Indonesia is famous for its great biodiversity.

It is estimated that as many as 300,000 animal

species are inhabit its many ecosystems. This equates to 17% of worldwide fauna species, these
across only 1.3% of the world's landmass. With 515 species, Indonesia has more species of
mammal than any other nation. There are 1539 bird species and 50% of all the world's fish species
can be found in its marine and freshwater systems.

However, Indonesia also has the most endangered species. The World Conservation Union
(IUCN, 2003) lists as endangered 147 mammals, 114 birds, 91 fish and 2b invertebrate species.
Major conservation efforts are vital if these species are not to become extinct in the near future.

Trade in wild animals is a serious threat to many species in Indonesia. Over 95% of animals sold
in markets are taken directly from the wild and not from captive breeding stocks. More than 20% of
animals sold at market die in transportation. Despite this, many endangered and protected species
are traded freely, with the rarer species commanding higher prices.

Back to top

Other facts:

1. Approximately 115,000 parrots are trapped each year in the wild in Papua and Maluku,
including the highly endangered palm Cockatoo (Probosciger atterimus), Black headed Lory
(Lorius lory) and Yellow Crested Cockatoo (Cacatua galerita).
2. In 1999, around 27,000 turtles are slaughtered each year in Bali for satay ( a food
delicacy) and their shells used to make cheap ornaments for tourists. Although there has
been a degree of success in fighting and reducing the trade by 80%, the illegal smuggling of
the turtles to Bali still takes place.
3. Each year 1000 Kalimantan (Borneo) Orangutans are smuggled to Java and overseas.To
capture the Orangutan babies, the hunters will kill the mothers. At least one Orangutan dies
for each baby taken.
4. At least 2500 Javanese ebony langur (Trachypithecus auratus) each year are hunted for
illegal trade and for meat.
5. At least 3000 Gibbons are hunted each year for domestic wildlife trade or to be smuggled
overseas.
6. 40% of trapped wild animals die as a result of cruelty and pain inflicted during their
capture, transportation, cramped cages and inadequate food and water.
7. 60% of animalss illegally traded in the local wildlife markets are from endangered species
and which are by suppose to be protected by law.
8. 70% of primates and cockatoos kept as pets suffer from physical and behavioral problems

It is common in Indonesia for people to keep wild animals in cages, often without realizing that this
can be cruel to the animal and damaging to the species. Singing bird competitions are common in
some regions of the country, particularly Java, stimulating hunting and trade of certain species,
some of them endangered.

The above issues demonstrate the great complexity and diversity of problems facing Indonesia's
wildlife. Enforcement must be undertaken wholeheartedly and awareness programs for wild animal
protection consistently carried out if more species are not to become extinct in the country.
ProFauna therefore acknowledges the importance of support from all sources to efforts to protect
the uniquely rich biodiversity of this beautiful country.

There are many products from the tropical rainforest. Some products are: teak,
sandalwood, and ebony. Forests yield many resins, fibers, and fruits. The bark of the
coastal mangrove is used for tanning leather, and that of the cinchona for making
quinine. Huge rainforests cover some of the islands of Indonesia. They are partly
made up of Rafflesia growth. The Rafflesia weighs about 20 pounds and grow up to 3
feet wide.

Many different kinds of animals live in Indonesia, too. Some animals make their
homes in the rainforests, like rhinos, monkeys, elephants, and many birds. The
islands also have deer and wild pigs. Komodo dragons even live on some of the
islands.

Asda, Marks and Spencer and John Lewis' garden furniture pushing orang-utans towards
extinction

GARDEN FURNITURE SOLD by Asda, Marks and Spencer and John Lewis is made from trashed
rainforest timber and is responsible for pushing endangered animals such as the orang-utan further
towards extinction, according to Greenpeace today (29 May 2004).

