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Mass and Weight

Weight and mass - the difference
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Mass and weight are two common often misused and misunderstood terms in mechanics and fluid mechanics.
The fundamental relation between mass and weight is defined by Newton's Second Law. Newton's Second Law can be expressed as
F = m a (1)
where
F = force (N, lbf)
m = mass (kg, slugs)
a = acceleration (m/s2, ft/s2)

Mass
Mass is a measure of the amount of material in an object, being directly related to the number and type of atoms present in the object. Mass does not
change with a body's position, movement or alteration of its shape, unless material is added or removed.
An object with a mass of 1 kg on earth would have the same mass of 1 kg on the moon
The mass is a fundamental property of an object, a numerical measure of its inertia and a fundamental measure of the amount of matter in the object.

Weight

Weight is the gravitational force acting on a body mass. The generic expression of Newton's Second Law (1) can be transformed to express weight as
a force by replacing the acceleration - a - with the acceleration of gravity - g - as
W = m g (2)
where
W = weight or gravitational force - F (N, lbf)
m = mass(kg, slugs)
g = acceleration of gravity on earth (9.81 m/s2, 32.17405 ft/s2)

Example - The Weight of a Body on Earth vs. Moon

The acceleration of gravity on the moon is approximately 1/6 of the acceleration of gravity on the earth. The weight of a body with mass 1 kg on the
earth can be calculated as
W earth = (1 kg) (9.81 m/s2)
= 9.81 N
The weight of the same body on the moon can be calculated as
W moon = (1 kg) (9.81 m/s2) / 6
= 1.64 N
The handling of mass and weight depends on the systems of units that is used. The most common systems of units are the
International System - SI
British Gravitational System - BG
English Engineering System - EE
One newton is
the weight of one hundred grams - 101.972 gf (gF) or 0.101972 kgf (kgF, kp)
halfway between one-fifth and one-fourth of a pound - 0.224809 lb or 3.59694 oz

The International System - SI

In the SI system the mass unit is the kg and since the weight is a force - the weight unit is the Newton (N). Equation (2) for a body with 1 kg mass can
be expressed as:
w = (1 kg) (9.807 m/s2)
= 9.807 (N)
where
9.807 m/s2 = standard gravity close to earth in the SI system
As a result:
a 9.807 N force acting on a body with 1 kg mass will give the body an acceleration of 9.807 m/s2
a body with mass of 1 kg weights 9.807 N
More about the SI System - A tutorial introduction to the SI-system.

The British Gravitational System - BG

The British Gravitational System (Imperial System) of units is used by engineers in the English-speaking world with the same relation to the foot pound - second system as the meter - kilogram - force second system (SI) has to the meter - kilogram - second system. For engineers who deals with
forces, instead of masses, it's convenient to use a system that has as its base units length, time, and force, instead of length, time and mass.
The three base units in the Imperial system are the foot, the second, and the pound-force.
In the BG system the mass unit is the slug and is defined from the Newton's Second Law (1). The unit of mass, the slug, is derived from the poundforce by defining it as the mass that will accelerate at 1 foot per second per second when a 1 pound-force acts upon it:
1 lb = (1 slug)(1 ft/s2)
In other words, 1 lb (pound) force acting on 1 slug mass will give the mass an acceleration of 1 ft/s2.
The weight of the mass from equation (2) in BG units can be expressed as:
w (lb) = m (slugs) g (ft/s2)
With standard gravity - g = 32.17405 ft/s2 - the mass of 1 slug weights 32.17405 lbf (pound-force).

The English Engineering System - EE

In the English Engineering system of units the primary dimensions are are force, mass, length, time and temperature. The units for force and mass are
defined independently
the basic unit of mass is pound-mass (lbm)
the unit of force is the pound (lb) alternatively pound-force (lbf).
In the EE system 1 lb of force will give a mass of 1 lbm a standard acceleration of 32.17405 ft/s2.
Since the EE system operates with these units of force and mass, the Newton's Second Law can be modified to
F = m a / gc (3)
where
gc = a proportionality constant
or transformed to weight
w = m g / gc (4)
The proportionality constant gc makes it possible to define suitable units for force and mass. We can transform (4) to

1 lbf = (1 lbm) (32.174 ft/s2) / gc

or
gc = (1 lbm) (32.174 ft/s2) / (1 lbf)
Since 1 lbf gives a mass of 1 lbm an acceleration of 32.17405 ft/s2 and a mass of 1 slug an acceleration of 1 ft/s2, then
1 slug = 32.17405 lbm

Example - Weight versus Mass

A car's mass is 1,644 kg. The weight can be calculated:
w = (1,644 kg) (9.807 m/s2)
= 16122.7 N
= 16.1 kN
- there is a force (weight) of 16.1 kN between the car and the earth.
1 kg gravitation force = 9.81 N = 2.20462 lbf
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Tag Search
en: mass weight newton force kg lb slugs
es: masa de fuerza newton peso kg babosas libras
de: Massengewicht Newton Kraft kg lb Schnecken

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