Used Cooking Oil as Substitute to Diesel

Abstract

This study, Trans-Esterified Used-Cooking Oil as Substitute to Diesel, aims to produce

a diesel with physical properties comparable to commercially produced diesels. The
researchers surveyed the top three oil products that public utility jeepney drivers use:
Caltex, Petron and Shell.

The biodiesel was produced through a process called trans-esterification. It makes

methyl ester from the used cooking oil that is similar to the complex hydrocarbon chains
of petroleum products. Glycerine and soap are the byproducts of this process. A percent
yield of 73 percent makes the product relatively good for economic distribution.

Introduction

The Philippines is actually rich in energy resources. Filipinos are still seeking for the
proverbial pot of gold, not knowing that this black gold is sitting in their own backyard.

And so, the researchers thought of using a material abundant in the home-used cooking
oil to develop fuel for cars. The researchers would also want to know the feasibility and
usefulness of used-cooking oil as a car fuel.

Used Cooking Oil as an Additive Component

of Candle

Abstract

The study aims to produce a low-priced, high-quality candle by using used cooking oil as
a major component. The following candle compositions were used: 100 percent paraffin
wax; 90 percent paraffin and 10 percent oil; 80 percent paraffin and 20 percent oil; 70
percent paraffin and 30 percent oil; 60 percent paraffin and 40 percent oil; 50 percent
paraffin and 50 percent oil. The firmness, texture, and light intensity of the candles were
tested and compared.

Results of the tests showed that the candle made from 100 percent paraffin wax had the
lowest melting rate, lowest amount of melted candle, and a light intensity of 100
candelas (cd). The 90:10 preparation had the next lowest melting rate and amount of
melted candle. The other preparations ranked according to the proportion of used
cooking oil in the candle, with the 50:50 preparation performing least comparably with
the 100 percent paraffin waxcandle.

Introduction

Today, candles are made not only for lighting purposes but for many other uses such as
home décor, novelty collections, as fixtures for big occasions (weddings, baptismals,
etc.), and as scented varieties for aromatherapy. Candles are made from different types of
waxes and oils.

Cooking oil is a major kitchen item in Filipino households. It is also used substantially in
fast-food outlets, where it is used in different stages of food preparations.
Ordinarily, used cooking oil is discarded. This waste oil pollutes and clogs canals and
sewerage systems.

Alternative Methods of Producing Iodized Salt

Abstract

Due to the high incidence of iodine deficiency diseases (IDD) in the Philippines, iodized
salt has become quite popular on the market. The aim of this research project is to
discover different methods of making cheap and accessible iodized salt. Different
gadgets were designed to mix the salt and potassium iodate (KIO3) adequately. The
iodometric titration method was used to test for the iodine content of the manufactured
salt. To prove the efficiency and consistency of the gadget, the Analysis of Variance
(ANOVA) test was performed. It has been shown that the iodine has been evenly
distributed at 100 ppm, which is the standard amount. Thus, satisfactory results have
been obtained. However, ways to improve the appearance and stability of the salt under
storage may still be pursued.

Introduction

Iodine deficiency diseases (IDD) are very common in the Philippines, especially in the
mountainous regions and in regions located in inland areas without direct access to the
sea. In 1987, about 3.5 percent of the population was affected with IDD, according to the
goiter prevalence survey done by Food and Nutrition Research Institute (FNRI).

Cassava starch as an effective component for

Ideal Biodegradable Plastic

Inventions have evolved and continue to evolve such that after several years of study,
research and experimentation reach great developments. With continuing efforts to
investigate the constituents of Philippine plants, we have pursued investigation of starch
of the cassava plant (Manihot esculenta). Cassava tubers were gathered, ground and
squeezed to extract starch. Starch obtained was weighed and divided into three equal
parts; 80 grams in T1, T2 and T3.

Treatments also consisted of 60 ml plastic resin glue and resin with 50 grams of flour
catalyst for T1, 100 grams for T2 and 150 grams in T3. The components in every
treatment were mixed, stirred and then poured in silk screen with oil and then sun-dried.
Test for capacity to carry weight indicated T3 as the best. For its ability to hold water, all
products passed but for biodegradability, T1 gave the best results. The tensile and
bending properties had been tested using the Universal Testing Machine and Analysis
showed that T3 had the greatest tensile strength while T2 had the greatest bending
property. Using ANOVA single Factor, results showed that there was significant
difference among the three treatments in bending and tensile strength. However, for
biodegradability test there was no significant difference. The final phase of the study
determined the effectiveness of cassava starch as component of biodegradable plastic.
Results confirmed that cassava starch is ideal as tests proved its worth.

Insecticidal Property of Acacia Seeds and Bark

Against Termites

Insecticidal Property of Acacia (Samanea saman) Seeds and Bark

AgainstTermites (Coptotermes vastator). A study on the insecticidal property ofAcacia
seeds and bark against termites was conducted to find out if these could be used
against termites. The experiment was conducted at the laboratory of the Bureau of
Soils in Lipa City and in Lumbang National High School from September to October
2005. The effort was initiated to enrich the laboratory activities in Chemistry and
Biology for high school students.

It especially attempted to answer the following questions:

1. How can insecticides be prepared from Acacia seeds and bark?

2. How effective is the Acacia insecticide in combating or
killing termites(Coptotermes vastator);
3. Are there significant differences in the effectiveness of the ethanolic Acacia
extract and commercial insecticide (Solignum) in combatingtermites?
4. What are the implications of the use of Acacia seeds as insecticide on the
environment and human health?

Ethanolic extracts were prepared from the seeds and bark of Acacia collected from
areas surrounding Laurel farm in Lumbang, Lipa City. These extracts were used as
samples in the qualitative analysis and preliminary screening for insecticidal property
against termites. The screening of the ethanolic extracts from Acacia seeds and bark
revealed the presence of saponin, tannins, alkaloids, reducing agents – glycosides,
carbohydrates, which have the capacity to kill termites. The one-way Analysis of
Variance (ANOVA) was used in comparing the means of the effect of the ethanolic
extracts againsttermites. Results were positive, showing the experimental sample to be
comparable to Solignum.