The three companies are the worst offending High Street stores selling rainforest-wrecking garden
furniture, and have come bottom of a league table released by Greenpeace this Bank Holiday weekend
on where to buy garden furniture. The well-known retailers are using timber that comes from the last
remaining rainforests of south-east Asia to make outdoor goods such as tables, chairs and benches.

Much of the timber comes from Indonesia where nearly 90 percent of all timber is illegally logged. The
country has the longest list of endangered species in the world, including the Sumatran tiger and the
orang-utan.

Much of the timber used for garden furniture in the UK comes from the world's ancient forests. These
forests support around 90 percent of the world's land-based species and millions of forest-dwelling
people. Yet every two seconds, an area of ancient forest the size of a football pitch is destroyed.

Some retailers have proven that it is possible to use environmentally friendly timber that doesn't
endanger rare animals. B&Q, Woolworths and Robert Dyas sell garden furniture made of wood that is
certified by the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) as being logged from environmentally friendly
sources.

Nathan Argent, Greenpeace Forests Campaigner, said: "If you're buying outdoor furniture from Marks
and Spencer or Asda to lounge around in the garden, you're contributing to trashed forests and the
extinction of the orang-utan.

"There are readily available alternatives that don't harm the environment or contribute to wiping out
rare animals, yet irresponsible stores like Asda and Marks and Spencer continue to buy timber from
destroyed rainforests. These companies should all be buying FSC certified timber, which is guaranteed
to be environmentally friendly."

Further information
Contact the Greenpeace press office on 020 7865 8255.

Notes:
The league table of garden furniture retailers shows those companies who were able to
offer products that had come from FSC certified sources. FSC certification ensures that
timber products come from socially and environmentally responsible forest
management.

Those companies at the bottom - Asda, Marks and Spencer and John Lewis - are all
purchasing rainforest timber and do not offer products that have been credibly certified
as legal and environmentally friendly.

Asda claim to be sourcing Red balau from plantations in Vietnam for their garden
furniture. There are no Red balau plantations and the tree species is not available from
Vietnam. Red balau is found in the last rainforests of Indonesia and Malaysia.

Marks and Spencer source Nyatoh, which is found in Indonesia's last rainforests, and
were not able to verify that it has been sourced legally.

John Lewis are sourcing Teak and Melapi which is found in Indonesia' last remaining
forests.

Indonesian Religions

Indonesia is one of the most ancient homes of man. In 1891 a fossil skull of
Homo erectus was found in Central Java that is half a million years old, and
later an even more primitive type was unearthed. In 1931 the more advanced
Solo Man was discovered in the same area.

But these prehistoric people were obliterated by incoming migrants. 30,000

years ago came Negrito pygmies from an unknown region. Most peoples
today in Indonesia speak Austronesian languages and linguistic evidence
suggests that these languages originated on Taiwan and the nearby coast of
China. By 2,500 BCE these Austronesians had reached Borneo and were
infiltrating eastern and western Indonesia. This common source of peoples is
reflected in the traditional religions, which share important features.

The subsequent history of Indonesia is a succession of invading cultures -

Indian, Chinese, Cambodian, Melanesian/Polynesian, Portuguese, Arabian,
English, Dutch - that has resulted in a rich and complex civilisation in which
the main religions of the world - Hinduism, Buddhism, Islam, Christianity -
have been grafted on to the traditional religions of Indonesia. In this
interweaving of religions there have been fascinating local variations and this
is a dynamic process that is continuing today.

The first Hindu inscriptions date from the fourth century CE, though Indian
traders had arrived in Sumatra, Java, and Sulawesi two centuries earlier. By
the fifth century Hinduism was established on Java with Brahmanist cults
worshipping Siva. By the sixth century Buddhism was important in Sumatra
and Java, with the port of Srivijaya in southern Sumatra becoming a centre of
learning in the seventh century. Borobudur, the largest Buddhist monument in
the world, was built in the ninth century, and depicts the Buddhist cosmos. In
contrast to India, Hinduism and Buddhism in Indonesia lived in harmony and
by the ninth century syncretism was appearing. In the tenth century students
travelled to Nalanda, the great Buddhist monastic university in India, and
even to Tibet. During the twelth and thirteenth centuries Srivijaya exerted an
influence over all South-East Asia. The peak of Hindu-Javanese civilisation
was the Majapahit Empire in the fourteenth century, described as the golden
age of Indonesian history.

