guppent;adl &lguercnlj

^sJar-t U,p,rrF

o...............'.......'......=..--'.V

Diagram 1.1 shows a horse and a whale.

Rajah 1.1 menunjukkan seekor kuda dan seekor ikan paus
\tz

----+i+,-

Whale
lkan paus

Horse
Kuda

Diagram

l.l/

Raiah 1.1

(a)

Name the support system in the horse.

Namakan srsfem sokongan bagi kuda.

(b)

The mass of a whale is much Iarger than the mass of a horse, Why does the support system of the
whale is smaller as compared to the horse?
Jisim seekor ikan paus adalah jauh lebih besar daripada jisim seekor kuda. Mengapakah sstern sokongan
bagi ikan paus adalah lebih kecil berbanding dengan kuda?

[c]
(d)

If the whale is washed ashore, can it move back to the sea? Explain your answer.
ikan paus ditolak oleh ombak ke pantai, bolehkah ia bergerak semula ke laut? Terangkan jawapan anda.

lika

Give two functions of the support system in the horse.

Beri dua fungsi bagi sistem sokongan dalam kuda.

til
Iii)

(e)

Diagram 1.2 shows two animals

and

Q.

Rajah 1.2 menunjukkan dua haiwan, P dan Q.

Ag
tzF

LJ

a
Diagram L.2/ Rajah 1.2
92

-o/9$

cG*.

Science Form

Name the support systems of P and Q.

Namakan sistem sokongan bagi P dan Q.
ID

P:

(ii)

Q:

Diagram 2 shows three plants f, K and L.

Rajah 2 menunjukkan tiga tumbuhan, iaitu J, K, dan L.

lK
Diagram

[aJ ti)

(ii)

2/ Rajah 2

State the support system in plant J.

Namakan sistern sokongan dalam tumbuhan

J.

Name the root which gives extra support to plant

J.

Namakan akar yang memberikan sokongan tambahan kepada tumbuhan

(b) (i)

(iD

(c)

Name the support system in plant K.

Namakan srstem sokongan dalam tumbuhan

K.

State one special feature that helps plant K to support itself better.
Nyatakan satu ciri istimewa yang membantu tumbuhan K untuk menyokongnya.

What is the support system in plant L?

Apakah s/stem sokongan dalam tumbuhan L7

(d) Name the support feature in each of the following groups of plants.
Namakan cirisokongan dalam setiap kumpulan tumbuhan yang berikut.

(D

ti|

J.

Rose and bougainvillea

Ros dan bunga kertas

Cucumber plant and gourd plant

Timun dan peria

."

\.

:93,

Chapter B

. i

o. Science Form 2 Chapter

Questions
Choose tfte best answer

for

each question.

{@.s*Pqer lYrten.ir $iretr

1 The following information shows

the

characteristics of the support system of animal

P.

Maklumat berikut menunjukkan ciri-ciri s6tem

sokongan haiwan P

.
.

Y!

x
I

Inside the body

Dalam badan

Horse

Whale

Kuda

lkan paus

Crab

Leech

Ketam

Lintah

Chicken

Cat

Ayam

Kucing

Grasshopper

Frog

Belalang

Katak

Strong pectoral and pelvic girdles to

support body weight
Lengkungan pektoral dan lengkungan

pelvis yang kuat untuk menyokong berat

Diagram L shows two types of animals,

badan

P and Q.

Rajah 1 menunjukkan dua jenis haiwan, P dan Q.

What is animal P?
Apakah haiwan P?

Ant

Crab

Elephant

Semut

Ketam

SIug
Lintah bulan

Gajah

Diagram

l/

Rajah

Table L shows animals X and Y and their

respective support systems.

Which of the following shows the correct

Jadual

soko ng

Antara yang berikut, yang manakah menunjukkan

srstem sokongan P dan Q yang betul?

masi ng-masi ng.

Animal

Endoskeleton

Haiwan

Rangka dalam

support systems of

menunjukkan haiwan X dan Y serta srstem

and

Q?

Hydrostatic

Exoskeleton

skeleton

Rangka luar

Big and strong

Besar dan kuat

Rangka hidrostatik

Small and unable to support

the body weight

Exoskeleton

Endoskeleton

Rangka luar

Rangka dalam

Exoskeleton

Hydrostatic
skeleton

Kecil dan tidak mampu

menyokong berat badan

Rangka luar

Table 1/ ladual

Rangka hidrostatik

Which of the following represent X and Y?

Antara yang berikut, yang manakah mewakili

Endoskeleton
Rangka dalam

dan Y?

Hydrostatic
skeleton
Rangka hidrostatik

(
I

{'&

,dGo.
Which of the following about the support

Animal

systems in animals are correct?

