UNIVERSITI SAINS MALAYSIA

Final Examination
Academic Session 2009/2010
April 2010

JIM 104 Introduction To Statistics

[Pengantar Statistik]
Duration : 3 hours
[Masa: 3 jam]

Please ensure that this examination paper contains TWENTY FIVE printed pages before
you begin the examination.
Answer ALL questions. You may answer either in Bahasa Malaysia or in English.
Read the instructions carefully before answering.
Each question is worth 100 marks.
In the event of any discrepancies, the English version shall be used.

[Sila pastikan bahawa kertas peperiksaan ini mengandungi DUA PULUH LIMA muka
surat yang bercetak sebelum anda memulakan peperiksaan ini.
Jawab SEMUA soalan.. Anda dibenarkan menjawab sama ada dalam Bahasa Malaysia
atau Bahasa Inggeris.
Baca arahan dengan teliti sebelum anda menjawab soalan.
Setiap soalan diperuntukkan 100 markah.
Sekiranya terdapat sebarang percanggahan pada soalan peperiksaan, versi Bahasa
Inggeris hendaklah digunapakai.]

2/-

-21.

(a)

[JIM 104]

A survey of 36 selected recording companies showed these numbers of days

that it took to receive a shipment from the day it was ordered.

Days
1-3
4-6
7-9
10-12
13-15
16-18

Frequency
6
8
10
7
0
5

(i)

Draw the frequency polygon.

(ii)

Find the mean, median, mode and standard deviation.

(60 marks)

(b)

Given event A, B, C are independent, P(A)=1/2, P(B)=1/4 and P(C)=1/8, find

(i)

P( A ( B

(ii)

P( A

C)
C)
(40 marks)

2.

(a)

The number of calls received per day at a crisis hot line is distributed as
follows:

X
p(x)

30
0.05

31
0.21

32
k

33
0.25

34
0.11

Find
(i)

(ii)

E(X)

(iii) Var(X)
(40 marks)

(b)

A population is known to be normally distributed with 2 =25. Find the

sample size so as to be 95% confident that the difference between the sample
mean and the population mean is less than 1 unit.
(30 marks)
3/-

-3(c)

[JIM 104]

One companys ID cards consist of 5 letters followed by 2 digits.

(i)

How many cards can be made if repetitions are allowed?

(ii)

How many cards can be made if repetitions are NOT allowed?

(30 marks)

3.

(a)

A biologist knows that the average length of a certain leaf is 4 inches with a
standard deviation of 0.6 inch. A sample of size 20 leaves after being given a
new plant food had an average length of 4.2 inches. Assume that the variable
length is normally distributed. Is there reason to believe that the new food is
responsible for a change in the growth of the leaves? Use
0.01 .
(50 marks)

(b)

X is normally distributed with mean

and variance

P(X >1000)=0.9772 and P(X >13000) = 0.0228, find

2 . Given
and

.
(50 marks)

4.

(a)

A switchboard handles 600 calls/hr during peak hours. The switch board fuse
will blow if more than 20 connections/min are made. Use the Poisson
distribution to find the probability that the fuse will blow.
(35 marks)

(b)

A recent study of 75 workers found that 53 people took the bus to work each
day. Find the 95% confidence interval of the proportion of all workers who
took the bus to work.
(35 marks)

(c)

A sample of labor costs per hour to assemble a certain product has a mean of
$2.60 and a standard deviation of $0.15. Using Chebyshevs theorem, find the
range in which at least 88.89% of the data will lie.
(30 marks)

4/-

-45.

(a)

[JIM 104]

A researcher wanted to compare the pulse rates of identical twins to see

whether there was any difference. Eight sets of twins were selected. The rates
(beats/min) are given below.

Twin A
Twin B

87 92
83 95

78
79

83
83

88
86

90
93

84
80

93
86

At
0.01 , is there a significant difference in the average pulse rates of the
twins? Use the P-value method.
(50 marks)
(b)

A box contains 6 blue balls, 3 red balls and 1 yellow ball. Two balls are taken
from the box without replacement. For each ball taken, you are paid RM1 for
a blue ball, RM2 for a red ball and RM6 for a yellow ball. Let Y be the amount
you are paid. Find
(i)

the probability distribution of Y.

(ii)

E(Y)
(50 marks)

5/-

-51.

(a)

[JIM 104]

Satu tinjauan keatas 36 syarikat rakaman yang dipilih menunjukkan bilangan

hari tersebut untuk menerima pengiriman daripada hari pesanan dibuat.
Hari
1-3
4-6
7-9
10-12
13-15
16-18

Frekuensi
6
8
10
7
0
5

(i)

Lakarkan poligon frekensi.