The Indonesian population is today classified as 89 per cent Muslim. Arab

trade with Indonesia started about the fourth century CE, though Islam did not
become established until the fourteenth century, coming from Gujarat in
India. The early Islamic centres were in north and west Sumatra, spreading
then to west and north-central Java. Twenty Islamic kingdoms were
prospering by the end of the fifteenth century. The Bugis officially became
Muslims between 1605 and 1610. Batak contact with Islam came in the
1820's. There was an Islamic reform movement in the early twentieth century
with the establishment of Muhammadiyah in 1912 and Nahdatul Ulama in
1926 (see entries on these).

Though the statistics make Indonesia a predominantly Islamic country, the

most populous in the Islamic world, Bali is an important traditional Hindu-
Buddhist island and there have been recent Hindu conversions in south Java.
Besides the growth of Neo-Hinduism there has been a Neo-Buddhist
expansion. This is rooted in the Tengger, the only extant folk-Buddhist
population, living near the volcano of Mount Bromo on Java. Since 1965 the
Indonesian Buddhist Association says it has built ninety monasteries and has
won fifteen million followers. These Hindu-Buddhist revivals incorporate
indigenous Balinese and Javanese traditions and huge festivals are held at
Borobudur and other ancient sites. There are traces of Hindu-Buddhist
religion throughout Indonesian culture. The symbol of Indonesia is the
mythical Garuda bird, the mount of Vishnu.

On Java only about ten per cent of the people follow the pure santri form of
Islam, some thirty per cent follow a syncretic Javanese form of Islam - a
blend of Sufism, Hinduism, and traditional religion, while the remainder
adhere to traditional Javanese beliefs, Hinduism, and Buddhism. The religious
complexity of Java is reflected in the hundreds of sects on the island.

Christians account for seven per cent of the population and are found in
centres all over Indonesia. Catholicism arrived with the Portuguese about
1512, who stayed for 150 years. The Dutch reached Indonesia in 1596 and
brought Protestantism. In the early seventeenth century the English were
rivals to the Dutch. There was Batak contact with Christianity in the 1850's
and 1860's. It was also in the nineteenth century that Christianity spread from
the coastal ports of Borneo and missionaries arrived among the Torajans on
Sulawesi. Indonesia became free of the Dutch with independence on 27
December, 1949.

Chinese Indonesians are usually classified as Buddhist but can be Taoist,

Confucianist, or Christian. There was a Chinese invasion of Java in 1293.

In 1965 after the killing of half a million so-called Communists, the

Indonesian government required all people to profess a recognised religion.
Traditional religions were not recognised and some peoples have been
classified under recognised religions. For example, tribal religions from
various islands have beeen included under Bali-Hindu, which is an official
religion.

There are important areas of traditional religion surviving in Indonesia.

Sometimes these are blended with a major religion, as with the Aceh and
Islam, and the Batak and Christianity. Traditional religious groups are
considered as separate entries: see Acehnese Religion, Balinese Religion,
Batak Religion, Bornean Religions, Bugis Religion, Javanese Religion,
Toraja Religion. In addition, there are survivals of isolated peoples who
follow a hunter-gatherer way of life with a little cultivation. Examples of
these are the Sakkudei who live on the island of Siberut off western Sumatra,
the Kubu in the forests of Sumatra, the Punan in Borneo (Kalimantan), and
the Da'a of Sulawesi. Sumba is the only island in Indonesia where a majority
of the population adhere to their traditional religion.

