4/09/15'

Principle'of'Informa5on'Systems'
Week'1'
(Sipat'Triukose)'

Informa5on'Systems'
Whats'an'informa5on'system?'
A'system'is'a'set'of'elements'that'interact'to'
accomplish'a'goal'or'set'of'objec5ves.''
The'components'of'a'system'include'inputs,'
processing'mechanisms,'and'outputs.''
A'system'uses'feedback'to'monitor'and'control'its'
opera5on'to'make'sure'that'it'con5nues'to'meet'
its'goals'and'objec5ves.''

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4/09/15'

Why Learn About Information Systems?

Businesses:''
Can'use'informa5on'systems'to'increase'revenues'
and'reduce'costs'

Informa5on'systems'used'by:'
Sales'representa5ves'
Managers'
Financial'advisors'

Informa5on'systems:'
Indispensable'tools'to'help'you'achieve'your'career'
goals'
Informa5on'Systems,'Tenth'Edi5on'

Dissec5on'of'this'class'
Networking'

Informa5on'system'architecture;'
internet'and'web'protocols''

Programming'

web'applica5on'framework;'MVC'
paXern;'middleware,'remote'procedure'
call,'UI/UX'design,'RESTful'API'design;''

Security'

authen5ca5on,'authoriza5on,'directory'
services;'informa5on'security,'basic'
cryptography,'digital'signature.''

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4/09/15'

Rela5onship'among'other'classes'

Computer'
Architecture'&'
Organiza5on'

Principles'of'
Informa5on'
Systems'

Enterprise'
Informa5on'
Systems'

Principle:*'
The*value*of*informa3on*is*directly*linked*to*how*it*
helps*decision*makers*achieve*the*organiza3ons*goals.*'
'

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4/09/15'

Information Concepts
Data, Information, and Knowledge
Informa5on:''

One'of'an'organiza5on s'most'valuable'resources''
O`en'confused'with'the'term'data'

Data:'

Raw'facts'

Informa5on:'

Collec5on'of'facts'organized'in'such'a'way'that'they'
have'value'beyond'the'facts'themselves'

Process:'

Set'of'logically'related'tasks'''

Knowledge:'

Awareness'and'understanding'of'a'set'of'informa5on'

Informa5on'Systems,'Tenth'Edi5on'

Data,'Informa5on,'and'Knowledge'
(con5nued)'

Informa5on'Systems,'Tenth'
Edi5on'

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4/09/15'

Data,'Informa5on,'and'Knowledge'
(con5nued)'

Informa5on'Systems,'Tenth'
Edi5on'

Data,'Informa5on,'and'Knowledge'
(con5nued)'

Informa5on'Systems,'Tenth'
Edi5on'

5'

4/09/15'

The Characteristics of Valuable

Information
If'an'organiza5on s'informa5on'is'not'
accurate'or'complete:'
People'can'make'poor'decisions,'cos5ng'
thousands,'or'even'millions,'of'dollars'

Depending'on'the'type'of'data'you'need:'
Some'characteris5cs'become'more'important'
than'others'

Informa5on'Systems,'Tenth'Edi5on'

The Characteristics of Valuable

Information (continued)

Informa5on'Systems,'Tenth'
Edi5on'

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4/09/15'

The Value of Information

Directly'linked'to'how'it'helps'decision'makers'
achieve'their'organiza5on s'goals'
Valuable'informa5on:''
Can'help'people'and'their'organiza5ons'perform'
tasks'more'eciently'and'eec5vely'

Informa5on'Systems,'Tenth'Edi5on'

Principle:*'
Computers*and*informa3on*systems*help*make*it*
possible*for*organiza3ons*to*improve*the*way*they*
conduct*business.*'
'

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4/09/15'

System Concepts
System:
Set of elements or components that interact to
accomplish goals

Components of a system:
Inputs
Processing mechanisms
Outputs
Feedback
Informa5on'Systems,'Tenth'Edi5on'

System Concepts (continued)

Informa5on'Systems,'Tenth'
Edi5on'

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4/09/15'

System Performance and

Standards
Eciency:'
Measure'of'what'is'produced'divided'by'what'is'
consumed'

Eec5veness:'
Measure'of'the'extent'to'which'a'system'aXains'
its'goals'

System'performance'standard:'
Specic'objec5ve'of'the'system'
Informa5on'Systems,'Tenth'Edi5on'

'System'Performance'and'Standards'
(con5nued)'

Informa5on'Systems,'Tenth'
Edi5on'

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4/09/15'

'System'Performance'and'Standards'
(con5nued)'

Informa5on'Systems,'Tenth'
Edi5on'

Principle:*'
Knowing*the*poten3al*impact*of*informa3on*systems*
and*having*the*ability*to*put*this*knowledge*to*work*
can*result*in*a*successful*personal*career*and*
organiza3ons*that*reach*their*goals.*'
'

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4/09/15'

What is an Information System?

