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QUALITY REQUIREMENTS

QUALITY REQUIREMENTS RELATING TO THE


WATER-STEAM CYCLE (WSC)
OF STEAM TURBINE INSTALLATIONS
TABLE OF CONTENTS:
1.

Scope .................................................................................................................................. 2

2.

Purpose ............................................................................................................................... 2

3.

Plant operating mode / conditioning .................................................................................... 3

3.1

Alkaline operating mode...................................................................................................... 3

3.2

Neutral operating mode....................................................................................................... 3

3.3

Combined operating mode .................................................................................................. 3

3.4

Condenser protection .......................................................................................................... 4

4.

Guide values for water-steam quality .................................................................................. 5

4.1

In continuous operating mode ............................................................................................. 5

4.2

Additional requirements:...................................................................................................... 6

4.3

Start-up mode...................................................................................................................... 7

5.

Example of components for a measuring / sampling point.................................................. 8

02
Rev.

TQL-Ebel

02.03.06

TQL-Stangel

02.03.06

Changed

Date

Checked

Date

Change No.

Change of doc type,


Correction of page 8
Change No. description

TQL-T.2-Stangel/Lefort

28.07.2005

TQL-T.2 - Stangel

28.07.2005

TD-Harps / TQL-Stangel 28.07.2005

Issued

Date

Checked

Date

Released

Date

Doc Type: SPD

Type/Size:
Project No:

Doc Title:

Quality requirements relating to the water-steam cycle


(WSC) of steam turbine installations

Project:

Doc No:

10000311164

Rev.: 02

Page 1 of 8

The copyright of these documents and all annexes which are entrusted to a persons care always remains the property of our company.
They shall not be copied or duplicated nor shown to or placed at the disposal of third persons without our written consent.

QUALITY REQUIREMENTS
1.

Scope
The present specification regulates the quality requirements relating to the water-steam
cycle (WSC) in steam turbines.
The specification is binding for the operation of MAN TURBO AG steam turbines that are
operated with "salt-free" feed water, injection water and main steam.
Definition of saltfree water (TRD 611):
Saltfree water is water with an electrolyte content corresponding to a conductivity of
< 0.2 S/cm (measured downstream of strongly acid sampling cation exchanger) and a
silicic acid (SiO2) concentration < 0.020 mg/L.
In addition to this specification, the instructions in the operating manual also apply.
The regulations regarding operating modes in this specification are based largely on the
technical rules and regulations of the VGB and VdTV.

2.

VGB guideline for boiler feed water, boiler water and steam of steam generators over
68 bar permissible operating pressure - VGB-R 450 L -

Technical standards for steam boilers - TRD 611 - feed water

Purpose
In order to ensure trouble-free operation of the water-steam cycle (WSC) of the plant it is,
among other factors, essential to maintain operation in compliance with the respective
chemical requirements.
This specification is designed to achieve coordination between operator and steam turbine
manufacturer and to provide all contracting parties with a concept for the implementation of
and compliance with quality assurance measures.
Water and steam quality must not be considered just in terms of individual plant
components but should always be considered in relation to the overall water-steam cycle.
Under certain circumstances this may result overall in more stringent requirements than
demanded by the individual component.
This specification contains minimum quality requirements for boiler feed water, injection
water, main steam and turbine condensate with the aim of ensuring high availability of the
steam turbine installation, particularly in terms of formation of the necessary protective
coating, avoidance of increased deposits and corrosion to the plant components.
In this context particular attention needs to be paid to the quality of the injection water for
steam temperature regulation. Its quality must correspond to that of saltfree feed water and
must not contain solid alkalising materials that would precipitate on the turbine blading.

Project No:

Doc Title:

Quality requirements relating to the water-steam cycle


(WSC) of steam turbine installations

Project:

Doc No:

10000311164

Rev.: 02

Page 2 of 8

QUALITY REQUIREMENTS
The specification contains no details regarding:

3.

On-site sampling

Online measurements and laboratory measurements

The required characteristics of additional and cooling water

Condensate treatment

Plant operating mode / conditioning


There are basically three operating modes for steam turbines:

3.1

Alkaline operating mode


Since magnetite solubility increases significantly at low pH values (decomposition of the
corrosion protection coating), a specific pH range (around pH 9.8) must be maintained in
the boiler water. Volatile alkalising agents keep the pH value of main steam and
condensate at the required alkali level. Additional alkalising of solid matter ensures a
sufficient alkali level for the boiler water.