There are several basic concepts and practices found in the traditional
religions of Indonesia, which are common to the Austronesian religious
conceptual framework

First, there is a prevalence of complementary duality. The Toraja believe that

the universe originates from the marriage of heaven and earth. The chief deity
of the Sumbanese is a paired being, Amawolo/Amarawi. Sacred space is
divided into an upper world and an underworld, inside and outside, upstream
and downstream, and in terms of classes of people. This parallelism and
dualism is enacted in ritual celebration and even pervades Hinduism, Islam,
and Christianity, as for example in the wayang, shadow theatre.
 Second, there is belief in the immanence of life. It is too simplistic to refer to
this as 'animism.' There is typically a multitude of life forms. Many traditional
religions do not have a single origin of mankind. The origin of some types of
humans is not explained. In some religions, all spirits are evil, while other
religions recognise benevolent spirits who are called on to intervene against
the malevolent spirits. The aim of all the traditional religions is a ritual
balance in which each life form has its due place. The human body, a village,
a house, or a ship can be the symbolic representation of the cosmos.
Characteristically, life depends on death and the dead play an important role
in religious life, as with the slametan ritual of Java. Sacrificial animals can be
identified with the dead, such as the water buffalo of the Toraja.

Third, there are rituals of life and death. These are part of a cycle to enhance
life and commonly have an agricultural theme with planting, growing, and
ripening into old age. Death rituals are highly important and these can have
stages continuing for years to assist the dead in the journey through the
afterworld. Headhunting was formerly an integral part of these death rituals.

Lastly, there is the celebration of spiritual differentiation with an openness to

life and acceptance of its manifold manifestations. Such manifestations - sun,
moon, stars, thunder, lightning, strong winds, mountains, volcanic craters,
caves, old trees, ancient sites, royal regalia, and amulets - tend to be
personalised. These life forms are venerated for their potency. All traditional
societies have social hierarchies. These may be based on different spiritual
origins. Heroic journeys of folk heroes are echoed in the importance given to
journeys in life to gain knowledge, experience, and wealth. Rituals involve
journeys, such as a ship of the dead. Through mortuary ritual, the dead can
give benefits to the living.

Traditional religion in Indonesia is today under threat, especially from Islam

and Christianity. These religions teach transcendence rather than the
immanence of life and spiritual equality over spiritual differentiation.
Examples of important 20th century Islamic movements are Muhammadiyah
and Nahdatual Ulama. However, the rise of the kebatinan movements show
that traditional religion is still of vibrant importance in Indonesia. Kebatinan
is from the Javanese word batin, of Arabic origin, meaning "inner." There are
a thousand kebatinan sects flourishing, mainly on Java, and most were
founded this century. The beliefs and practices of the kebatinan sects go back
to the eighth century CE and the start of Javanese Hindu-Buddhist civilisation
(See Subud.). It seems likely that the twenty-first century will see religious
movements in Indonesia playing thieir earlier reformative role independent of
central government.

Bibliography

Belo, Jane, Bali: Temple Festival New York 1953.

________ Trance in Bali New York 1960.

Bigalke, Terance Williams, A Social History of Tana Toraja 1875-1965 Ann Arbor
1981.

Dalton, B, Indonesia Handbook 4th. Edition, Chico, California 1988. See also 6th.
Edition, June 1995.

Eliade, Mircea, ed., The Encyclopedia of Religion New York 1987.

Entries on: Acehnese Religion, Vol. 1, pp. 24-26; Balinese Religion, Vol. 2, pp. 45-
49; Batak Religion, Vol. 2, pp. 81-83; Bornean Religions, Vol. 2, pp. 290-92; Bugis
Religion, Vol. 2, pp. 560-61; Javanese Religion, Vol. 7, pp. 559-63; Toraja Religion,
Vol. 14, pp. 565-67.

Fox, James, ed., The Flow of Life: Essays on Eastern Indonesia Cambridge, Mass.
1980.

