P

4-101. La palanca rgida se sostiene mediante dos alambres de acero A-36 que tienen el mismo dimetro de
4 mm. Si se aplica una fuerza de P = 3 kN sobre el mango, determine la fuerza desarrollada en los dos alambres y
sus elongaciones correspondientes. Considere que el acero
A-36 es un material elstico perfectamente plstico.

450 mm
150 mm
150 mm
30
A

300 mm
B

Probs. 4-101/102
Equation of Equilibrium. Refering to the free-body diagram of the lever shown
in Fig. a,
FAB (300) + FCD (150) - 3 A 103 B (450) = 0

a + ME = 0;

2FAB + FCD = 9 A 103 B

(1)

Elastic Analysis. Assuming that both wires AB and CD behave as linearly elastic,
the compatibility equation can be written by referring to the geometry of Fig. b.
dAB = a

300
bd
150 CD

dAB = 2dCD

(2)

FAB L
FCD L
= 2a
b
AE
AE
FAB = 2FCD

(3)

Solving Eqs. (1) and (3),

FCD = 1800 N

FAB = 3600 N

Normal Stress.
sCD =

FCD
=
ACD

sAB =

FAB
=
AAB

1800

p
4

A 0.0042 B
3600

p
4

A 0.0042 B

= 143.24 MPa 6 (sY)st

(O.K.)

= 286.48 MPa 7 (sY)st

(N.G.)

Since wire AB yields, the elastic analysis is not valid. The solution must be reworked
using
FAB = (sY)st AAB = 250 A 106 B c

p
A 0.0042 B d
4

Since wire CD is linearly elastic, its elongation can be determined by

= 3141.59 N = 3.14 kN
dCD =
Substituting this result into Eq. (1),

FCD
2716.81
=
= 216.20 MPa 6 (sY)st
p
2
ACD
4 A 0.004 B

2716.81(300)

p
4

A 0.0042 B (200) A 109 B

= 0.3243 mm = 0.324 mm

FCD = 2716.81 N = 2.72 kN

sCD =

FCD LCD
=
ACD Est

Ans.

From Eq. (2),

dAB = 2dCD = 2(0.3243) = 0.649 mm

Ans.

4-102. La palanca rgida se sostiene mediante dos alambres

de acero A-36 que tienen el mismo dimetro de 4 mm. Determine la fuerza P ms pequea que causar (a) que slo
uno de los alambres ceda, (b) que ambos alambres cedan.
Considere que el acero A-36 es un material elstico perfectamente plstico.

Equation of Equilibrium. Refering to the free-body diagram of the lever arm shown
in Fig. a,
a + ME = 0;

FAB (300) + FCD (150) - P(450) = 0

2FAB + FCD = 3P

(1)

Elastic Analysis. The compatibility equation can be written by referring to the

geometry of Fig. b.
dAB = a

300
bd
150 CD

dAB = 2dCD
FAB L
FCD L
= 2a
b
AE
AE
FCD =

1
F
2 AB

(2)

Assuming that wire AB is about to yield first,

FAB = (sY)st AAB = 250 A 106 B c

p
A 0.0042 B d = 3141.59 N
4

From Eq. (2),

FCD =

1
(3141.59) = 1570.80 N
2

Substituting the result of FAB and FCD into Eq. (1),

P = 2618.00 N = 2.62 kN
Plastic Analysis. Since both wires AB and CD are required to yield,
FAB = FCD = (sY)st A = 250 A 106 B c
Substituting this result into Eq. (1),

p
A 0.0042 B d = 3141.59 N
4

Ans.

4-103. Las tres barras se articulan entre s y se someten a

la carga P. Si cada barra tiene un rea A en su seccin transversal, tiene una longitud L y est fabricada de un material
elstico perfectamente plstico con un esfuerzo de cedencia
sY, determine la mxima carga (carga ltima) que puede ser
soportada por las barras, es decir, la carga P que hace que
todos las barras cedan. Adems, cul es el desplazamiento
horizontal del punto A cuando la carga alcanza su valor ltimo? El mdulo de elasticidad es E.

