The term 'Built up Area' is used for the entire floor area, including the walls, whereas 'Carpet

Area' is the
usable area. Generally property dealers quote for built up area - so be sure that you are getting enough
space where your furniture will all fit!

How do I calculate steel reinforcement and its quantity in slab, beams, columns and
footing for given dimensions?
You can do it the tedious way of counting and multiplyng the bars in the slabs and then adding lap lenghts in Slabs Columns and Beams.
Compile the number of cubic yards in the building and multiply by 125. That will give you a close approximation of the steel that will be
necessary in the building. And that is all you need when you are doing estimation of Quaantities. So the rule is;
(Cubic Yards of Concrete X 125 pounds) = amount of reinforcement in pounds.
find out the following values from the drawing :
Length of the element :
Cross section:
No of bars
Type of bars
Spacing between the bars.
Lap length ( horizontal/vertical)
Development length
Covers for footing/column/beam/slab.
2. Calculate the cutting length of the bars.
( total length - covers on bothside )+ development length.
3.Formula :
W = N*CL*U
W: Weight of reinforcement
N: No of bars
CL: cutting length
U:Unit weight
You can find out Unit weight from charts or from the formula :
U= D*D/162.
Calculating Weight of steel for 1 m of steel bar whose diameter is 'D' is calculated with the help of Formula
Standard weight= [DxD/162]
D= Diameter of bar
Exact bar bending schedule needs to be individually prepared for each work.
Im giving here general steel requirement for different RCC members in kilogram per cubicmeter.
Column footings 75 kg/m3
Grade beams 100 kg/m3
Plinth beams 125 kg/m3
Main beams above 6m 250 kg/m3
Columns 225 kg/m3
Lintel beam 125 kg/m3
Sunshades 60 kg/m3
Canopy slab upto 2.0 m span 125 kg/m3
Staircase waist slab 150 kg/m3
Roof slab
(a) One way slab 80 kg/m3

(b) Two way slab 100 kg/m3

(c) Square slab 4m to 6m size 150 kg/m3
Reinforcement splicing length or in more common terms, lap length is a function of 3 basic factors:
1. Diameter of the reinf. bar
2. Stress in the reinf. bar at the cross section of splicing
3. Bond-strength (or bond stress) between the rebar and the concrete, which in-turn depends on the Grade of concrete.
The Indian bible (IS456) says that the development length Ld of any bar shall be given by the following relation

Although technically speaking development length is not the same as splice length, they are essentially represent the same quantity of
reinforcement to be extended in order to achieve complete transfer of stresses.
Now, the code also gives us thumb rules for splice lengths:
1. For bars in flexural tension (bottom bars in most non-cantilever beams), use 'Ld' from above or 30 times the bar diameter, whichever is
more.
You could use the same for slabs.
2. For bars in compression (typically the ones in columns) use the 'Ld' from the above relation. Except that in compression, our bond stress
can be increased by 25% so, effectively, take Ld in compression as Ld/1.25
3. However, the above Ld in compression must not be less than 24 times the diameter of the rebar.
Also, please refer the code for various other specification regarding the Ld when multiple bars are spliced together, when bars of different
diameters are spliced, etc.,;
The location of these splices in the beams/columns is of great importance. Splices must be avoided at the midspan (Max. BM.) and at the
beam-column junctions (Max. shear & almost impossible to tie the bars). In a column, the splicing of bars must be preferably staggered - that
is if your column has say 8 bars, arrange and cut the bars so that 4 bars are spliced at one level and the other 4 are spliced at another level.
Santosh sir has already given ready-to-refer values for M20 concrete in his answer. You may use the following values for M30 grade of
concrete for varying grades of steel in flexural tension:
Fe250 - 37D
Fe415 - 38D
Fe500 - 46D
(Note how the Ld decreases with increase in grade of RCC and how it increases with increase in the strength of steel used)
For Beam- maximum amout steel provided is hardly 4% of Gross area of section and remaining 96% is volume concrete.
Where as in case of column construction maximum steel is used about 4% to 8%of gross area is used .
steel quantity is found by
multiplying ( number of
bars*length of one bar*unit
weight of steel) where unit
weight of steel is D^2/162,Dis dia of bar. Same procedure
for stirrups and links

Sl.
No

RCC Member

Quantity
in kg/m3
75

Size of reinforcement
required

Column footings

10mm or 12mm

Grade beams

100

12mm, 16mm 85%

Stirrups 6mm or 8mm
15%

Plinth beams

125

8mm diameter 85%,

Stirrups 6mm 15%

16mm, 20mm and 25mm

90%
Ties 6mm or 8mm
10%
12mm, 16mm dia 85%
Stirrups 6 mm or 8mm
15%
8mm dia 75%
Distributer 6mm 25%

Columns

225

Lintel beam

125

Sunshades

60

Canopy slab upto

2.0 m span

125

10mm dia 80%

Distributor bars 6mm or
8mm 20%

Staircase waist slab

150

12 or 16mm dia 80%

Distributor 8mm dia
15%

Roof slab
(a) One way
slab
(b) Two way
slab
(c) Square slab
4m to 6m
size

10

Main beams above

6m

80

8mm dia 70%

Distributor 6mm 30%

100

8mm dia 100%

150

10 12mm dia 100%

250

20mm, 16mm, 12mm

80 85%
Stirrups 8mm 15
20%

We have a formula for that i.e is D^2/162

Where D is Diameter of the steel bar
for example: I want 10m length ,one bar having 8mm dia bar weight
then calculcate by using formula 10*1*8^2/162=3.95kg/m
Typical reinforcement weights needed for ordinary works:
Slab & staircase-70kg/m3
Beams- 110/m3
Columns & Concrete wall - 150kg/m3
Concrete foundation- 130kg/m3

Method 01 :
Thumb rule method :
I know from my past experience that a normal residential building needs around 3 to 4 Kg of steel per sqft .of built up. This data has
been worked out from the previous projects . I also recommend to each student to keep this statistics updated for their projects.
Suppose you ask me how much steel shall be required for a residential project where built up area is say 22,000 Sqft.
My immediate answer would be 22,000 x 4 = 88,000 Kg or 44 MT.
Such method is useful for arriving at the purchase quantity or for taking quotations from the steel traders. There could be variations
depending upon the design philosophy.
Method 02 :
From Bill of quantities .
Quantities of various RCC elements are known from the bill of quantities.

Now suppose we know that footings need 50 Kg/CuM of reinf. steel so an if the quantity of footings is 100 CuM , we come to know
that reinf in footings shall be 50*100 = 5000 Kg or 5 MT.
Method 03 :
This is the most accurate method .
We take the RCC drawing and for each element , calculate the cutting length and nos for each of the bars.
Schedule of bar weight is also available.
Thus , we can find out :
W = N*CL*U
W : reinforcement weight.
N : Numbers
CL : cutting length
U : Unit weight of the bar
It is advisable to prepare a bar bending schedule which is very scientific method and is also useful for cross checking at site.
whatever it is you see the drawing . say for example
footing 1.2m* 1.2m. 12mm rod 200mm c/c. basic formula
D^2/162 PER 1m length 12^2/162=0.888,size of rod 40' or
12.2m. so 0.888*12.2= 10.83kg per12mm rod.
1.2/.2=6+1=7rods.size 1.2-cover 2sides . 1.2-2[.04]=1.12.
1.12*7=7.84*2=15.68m b'coz 2sides mat.
15.68*.888=13.92kg requirement for 1.2*1.2m footing.