Geels, A. Subud and the Javanese Mystical Tradition Richmond Curzon Press, 1997.

Geertz, Clifford, The Religion of Java London 1960.

____________ The Interpretation of Cultures New York 1973.

Hooykaas, C., Religion in Bali Iconography of Religions series XIII, 10, Institute of
Religious Iconography, State University, Groningen, published Leiden 1973.

__________ Cosmogony and Creation in Balinese Tradition The Hague 1974.

Jensen, Erik, The Iban and Their Religion Oxford 1974.

Lansing, J. Stephen, Three Worlds of Bali New York 1983.

Longcroft, Harlinah. Subud is a Way of Life Subud International Publications Ltd.,

1990.

___________. History of Subud. Vol I: The Coming of Subud (1901-1959), Book 1: The Beginning in Indonesia Houston: al-Baz
Publishing Inc, 1993.

McKingley, Luqman. Adam and His Children. A brief history of human life Excerpts from talks by Muhammad Subuh
Sumohadiwidjojo, compiled and edited by Luqman McKingley. Paintings by Midelti. Sydney: Starlight Press, 1992.

Moore, Albert C., Iconography of Religions: An Introduction London 1977.

Nooy-Palm, Hetty, The Sa'dan-Toraja: A Study of Their Social Life and Religion, Vol. 1., Organisation, Symbols and Beliefs
Verhandelingen van het Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-land en Volkenkunde, no. 87, The Hague 1979. Also, Vol. 2, Rituals.

Pope, Salamah. Antidote. Experience of a Spiritual Energy, collected by Salamah Pope Hailsham: Subud International
Publications Ltd., 1983.

Ramseyer, Urs, The Art and Culture of Bali Oxford 1977.

Rodgers, Susan, Adat, Islam, and Christianity in a Batak Homeland Athens, Ohio 1981.

Siegel, James T, The Rope of God Berkeley 1969.

____________ Shadow and Sound: The Historical Thought of a Sumatran People Chicago 1979.

Sitompul, P.P. Susila Budhi Dharma - International Mystic Movement of Indonesia Claremont Graduate School (dissertation),
1974.

Smart, Harris. Sixteen Steps. And Other Journeys in Subud Sydney: Starlight Press, 1988.

____________. Living Religion in Subud. An Introduction - Personal and Historical Extracts from Bapak's Talks. Experiences
and Evidences of Subud members in different faiths, compiled and edited by Matthew Barry Sullivan. Hailsham, East Sussex:
Humanus Ltd., 1991.

Sumohadiwidjojo, Muhammad Subuh. (1959) Bapak's New York Talks 1959 Wallingford, Oxon: Subud Publications
International, 1975.

____________. The Way Ahead. Nine Talks by Muhammad Subuh Sumohadiwidjojo at the fifith Subud World Congress
Wolfsburg, 13-23 June 1975. Berks: Subud Publications Interantional Ltd., 1976.

____________. (1961) Subud and the Active Life. Talks given at the International Congress 1959 Rickmansworth: Subud
Publications International Ltd., 1984

Indonesia

Indonesia is home to 35cm miniature deer, fish that climb trees to catch insects and spiders that catch and

devour small birds in giant webs.

Ape-man...Java is one of the earliest places in the world where ape-man lived. The skull of an ape-man who

lived at a time when most of Europe was under ice was discovered here.

Population...Indonesia has the fifth largest population in the world(+-180million) which equals the combined

population of all other South East Asian countries.

Indonesia An ethnological goldmine...the variety of ethnic groups is unparalled anywhere else in the

world(316 ethnic groups).

Indonesia Volcanoes...Indonesia sprawls through a part of the western pacific known as the "Ring of Fire".

With over 400 active volcanoes, there are over 3 earthquakes per day.

Size...Indonesia has a total of 5million km2. One million more than the USA, although only 2 million km2 are

land.

Indonesia Islands...Three of the ten largest islands in the world are found here.

