Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Test Sections
Section 1
Essay
Section 2
Section 3
Section 4
Section 6
Section 7
These sample essays were originally handwritten by students but are shown typed here for ease
of reading. The essays are displayed exactly as students wrote them, without any corrections to
spelling, punctuation, or syntax. One handwritten sample essay is provided to illustrate the need
for legible and clear handwriting.
Section 8
Section 9
Section 10
Exemplars:
Essay Prompt
Think carefully about the issue presented in the following excerpt and the assignment below.
ed
For a variety of reasons, people often make choices that have negative results. Later, they
regret these choices, finding out too late that bad choices can be costly. On the other hand,
decisions that seem completely reasonable when they are made may also be the cause of
later disappointment and suffering. What looks like a wonderful idea at one time can later
seem like the worst decision that could have been made. Good choices, too, can be costly.
is
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Are bad choices and good choices equally likely to have negative consequences? Plan and
write an essay in which you develop your point of view on this issue. Support your position
with reasoning and examples taken from your reading, studies, experience, or observations.
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Test Sections
Section 1
Section 2
Section 3
Section 4
If
and
when
Section 6
Section 7
(A)
Section 8
(B)
Section 9
(C)
Section 10
(D)
(E)
AND EXPLANATIONS
ed
ANSWERS
into the
which simplifies to
er
equation
and
is
t
or
eg
or
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and
or
and
or
and
or
and
then
If
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
ANSWERS
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AND EXPLANATIONS
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it follows that
equals
and
then
and
then
then
then
and
and
re
is
te
On the number line above, the tick marks are equally spaced. What is the value of
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eg
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
marks must be
Therefore
corresponds to
corresponds to
is
is the value of
value of
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number line, so
is the value of
and
difference between
number line, so
re
te
is
that was
approximately
eg
I.
Central
II.
Eastern
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Southern
III.
(A)
I only
(B)
II only
(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
was approximately
of
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Therefore, only in
approximately
of that in
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of the elephant
population in
was approximately
re
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te
(A)
(B)
(C)
(E)
eg
(D)
AND EXPLANATIONS
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ANSWERS
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the function
For all numbers
following has a negative value?
Which of the
is defined by
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
is
at
re
is
te
at
is
eg
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at
is
is
at
at
is
If
divides square
bisects
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
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(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
is
is
of
re
If the area of
is
te
so its length is
eg
If the area of
bisects
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so its length is
While driving on a
hours. In terms of
were
which is
If the area of
bisects
However,
so the height of
which is
However,
were
so its length is
so the height of
bisects
However,
which is
so the height of
bisects
However,
were
If the area of
so its length is
it follows that
bisects
is a
divides
Since
Since
that
because
is
square of side
where
so the height of
were
which is
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
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there are
must be
miles, remain to be
miles, not
miles. Therefore,
miles, not
traveled.
re
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In the figure above, the average (arithmetic mean) of the numbers in each column is
If the three circled numbers are moved from the left to the right column, which of
the following combinations of numbers can then be moved from the right to the left
remains the average of the numbers in each column?
column so that
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(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
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numbers, then the average of the numbers in the left column would be
numbers, then the average of the numbers in the left column would be
numbers, then the average of the numbers in the left column would be
P.M.,
By
P.M.,
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10
ed
is
(B)
(C)
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(D)
(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
students, then
junior class is
by
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not
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and when
not
by
not
11
re
d
(B)
te
(C)
(D)
eg
is
(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
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and
gives
Solving for
therefore,
is
is equilateral,
and
and the
If
is equilateral,
and
and the
If
is equilateral,
and
and the
If
were
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then
is equilateral,
and
and the
If
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12
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
AND EXPLANATIONS
ed
ANSWERS
er
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(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
it follows that
and further to
center
is
te
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eg
is
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14
seconds. If
following defines
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
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times. Hence,
open
te
15
re
is
(B)
is
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eg
is
(A)
are
and
are
and
(E)
is
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
but
is also a possible
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but
is also a possible
was blue, so
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16
If
(B)
(C)
(D)
AND EXPLANATIONS
te
ANSWERS
re
(E)
is
eg
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17
If the integer
divided by
is divided by
the remainder is
is
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
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ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
ed
er
is
t
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eg
18
when
is
minutes
cents for the first
The daytime telephone rate between two cities is
percent on
cents for each additional minute. The total charge is reduced
and
-minute call made at
P.M. The cost, in dollars, of a
calls made after
P.M. between these two cities is
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
There are
or
minutes cost
dollar.
cents, or
cents,
dollars.
from the
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to account for
or
as their
re
(A)
19
(B)
te
(C)
(D)
(E)
is
AND EXPLANATIONS
eg
ANSWERS
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20
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squares.
and
(A)
square units
(B)
square units
(C)
square units
(D)
square units
(E)
square units
AND EXPLANATIONS
ANSWERS
re
te
units. Similarly,
and
and
units, and so on. Moreover, the points
are separated by
units. The
are the vertices of a square that has sides of length
are diameters of the circle that passes through
diagonals of square
is
and
the points
and
of square
eg
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the circle is
square units.
had length
square units if
units.
is
had length
square units if
is
units.
is
had length
square units if
units.
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Test Sections
Section 1
Section 2
Section 3
Section 4
Section 6
Although visitors initially may find touring the city by subway to be -------, they are
pleased to discover that subways are an inexpensive and ------- way to get around.
Section 7
(A)
wasteful. . generous
Section 8
(B)
daunting. . efficient
Section 9
Section 10
enjoyable. . easy
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
ed
(E)
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One critic asserts that modern urban architecture causes sensory deprivation because
it fails to provide visual and tactile -------.
(A)
latency
(B)
stimulation
(C) complacence
(D) confusion
(E)
extension
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
re
te
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Because little rain falls in the district during summer, municipalities are necessarily
------- to ------- water from winter storms.