P = 3141.59 N = 3.14 kN

B
L
u

C
L

u
L

Ans.

When all bars yield, the force in each bar is, FY = sYA
+ F = 0;
:
x

P - 2sYA cos u - sYA = 0

P = sYA(2 cos u + 1)

Ans.

Bar AC will yield first followed by bars AB and AD.

dAB = dAD =

dA =

FY(L)
sYAL
sYL
=
=
AE
AE
E

sYL
dAB
=
cos u
E cos u

Ans.

*4-104. La viga rgida se sostiene mediante las tres barras

de acero A-36 con un dimetro de 25 mm. Si la viga soporta
la fuerza de P = 230 kN, determine la fuerza desarrollada en
cada barra. Considere que el acero es un material elstico
perfectamente plstico.

600 mm
P

Equation of Equilibrium. Referring to the free-body diagram of the beam shown in

Fig. a,
+ c Fy = 0;

FAD + FBE + FCF - 230 A 103 B = 0

(1)

FBE + 3FCF = 460 A 103 B

(2)

FBE(400) + FCF(1200) - 230 A 103 B (800) = 0

a + MA = 0;

400 mm

Elastic Analysis. Referring to the deflection diagram of the beam shown in Fig. b,
the compatibility equation can be written as
dBE = dAD + a
dBE =

dCF - dAD
b(400)
1200

2
1
d
+ dCF
3 AD
3

FBEL
2 FCDL
1 FCF L
= a
b + a
b
AE
3 AE
3 AE
FBE =

2
1
FAD + FCF
3
3

Solving Eqs. (1), (2), and (3)

FCF = 131 428.57 N

FBE = 65 714.29 N FAD = 32 857.14 N

(3)

400 mm

400 mm

Normal Stress.
sCF =

FCF
131428.57
=
= 267.74 MPa 7 (sY)st
p
2
ACF
4 A 0.025 B

(N.G.)

sBE =

FBE
65714.29
=
= 133.87 MPa 6 (sY)st
p
2
ABE
4 A 0.025 B

(O.K.)

sAD =

FAD
32857.14
=
= 66.94 MPa 6 (sY)st
p
2
AAD
4 A 0.025 B

(O.K.)

Since rod CF yields, the elastic analysis is not valid. The solution must be
reworked using
FCF = (sY)st ACF = 250 A 106 B c

p
A 0.0252 B d = 122 718.46 N = 123 kN
4

Ans.

Substituting this result into Eq. (2),

FBE = 91844.61 N = 91.8 kN

Ans.

Substituting the result for FCF and FBE into Eq. (1),
FAD = 15436.93 N = 15.4 kN
sBE =

FBE
91844.61
=
= 187.10 MPa 6 (sY)st
p
2
ABE
4 A 0.025 B

sAD =

FAD
15436.93
=
= 31.45 MPa 6 (sY)st
p
2
AAD
4 A 0.025 B

Ans.
(O.K.)

(O.K.)

4-105. La viga rgida se sostiene mediante las tres barras

de acero A-36 con un dimetro de 25 mm. Si la fuerza de
P = 230 kN se aplica sobre la viga y despus se retira, determine los esfuerzos residuales en cada barra. Considere que
el acero es un material elstico perfectamente plstico.

600 mm
P
A

Equation of Equilibrium. Referring to the free-body diagram of the beam shown in

Fig. a,
FAD + FBE + FCF - 230 A 10

+ c Fy = 0;

B =0

400 mm

400 mm

400 mm

(1)

FBE(400) + FCF(1200) - 230 A 103 B (800) = 0

a + MA = 0;

FBE + 3FCF = 460 A 103 B

(2)

Elastic Analysis. Referring to the deflection diagram of the beam shown in Fig. b,
the compatibility equation can be written as
dBE = dAD + a
dBE =

dCF - dAD
b(400)
1200

2
1
d
+ dCF
3 AD
3

sCF
= 267.74 MPa (C)

FBE

sAD
= 66.94 MPa (C)

Considering the tensile stress as positive and the compressive stress as negative,

(3)

FBE L
2 FCD L
1 FCF L
= a
b + a
b
AE
3 AE
3 AE
2
1
= FAD + FCF
3
3

sBE
= 133.87 MPa (C)

= 250 + ( - 267.74) = - 17.7 MPa = 17.7 MPa (C)

(sCF)r = sCF + sCF

Ans.