Climate...Wet season is Nov - March and hot season May to October.

•  Alpine Woolly Rat (Mallomys gunung). (Endemic to Indonesia.)

• Dwarf Gymnure (Hylomys parvus). (Endemic to Indonesia.)
• Enggano Rat (Rattus enganus). (Endemic to Indonesia.)
• Flores Shrew (Suncus mertensi). (Endemic to Indonesia.)
• Javan Rhinoceros (Rhinoceros sondaicus).
• Long-footed Water Rat (Leptomys elegans).
 • Lowland Brush Mouse (Pogonomelomys bruijni).
• Mentawai Macaque (Macaca pagensis). (Endemic to Indonesia.)
• Silvery Gibbon (Hylobates moloch). (Endemic to Indonesia.)
• Sumatra Water Shrew (Chimarrogale sumatrana). (Endemic to Indonesia.)
• Sumatran Flying Squirrel (Hylopetes winstoni).
• Sumatran Orang-utan (Pongo abelii).
• Sumatran Rabbit (Nesolagus netscheri). (Endemic to Indonesia.)
• Sumatran Rhinoceros (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis).
• Western Small-toothed Rat (Macruromys elegans). (Endemic to Indonesia.)

 Endangered:

• Anoa (Bubalus depressicornis). (Endemic to Indonesia.)

• Asian Elephant (Elephas maximus).
• Banteng (Bos javanicus).
• Bartel's Rat (Sundamys maxi). (Endemic to Indonesia.)
• Bawean Deer (Axis kuhlii). (Endemic to Indonesia.)
• Beaufort's Naked-backed Fruit Bat (Dobsonia beauforti). (Endemic to Indonesia.)
• Beccari's Shrew (Crocidura beccarii). (Endemic to Indonesia.)
• Black-spotted Cuscus (Spilocuscus rufoniger).
• Blue Whale (Balaenoptera musculus).
• Bornean Tree Shrew (Tupaia longipes). (Endemic to Indonesia.)
• Celebes Black Macaque (Macaca nigra). (Endemic to Indonesia.)
• Celebes Lesser Shrew Rat (Melasmothrix naso). (Endemic to Indonesia.)
• Celebes Shrew Rat (Crunomys celebensis). (Endemic to Indonesia.)
• Celebes Soft-furred Rat (Eropeplus canus). (Endemic to Indonesia.)
• Eastern Small-toothed Rat (Macruromys major).
• Fin Whale (Balaenoptera physalus).
• Grizzled Leaf Monkey (Presbytis comata). (Endemic to Indonesia.)
• Heavenly Hill Rat (Bunomys coelestis). (Endemic to Indonesia.)
• Indonesian Mountain Weasel (Mustela lutreolina). (Endemic to Indonesia.)
• Insular Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus keyensis). (Endemic to Indonesia.)
• Javan Thick-thumbed Bat (Glischropus javanus).
• Javan Warty Pig (Sus verrucosus). (Endemic to Indonesia.)
• Koopman's Pencil-tailed Tree Mouse (Chiropodomys karlkoopmani). (Endemic to Indonesia.)
• Long-beaked Echidna (Zaglossus bruijni).
• Long-headed Hill Rat (Bunomys prolatus). (Endemic to Indonesia.)
• Moor Macaque (Macaca maura). (Endemic to Indonesia.)
• Mountain Anoa (Bubalus quarlesi). (Endemic to Indonesia.)
• (Bornean) Orang-utan (Pongo pygmaeus).
• Otter Civet (Cynogale bennetti).
• Paradox Shrew (Crocidura paradoxura). (Endemic to Indonesia.)
• Pig-tailed Snub-nosed Monkey (Simias concolor). (Endemic to Indonesia.)
• Proboscis Monkey (Nasalis larvatus).
• Sei Whale (Balaenoptera borealis).
• Sipora Flying Squirrel (Hylopetes sipora).
• Sulawesi Bear Rat (Paruromys ursinus). (Endemic to Indonesia.)
• Tiger (Panthera tigris).
• White-toothed Melomys (Coccymys albidens). (Endemic to Indonesia.)

