Sie sind auf Seite 1von 39

Introduction to Finite Elements

Heat Transfer

One-Dimensional Conduction

Ein = energy entering volume (J or kWh)


U = change in stored energy (kWh)
qx = heat conducted/heat flux (kW/m2)
t = time (s)
Q = internal heat source (kW/m3)

A = area perpendicular to heat


flow (m2)
Kxx = thermal conductivity (kW/m.oC)
T = temperature (oC)
dT/dx = temperature gradient (oC/m)

One-Dimensional Conduction
U = change in stored energy (kWh)
c = specific heat (kW.h/(kg.oC))
= mass density (kg/m3)
A = area perpendicular to heat flow (m2)
T = temperature (oC)

One-Dimensional Conduction

Heat Transfer with Convection

h = convection coefficient (kW/m2.oC)


T = temperature of solid surface at the
interface (oC)
T = temperature of the fluid (oC)
P = perimeter around the constant
cross-sectional area A

Heat Transfer with Convection

Theoretical Model Finite Element


f

Domain W

f
x

Subdomain We

Domain with

degrees of freedom

Domain divided with subdomains


with
degrees of freedom
f1
f2

f3

f5
f4

f6
x

The fundamental concept of FEM is that a


continuous function of a continuum
(given domain W) having infinite degrees
of freedom is replaced by a discrete
model, approximated by a set of
piecewise continuous functions having a
finite degree of freedom.

f1
f2

f3

f5
f4

f6
x

Structural vs Heat Transfer


Structural Analysis
Select element type
Assume displacement function

Thermal Analysis
Select element type
Assume temperature function

Stress/strain relationships

Temperature relationships

Derive element stiffness

Derive element conduction

Assemble element equations


Solve nodal displacements
Solve element forces

Assemble element equations


Solve nodal temperatures
Solve element temperature
gradient/flux

One-Dimensional FEM

One-Dimensional FEM

One-Dimensional FEM

One-Dimensional FEM
(Analogous to the potential energy method)

We cannot specify q* and h on the same surface because they cannot


occur simultaneously on the same surface

One-Dimensional FEM

(Analogous to the structural problem)

One-Dimensional FEM
On minimizing with respect to t :

[k]{t} = {f}

One-Dimensional FEM

One-Dimensional FEM
Conduction

Convection

k B DBdV hN N dS
T

tAB D B
T

AK xx

1 - 1
- 1 1

x
L 1
L x x
hP
dx
1

x L L
0
L
hPL 2 1

6 1 2

One-Dimensional FEM
Conduction

Convection

k B DBdV hN N dS
T

tAB D B
T

AK xx

1 - 1
- 1 1

x
L 1
L x x
hP
dx
1

x L L
0
L
hPL 2 1

6 1 2

One-Dimensional FEM

One-Dimensional FEM
Conduction

Convection

k B DBdV hN N dS
T

tAB D B
T

AK xx

1 - 1
- 1 1

x
L 1
L x x
hP
dx
1

x L L
0
L
hPL 2 1

6 1 2

One-Dimensional FEM

One-Dimensional FEM

Das könnte Ihnen auch gefallen