(A)
ready. . squander
(B)
reluctant. . retain
(E)
unwilling. . conserve
ANSWERS
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AND EXPLANATIONS
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re
te
is
eg
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Toni Cade Bambaras novels are engrossing because the protagonists, in striving to
achieve goals, are not simply ------- characters.
(A)
passive
(B)
tangible
(C) abandoned
(D) autonomous
(E)
redundant
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
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of being physically handled or grasped. If one were to insert this term into the text,
the sentence would read "Toni Cade Bambara's novels are engrossing because the
protagonists, in striving to achieve goals, are not simply tangible characters." An
author can create characters who seem real, but it is impossible to make a
character in a book physically real.
te
re
d
Once his integrity had been -------, the mayoral candidate was quick both to ------these attacks and to issue counterattacks.
(A)
debunked . . buttress
(B)
restored . . recommence
is
vitiated . . avoid
eg
(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
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Passage 1
ed
er
is
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Passage 2
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20
(B)
(C) implying that the Tramp was derived from a comic strip
(D) asserting that the Tramp was the only character he portrayed
ANSWERS
ed
(E)
AND EXPLANATIONS
er
st
eg
i
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optimistic
(B)
ambiguous
(C) sincere
(D) complicated
(E)
humorous
ANSWERS
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AND EXPLANATIONS
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(A)
more defensive
(B)
more laudatory
re
te
less pretentious
eg
is
(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
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(B)
(C) Passage 1 examines the origin of the Tramp figure; Passage 2 traces the
comedic evolution of the Tramp.
(D) Passage 1 illustrates how Chaplin gained fame as the Tramp; Passage 2
discusses Chaplins love of comic figures like the Tramp.
(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
ed
er
is
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eg
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The following passage is from a 1994 novel about a young woman named Sophie who
at age eleven had left Haiti to join her mother in New York.
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composition
and literature classes.
When my mother was home, she made me
read out
loud from the English Composition textbooks.
The first
words I read sounded like rocks falling in a
15
stream. Then
very slowly things began to take on meaning.
There were
words that I heard often. Words that jump out
of New York
1
re
20
te
is
25
eg
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U
30
35
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detect my
accent. I wanted to sound completely American,
especially
for him.
Where are you from? he asked.
Haiti.
45
Ah, do you speak Creole?
50
55
te
re
is
60
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eg
65
70
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10
she resented how hard her mother had to work to send her there
(B)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
re
(E)
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11
(B)
(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
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Choice (A) is correct. Sophies notion that her first words sound like "rocks falling
in a stream" shows that she hears the words as discrete sounds, unconnected to
one another. Consequently, the comparison is used to describe the halting or
choppy pace of Sophie's speech.
ed
12
(A)
(B)
er
ANSWERS
is
t
(E)
AND EXPLANATIONS
eg
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13
(B)
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(D)
(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
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is
14
(B)
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(D) has apparently decided that she should hide her heritage from Joseph
(E)
has rarely questioned the decisions others have made for her
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
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15
(B)
(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
te
re
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is
16
nR
(A)
(B)
(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
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Choice (B) is incorrect. The narrative provides no evidence that the topic of choice is
frightening to Sophie or that using her name is meant to avoid frightening her.
17
what she wants and what her mother wants are radically different
(B)
medical school would require her mother to make even more financial
sacrifices
(C) Joseph expects her to follow his dreams instead of her own
(D) she is uncomfortable with the long years of schooling that becoming a
doctor entails
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
(E)
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e
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18
(B)
(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
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ed
The following passage is from an essay written in 1991 about fences in suburban
culture.
er
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20
25
re
te
is
30
eg
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35
conclusus .
If the space within the wall was a garden, then
what was
that outside the wall? To the Puritans the whole
American
landscape was a promised land and to draw
lines around
sections of it was to throw this paramount idea
40
into question.
When Anne Bradstreet, the Massachusetts
colonys first
poet, set about writing a traditional English
garden ode, she
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comes to
the same thing) made it capacious enough to
take in the
45 whole of America.
The nineteenth-century transcendentalists,
too, considered
the American landscape Gods second
book and they
taught us to read it for moral instruction.
Residues of this
idea persist, of course; we still regard and write
about nature
with high moral purpose (an approach that still
50
produces a
great deal of pious prose). And though, in our
own nature
writing, guilt seems to have taken the rhetorical
place of
nineteenth-century ecstasy, the essential
religiosity remains.
We may no longer spell it out, but most of us
still believe
the landscape is somehow sacred, and to
55
meddle with it
sacrilegious. And to set up hierarchies within
itto set off
a garden from the surrounding countryside
well, that
makes no sense at all.
ed
er
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19
(A)
caressed
(B)
adopted
(C) enfolded
(D) included
(E)
encircled
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
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20
(B)
(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
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21
(B)
(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
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22
grandiose ideal
(B)
extreme vanity
ed
extravagant edifice
ANSWERS
is
te
r
(E)
AND EXPLANATIONS
eg
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23
The discussion in lines 41-45 (When Anne . . . America) implies that Anne
Bradstreets garden poetry
(A)
(B)
(E)
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ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
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24
eg
is
(B)
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(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
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Test Sections
Section 1
Section 2
Section 3
Section 4
then
If
Section 6
(A)
Section 7
(B)
Section 8
(C)
Section 9
(D)
Section 10
(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
re
te
is
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eg
is
If
is
result is
less than
and
is
more than
when
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
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and
is
more than
and
then
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then
were
and the value of
so the value of
not
would be
then
were
and the value of
so the value of
not
would be
were
then
If
would be
so the value of
then
not
would be
then
were
and the value of
so the value of
not
would be
ed
st
er
(A)
nR
(B)
eg
i
(C)
(D)
(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
more
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Choice (C) is not correct. There are four and one-half more full cups in the Coffee
responses.
row than the in Hot cider row and the half-cup represents
If
following?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
is a positive odd
number, and
is the
re
only number among the options that is the product of consecutive integers of which
the smaller is odd. That is
te
is
and
and
as the product of two positive integers
integers. The only ways to write
In each of the products, the integers
and
are as
where
are not consecutive.
eg
and
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and
as the product of two positive integers
integers. The only ways to write
In the first two products, the
and
are as
where
which is not
integers are not consecutive. The last product corresponds to
an even integer.
and
and
and
and
as the product of two positive integers
In each of the products, the
and
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(B)
(C) Shirts with pockets and buttons (some possibly with collars)
ANSWERS
te
(E)
re
(D) Shirts with pockets and collars (some possibly with buttons)
AND EXPLANATIONS
is
Choice (C) is correct. The shaded region covers all of the area where
and
overlap, so every shirt represented by this region must have both pockets and
so some of these shirts have collars.
buttons. Some of the shaded region is in
eg
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represented by only the small region in the center where all three regions
overlap. The shaded region includes but is larger than this small center
and
region.
and
overlap.