3.2

Neutral operating mode


Metered addition of gaseous oxygen or hydrogen peroxide solution for lowering the
magnetite solubility. At oxygen content of approx. 80 g/L and greater a significant
reduction of the Fe concentration is noticeable.
Neutral operating mode with the metered addition of oxygen also naturally avoids
ammoniac corrosion to the Cu base tubing in the condenser.
An important prerequisite is the continued presence of saltfree water with conductivity
levels of < 0.2 S/cm as the ingress of even small amounts of air and salt can result in a
jump in corrosion levels.

3.3

Combined operating mode


In combined operating mode conditioning is achieved by means of ammonia and oxygen
and therefore offers the twin benefits of alkali and neutral operating mode.
This operating mode offers a certain amount of protection from minor, brief ingress of air
and salt.
Because of the lower alkalising in the boiler water (pH value < 9.2) than in purely alkali
operating mode, hazardous NH3 concentrations for Cu base materials are also not reached
in the air intake zone of the condenser.

Project No:

Doc Title:

Quality requirements relating to the water-steam cycle


(WSC) of steam turbine installations

Project:

Doc No:

10000311164

Rev.: 02

Page 3 of 8

QUALITY REQUIREMENTS
3.4

Condenser protection
In order to protect the condenser tubing, specific turbine condensate pH values must be
maintained for the following materials:
Copper base alloys

pH value:

max. 9.2

High-alloy corrosion-resistant steels or titanium

pH value:

up to 9.8

Air-cooled aluminium condensate tubing

pH value:

max. 8.0

Project No:

Doc Title:

Quality requirements relating to the water-steam cycle


(WSC) of steam turbine installations

Project:

Doc No:

10000311164

Rev.: 02

Page 4 of 8

QUALITY REQUIREMENTS
4.

Guide values for water-steam quality

4.1

In continuous operating mode


In order to ensure safe and reliable plant and machine operation, the following
requirements in terms of boiler feed water main steam condensate injection water must be
complied with.
Parameter

Unit

Guide value 1)

Desired continuous
operating mode values 2)
(for condensation power plants)

pH value 3)

7 to 9.8

Conductivity (at 25 C) 4)

S/cm

< 0.2

0.1

Silicic acid [SiO2]

mg/kg

< 0.020

0.005

Total iron (Fe)

mg/kg

< 0.020

0.010

Total copper [Cu] 5)

mg/kg

< 0.003

0.001

Sodium [Na] 6)

mg/kg

< 0.010

0.002

Organic substances (DOC)

mg/kg

< 0.2

0.1

Table 1:

Guide and normal operating values for main steam condensate for problem-free continuous
operation (in conformity with VGB - R 450 L)

1)

In order to avoid a reduction in efficiency levels, it is recommended to set


operation below the guide values and within the operating values.

2)

The desired continuous operating mode value can only be achieved in conjunction with
condensate demineralisation.

3)

Compliance with pH values for the various component materials is described in Point 3.4.
It should be pointed out that with aluminium base materials and a pH operating mode of
pH 8, a specific metered addition of oxygen (O2) is required in order to provide the plant
components with sufficient protection from corrosion.

4)

Downstream of strongly acid sampling cation exchanger.


In certain cases in consultation with the contracting parties, additional CO2 degassing may
be provided.

5)

Monitoring of the Cu values in water can be dispensed with if the WSC is free of copper
base materials.

6)

Where "solid alkalising agents" (e.g. NaOH) are used.

In the view of the steam turbine manufacturer, it is essential that the "boiler feed
water, main steam condensate and injection water" measuring points (in addition to
other measuring points) are present.
Project No:

Doc Title:

Quality requirements relating to the water-steam cycle


(WSC) of steam turbine installations

Project:

Doc No:

10000311164

Rev.: 02

Page 5 of 8

QUALITY REQUIREMENTS
Monitoring of the most significant parameters for the water-steam cycle, particularly
measurement of the electrical conductivity downstream of a strongly acid cation exchanger,
should be performed with an online recording device.
Condensate return:
Appropriate measures must be taken to ensure that the turbine condensate returned to the
feed water tank / boiler meets the quality requirements for boiler feed water.