Antara yang berikut, yang manakah betut tentang
srtern sokongan haiwan?

Haiwan

Caterpillars can maintain their shapes

oftheir body fluids

because

II

Crocodiles can maintain

because oftheir scales

their

shapes
D

Chapter

Goat

Exoskeleton

Kambing

Rangka luar

Pomfret

Hydrostatic skeleton
Rangka hidrostatik

Beetle

Endoskeleton

Kumbang

Rangka dalam

Exoskeleton

Centipede

Buaya boleh mengekalkan bentuk badannya

Type ofskeleton
Jenis rangka

lkan bawal

Beluncas boleh mengekalkan bentuk badannya

kerana bendalir badannya

Science Form

Rangka luar

Lipan

kerana sistknya

III

Insects can maintain their shapes because

oftheir exoskeleton

7 Diagram 3 shows a cockroach.

Rajah 3 menunjukkan seekor lipas
.EfrN-

Serangga boleh mengekalkan bentuk badannya

kerana rangka luarnya

A Iandll

ldan ll

q^'t7

II and III
ll dan lll

B Iandlll

I,ll

and III

l, lldan lll

I dan lll

Diagram

3/

Raiah 3

Diagram 2 shows the classification of animals

Name its type of support system.

based on their support systems.

Namakan jen6 s6tem sokongannya.

Rajah

menunjukkan pengelasan haiwan

berdasa rka n srstem soko

ngan

nya.

Muscle
Otot
Exoskeleton

Hydrostatic skeleton
Rangka hidrostatik

Rangka luar

Endoskeleton
Rangka dalam

*Prert tl:lerTr ir

tllTF

B The following plants have structures which

Endoskeleton

help them to climb, except

Tumbuhan berikut mempunyai struktur yang
membolehkan tumbuhan itu memanjat, kecuali
A water convolvulus

Hydrostatic

Rangka dalam

skeleton
Rangka hidrostatik

Diagram

2/

Rajah 2

kangkung

Which of the following examples represents an

animal in group P?
Antara contoh berikut, yang manakah mewakili
haiwan dalam kumpulan

Bfl*

P?

ffi
W

morning glory plants

pokok seri pagi
cucumber plants
pokok timun
money plants
pokok duit-duit

Diagram 4 shows one type of support system

in plants.
Rajah 4 menunjukkan seienis srtern sokongan
tumbuhan.

Which of the following pairs is correct about

the animal and its type of skeleton?
Antara pasangan berikut, yang manakah betul
tentang haiwan dan jenis rangkanya?
Diagram

Gcntle Reminder

a5

P represents exoskeleton.

,,

.,s

o'ss

4/ Rajah

,rGG-"

Science Form

Chapter

II

Which of the following trees has the same

III

Orchid
Orkid

A Iandll
I dan

Mango tree

Pokok mangga

Bamboo
Buluh

Durian tree
Pokok durian

tersebut?

Casuarina tree
Pokok ru

supporting structure as the plant shown?

Antara pokok berikut, yang manakah mempunyai
struktur sokongan yang sama seperti tumbuhan

IIi

Pokok bakau

10 The following information

L2 Which of the following pairs of plant and its

i
ma support system is correct?

shows three types

of plants,

T0.

Maklumat berikut menunjukkan

tiga

Antara pasangan tumbuhan dan,,

.
.
.

Plant

Support system

Tumbuhan

Srstem sokongan

Lettuce

Cellturgidity

Salad

Kesegahan sel

Lotus plant
Teratai

Water weed
Rumpai air

Water hyacinth

Balsam

Woody tissues

Keembung

Tisu berkayu

Spinach

Water buoyancy

Bayam

Daya apungan air

Lotus

Buttress roots

Teratai

Akar banir

Keladi bunting

Which of the following is not a characteristic of

the above plants?
Antara yang berikut, yang manakah bukan ciri bagi

tumbuhan di atas?
Their stems are soft
Batangnya lembut

L3 Seaweeds are able to stay upright in water but

not on land because of
Rumpai laut boleh tumbuh dengan tegak dalam air
tetapi tidak boleh di atas tanah kerana
A the buoyancy of water
daya apungan air
B the shape of their stems
bentuk batangnya
C the structure of their leaves
struktur daunnya
D the size of the plants is small
' saiz tumbuhan yang kecil

They contain air sacs

Their support system is the woody tissues

Mengandungi rongga udara

Srstem sokongannya ialah tisu berkayu

They are supported by the buoyancy of

water
Disokong oleh daya apungan air

IT The following information

shows the support

systems in plants.
Maklumat berikut menunjukkan sistem sokongan

l4

dalam tumbuhan.
a

Buttress root

II

Which of the following plants possess the

III

above characteristics?