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is
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
This simplifies to
not
were
is
te
be
re
so
would
would
were
would
were
would
not
eg
be
were
nR
not
be
be
not
and
If
where
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
ANSWERS
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AND EXPLANATIONS
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and therefore
it follows that
Since
equation
gives the
by
by
so
is equal to
However,
would be equal to
then
were equal to
and
in this case.
but
and
Therefore,
in this case.
However,
Therefore,
is
t
and
respectively, then
have values
and
but
er
ed
However,
and
respectively, then
and
have values
eg
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respectively, then
and
have values
However,
but
Therefore,
in this case.
U
8
and
and
lies on
In terms of
equivalent to
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
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ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
This simplifies to
must be
Thus,
which simplifies to
to
equivalent to
is equivalent
Hence,
is
and
angle
of angle
then
would equal
statement
then
would equal
statement
positive measure.
Therefore,
statement
then
er
e
would equal
is an angle of
is equivalent to
which
only if
is not necessarily true for the given figure. The question asks for an expression that
must be equivalent to
st
Alternatively, a close examination of the figure (which is drawn to scale) shows that
which equals
then
would equal
so
is less than
eg
i
the measure of
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which
only if
is equivalent to
Therefore,
statement
is not necessarily true for the given figure. The question asks for an expression that
must be equivalent to
In fact, a close examination of the figure (which is drawn to scale) shows that the
measure of
, which equals
is less than
so
cannot be
equivalent to
If
Your Response:
Explanation:
so
10
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or
. Since
the equation
also holds,
tablespoons
cups of flour and
loaves of bread requires
A recipe for making
loaves of
of baking powder. If the proportions in this recipe are to be used to make
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bread, how many cups of flour will be needed? (Do not round your answer.)
Your Response:
Explanation:
or
Therefore,
of the
Alternatively,
so
loaves, so
loaves of bread.
ed
11
er
st
eg
i
and
intersect at
If
and
bisects
nR
Your Response:
Correct Response(s): 40
Explanation:
. Since
which is
intersect at
the measure of
12
and
which is
is half of
the measure of
Since
bisects
So
The length and width of a rectangle have integer values. If the area of the rectangle
what is one possible value for the perimeter of the rectangle?
is
Your Response:
Explanation:
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and
13
Your Response:
Correct Response(s): 14
Explanation:
So the sum is
re
14
te
is
eg
nR
Your Response:
Explanation:
respondents took
of the
of the
of the
respondents
15
If
and
where
Your Response:
Explanation:
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So, if
then it
and, if
so
16
re
Your Response:
Correct Response(s): 4
eg
is
te
Explanation:
is
Therefore,
nR
and
is the distance
-axis, which is
which is also
to
17
to the
where
from
is
In the
mile is
miles is
-mile ride?
(Disregard the $ sign when gridding your answer. If, for example, your answer is
)
grid
Your Response:
Explanation:
where
traveled, and
file://E:\\b5.htm
of a mile
of a mile is
2006-11-12
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so
miles is
so
miles is
or in fraction form as
18
and
Your Response:
Correct Response(s): 10
Explanation:
ed
. If the function
then
er
can be written as
Solving for
yields
is
t
eg
nR
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Test Sections
Section 1
Section 2
Section 3
Section 4
A stranger, the students were surprised to see him enter the classroom carrying a
bowling ball.
Section 6
Section 7
Section 8
Section 9
(A)
A stranger, the students were surprised to see him enter the classroom
carrying a bowling ball.
(B)
A stranger carrying a bowling ball, the students were surprised to see him
entering the classroom.
(C) The students were surprised to see a stranger enter the classroom, and he
carried a bowling ball.
Section 10
(D) The students were surprised to see a stranger carrying a bowling ball
enter the classroom.
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
The students, who were surprised to see a stranger enter the classroom
carrying a bowling ball.
re
(E)
is
te
eg
nR
Several of Frank Stellas paintings were inspired by the shapes of waves and whales,
titled after chapter headings from Moby-Dick.
(A)
(B)
paintings had their inspiration from the shapes of waves and whales with
titles
(C) paintings, inspired by the shapes of waves and whales, are titled
(D) paintings, which were inspired by the shapes of waves and whales and
which are titled
(E)
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ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
The mayor claimed that a majority of the property owners would have favored her
proposal if put to the vote.
is
te
re
(A)
(B)
eg
nR
(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
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The psychologist states that most people want the same things: interesting and
2006-11-12
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meaningful work, respect, and to have them be loved for themselves alone.
(A)
interesting and meaningful work, respect, and to have them be loved for
themselves alone
(B)
(C) work that has interest and is meaningful, to have respect, and to be
beloved for themselves alone
(D) interesting and meaningful work, respect, and their own love
(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
er
e
is
t
eg
nR
By employing exotic harmonies and making unusual use of instruments, Mahler was a
pathfinder from romanticism to modern music.
(A)
(B)
(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
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2006-11-12
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In the past, many famous painters meticulously ground their own colors, an attention
to detail that is noteworthy.
(A)
(B)
(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
ed
te
r
eg
is
nR
By including pieces of cloth, newspaper, wallpaper, and other materials in his work,
Picassos innovation had an important influence on twentieth-century art.