4.2

Additional requirements
Parameter

Unit

Guide value

Start-up mode

(continuous operating
mode value)

(max. 100 h/a)

Calcium + magnesium (Ca + Mg)

mg / kg

< 0.05

< 0.15

Oxygen [O2]
Neutral operating mode
Combined operating mode
Alkali operating mode

mg / kg
mg / kg
mg / kg

0.050 - 0.250
0.030 - 0.150
0.1

0.020 7)
0.020 7)
0.020 7)

Fluoride
Chloride
Bromide
Iodide

[F]
[Cl]
[Br]
[J]

mg / kg
mg / kg
mg / kg
mg / kg

< 0.02
< 0.02
< 0.02
< 0.02

< 0.02
< 0.02
< 0.02
< 0.02

Sulphate

[SO42]

mg / kg

< 0.02

< 0.02

mg / kg

< 1.0

< 3.0

mg / kg

<3

<6

Solid matter
With trisodium phosphate metered
dosage (only for boiler water)
Phosphate

[PO43]

Table 2
7)

If during start-up mode the conductivity value of < 0,2 S/cm is not maintained over an
uninterrupted period of several days, then the oxygen content is to be limited to a value
of < 0.020 mg/kg during this period.
If the conductivity value of < 0.2 S/cm is maintained during start-up operation, then the
oxygen content values for continuous mode shall apply during start-up mode.

Wherever it is possible to improve steam purity over and above the guide values, this
should be the objective for continuous operating mode.

Project No:

Doc Title:

Quality requirements relating to the water-steam cycle


(WSC) of steam turbine installations

Project:

Doc No:

10000311164

Rev.: 02

Page 6 of 8

QUALITY REQUIREMENTS
4.3

Start-up mode
During initial commissioning of new installations and during start-up mode it is not always
possible to immediately achieve or to maintain the guide values shown in Table 1.
In the event of these plant conditions "action values" shall apply for a transitional period
that enable commissioning or continued operation of the installation even though the
parameters are outside the guide values and continuous operating mode values shown in
Table 1.
Parameter

Unit of
measurement

Action
value
1

Action
value
2

Action
value
3

Action
value
4

Conductivity (25C)
downstream of a strongly acid
cation exchanger and CO2
removal, continuous
measurement

S / cm

> 0.2
< 0.35

> 0.35
< 0.5

> 0.5
< 1.0

1.0

Silicic acid [SiO2]

mg / kg

> 0.020
< 0.030

> 0.030
< 0.040

> 0.040
< 0.050

0.05

Total iron (Fe)

mg / kg

> 0.020
< 0.030

> 0.030
< 0.040

> 0.040
< 0.050

0.05

Total copper [Cu] 10)

mg / kg

> 0.003
< 0.005

> 0.005
< 0.008

> 0.008
< 0.010

0.010

Sodium [Na] 11)

mg / kg

> 0.010
< 0.015

> 0.015
< 0.020

> 0.020
< 0.025

0.025

< 100

< 24

<4

0 9)

h/a

< 2000

< 500

< 80

0 9)

Transitional period for


single event
Total cumulative time per
year

Table 3: Guide values for start-up mode 8) and for deviations from the recommended continuous operating
mode values shown in Table 1

8)

MAN TURBO AG recommends starting up the turbine with values < action value 2 in
order to avoid a reduction in efficiency and impairment of service life. A downward
trend in the measured values should be noticeable.

9)

Action value 4:

These values signify that a considerable deterioration in steam quality


has occurred, which can very quickly lead to turbine damage.
Turbine shutdown is urgently recommended.

10)

Monitoring of the Cu values in water can be dispensed with if the WSC is free of copper
materials.

11)

If no solid alkalising agents (e.g. NaOH, Na3PO4) are used, monitoring of the Na values
is not absolutely essential.

Project No:

Doc Title:

Quality requirements relating to the water-steam cycle


(WSC) of steam turbine installations

Project:

Doc No:

10000311164

Rev.: 02

Page 7 of 8

QUALITY REQUIREMENTS
5.

Example of components for a measuring / sampling point


A complete measuring / sampling point for water or steam-carrying systems should comprise
the following components:
1.

Sampling probe

2.

Double shut-off valves

3.

Sampling line (feed)

4.

Cooler

5.

Restricting valve

6.

Cation exchanger

7.

Sampling point upstream of cation exchanger

8.

Sampling point downstream of cation exchanger

9.

On-line measuring devices

Welded connections in the sampling device are


preferred to screw-type connections.

Use of heat-resistant austenitic steel in order to


prevent as far as possible standstill corrosion and
adulteration of the sample.

The sampling probe should intrude into the tubing


far enough to ensure that there is no influence
from the wall area.

In the case of sampling of two-phase


media, the dimensions of the sampling
probe should be selected, such that
isokinetic sampling is possible at least
within certain limits.

6
7

8
9

End of Document

Project No:

Doc Title:

Quality requirements relating to the water-steam cycle


(WSC) of steam turbine installations

Project:

Doc No:

10000311164

Rev.: 02

Page 8 of 8

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