.m
:_tI

thorns
duri

air sacs

A Iandll

Mangrove tree

Pokok bakau

Gcntle Rcrnindcrt
Q]3

rongga udara

manakah

mempunyai ciri-ciri di atas?

trunk
batang

Akar banir

Antara tumbuhan berikut, yang

The features which help non-woody plants in

their supports include
Ciri-ciri yang membantu tumbuhan tidak berkayu
dalam sokongannya termasuk

Woody trunk
Batang berkayu

s6tem

sokongan berikut, yang manakah betul? '

jenis

tumbuhan.

D I,ll and III

l, lldan lll

ldan lll

Mangrove tree

II and III
ll dan lll

ll

I and

Aquatic plants are supported by buoyancy of water.

96

ldan ll
I and III
I dan lll

II and III
ll dan lll

I,ll

and III

l, ll dan lll

@.t"

science Form

Sayuran ttu layu kerana kehilangan terldu banyak

water

air
oxygen

fertiliser
baja

carbon dioxide
karbon dioksida

oksigen

5/

Chapter

The vegetable wilts because it loses too much

15 Diagram 5 shows a lotus piant.

Rajah 5 menunjukkan pokok teratai

Diagram

1B Diagram B shows two lypes of plant support

systems, X and Y.
. EfiR..
('rl
Rajah 8 menuhjukkan dua jenis s/sfem sokongan, X

Rajah 5

Which of the following statements about the

lotus plant is false?

dan

Y.

Antara pernyataan berikut, yang manakah salah

tentang pokok teratai?
A It is an aquatic plant
la adalah tumbuhan akuatik

It is a non-flowering plant
la adalah tumbuhan tidak berbunga

It carries out photosynthesis

la menj a la n ka n fotosi ntesis

Diagram

It is supported by the buoyancy of water

la disokong oleh daya apungan air

Antara kombinasi berikut, yang

system in plants.
Rajah 6 mewakili se7'enrs sistem sokongan bagi

)I I.

Rajah 8

Which of the following combination shows the

correct characteristics?

t6 Diagram 6 represents one type of support

tumbuhan.

8/

manakah

menunjukkan ciri yang betul?

)O
.
!fr-water

Twining stems

Prop roots

Batang melilit

Akar sokonqan

Twining stems

Buttress roots

l\
Weight String

Batang melilit

Akar banir

Tendrils

Buttress roots

Pemberat Benang

Sulur paut

Akar banir

Thorny leaves

Clasping roots

Daun berduri

Akar cengkam

------>

i\b*/ ,,-l-Bauoon
\--:---:---l
Beton i--t---l

Air

6/ Rajah 6
Which of the following plants has the above
Diagram

support system?

Antara tumbuhan berikut, yang

manakah

u.fi.
g.S

mempunyai srstern sokongan di atas?

Yam

Maize

Seaweed
Rumpai laut

Cucumber

Keladi

lagung

6'\-/""""
19

Timun

L7 Diagram 7 shows the condition of a vegetable.

DilM

Apprecialing the Support

Organisms
J Systems in Living
.'"""""""""1

The following information compares the skeletal

system between whales and elephants.
Maklumat berikut membandingkan sistem rangka
antara ikan paus dan gaiah.

Some whales are bigger than

elephants. Howeverl tlre sl<eletal

Rajah 7 menunjukkan keadaan suatu sayuran.

t0

system of a whalc is :;ttr;tlir-'r' tlr;rtt lltc

skeletal systc'l.lt of att clt'plr,rt::
Sesetengah ikan trtaus l-tetstriz ici)tt) ba',)t
daripada gajah. W,tlau bagaimanapun,
sistem rangka ikan paus adalah lebih kecil
daripada srstem rangka gajah.

Two hours later

_>

Dua

jam kemudian

DiagramT/RajahT
"_9g{t$9*SSstiaCg/i
Q.16 This is the support system in aquatic plants.
QJ7 The lack of water in the plant cells reduces its ability to remain upright.

97

.@'.,,,

science Form 2 Chapter

20

Whales do not need big and strong skeletal

system because
Ikan paus tidak memerlukan sistem rangka yang
besar dan kuat kerana
A their muscies can support their body
weights

horse

Jika dibandingkan dengan tkan paus,

mempunyai rangka dalam yang jauh lebih

their body weights are supported by the

buoyancy ofwater

berat badannya disokong oleh daya apungan

air

their bodies contain a lot of fats which are

less dense than water
badannya mengandungi banyak lemak yang

can run very fast

boleh berlari dengan cepat
has to support its own weight
perlu menyokong beratnya sendiri
has a lot of muscles in its body

i
I

mempunyai banyak otot didalam badannya

kurang tumpat daripada air

kuda
besar

berbanding saiznya. Hal ini kerana kuda

is a herbivore
ialah herbivor

ototnya boleh menyokong berat badannya

In comparison to a whale, a horse has an

endoskeleton which is much bigger in
proportion to its size. This is because the

there are many air sacs in their bodies and

these enable them to float
terdapat banyak rongga udara dalam badannya
dan ini membolehkannya terapung

#rycftred

Questions

Answer all questions.