= 187.10 + ( - 133.87) = 53.2 MPa (T)

(sBE)r = sBE + sBE

Ans.

(sAD)r = sAD + sAD

= 31.45 + ( - 66.94) = - 35.5 MPa = 35.5 MPa (C)

Ans.

(4)

Solving Eqs. (1), (2), and (4)

FCF = 131428.57 N

FBE = 65714.29 N

FAD = 32857.14 N

Normal Stress.
sCF =

FCF
131428.57
=
= 267.74 MPa (T) 7 (sY)st
p
2
ACF
4 A 0.025 B

sBE =

FBE
65714.29
=
= 133.87 MPa (T) 6 (sY)st
p
2
ABE
4 A 0.025 B

sAD =

FAD
32857.14
=
= 66.94 MPa (T) 6 (sY)st
p
2
AAD
4 A 0.025 B

(N.G.)

(O.K.)

(O.K.)

Since rod CF yields, the elastic analysis is not valid. The solution must be
reworked using
sCF = (sY)st = 250 MPa (T)
FCF = sCF ACF = 250 A 106 B c

Substituting this result into Eq. (2),

p
A 0.0252 B d = 122718.46 N
4

FBE = 91844.61 N

Substituting the result for FCF and FBE into Eq. (1),
FAD = 15436.93N
sBE =

FBE
91844.61
=
= 187.10 MPa (T) 6 (sY)st
p
2
ABE
4 A 0.025 B

(O.K.)

sAD =

FAD
15436.93
=
= 31.45 MPa (T) 6 (sY)st
p
2
AAD
4 A 0.025 B

(O.K.)

4-106. La carga distribuida se aplica sobre una viga rgida que est sostenida por tres barras. Cada barra tiene un
rea en su seccin transversal de 1.25 pulg2 y est fabricada
de un material cuyo diagrama esfuerzo-deformacin puede
aproximarse mediante los dos segmentos de lnea mostrados en la figura. Si se aplica sobre la viga una carga de
w = 25 kip>pie, determine el esfuerzo en cada barra y el desplazamiento vertical de la viga.
4-107. La carga distribuida se aplica sobre una viga rgida que est sostenida por tres barras. Cada barra tiene un
rea en su seccin transversal de 0.75 pulg2 y est fabricada
de un material cuyo diagrama esfuerzo-deformacin puede
aproximarse mediante los dos segmentos de lnea mostrados
en la figura. Determine la intensidad de la carga distribuida w que es necesario aplicar para que la viga se desplace
1.5 pulg hacia abajo.
a + MB = 0;

4 pies

s (ksi)
60
5 pies
36

0.0012

0.2

P (pulg/pulg)

Probs. 4-106/107
a + MB = 0;
+ c Fy = 0;

FC(4) - FA(4) = 0;

FC(4) - FA(4) = 0;

FA = FC = F

2F + FB - 8 w = 0

(1)

Since the system and the loading are symmetrical, the bar will remain horizontal.
Hence the displacement of the bars is the same and the force supported by each bar
is the same.
(1)

FA = FC = F
+ c Fy = 0;

4 pies

2F + FB - 200 = 0

From Eq. (1),

Since the loading and geometry are symmetrical, the bar will remain horizontal.
Therefore, the displacement of the bars is the same and hence, the force in each bar
FB = F = 2.6667 w
is the same. From Eq. (1).
F = FB = 66.67 kip

From the stress-strain diagram:

Thus,

e =

sA = sB = sC =

66.67
= 53.33 ksi
1.25

Ans.