(ii)

Cari min, median, mod dan sisihan piawai.

(60 markah)

(b)

Diberi peristiwa A, B, C tak bersandar, P(A)=1/2, P(B)=1/4 and P(C)=1/8,

cari
(i) P( A ( B C )
(ii)

P( A

C)
(40 markah)

2.

(a)

Bilangan hari yang diterima setiap hari di talian (hotline) krisis bertabur
seperti berikut:

X
p(x)

30
0.05

31
0.21

32
k

33
0.25

34
0.11

Cari
(i)

(ii)

E(X)

(iii) Var(X)
(40 markah)
(b)

Suatu populasi diketahui bertabur secara normal dengan 2 =25. Cari saiz
sampelnya supaya mempunyai keyakinan 95% bahawa perbezaan di antara
purata sampel dengan purata sebenarnya adalah kurang dari satu unit.
(30 markah)

6/-

-6(c)

3.

(a)

[JIM 104]

Kad pengenalan suatu syarikat terdiri daripada 5 abjad diikuti dengan 2 digit.
(i)

Berapakah kad dapat dibuat jika ulangan dibenarkan?

(ii)

Berapakah kad dapat dibuat jika ulangan TIDAK dibenarkan?

(30 markah)

Seorang ahli biologi mengetahui bahawa purata panjang sejenis daun ialah 4
inci dengan sisihan piawai 0.6 inci. Satu sampel bersaiz 20 daun yang telah
diberi makanan pokok yang baru mempunyai purata panjang 4.2 inci.
Andaikan pembolehubah panjang bertabur secara normal. Adakah sebab
untuk mempercayai bahawa makan pokok yang baru itu bertanggungjawab
keatas perubahan didalam pertumbuhan daun tersebut? Guna
0.01 .
(50 markah)

(b)

X bertabur secara normal dengan min

dan varians

P(X >1000)=0.9772 dan P(X >13000) =0.0228, cari

2 . Diberi
dan

.
(50 markah)

4.

(a)

Suatu papansuis mengendalikan 600 panggilan/jam pada waktu yang paling

sibuk. Fius papansuis akan terbakar jika ia membuat lebih daripada 20
sambungan/minit. Gunakan taburan Poisson untuk mendapatkan
kebarangkalian fius ini akan terbakar.
(35 markah)

(b) Satu kajian terkini yang terdiri daripada 75 orang pekerja mendapati bahawa
53 pekerja menaiki bas ke tempat kerja setiap hari.Cari selang keyakinan 95%
bagi kadaran pekerja yang menaiki bas ke tempat kerja.
(35 markah)
(c)

Satu sampel kos buruh setiap jam untuk memasang produk tertentu
mempunyai $2.60 dan sisihan piawai $0.15. Dengan menggunakan teorem
Chebyshev, cari julat dimana sekurang-kurangnya 88.89% akan berada.
(30 markah)

7/-

-75.

(a)

[JIM 104]

Seorang penyelidik ingin membandingkan kadar denyutan nadi kembar seiras

untuk melihat sama ada terdapat perbezaan. Lapan kembar seiras dipilih.
Kadar (denyutan/min) diberi berikut:
Kembar A
Kembar B

87
83

92
95

78
79

83
83

88
86

90
93

84
80

93
86

Pada
0.01 , adakah terdapat perbezaan signifikan didalam denyutan nadi
kembar seiras? Gunakan kaedah nilai-p.
(50 markah)
(b)

Satu kotak mempunyai 6 biji bola biru, 3 biji bola merah dan 1 biji bola
kuning. Dua biji bola dikeluarkan daripada kotak tanpa penggantian. Untuk
setiap bola yang dikeluarkan, anda dibayar RM1 untuk bola biru, RM2 untuk
bola merah dan RM6 untuk bola kuning. Andai Y ialah jumlah anda dibayar.
Cari
(i)

taburan kebarangkalian bagi Y.

(ii)

E(Y)
(50 markah)

8/-

-8-

[JIM 104]

Important Formulas
Chapter 3 Data Description

Mean for individual data: X

n
f Xm

Mean for grouped data: X

Standard deviation for a sample:

X2

n n 1

Standard deviation for grouped data:

f X m2

f Xm

n n 1
range
4

Range rule of thumb: s

Median for grouped data:

MD

n/2

cf

Lm

where
n = sum of frequencies
cf = cumulative frequency of class immediately preceding the median class
w = width of median class
f = frequency of median class
Lm = lower boundary of median class
Chapter 4 Probability of Counting Rules
Addition rule 1 (mutually exclusive events):

P A or B

P A

P B

Addition rule 2 (events not mutually exclusive):