Diagram 1.1 shows the root of a rubber tree.

Rajah 1.1 menunjukkan akar bagi sebatang pokok getah

til

IaJ

(iil

Name the type of root.

Namakan jenis akar ini.

State another feature of the plant which supports the plant.

Nyatakan satu lagi ciri tumbuhan itu yang menyokongnya.

Diagram 1.1/ Rajah 1.1

[2 marks/ markah]

(b)

Diagram 1.2 shows an example of aquatic plant, Hydrilla, which is placed in an empty beaker.
Rajah 1 .2 menunjukkan satu contoh tumbuhan akuatik, Hidrila, yang diletakkan dalam sebuah bikar
kosong.

(i)

[ii)

What happens to the plant when water is poured into the beaker?
Apakah yang terjadi kepada tumbuhan itu apabila air dituang ke dalam bikar?

State the support system of the plant.

Nyatakan srtern sokongan tumbuhan ini.

Diagram 1.2/ Rajah

1.2

[2 marks/ markah]

ffi
Q19 Land

vertebrates have big and strong endoskeleton

is supported by buoyancy ofwater.

to support their body weights. Part of the weight of aquatic vertebrates

-"\ i

198

.ri,6Gx.

2 Classiff

Science Form

Chapter B

the following animals according to their support systems.

Kelaskan haiwan berikut mengikut sistem sokongannya.

. Whale .
lkan paus

Horse
Kuda

Jellyfish

Prawn

Obor-oborUdang

Snail
Siput

Sea cucumber
Timun laut

Dolphin
lkan

Toad
Kodok

lumba-lumba

Endoskeleton

Buoyancy of water

Exoskeleton

Rangka dalam

Daya apungan air

Rangka luar

(a)

(b)

Hydrostatic skeleton
Rangka hidrostatik

tdl

14

marks/ markahl

Diagram 3 shows a few animals,

Rajah 3 menunjukkan beberapa ekor haiwan

Diagram

3/ Rajah 3

Classify the animals in Diagram 3 into three groups based on their common support systems. Write the
letters of the animals belonging to each group.
Kelaskan haiwan-haiwan dalam Rajah 3 kepada tiga kumpulan berdasarkan s6tem sokongan sepunya. Tulis huruf
bagi haiwan itu yang dikelaskan dalam setiap kumpulan.

Common
support system
Srstem sokongan

sepunya

Letters ofthe
animals
Huruf haiwan

f6 marks/ markahf

Cnnprnn

SUMMARY
5.

.8'l-.; Support Systems in Animals

l. Living things need a support system to protect

(a)
(b)

and support their body.

2.

The support system in anirnals is called the

skeletal system.
Endoskeleton
Skeletal system

Suppoft system in land vertebratcs:

Have strong attd large pelvic and pectoral
girdles
The backbone curves upwards to give
more supporl (e.g. elepharit)

Exoskeleton

Hydrostatic skeleton

3.

Support system in humans:

Tlte el eplturt I ls s kc I ela l

.\.v.s I ent

Skull

6.

Support systenr in aquatic vertebratcs:

Have small endoskeleton. body

Pectoral girdle

weight
supported by water buoyancy (c.g. whale)

Rib bone

Back bone
Pelvic girdle

Pelvic girdle

Pectoral girdle

7'ha

The ltumatt skeletul s.\,sleilt

Support system in animals:

Aquatic

Endoskeleton

.\.r's t e nt

8.

Support systcm ilt itrvertcbrates:

Land and aquatic

coverirrg tltc
invcrtebratc
Madc ol'a lrarcl
substancc called

chitin
Skin is shed u,ltcn
thc irrvcrtelrrate
grows (nroultirrg)
E.g. cockroach.
scorl'liott. cral-r

106

ka I c I u

I-lard outer layer

lJydrostatic
skeleton

-s

The functious of errdoskelctou are

(a) to support the body rveight
(b) to maintaiu the shape of the attitnal
(c) to protect the internal organs

Inverlebrate

Exoskcleton

lt u I a .s

7.

The human body is supported by internal

skeleton of bones called endoskeleton.

4.

Hvdrostatic skeleton
Invertcbrate rvitlt a
solt body
'l-he fluid in tlrc
body cxclts llressure
outrvards and rtrakcs

thc body tulgid

li.g. cartltrvornr.

.icllylislr. star{ish

X) Support System in Plants

l. