJ: Factual
43. Most of the Federalist essays were written by:
A. James Madison
B. John Jay
C. Patrick Henry
D. Alexander Hamilton
E. Sam Adams
ANS: D
REF: Page 293
OBJ: Factual
44. Federalist Number 10 explains how a republic can:
A. defend itself
B. become a democracy
C. create a just society
D. pays its debts
E. be successful in a large, diverse society
ANS: E
REF: Page 294
OBJ: Factual
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45. The Federalist argued that:

A. the size and diversity of the large new country would make it impossible for any one faction to control the government
B. the Constitution was necessary to prevent one faction from taking
control of the nation
C. a republican form of government could not work in a nation as large
as the United States, and therefore the Constitution was necessary
D. the Constitution would promote control of the government by one
faction, which would be good for the nation
E. if the Constitution failed, the country could always go back to the
Articles of Confederation
ANS: A
REF: Page 294
OBJ: Applied
46. Who among the following was an anti-Federalist?
B. John Jay
C. Patrick Henry
D. James Madison
E. George Washington
ANS: C
TOP: Views of Federalists and anti-Federalists (III.D)
REF: Page 294
OBJ: Factual
47. Anti-Federalist leaders:
A. often were better organized and prepared than their Federalist
opponents
B. tended to be younger than their Federalist counterparts
C. had been the chief proponents of a stronger central government at
the Constitutional Convention
D. wanted a Bill of Rights to protect individuals from the new
government
E. tended to be wealthier than their Federalist opponents
ANS: D
TOP: Views of Federalists and anti-Federalists (III.D)
REF: Page 294
OBJ: Applied
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48. The first of these states to ratify the Constitution was:

A. Delaware
B. New York
C. Rhode Island
D. Virginia
E. Massachusetts
ANS: A
TOP: The pattern of ratification (III.E)
REF: Page 295
OBJ: Factual
49. The Constitution was ratified:
A. in a national referendum
B. without serious opposition
C. despite a close vote in Massachusetts
D. despite its rejection in Virginia
E. due to the support of the anti-Federalists
ANS: C
TOP: The pattern of ratification (III.E)
REF: Page 295
OBJ: Factual
50. As the new Constitution went into effect, Founding Fathers like Franklin
and Washington viewed its future with feelings of:
A. supreme confidence
B. fear and loathing
C. Gods approval
D. uncertainty
E. regret, since the Articles of Confederation were clearly better
ANS: D
TOP: Plans for transition to a new government (III.F)
REF: Page 297
OBJ: Applied
ESSAY QUESTIONS
1. Describe the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation. Why had the
Articles been written that way?
2. Describe the system of checks and balances in the Constitution.
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3. Discuss the effects of the Revolutionary War on the agriculture, trade, diplomacy, and finances of the new nation.
4. Discuss the conflict between Federalists and anti-Federalists in the writing and ratification of the Constitution.
5. What major compromises were made at the Constitutional Convention,
and what issues did they settle? What issues remained unsettled?
6. Discuss the land policy as it was developed under the Articles of Confederation. What impact did this policy have on the future of the country?
7. Discuss the background, details, and results of Shayss Rebellion. In what
way did the rebellion impact the debate about the type of governmental
structure America should adopt for its future?
8. Trace the Confederation governments policies concerning diplomacy.
How effective was the government in dealing with outside interests?
9. Describe the Annapolis Convention and what, if any, successes came as a
result of this meeting.
10. Describe details of both the Virginia and New Jersey Plans as they were
presented to the Constitutional Convention.
MATCHING QUESTIONS
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
F)
G)
H)
I)
J)
was the oldest member of the Constitutional Convention

proposed Great Compromise at Constitutional Convention
drafted land ordinance of 1784
was the Confederation superintendent of finance
briefly represented New York at the Constitutional Convention
claimed to smell a rat at Constitutional Convention
believed Constitution would last no more than twenty years
wrote An Economic Interpretation of the Constitution
was a destitute and disgruntled Massachusetts farmer
is known as the Father of the Constitution
1. Charles A. Beard
ANS: H
2. Benjamin Franklin
ANS: A
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3. Alexander Hamilton
ANS: E
4. Patrick Henry
ANS: F
5. Thomas Jefferson
ANS: C
6. James Madison
ANS: J
7. Robert Morris
ANS: D
8. Daniel Shays
ANS: I
9. Roger Sherman
ANS: B
10. George Washington
ANS: G
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Tindall Full Chapter 7

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CHAPTER 7

This chapter covers the accomplishments and limitations of the Confederation

Chapter 7 Shaping a Federal Union

II. Adopting the Constitution

Shaping a Federal Union

2. Disputes between North and South over slaves

Shaping a Federal Union

Shaping a Federal Union

Chapter 7 Shaping a Federal Union

Shaping a Federal Union

7. Delegates to the Constitutional Convention sharply debated whether to

Chapter 7 Shaping a Federal Union

Shaping a Federal Union

3. Which one of the following gave the Confederation government the

Chapter 7 Shaping a Federal Union

6. The 640-acre sections created in the Northwest:

Shaping a Federal Union

9. Which of the following was NOT part of the Northwest Ordinance?

Chapter 7 Shaping a Federal Union

12. After the Revolutionary War, American trade with Britain:

Shaping a Federal Union

15. America contended with Spain over:

Chapter 7 Shaping a Federal Union

18. Shayss Rebellion broke out in:

Shaping a Federal Union

21. In response to Shayss Rebellion, Thomas Jefferson:

Chapter 7 Shaping a Federal Union

24. The Constitutional Convention met in:

Shaping a Federal Union

Chapter 7 Shaping a Federal Union

30. The Great Compromise:

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33. In regard to citizenship, the Constitution:

Chapter 7 Shaping a Federal Union

36. Under the proposed constitution, members of the Senate would:

Shaping a Federal Union

39. Amendments to the Constitution:

Chapter 7 Shaping a Federal Union

42. Charles Beards writings on the Constitution at least caution us against:

Shaping a Federal Union

45. The Federalist argued that:

Chapter 7 Shaping a Federal Union

48. The first of these states to ratify the Constitution was:

Shaping a Federal Union

was the oldest member of the Constitutional Convention

Chapter 7 Shaping a Federal Union

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