Information system (IS) is a set of
interrelated elements that:
Collect (input)
Manipulate (process)
Store
Disseminate (output) data and information
Provide a corrective reaction (feedback
mechanism) to meet an objective
Informa5on'Systems,'Tenth'Edi5on'

What'is'an'Informa5on'System?'
(con5nued)'

Informa5on'Systems,'Tenth'
Edi5on'

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4/09/15'

Input, Processing, Output,

Feedback
Input:'
Ac5vity'of'gathering'and'capturing'raw'data'

Processing:'
Conver5ng'data'into'useful'outputs'

Output:'
Produc5on'of'useful'informa5on,'usually'in'the'form'
of'documents'and'reports'

Feedback:'
Informa5on'from'the'system'that'is'used'to'make'
changes'to'input'or'processing'ac5vi5es'
Informa5on'Systems,'Tenth'Edi5on'

Manual and Computerized

Information Systems
An'informa5on'system'can'be:'
Manual'or'computerized'

Example:'
Investment'analysts'manually'draw'charts'and'trend'
lines'to'assist'them'in'making'investment'decisions'

Computerized'informa5on'systems:'
Follow'stock'indexes'and'markets'and'suggest'when'
large'blocks'of'stocks'should'be'purchased'or'sold'

Informa5on'Systems,'Tenth'Edi5on'

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4/09/15'

ComputeriBased'Informa5on'Systems'
Single'set'of'hardware,'so`ware,'databases,'
telecommunica5ons,'people,'and'procedures:''
That'are'congured'to'collect,'manipulate,'store,'
and'process'data'into'informa5on'

Technology'infrastructure:'''
Includes'all'hardware,'so`ware,'databases,'
telecommunica5ons,'people,'and'procedures'''
Congured'to'collect,'manipulate,'store,'and'process'
data'into'informa5on'
Informa5on'Systems,'Tenth'Edi5on'

Computer-Based Information Systems

(continued)

Informa5on'Systems,'Tenth'
Edi5on'

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4/09/15'

ComputeriBased'Informa5on'Systems'
(con5nued)'
Hardware:''
Consists'of'computer'equipment'used'to'perform'
input,'processing,'and'output'ac5vi5es'

So`ware:''
Consists'of'the'computer'programs'that'govern'the'
opera5on'of'the'computer'

Database:''
Organized'collec5on'of'facts'and'informa5on,'
typically'consis5ng'of'two'or'more'related'data'les'
Informa5on'Systems,'Tenth'Edi5on'

ComputeriBased'Informa5on'Systems'
(con5nued)'
Telecommunica5ons,'networks,'and'the'Internet'
The'electronic'transmission'of'signals'for'
communica5ons'

Networks''
Connect'computers'and'equipment'to'enable'
electronic'communica5on'

Internet''
World s'largest'computer'network,'consis5ng'of'
thousands'of'interconnected'networks,'all'freely'
exchanging'informa5on'
Informa5on'Systems,'Tenth'Edi5on'

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4/09/15'

ComputeriBased'Informa5on'Systems'
(con5nued)'
Intranet:'
Internal'network'that'allows'people'within'an'
organiza5on'to'exchange'informa5on'and'work'on'
projects'

Extranet:'

Network'that'allows'selected'outsiders,'such'as'business'
partners'and'customers,'to'access'authorized'resources'of'
a'company s'intranet'

People:''

The'most'important'element'in'most'computeribased'
informa5on'systems'

Procedures:**
'

Include'strategies,'policies,'methods,'and'rules'for'using'
the'CBIS'

Informa5on'Systems,'Tenth'Edi5on'

Business Information Systems

Most'common'types'of'informa5on'systems:'
Those'designed'for'electronic'and'mobile'
commerce,'transac5on'processing,'management'
informa5on,'and'decision'support'

