SUB STATION & SUB STATION EQUIPMENTS

Introduction
The Distribution of electrical vitality produced in real Power Station is being spread over
extensive regions, with the outcome that more noteworthy interest must be meet around there.
In a perspective of greatness and significance of Transmission and Distribution systems,
dependability and effectiveness are the first key with sensible recompense for monetary
thought, practice show that even the most trifling reasons may bring about genuine
aggravations with subsequent loss of coherence of administration.

Power ought to be created and dispersed having full respect unwavering quality, productivity
and economy. The sub-station is the interconnecting connection between the Power Station
and the purchaser. Sub-stations are in this manner, vital in light of the fact that it is sparing to
transmit electrical control over obvious separation at high voltages, where as it must be
monetarily used at relatively low voltages.

The sub-station outline is along these lines the selecting, orchestrating and lodging of this
plant. Four fundamental things comprise of sub-station.

(1)

High voltage switchgear controlling the approaching supply.

(2)

Transformers, converters and rectifiers.

(3)

Medium or low voltage switch rigging controlling the out going supply.

(4)

Cables and assistant openings.

The vital standards of sub-station configuration may be laid out all together of them
significance.

(1)

Safety and unwavering quality of supply from Sub-Station.

(2)

Minimum working and support cost.

(3)

Minimum of capital expense.

Sub-station fashioners guaranteeing these prerequisites is a course of action and decision of

plant and building must meet the accompanying particulars.

(a)
The plant ought to be of sound outlined and development with the goal that
breakdown is rare.

(b)
The programmed defensive gadget ought to quickly expel broken contraption from
the framework without impedance to sound plant.

(c)
The design of plant ought to be such that separate of defective rigging ought not harm
or antagonistically influence the sound's operation plant, the building or any individual
utilized in that. Division of transformers by flame resistant parcels of obstructions from one
another and switch gear

(d)
The game plan and convenience ought to permit the plant to perform its obligations,
proficiently whilst its operation ought to straightforward, solid and full evidence.

(e)
Adequate ventilation's to every transformer and switch chambers ought to be very
much ventilated to avert sweating and procurement made for aside from of high pneumatic
stress or impact fake warming may be utilized. And all opening ought to be orchestrated to
keep the entrance of downpour, snow, winged creatures of vermin.

(f)
Maintenance and repairs to plant & building ought to be conceivable without
influencing the administration unless conditions license of plant being totally closed down
when work subsequently is important, powerful sub-division into units or segments is
fundamental.

(g)
The plant & building ought not be harmed or antagonistically influenced by climatic
conditions surges or flame.

(h)
Extension to either plant building ought to be conceivable without influencing the
administration, the current plant and the sheltered operation of the sub-station. Space ought to
be permitted in the starting building for a sensible expansion of plant to take care of further
demand.

(i)

A store of plant ought to kept up in availability to meet crisis conditions.

(j)
The building & fenced in area ought to be of sufficient extents, remembering the
expense of area, building work, cabling and so forth.

Decision and area of Sub-station locales:

The decision and area of sub-station site are prime significance element in the arranging of
appropriation frameworks.

Development work : The methodology in configuration depends to an expansive reach out

upon the kind of sub-station yet the real things may be comprehensively compressed as
establishment, building, supporting structure and access. Establishment must satisfy the
accompanying prerequisites.

(1)

To keep up them inflexible and keep all parts in genuine arrangement.

(2)
To transmit the dead weight of the hardware and structure to the ground and convey
in a manner that protected bearing weight of the ground is not surpassed.

(3)

To transmit the live load to the ground.

(4)
Absorb beyond what many would consider possible any vibration setup up by
apparatus.

For the most part for this taking after sort of establishment are utilized. (1) Rafts, (2) Piers,
(3) Pillars.

Building : The course of action of building, lodging the switchgear, transformer and so on
will relies on the site accessible and a definitive limit of sub-station. It ought to be set in
spotless and dry circumstance and sufficient ventilation's and dampness free, brick work for
divider.

Supporting Structure : All the supporting structure ought to be intended to convey important
transmission lines, conductors, covers, disconnecting switches and different fittings under
indicated states of stacking and component of security.

Sorts of Sub-Station : Sub-station generally group as Service, Function, Control and

Mountings however fundamental are as under the accompanying:

(1) Primary or real sub-stations. (2) Secondary sub-stations.

(3) Bulk supply and modern sub-stations. (4) Public or general administration sub-stations.

(1)
Primary sub-stations are the most vital conveyance focus of any endeavor. Generally
220, 132 and 66 Kv in coming feeders going around transformer to 11,6.6 Kv and after that
serving to supply optional sub-station.

(2)
Secondary sub-station are now and again approach in significance to the essential substations. The typical exchanging and changing plants must be suited whilst it might be
important to give supply to footing reason.

(3)
Bulk supply sub-station for the most part have two transformers, one acting and other
stand by. By suitable interconnection on the medium voltage side of the transformers.
Different segments of the system may be given a supply as a crisis.

(4)
General administration sub-station incorporate block manufactured station to Kiosk
sort transformer gear and shaft mounting fixings.

Open air Sub-Station : With outside working no building separated from flame segmenting
divider or ventilation hardware's are needed. The real things of plant, for example,
transformer and circuit breakers are generally mounted on solid plinth at about typical ground
level. The entire gear must be of powerful plan. Outline and development to with stand the
climatic conditions getting and specific consideration ought to be paid to the quick
evacuation of downpour water where entrance to indispensable parts would demonstrate
awful disappointment of Hv open air gear may bring about substantial arcing and resulting
threat to both individual & plant. The Switch yard comprise of single or twofold transport bar
course of action.

The 132 Kv Substation electrical switch comprise of 3 single stage units, each contain in an
oil filled tank entomb associated mechanically and worked at the same time by method for a
solenoid instrument taking 110 Volt battery supply. Oil filled bushing fitted with arcing horns
from the circuit's terminal breaker units. The isolators are interlock with the electrical switch
to avoid breaking burden on seclude and are hand worked starting from the earliest stage. The
segregating switches are of the turning focus column sort and 3 switches are worked all the
while.

The base dividing between every stage is 9 ft. what's more, from line metal (with the
exception of arcing horns & rings) to earthed metal the downpour is 4 1/2 ft. The leeway fro
line metal to earth is at least from arcing horns & rings to earthed metal. The open air busbars
are of empty copper container of 0.9 inch in breadth with sectional territory of 0.3 in2.
Suspension sort isolators are utilized for pressure or strain bolster post sort isolators
developed of standard unit are received.

Least freedom between closest divide of the development and the closest & the most minimal
conductor of the overhead line thought and greatest hang might be seen as under.