(A)
(B)
(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
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2006-11-12
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Once American films looked slick and commercial compared to European imports;
now, almost the reverse is true.
(A)
(B)
ANSWERS
re
AND EXPLANATIONS
te
(E)
is
nR
eg
(B)
(E)
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ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
ed
er
For many a brilliant architect, being free to innovate is more important than being
well paid.
is
t
10
(A)
(B)
eg
nR
(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
11
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What was not achieved in last years county voter registration drive was more than
compensated for by this year, which registered over three thousand new voters.
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(A)
(B)
(C) by this years drive, which registered over three thousand new voters
(D) when they registered three thousand new voters this year
(E)
this year, when they registered over three thousand new voters
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
er
ed
is
t
12
eg
For the cyclist exploring Irelands western cliffs, every road leading out of the town
nR
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
Corrected Sentence: For the cyclist exploring Irelands western cliffs, every road
leading out of the town of Clifden offers its own set of wonders.
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13
such a project
in 1524,
become
ANSWERS
a reality No error
.
AND EXPLANATIONS
Corrected Sentence:
re
te
is
eg
nR
14
The charm of Loftings book lies in the humorous reversal of rolesthe animals
guide, assist, and generally they take care of the helpless humans. No error
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
Corrected Sentence: The charm of Lofting's book lies in the humorous reversal of
roles the animals guide, assist, and generally take care of the helpless humans.
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15
industry, and so
ANSWERS
to perform
having
no sense
of
the process
as a whole No error
.
AND EXPLANATIONS
Corrected Sentence: People were trained to perform one tiny part of one process
in one department of one industry, and so they had no sense of the process as a
whole.
ed
er
is
t
eg
nR
U
16
The Stegosaurus, plant-eating dinosaurs with protective bony plates and tail spikes,
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
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17
Some plants use chemical signals that repel insects, and also, thesesignals help to
put neighboring plants on alert so they can mount their own defenses. No error
AND EXPLANATIONS
ANSWERS
re
Corrected Sentence: Some plants use chemical signals that repel insects, and
these signals help to put neighboring plants on alert so they can mount their own
defenses.
te
is
eg
nR
18
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
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The error in this sentence occurs at (B), where there is subject-verb disagreement.
The singular verb "encourages" does not agree with its plural subject, the relative
pronoun "that," which refers to the plural noun "projects."
19
No error
re
history and observe its people going about their ordinary activities.
eg
is
te
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
nR
20
Working with consummate skill, Picasso sketched a portrait of the youthful but
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ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
Corrected Sentence:
d
re
From 1566 until 1576 Santa Elena, now an excavation site in South Carolina, was the
te
21
is
1735. No error
eg
AND EXPLANATIONS
nR
ANSWERS
Corrected Sentence: From 1566 until 1576, Santa Elena, now an excavation site
in South Carolina, was the capital of Spanish Florida; however, it had become an
English settlement by 1735.
22
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Despite
on
placed
the juvenile offender
probation for an
ANSWERS
indecisive
period.
No error
AND EXPLANATIONS
Corrected Sentence: Despite the attorney's moving plea, the judge placed the
juvenile offender on probation for an indefinite period.
re
te
is
23
eg
Yearning for a truly representative art form of the Americas, the art world of the
nR
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
Corrected Sentence:
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24
ANSWERS
great deal of
about which
friction between
No error
AND EXPLANATIONS
Corrected Sentence: There has always been a great deal of friction between Joan
and me because we have opposing political views about which we are very vocal.
re
te
is
eg
nR
25
began to excavate the ruins he named the Pueblo Grande de Nevada, he unearthed
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
Corrected Sentence:
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and joins with the infinitive phrase "to excavate" to form an appropriate idiom.
26
which is likely to
win a prize
ANSWERS
at
cost-effective changes
the factory.
No error
AND EXPLANATIONS
Corrected Sentence: The supervisor cited three workers, each of whom is likely to
win a prize for having suggested cost-effective changes at the factory.
ed
is
te
r
eg
nR
27
Freedom of action and expression are at the foundation not only of our system of
government but also of our expectations concerning human relations at all levels of
society. No error
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
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28
While both disaster rescue workers and news reporters may face physical danger,
the latter can usually control his or her exposure to risk, whereas rescue workers
er
e
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
is
t
Corrected Sentence: While both disaster rescue workers and news reporters may
face physical danger, the latter can usually control their exposure to risk, whereas
rescue workers often cannot.
eg
nR
29
The refusal of the management to revise their policy on family leave caused an
ANSWERS
file://E:\\b6.htm
AND EXPLANATIONS
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re
(1) Some of the worlds greatest scientists have been women, and most
people still tend to think of science as a mans game. (2) There are
probably many reasons that more men than women had fame as
scientists. (3) Unequal access to educational opportunities is certainly one.
te
(4) But sometimes the reason is plain old-fashioned dishonesty. (5) James
Watson, Francis Crick, and Maurice Wilkins were awarded the Nobel Prize for the
discovery by them of the double helix structure of the DNA molecule. (6) The
discovery is seen by most as one of the greatest contributions to the modern
history of biology.
is
nR
eg
(7) One of the most important pieces of evidence used by Watson and Crick to
figure out this structure was an x-ray diffraction photograph that had been
taken by a woman, Rosalind Franklin. (8) Scientists often build on the work of
other scientists, but they usually do so openly. (9) Franklins photograph was
secretly shown to Watson by her colleague Maurice Wilkins. (10) Who never
told her what he had done. (11) And then Watson, Crick, and Wilkins gave
Nobel Prize lectures that contained 98 references to the work of other scientists,
not citing a single one of Franklins papers. (12) Of them only Wilkins in his
speech making even a casual reference to her when he said she made some
very valuable contributions to the x-ray analysis.
U
30
(A)
(B)
(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
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31
Omit it.
(B)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
ed
(E)
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32
(A)
(B)
(C) Some of the best-known names in science are those of men such as
Galileo and Einstein.