 Vulnerable:

• Alor Mastiff Bat (Otomops johnstonei). (Endemic to Indonesia.)

• Asiatic Golden Cat (Catopuma temminckii).
• Babirusa (Babyrousa babyrussa). (Endemic to Indonesia.)
• Bare-backed Rousette ( Fruit Bat) (Rousettus spinalatus).
• Bay Cat (Catopuma badia).
• Biak Naked-backed Fruit Bat (Dobsonia emersa). (Endemic to Indonesia.)
• Biak Roundleaf Bat (Geelvinck Bay Leaf-nosed Bat) (Hipposideros papua). (Endemic to Indonesia.)
• Bismarck's Trumpet-eared Bat (Kerivoula myrella).
• Bonthain Rat (Rattus bontanus). (Endemic to Indonesia.)
• Brown-bearded Sheath-tailed Bat (Taphozous achates). (Endemic to Indonesia.)
• Celebes Long-nosed Squirrel (Hyosciurus heinrichi). (Endemic to Indonesia.)
• Clouded Leopard (Neofelis nebulosa).
• Crested Roundleaf Bat (Hipposideros inexpectatus). (Endemic to Indonesia.)
• D'Albertis Ringtail (Pseudochirops albertisii).
• Dark Tube-nosed Fruit Bat (Nyctimene celaeno). (Endemic to Indonesia.)
• Dhole (Cuon alpinus).
• Dingiso (Dendrolagus mbaiso). (Endemic to Indonesia.)
• Dollman's Spiny Rat (Maxomys dollmani). (Endemic to Indonesia.)
• Doria's Tree-kangaroo (Dendrolagus dorianus).
• Dugong (Dugong dugon).
• Dusky Pademelon (Thylogale brunii).
• Elegant Margareta Rat (Margaretamys elegans). (Endemic to Indonesia.)
• Eurasian Otter (Lutra lutra).
• Fishing Cat (Prionailurus viverrinus).
• Flat-headed Cat (Prionailurus planiceps).
• Flores Giant Rat (Papagomys armandvillei). (Endemic to Indonesia.)
• Fly River Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros muscinus).
• Gaskell's False Serotine (Bat) (Hesperoptenus gaskelli). (Endemic to Indonesia.)
• Geelvink Bay Flying Fox (Pteropus pohlei). (Endemic to Indonesia.)
• Golden-bellied Tree Shrew (Tupaia chrysogaster). (Endemic to Indonesia.)
• Great-tailed Troik (Dactylopsila megalura).
• Greater Long-eared Bat (Nyctophilus timoriensis).
• Hairy-nosed Otter (Lutra sumatrana). (May be extinct here.)
• Halmahera Blossom Bat (Syconycteris carolinae). (Endemic to Indonesia.)
• Hoogerwerf's Rat (Rattus hoogerwerfi). (Endemic to Indonesia.)
• Humpback Whale (Megaptera novaeangliae).
• Javan Langur (Trachypithecus auratus). (Endemic to Indonesia.)
• Javan Mastiff Bat (Otomops formosus). (Endemic to Indonesia.)
• Javan Slit-faced Bat (Nycteris javanica). (Endemic to Indonesia.)
• Javan Tail-less Fruit Bat (Megaerops kusnotoi). (Endemic to Indonesia.)
• Jentink's Squirrel (Sundasciurus jentinki).
• Kei Myotis (Myotis stalkeri). (Endemic to Indonesia.)
• Kloss's Gibbon (Hylobates klossi). (Endemic to Indonesia.)
• Komodo (Rintja) Mouse (Komodomys rintjanus). (Endemic to Indonesia.)
• Lesser Ranee Mouse (Haeromys pusillus).
• Lesser Tube-nosed Bat (Nyctimene draconilla).
• Lesser Tube-nosed Fruit Bat (Nyctimene minutus). (Endemic to Indonesia.)