Some'organiza5ons'employ:'
Specialipurpose'systems,'such'as'virtual'reality,'
that'not'every'organiza5on'uses'

Informa5on'Systems,'Tenth'Edi5on'

15'

4/09/15'

Business Information Systems

(continued)

Informa5on'Systems,'Tenth'
Edi5on'

Electronic and Mobile Commerce

Eicommerce:'
Any'business'transac5on'executed'electronically'
between:'
Companies'(businessitoibusiness,'B2B)'
Companies'and'consumers'(businessitoiconsumer,'
B2C)'
Consumers'and'other'consumers'(consumeritoi
consumer,'C2C)'
Business'and'the'public'sector'
Consumers'and'the'public'sector'

Informa5on'Systems,'Tenth'Edi5on'

16'

4/09/15'

Electronic and Mobile Commerce

(continued)
Mobile'commerce'(micommerce):'
The'use'of'mobile,'wireless'devices'to'place'
orders'and'conduct'business'

Eicommerce:'
Can'enhance'a'company s'stock'prices'and'
market'value'

Electronic'business'(eibusiness):*''
Uses'informa5on'systems'and'the'Internet'to'
perform'all'businessirelated'tasks'and'func5ons'
Informa5on'Systems,'Tenth'Edi5on'

Electronic'and'Mobile'Commerce'
(con5nued)'

Informa5on'Systems,'Tenth'
Edi5on'

17'

4/09/15'

Business'Informa5on'Systems'(con5nued)'

Informa5on'Systems,'Tenth'
Edi5on'

Enterprise'Systems:'Transac5on'Processing'
Systems'and'Enterprise'Resource'Planning'
Transac5on:'
Any'businessirelated'exchange,'such'as'
payments'to'employees'and'sales'to'customers'''

Transac5on'processing'system'(TPS):'
Organized'collec5on'of'people,'procedures,'
so`ware,'databases,'and'devices'used'to'record'
completed'business'transac5ons'

Informa5on'Systems,'Tenth'Edi5on'

18'

4/09/15'

Enterprise'Systems:'Transac5on'Processing'
Systems'and'Enterprise'Resource'Planning'
(con5nued)'

Informa5on'Systems,'Tenth'
Edi5on'

Enterprise'Systems:'Transac5on'
Processing'Systems'and'Enterprise'
Resource'Planning'(con5nued)'
Enterprise'resource'planning:'
Set'of'integrated'programs'that:'''
Manages'the'vital'business'opera5ons'for'an'en5re'
mul5site,'global'organiza5on'

Most'systems'provide'integrated'so`ware'to'
support'manufacturing'and'nance'

Informa5on'Systems,'Tenth'Edi5on'

19'

4/09/15'

Information and Decision Support

Systems
Management'informa5on'system'(MIS):''
Organized'collec5on'of'people,'procedures,'
so`ware,'databases,'and'devices'that:''
Provides'rou5ne'informa5on'to'managers'and'decision'
makers'

Informa5on'Systems,'Tenth'Edi5on'

Information and Decision Support

Systems (continued)

Informa5on'Systems,'Tenth'
Edi5on'

20'

4/09/15'

Information and Decision Support

Systems (continued)
Decision'support'system'(DSS):''
Organized'collec5on'of'people,'procedures,'
so`ware,'databases,'and'devices'that'support'
problemispecic'decision'making'
Used'when'problem'is'complex'and'informa5on'
needed'to'determine'appropriate'ac5on'is'
dicult'to'obtain'

Informa5on'Systems,'Tenth'Edi5on'

Information and Decision Support

Systems (continued)

Informa5on'Systems,'Tenth'
Edi5on'

21'

4/09/15'

Specialized'Business'Informa5on'Systems'
Knowledge'management'systems'(KMSs):'
Organized'collec5on'of'people,'procedures,'
so`ware,'databases,'and'devices'to:'
Create,'store,'share,'and'use'the'organiza5on s'
knowledge'and'experience'

Ar5cial'intelligence'(AI):'
Computer'system'takes'on'characteris5cs'of'
human'intelligence'
Informa5on'Systems,'Tenth'Edi5on'

Specialized Business Information

Systems (continued)

Informa5on'Systems,'Tenth'
Edi5on'

22'

4/09/15'

Specialized Business Information

Systems (continued)
Expert'systems:'
Give'computer'ability'to'make'sugges5ons'and'
func5on'like'an'expert'in'a'par5cular'eld'