(D) The girls in my school are not given the same opportunities to study
scientific subjects as the boys are.
(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
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fame in science.
In context, which of the following is the best way to express the underlined portion of
sentence 5 (reproduced below) ?
ed
33
James Watson, Francis Crick, and Maurice Wilkins were awarded the Nobel Prize for
the discovery by them of the double helix structure of the DNA molecule.
te
r
(A)
(As it is now)
(B)
eg
is
(C) Watson, Crick, and Wilkins were awarded the Nobel Prize for the discovery
by them
(D) James Watson, Francis Crick, and Maurice Wilkins were awarded the Nobel
Prize for their discovery
(E)
But the Nobel Prize was awarded to Watson, Crick, and Wilkins for the
discovery
nR
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
34
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(reproduced below) ?
(As it is now)
(B)
(C) Unfortunately, she did not know that her colleague Maurice Wilkins had
secretly shown this photograph to Watson.
(D) In fact, Franklins colleague Maurice Wilkins never told her that he had
shown Watson the photograph.
(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
re
te
is
eg
nR
U
35
Which of the following is the best way to express the underlined portion of sentence
12 (reprinted below) ?
Of them only Wilkins in his speech making even a casual reference to her when he
said she made some very valuable contributions to the x-ray analysis.
(A)
(As it is now)
(B)
(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
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Privacy Policy
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er
e
st
eg
i
nR
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Test Sections
Section 1
Section 2
Section 3
Section 4
New data measuring the ------- of land beneath the oceans permit accurate
generalizations about the topography of the seafloor.
Section 6
Section 7
Section 8
(A)
models
(B)
contours
Section 9
(C) remnants
Section 10
(D) population
(E)
pigments
AND EXPLANATIONS
ANSWERS
re
te
eg
is
nR
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Excessive secrecy tends to ------- excessive curiosity and thus serves to ------- the
very impulses against which it guards.
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(A)
inhibit . . protect
(B)
disguise . . supplant
(E)
invite . . provoke
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
re
te
eg
is
nR
In frigid regions a layer of permafrost under the soil surface prevents water from
sinking deep into the soil, and so the water ------- the land, helping to create bog and
------- conditions.
(A)
freezes . . tropical
(B)
parches . . marsh
(E)
floods . . swamp
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
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create bog and swamp conditions." The first missing term describes what water
does when it cannot sink into soil, and the second missing term describes a
consequence of that situation. A piece of land "floods" when water cannot sink into
it, and this creates watery areas, or "swamps."
ed
er
is
t
eg
nR
Although the bystanders account of the car accident at first seemed -------, the
police officer was surprised, on further investigation, to find that it was -------.
(A)
dubious . . erroneous
(B)
incongruous . . inconsistent
(E)
probable . . coherent
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
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officer was surprised, on further investigation, to find that it was erroneous." The
officer would hardly have been surprised had a doubtful account turned out to be
full of errors. The sentence is illogical because the contrast signaled by the word
"although" does not occur.
ed
is
te
r
The legislation facing Congress was so ------- that it threatened to shatter the
governing bodys fragile bipartisanship.
(A)
divisive
(B)
transparent
(C) concordant
eg
(D) repetitive
rhetorical
nR
(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
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In All Gods Children Need Traveling Shoes, author Maya Angelou uses -------, brief
descriptive sketches, to provide ------- view of Ghana that clearly details the land and
its people.
(A)
missives. . an illusory
(B)
themes. . a thorough
(E)
abstracts. . an ambiguous
AND EXPLANATIONS
ANSWERS
re
te
eg
is
nR
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Because an older horse is more ------- than a younger one, it is safer for a novice
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rider.
(A)
frolicsome
(B)
cantankerous
(C) gargantuan
(D) tractable
(E)
precipitate
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
re
te
eg
is
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summary
(B)
fabrication
(C) consensus
(D) trove
(E)
replication
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
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re
te
is
eg
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anger
(B)
alarm
(C) impatience
(D) disbelief
(E)
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embarrassment
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ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
re
is
te
10
If the passage were to continue, the next paragraph would most likely discuss
(A)
(B)
the chemical reaction that occurs when drivers repeatedly honk their horns
in traffic
nR
eg
(C) the destination of the driver and the reason for the drivers haste
(D) the nature of the chemical reaction that occurs when people become
scared
(E)
important differences between the effects of truck horns and train whistles
on humans
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
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re
te
is
(B)
nR
eg
11
(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
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involved in science.
12
a political ideologue
(B)
an arbitrator of disputes
(E)
a champion of reform
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
re
is
te
eg
nR
Mark Twain is the pseudonym of Samuel Clemens (1835-1910), who is best known for
his stories about life along the Mississippi River. He also lectured and read from his
writings in many countries around the world. The following passages are adapted from
two essays about Clemens published while Clemens was still alive.
Passage 1
is a
subject which has never had much interest
for him, it is
as a humorist that the world persists in
regarding him. It is
certain that Mark Twain is the greatest genius
Line
evolved by
natural selection out of the ranks of American
5
journalism.
Crude, rudimentary, and often coarse as much
of his writing
was, it bore upon it the fresh stamp of
contemporary
2006-11-12
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10
15
unfathomably absurd
like the Irish, nor sharp and sensible and full of
the realities
of life like the Scottish, is simply the humor of
imagination.
It consists in piling towers on towers and
mountains on
mountains; of heaping a joke up to the stars
and extending
it to the end of the world.
Humor, it must be remembered, is a
function of
nationality. The same joke, as related by an
American,
a Scotsman, or an Irishman, carries with it a
distinctive
ethnic flavor and individuality of approach.
Indeed, it is
open to question whether most humor does not
require
some specialized knowledge of some particular
locality.