From the stress-strain diagram:

53.33 - 36
60 - 36
=
:
e - 0.0012
0.2 - 0.0012

(2)

1.5
= 0.025 in.>in.
5 (12)

60 - 36
s - 36
=
;
0.025 - 0.0012
0.2 - 0.0012

s = 38.87 ksi

Hence F = sA = 38.87 (0.75) = 29.15 kip

e = 0.14477 in.>in.

d = eL = 0.14477(5)(12) = 8.69 in.

Ans.

From Eq. (2),w = 10.9 kip>ft

Ans.

*4-108. La viga rgida se sostiene sobre los tres postes A, B

y C que tienen la misma longitud. Los postes A y C tienen
un dimetro de 75 mm y estn hechos de aluminio, para el
cual Eal = 70 GPa y (sY)al = 20 MPa. El poste B tiene un
dimetro de 20 mm y es de latn, para el cual Ebr = 100 GPa
y (sY)br = 590 MPa. Determine la menor magnitud de P de
tal manera que (a) slo las varillas A y C cedan y (b) todos
los postes cedan.
4-109. La viga rgida se sostiene sobre los tres postes A,
B y C. Los postes A y C tienen un dimetro de 60 mm y estn hechos de aluminio, para el cual Eal = 70 GPa y (sY)al =
20 MPa. El poste B es de latn, para el cual Ebr = 100 GPa
y (sY)br = 590 MPa. Si P = 130 kN, determine el mayor dimetro del poste B de modo que todos los postes cedan al
mismo tiempo.

2m

C
br

al
2m

al

2m

2m

Probs. 4-108/109

FA = FC = Fal

MB = 0;

Fat + 2Fat - 2P = 0

+ c Fy = 0;

(a) Post A and C will yield,

Fal = (st)alA
+ c Fy = 0;

= 20(104)(pa )(0.075)2

(1)

(Fal)g = (sg)al A

= 88.36 kN
(sr)al
20(104)
= 0.0002857
(Eal)r =
=
Eal
70(104)
Compatibility condition:

= 20(106)(p4 )(0.06)2 = 56.55 kN

From Eq. (1),
2(56.55) + Fbr - 260 = 0

dbr = dal

Fbr = 146.9 kN

= 0.0002857(L)
Fbr (L)
p
2
4
4 (0.02) (100)(10 )

(sg)br = 590(106) =

= 0.0002857 L

8.976(103)
p
3
4 (0.02 )

146.9(103)
p
3
4 (dB)

dB = 0.01779 m = 17.8 mm Ans.

Fbr = 8.976 kN
sbr =

2(Fg)al + Fbr - 260 = 0

= 28.6 MPa 6 sr

OK.

From Eq. (1),

8.976 + 2(88.36) - 2P = 0
P = 92.8 kN

Ans.

(b) All the posts yield:

Fbr = (sr)brA
= (590)(104)(p4 )(0.022)
= 185.35 kN
Fal = 88.36 kN
From Eq. (1); 185.35 + 2(88.36) - 2P = 0
P = 181 kN

Ans.

4-110. El alambre BC tiene un dimetro de 0.125 pulg y

su material tiene las caractersticas de esfuerzo-deformacin
mostradas en la figura. Determine el desplazamiento vertical del mango en D si el tirn en la empuadura se aumenta lentamente y alcanza una magnitud de (a) P = 450 lb,
(b) P = 600 lb.

C
40 pulg
A

Equations of Equilibrium:
a + MA = 0;

FBC(50) - P(80) = 0

(a) From Eq. [1] when P = 450 lb,

50 pulg

[1]

B
30 pulg

80
70
s (ksi)

FBC = 720 lb

Average Normal Stress and Strain:

sBC =

FBC
=
ABC

720
p
2
4 (0.125 )

80
70

= 58.67 ksi

From the StressStrain diagram

58.67
70
=
;
eBC
0.007

0.007

eBC = 0.005867 in.>in.