Virtual'reality:''
Simula5on'of'a'real'or'imagined'environment'that'
can'be'experienced'visually'in'three'dimensions'

Informa5on'Systems,'Tenth'Edi5on'

Principle:*'
System*users,*business*managers,*and*informa3on*
systems*professionals*must*work*together*to*build*a*
successful*informa3on*system.*'

23'

4/09/15'

Systems Development
Systems'development:'
The'ac5vity'of'crea5ng'or'modifying'exis5ng'
business'systems'

Outsourcing:'
Allows'a'company'to'focus'on'what'it'does'best'
and'delegate'other'func5ons'to'companies'with'
exper5se'in'systems'development'
'
Informa5on'Systems,'Tenth'Edi5on'

Systems Development (continued)

Informa5on'Systems,'Tenth'
Edi5on'

24'

4/09/15'

Systems Investigation and Analysis

Goal'of'systems'inves5ga5on:'
To'gain'clear'understanding'of'the'problem'to'be'
solved'or'opportunity'to'be'addressed'

Systems'analysis:'
Denes'the'problems'and'opportuni5es'of'the'
exis5ng'system'

'

Informa5on'Systems,'Tenth'Edi5on'

Systems Design, Implementation,

and Maintenance and Review
Systems'design:'
Determines'how'new'system'will'work'to'meet''
business'needs'dened'during'systems'analysis'

Systems'implementa5on:'
Acquiring'various'system'components'dened'in'
design'step,'assembling'them,'and'pumng'the'new'
system'into'opera5on'

Systems'maintenance'and'review:'
Checks'and'modies'the'system'so'that'it'con5nues'to'
meet'changing'business'needs'
Informa5on'Systems,'Tenth'Edi5on'

25'

4/09/15'

Principle:*'
Informa3on*systems*must*be*applied*thoughDully*and*
carefully*so*that*society,*business,*and*industry*around*
the*globe*can*reap*their*enormous*benets.*'

Informa5on'Systems'in'Society,'
Business,'and'Industry'
Informa5on'systems:''
Have'been'developed'to'meet'the'needs'of'all'
types'of'organiza5ons'and'people'
Speed'and'widespread'use'opens'users'to'a'
variety'of'threats'from'unethical'people'

Informa5on'Systems,'Tenth'Edi5on'

26'

4/09/15'

Security, Privacy, and Ethical

Issues in IS and the Internet
Drawbacks'of'informa5on'systems:'
Personal'data,'including'Social'Security'and'credit'
card'numbers,'can'be'lost'or'stolen'

To'protect'against'threats'to'your'privacy'and'
data:''
Install'security'and'control'measures'

Use'of'informa5on'systems:''''
Raises'work'concerns,'including'job'loss'through'
increased'eciency'''
Informa5on'Systems,'Tenth'Edi5on'

Summary
Data'
Raw'facts'

Informa5on'
Collec5on'of'facts'organized'in'such'a'way'that'they'
have'value'beyond'the'facts'themselves'

System'
Set'of'elements'that'interact'to'accomplish'a'goal'

Components'of'an'informa5on'system'
Input,'processing,'output,'and'feedback'
Principles'of'Informa5on'
Systems,'Ninth'Edi5on'

54

27'

4/09/15'

Summary (continued)
Computeribased'informa5on'system'(CBIS)'
Single'set'of'hardware,'so`ware,'databases,'
telecommunica5ons,'people,'and'procedures''
Congured'to'collect,'manipulate,'store,'and'process'
data'into'informa5on'

Transac5on'processing'system'(TPS)'
Organized'collec5on'of'people,'procedures,'
so`ware,'databases,'and'devices'
Used'to'record'completed'business'transac5ons'
Principles'of'Informa5on'
Systems,'Ninth'Edi5on'

55

Summary (continued)
Management'informa5on'system'(MIS)'

Organized'collec5on'of'people,'procedures,'so`ware,'
databases,'and'devices''

That'provides'rou5ne'informa5on'to'managers'and'decision'
makers'

Decision'support'system'(DSS)'

Organized'collec5on'of'people,'procedures,'so`ware,'
databases,'and'devices'
Used'to'support'problemispecic'decision'making'

Systems'development'

Crea5ng'or'modifying'exis5ng'business'systems'

Principles'of'Informa5on'
Systems,'Ninth'Edi5on'

56

28'