The secret of Mark Twains worldwide
popularity as a
humorist is not to be attributed to any tricks of
style, to
any breadth of knowledge, or even to any depth
of intellectuality. His humor has international range
because it is
constructed out of a deep comprehension of
human nature
and a profound sympathy for human
relationships and
human failings; thus, it successfully surmounts
the difficulties of translation into alien tongues. Above
all, he has
sympathized with and admired the citizens of
every nation,
seeking beneath the surface veneer the
universal traits of
that nations humanity. It is a matter of fact
that he has
made far more damaging admissions
concerning America
than concerning any other nation. My secret,
if there is a
secret, Twain has said, is to create humor
independent of
local conditions. Through studying humanity as
exhibited
te
20
re
is
eg
30
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25
nR
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35
Passage 2
40
45
re
te
is
eg
nR
50
55
60
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ed
te
r
is
eg
Which statement best describes how the authors of the two passages differ in their
views of Twains humor?
The author of Passage 1 criticizes its offensive style, whereas the author of
Passage 2 deplores its American bias.
nR
13
(A)
(B)
(C) The author of Passage 1 concludes that it is trivial, whereas the author of
Passage 2 concludes that it is harmless.
(D) The author of Passage 1 praises its universality, whereas the author of
Passage 2 disparages its lack of discrimination.
(E)
The author of Passage 1 admires its vigor, whereas the author of Passage
2 considers it understated.
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
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calls Twain "the greatest genius" that emerged out of American journalism.
14
scope
(B)
distance
(C) variation
(D) ranking
value
ANSWERS
is
te
re
d
(E)
AND EXPLANATIONS
eg
nR
15
(B)
intellectual breadth
(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
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Choice (C) is correct. The passage states that Twain's humor is based on "a deep
comprehension of human nature," or a profound understanding of what it means to
be human.
re
Which of the following most nearly captures the meaning of winnow . . . local
(line 36, Passage 1) ?
(A)
(B)
Take out that which prevents one from recognizing the universal
st
e
16
eg
i
(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
nR
17
Which of the following, if true, would most seriously undermine the main argument
presented in Passage 1?
(A)
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(B)
(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
re
te
is
eg
nR
18
Twains style of humor is criticized in Passage 2 mainly because the author believes
that Twain
(A)
(B)
(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
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Choice (C) is incorrect. The author of Passage 2 accuses Twain of mocking all
nations other than the United States. The author does not claim that Twain confuses
the standards, rather that he inappropriately thinks that the standards of all nations
should conform to those of the United States.
19
Which of the following terms would the author of Passage 2 most likely use to
describe Twain?
(A)
Aristocrat
(B)
Reformer
(C) Apologist
(D) Visionary
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
Chauvinist
er
e
(E)
is
t
eg
nR
20
In the last sentence of Passage 2 (lines 71-74), the author indicates that Mark Twain
(A)
(B)
(C) would have enjoyed a brilliant career if he had perfected his comedic
technique
(D) was an amateur and a dilettante whose interest in humor was superficial
(E)
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ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
ed
er
Which of the following, if true, would best support the main argument presented in
Passage 2 ?
is
t
21
(A)
(B)
eg
(C) Intelligent men and women appreciate a good joke at their own expense
every now and then.
(D) Humorists are likely to be well received when they undertake to ridicule
respected writers of the past.
nR
(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
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22
How would the author of Passage 1 most likely respond to the assertion in Passage 2
that Twain ridicules everything that does not conform with the standard of the
United States (lines 58-59) ?
(A)
(B)
(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
re
eg
is
te
nR
U
23
Which of the following pairs best represents each authors attitude toward the term
humorist, as used in Passage 1 (line 3) and Passage 2 (line 62) ?
Passage 1 / Passage 2
(A)
Amusement / Anger
(B)
Envy / Mockery
(E)
Respect / Disdain
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
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How would the author of Passage 2 most likely respond to the claim made by the
author of Passage 1 that Twain admired the citizens of every nation, seeking
beneath the surface veneer the universal traits of that nations humanity (lines
28-30)?
te
re
d
24
(A)
(B)
Twain shares with the humorists of the past the tendency to attack
foolishness whenever he sees it.
(C) Twain is limited by his inability to see things from anything other than an
American perspective.
(D) Twain always uses his humor for a wise purpose and uses humor to
emphasize the importance of people respecting each other.
is
The effect of Twains probing beneath the surface is limited by the fact
that he is not nearly as funny as many people claim he is.
eg
(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
nR
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Privacy Policy
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re
te
eg
is
nR
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2006-11-12
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Test Sections
Section 1
Section 2
Section 3
Section 4
Section 6
Section 7
Section 8
(A)
Section 9
(B)
Section 10
(C)
(D)
AND EXPLANATIONS
re
ANSWERS
Therefore, at least
cost exactly
(E)
words,
eg
an ad that is
words would
is
te
per
an ad that is
words. Since
words long
nR
or less, but
or less.
or less, but
to
or less.
or less, but
or less.
then
If
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
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ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
Subtracting
gives
in the equation
which
for
for
in the equation
which simplifies
for
in the equation
which simplifies
for
in the equation
which simplifies
re
eg
is
te
nR
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
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If
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
ANSWERS
re
(E)
AND EXPLANATIONS
te
and
is positive. Therefore,
eg
is
is greater than
nR
so
gives
the inequality by
So,
by
gives
dividing both
gives
gives
dividing both
gives
So,
dividing both
Since
and
it follows that
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and
are positive,
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If
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
so it follows that
er
ed
st
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(A)
None
(B)
One
(C) Two
(D) Three
(E)
Four
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
intersect either
since lines
same), line
and
or
but
and
then
and
(and lines
and
will not
and
Moreover,
is
and
it must intersect each of the lines
and
not parallel to lines
can intersect these
Therefore, the least possible number of points at which line
four lines is two.