Prob. 4-110

Displacement:
dBC = eBCLBC = 0.005867(40) = 0.2347 in.
dBC
dD
=
;
80
50

dD =

8
(0.2347) = 0.375 in.
5

(b) From Eq. [1] when P = 600 lb,

Ans.

FBC = 960 lb

Average Normal Stress and Strain:

sBC =

FBC
=
ABC

960
p
2
4 (0.125)

= 78.23 ksi

From StressStrain diagram

78.23 - 70
80 - 70
=
eBC - 0.007
0.12 - 0.007

eBC = 0.09997 in.>in.

Displacement:
dBC = eBCLBC = 0.09997(40) = 3.9990 in.
dBC
dD
=
;
80
50

dD =

0.12

8
(3.9990) = 6.40 in.
5

Ans.

P (pulg/pulg)

4-111. La barra con un dimetro de 2 pulg est conectada

fijamente en sus extremos y soporta la carga axial P. Si el
material es elstico perfectamente plstico como se muestra
en el diagrama de esfuerzo-deformacin, determine la menor carga P necesaria para ocasionar que el segmento CB
ceda. Si esta carga se retira, determine el desplazamiento
permanente del punto C.

P
A

2 pies

*4-112. Determine la elongacin de la barra en el problema 4-111 cuando se retiran tanto la carga P como los soportes.

20

FA = FB = sA = 20(p)(1)2 = 62.832 kip

FA + FB - P = 0

(1)

0.001

P = 126 kip Ans.

P (pulg/pulg)

When P is increased, region AC will become

plastic first, then CB will become plastic. Thus,
FA = FB = sA = 20(p)(1)2 = 62.832 kip

P = 2(62.832) = 125.66 kip

+ F = 0;
:
x

FA + FB - P = 0

(1)

P = 2(62.832) = 125.66 kip

The deflection of point C is,

P = 126 kip

dC = eL = (0.001)(3)(12) = 0.036 in. ;

dC = eL = (0.001)(3)(12) = 0.036 in. ;

FB (3)
FA (2)
=
AE
AE

Consider the reverse of P on the bar.

FA = 1.5 FB

FB (3)
FA (2)
=
AE
AE

Probs. 4-111/112

So that from Eq. (1)

FA = 1.5 FB

FB = 0.4P
So that from Eq. (1)

FA = 0.6P
0.4(P)(3)(12)
0.4(
0.4(12
0.4(125.
FB L
=
=
AE
AE
p(1)2(20>0.001)

d = 0.036 - 0.0288 = 0.00720 in. ;

Ans.

The deflection of point C is,

Consider the reverse of P on the bar.

dC =

3 pies

s (ksi)

When P is increased, region AC will become

plastic first, then CB will become plastic.
Thus,

+ F = 0;
:
x

FB = 0.4P

= 0.02880 in. :

FA = 0.6P
Ans.

The resultant reactions are

FA = FB = -62.832 + 0.6(125.66) = 62.832 - 0.4(125.66) = 12.568 kip
When the supports are removed the elongation will be,
d =

12.568(5)(12)
PL
=
= 0.0120 in.
AE
p(1)2(20>0.001)

Ans.

208

4-113. Un material tiene un diagrama de esfuerzo-deformacin que puede describirse mediante la curva s = cP1>2.
Determine la deflexin d del extremo de una barra fabricada
de este material si tiene una longitud L, un rea A en su
seccin transversal, y un peso especfico g.

Prob. 4-113
s2 = c2 e

s = c e2 ;

s2(x) = c2e(x)
However s(x) =

(1)
P(x)
;
A

e(x) =

dd
dx

From Eq. (1),

P2(x)
A2

= c2

dd
;
dx

P2(x)
dd
=
dx
A2c2
L

d =

1
1
P2(x) dx = 2 2
(gAx)2 dx
A2c2 L
A c L0
g2

d =

c L0
2

x2 dx =

g2 x3 L

c2 3 0

g3L3
3c2

Capitulo 04_Hibbeler.indd 172

Ans.

13/1/11 19:45:00