P A or B

P A

P B

P A and B

Multiplication rule 1 (independent events):

P A and B P A P B
9/-

-9-

[JIM 104]

Multiplication rule 2 (dependent events):

P A and B

P A P B A

P A and B

Conditional probability: P B A
Complementary events: P E

P A
1 P E

Fundamental counting rule: Total number of outcomes of a sequence when each event
has a different number of possibilities: k1 k2 k3 kn
Permutation rule: Number of permutations of n objects taking r at a time is
n!
n Pr
n r !
Combination rule: Number of combinations of r objects selected from n objects is
n!
n Cr
n r !r !
Chapter 5 Discrete Probability Distributions
X P X

Mean for a probability distribution:

Variance and standard deviation for a probability distribution:

2

X2 P X

X2 P X

Expectation: E X

X P X

Binomial probability: P X
Mean for binomial distribution:

n!
p X qn
n X !X !

n p

Variance and standard deviation for the binomial distribution:

2
n p q
n p q

10/-

- 10 -

[JIM 104]

Multinomial probability:

n!
X1 ! X 2 ! X 3 !

P X

p1X1 p2X 2 p3X 3

Xk !

Poisson probability: P X ;

pkX k

where X = 0, 1, 2, ...

X!
a

Hypergeometric probability: P X

CX
a

Cn
b Cn
b

Chapter 6 The Normal Distribution

Standard score: z

or

Mean of sample means:

X
s

Standard error of the mean:

Central limit theorem formula: z

Chapter 7 Confidence Intervals and Sample Size

z confidence interval for means:
X

/2

/2

t confidence interval for means:

X

s
/2

Sample size for means: n

s
/2

n
2

/2

where E is the maximum error of estimate

Confidence interval for a proportion:

p

/2

pq
n

/2

pq
n

11/-

- 11 Sample size for a proportion: n

pq

[JIM 104]

/2

X
and q 1 p
n

where p

Confidence interval for variance:

n 1 s2

2
right

n 1 s2
2
left

Confidence interval for standard deviation:

n 1 s2

n 1 s2

2
right

2
left

Chapter 8 Hypothesis Testing

z test : z

t test : t

for any value n. If n < 30, population must be normally distributed.

n
X
s

X
s

for

unknown and n

30

for n < 30 (d.f. = n 1)

z test for proportions: z

pq n

Chi-square test for a single variance:

n 1 s2
2

(d.f. = n 1)

12/-

- 12 -

[JIM 104]

Chapter 9 Testing the Difference Between Two Means, Two Variances and Two
Proportions
Z test for comparing two means (independent samples);

X1

X2

2
1

2
2

n1

n2

Formula for the confidence interval for difference of two means (large samples):

X1

X2

za 2

2
1

2
2

n1

n2

Note: s12 and s22 can be used when n1

F test for comparing two variances: F

X1

30 and n2

X2

za 2

2
1

2
2

n1

n2

30.

s12
s22

where s12 is the larger variance and

d.f.N. n1 1, d.f.D

n2 1

t test for comparing two means (independent samples, variances not equal):

X1

X2
2
1

s
n1

2
2

s
n2

(d.f. = the smaller on n1 1 or n2 1)

13/-

- 13 -

[JIM 104]

Formula for the confidence interval for difference of two means (small independent
samples, variance unequal):

X1

X2

s12
n1

s22
n2

X1

X2

s12
n1

s22
n2

(d.f. = smaller of n1 1 and n2 1)

t test for comparing two means (independent samples, variances equal):
X1

X2

2
1

2
2
2

n1 1 s
n2 1 s
n1 n2 2

1
n1

1
n2

(d.f. = n1 + n2 2)
Formula for the confidence interval for difference of two means (small independent
samples, variances equal):
X1

X2

X1

X2

n1 1 s12 n2 1 s22
n1 n2 2

1
n1

1
n2

n1 1 s12 n2 1 s22
n1 n2 2

1
n1

1
n2

and d.f. = n1 + n2 2.
t test for comparing two means for dependent samples:
t

sD

D
sD

D
and
n

where D

D2
D
n n 1

d.f. n 1

14/-

- 14 -

[JIM 104]

Formula for confidence interval for the mean of the difference for dependent samples:

D t

SD
n

D t

SD
n

(d.f. = n 1)
t test for comparing two proportions:

p1

p 2
1
n1

pq

where p

p1

p2

1
n2

X1 X 2
n1 n2

p1

X1
n1

q 1 p

p 2

X2
n2

Formula for the confidence interval for the difference of two proportions:

p1

p 2

p1q1
n1

p 2 q2
n2

p1

p2

p1

p 2

p1q1
n1

p 2 q2
n2

15/-