• Little Golden-mantled Flying Fox (Pteropus pumilus).
• Little Margareta Rat (Margaretamys parvus).(Endemic to Indonesia.)
• Little Soft-furred Rat (Rattus mollicomulus). (Endemic to Indonesia.)
• Long-tailed Shrew Rat (Tateomys macrocercus). (Endemic to Indonesia.)
• Lowland Long-nosed Squirrel (Hyosciurus ileile). (Endemic to Indonesia.)
• Mainland Serow (Capricornis sumatraensis).
• Malayan Porcupine (Hystrix brachyura).
• Malayan Tapir (Tapirus indicus).
• Marbled Cat (Pardofelis marmorata).
• Mentawai Flying Squirrel (Iomys sipora). (Endemic to Indonesia.)
• Mentawai Leaf Monkey (Presbytis potenziani). (Endemic to Indonesia.)
• Mentawai Long-tailed Giant Rat (Leopoldamys siporanus). (Endemic to Indonesia.)
• Mottled-tailed Shrew Mouse (Neohydromus fuscus).
• New Guinea Pademelon (Thylogale brownii).
• New Guinea Quoll (Dasyurus albopunctatus).
• New Guinea Sheath-tailed Bat (Emballonura furax).
• Obi Cuscus (Phalanger rothschildi). (Endemic to Indonesia.)
• Oriental Shrew (Crocidura orientalis). (Endemic to Indonesia.)
• Peleng Rat (Rattus pelurus). (Endemic to Indonesia.)
• Philippine Gray Flying Fox (Pteropus speciosus).
• Pig-tailed Macaque (Macaca nemestrina).
• Plush-coated Ringtail (Pseudochirops corinnae).
• Ranee Mouse (Haeromys margarettae).
• Salokko Rat (Taeromys arcuatus). (Endemic to Indonesia.)
• Secretive Dwarf Squirrel (Prosciurillus abstrusus). (Endemic to Indonesia.)
• Seram Fruit Bat (Pteropus ocularis). (Endemic to Indonesia.)
• Short-haired Water Rat (Paraleptomys wilhelmina).
• Short-headed Roundleaf Bat (Hipposideros breviceps). (Endemic to Indonesia.)
• Small-toothed Fruit Bat (Neopteryx frosti). (Endemic to Indonesia.)
• Smooth-coated Otter (Lutrogale perspicillata). (Previously listed as Lutra perspicillata.)
• Sperm Whale (Physeter catodon).
• Spiny Ceram Rat (Rattus feliceus). (Endemic to Indonesia.)
• Stein's Cuscus (Phalanger vestitus).
• Sula Rat (Rattus elaphinus). (Endemic to Indonesia.)
• Sulawesi Montane Rat (Taeromys hamatus). (Endemic to Indonesia.)
• Sulawesi Palm Civet (Macrogalidia musschenbroekii). (Endemic to Indonesia.)
• Sumatran Mastiff Bat (Mormopterus doriae). (Endemic to Indonesia.)
• Sunburned Rat (Rattus adustus). (Endemic to Indonesia.)
• Sunda Long-eared Bat (Nyctophilus heran). (Endemic to Indonesia.)
• Talaud Fruit Bat (Acerodon humilis). (Endemic to Indonesia.)
• Tate's Shrew Rat (Tateomys rhinogradoides). (Endemic to Indonesia.)
• Telefomin Roundleaf Bat (Hipposideros corynophyllus).
• Thin Shrew (Crocidura tenuis). (Endemic to Indonesia.)
• Watts's Spiny Rat (Maxomys wattsi). (Endemic to Indonesia.)
• Western Naked-backed Fruit Bat (Dobsonia peronii). (Endemic to Indonesia.)
• Western Shrew Mouse (Pseudohydromys occidentalis