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lines is if
were parallel to all four of them. However, only two of the four lines are
these lines is if
to be parallel to three of
If
er
e
(A)
(B)
is
t
(C)
(D)
(E)
eg
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
nR
or,
then
but
which is
then
but
which is not
greater than
then
but
which is
then
but
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Which
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
formula
is always
ed
less than
is
t
er
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and
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
This simplifies to
file://E:\\b8.htm
Since
is
and
it follows that
and
and further to
and
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finally to
then
that
were also
that
re
then
equal to
is
te
that
then
was equal to
impossible because
were also
If
so
and
were also
eg
equal to
If
and
three numbers
and
three numbers
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10
If
then
equal to
and
were also
equal to
three numbers
If
and
three numbers
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
exposure of
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11
(B)
(C)
re
d
(D)
(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
te
is
eg
semicircular pieces is
which simplifies to
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12
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The figure above shows the remaining pieces of a paper chain from which a section
has been removed. The first link of the original chain was red and the colors of the
yellow
green
white
from left to right. Which of the following could be the number of links in
and blue
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
the chain is set up so that the coloring system repeats itself every
because
ed
links, any
eg
is
te
r
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13
quadrilateral
is
is
(A)
(B)
(C)
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(D)
(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
area of quadrilateral
Quadrilateral
is
so the area of
the base is
Right triangle
has length
of
gives
Therefore,
is then
The area of
or
has
and
or
the height is
is
re
and height
(a rectangle of length
), so the area of
is
so the area of
the base is
would have to be
is
te
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eg
the height is
or
and
were
instead of
the base is
so the area of
is
would have to be
the height is
or
and
were
instead of
the base is
so the area of
is
would have to be
the height is
or
and
were
instead of
14
A list consists of all possible three-letter arrangements formed by using the letters
If no letter
and one of the remaining letters is
above such that the first letter is
is used more than once in an arrangement in the list and one three-letter
arrangement is randomly selected from the list, what is the probability that the
arrangement selected will be
(A)
(B)
(C)
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(D)
(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
of
re
st
e
eg
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not
then the
However, there
However, there
are
then the
not
are
However, there
not
are
then the
of randomly selecting
not
arrangements meeting
15
The pyramid above has a square base and four congruent triangular faces. The height
inches long. What is the
inches, and each edge of the base is
of the pyramid is
in inches?
length of
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(A)
(approximately
(B)
(approximately
(C)
(approximately
(D)
(approximately
(E)
(approximately
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
so
Since the
from each vertex of the base to the center of the square base is
triangular faces of the pyramid are identical, the point at which they meet is
is the hypotenuse of a
ed
theorem,
te
r
eg
is
nR
16
For all
be defined as
is equal to
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
then
Because
we have
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Test Sections
Section 1
Section 2
Section 3
Section 4
Seeking to ------- what people view and read by determining what art and literature
should be available, censorship laws directly ------- free expression.
Section 6
Section 7
Section 8
(A)
govern. . liberate
(B)
juxtapose. . prescribe
Section 9
Section 10
(E)
balance. . promote
AND EXPLANATIONS
ANSWERS
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e
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Myra laughed exuberantly and embraced her friends repeatedly, so ------- was she
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ambivalent
(B)
quizzical
(C) euphoric
(D) jaded
(E)
exacting
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
ed
er
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eg
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It would be a waste of time for any reviewer to bother ------- a book whose utter
worthlessness is ------- to even the least discerning reader.
(A)
enjoying. . doubtful
(B)
mocking . . figurative
(E)
ignoring . . obnoxious
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
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least discerning reader." This sentence makes sense: a reviewer should not bother
to disapprove of a book whose "worthlessness," or poor quality, is evident to even
the least "discerning," or perceptive, reader.
ed
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eg
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The new policy has been called a quiet revolution because, though introduced without
-------, it is already producing ------- changes.
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(A)
warning . . specious
(B)
fanfare . . momentous
(E)
debate . . negligible
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
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ed
When two chemical compounds are combined, a ------- effect can be achieved: the
resulting combination can be more potent than either of the individual compounds
alone.
(A)
synergistic
(B)
naturalistic
(C) competitive
(D) retroactive
neutralizing
eg
i
(E)
st
er
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
nR
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combination can be more potent than either of the individual compounds alone."
The fact that a combination is more powerful than its individual parts has nothing to
do with it being "retroactive," or referring to a prior period.
Artists who are described as ------- are the first to experiment with new forms or
concepts.
(A)
aesthetic
(B)
partisan
(C) decorous
(D) cerebral
(E)
avant-garde
AND EXPLANATIONS
ANSWERS
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e
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The following passage was adapted from a book about the Great Plains, a plateau
extending westward from the prairies of central North America to the eastern base of
the Rocky Mountains.
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30
35
regarded
as a desert, but arid enough to inhibit the
growth of trees,
except along rivers. You could no more know
the Great
Plains by canoeing up the Missouri than you
could see
the Sonoran Desert by rafting down the
Colorado. River
travelers poled or steamed up the channels by
day and
fished for supper by twilight. The Blackfeet, the
lords of
the Great Plains and the prairies most serious
students,
would no sooner have dined on catfish than we
would on
a dish of fricasseed sewer rat. The mucuscovered creatures
of the muddy river bottoms, the Blackfeet
thought, were
simply not the best the plains had to offer; far
from being
palatable, catfish were repulsive, disgusting.
The rivers, moreover, seek the level, that is,
the low
ground, but the plains are the province of the
big sky. The
rivers are always running away to the sea, but
the plains
are always rising toward the mountains. They
are contrary
forces working in contrary directions. The rivers
dig in; the
plains surmount. A river closes in, rounds the
bend, runs
between banks, hides shallows and snags,
tumbles over
rapids, skirts islands, is forever calling attention
to itself,
like a trail, which a river inevitably becomes.
The plains,
on the other hand, open out, unfold, beg the
long and trackless view. The river draws a line; the plains
reveal a space.
It is like the difference between an
interstate expressway
and a county road. An interstate is broad and
swift and, in
its own way, keeps to the level. You can drive
on an inter-
ed
er
st
40
eg
i
50
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45
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60
65
te
re
d
55
is
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70
75
80
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(A)
(B)
(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
ed
is
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(A)
(B)
(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
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Choice (D) is incorrect. A biological edge does not represent a change over time,
but a situation in which different kinds and systems of life interact.
(B)
increasing in value
(D) praising
(E)
thanking
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
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e
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10
In lines 26-32 (Rivers carry . . . Colorado), the author implies that viewing the
plains from the prospect of a river might lead one to conclude that the plains are
(A)
(B)
(C) rising more rapidly toward the mountains than they actually do
(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
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te
11
re
d
(A)
(B)
is
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(E)
AND EXPLANATIONS
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ANSWERS
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12
The author indicates that the view offered by the interstate is similar to that offered
by the river in that both
(A)
(B)
(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
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d
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13
nR
In context, the word tunnel (line 57) most directly emphasizes the expressways
(A)
(B)
(E)
destruction of wildlife
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
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14
The description of the county road (lines 61-77) suggests that it is most like the
Great Plains in the way that it
(A)
(B)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
re
(E)
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15
Both the stray cow (line 72) and the hay wagon (line 75) are presented as
(A)
(B)
(C) memories of the authors childhood that are typical of the Great Plains
(D) obstacles that force people to pay attention to the beauty of their
surroundings
(E)
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ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
ed
is
t
The opinion expressed in lines 78-81 (The best . . . concrete) assumes that the
westward traveler
(A)
(B)
dislikes cities
eg
16
er
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(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
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17
(B)
(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
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18
Which of the following best expresses the authors central point about river travel?
(A)
(B)
(D) It offered little opportunity to learn about the landscape of the Great
Plains.
(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
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was dangerous.
19
(B)
Which ecosystems of the Great Plains are most exciting for visitors?
(C) What do the rivers of the West teach us about our past?
(E)
te
re
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(D) What route west provides most information about the Great Plains?
How can one identify the best scenery in the Great Plains?
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
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Test Sections
Section 1
Section 2
Section 3
Section 4
The amount of garbage produced in the United States could be reduced by recycling
trash, minimizing packaging, and developing new technology for incinerators and
landfills.
Section 6
Section 7
Section 8
Section 9
(A)
(B)
Section 10
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
(E)
re
st
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Tickets are available at the box office they can be picked up one hour before the
performance.
(A)
at the box office they can be picked up one hour before the performance
(B)
at the box office; they can be picked up one hour before the performance
(C) one hour before the performance, they can be picked up at the box office
(D) and that can be picked up at the box office one hour before the
performance
(E)
at the box office, one hour before the performance is when they can be
picked up
ANSWERS
file://E:\\b10.htm
AND EXPLANATIONS
2006-11-12
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re
Medical research now emphasizes that the best treatment for many diseases is the
bodys own defenses being stimulated.
(A)
the best treatment for many diseases is the bodys own defenses being
stimulated
(B)
the best treatment for many diseases is stimulation of the bodys own
defenses
is
te
(C) there should be stimulation of the bodys own defenses for the best
treatment for many diseases
(D) there should be a stimulation of the bodys own defenses to achieve the
best treatment for many diseases
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(E)
the bodys own defenses should have stimulation for the best treatment
for many diseases
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
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Some political scientists are convinced that the major conflict toward democracy and
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communism is moral.
(A)
(B)
(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
ed
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Until just recently many students would take lengthy trips during spring break rather
than temporary jobs like now.
(A)
(B)
(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
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adverb "now" that is needed, thus obscuring the comparison between what students
used to do and what they do now.
To meet the colleges requirement of service to her community, 40 hours of her time
to Habitat for Humanity were volunteered by Laurie.
(A)
(B)
(C) 40 hours of her time to Habitat for Humanity was what Laurie volunteered
(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
ed
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U
7
Reviews of books and films have generally been exempt from the standards of libel
that are applied to news stories, but they are now questioning the distinction between
reporting and criticism.
(A)
they are now questioning the distinction between reporting and criticism
(B)
(C) the distinction between reporting and criticism is now being questioned
(D) the question they are asking now is whether there is a distinction between
reporting and criticism
(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
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Choice (A) involves the use of a vague pronoun. There is nothing in the sentence to
which the pronoun "they" can logically refer.
A writer who well understood the plight of the underprivileged, many acclaim Richard
Wright as the novelist of the downtrodden.
(A)
(B)
(E)
re
d
AND EXPLANATIONS
is
te
ANSWERS
eg
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Having no additional funds to spend, the meeting of the budget committee was
promptly concluded.
(A)
(B)
(E)
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ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
te
re
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In the early songs of the Beatles, one hears plaintive Blues-inspired melodies that
would seem to be more a product of rural southern America than an English industrial
city.
(A)
(B)
is
10
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eg
(D) a product out of rural southern America than from an English industrial
city
(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
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In 1968 air pollution from automobile exhaust, particularly like that in the Los
Angeles environs, became of an increasingly more urgent concern to
environmentalists.
11
(A)
(B)
of the sort found in the Los Angeles area, became an increasingly urgent
(C) such as you have in the area of Los Angeles, became of increasingly more
urgent
(D) like the kind in and around Los Angeles and its environs, became an
increasingly urgent
(E)
the kind similar to the Los Angeles area, became an increasingly more
urgent
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
re
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U
12
Although long considered a vestigial organ that has no function in humans, the
appendix, some scientists believe, may have a significant role as part of the bodys
immune system.
(A)
(B)
(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
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Failing to anticipate the sharp downturn in the economy, millions of dollars were lost
through the investment funds managers slowness to act.
13
(A)
(B)
millions of dollars were lost due to the slowness of the investment funds
managers to act
(C) the investment funds managers were slow to act, millions of dollars
were lost as a result
the investment fund lost millions of dollars because its managers acted too
slowly
ANSWERS
te
r
(E)
ed
(D) the investment funds managers were slow to act and thus lost millions
of dollars
AND EXPLANATIONS
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14
Most often defenders of art have justified its existence with their pointing out a
function that nothing but art itself could perform.
(A)
with their pointing out a function that nothing but art itself could perform
(B)
(E)
ANSWERS
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d
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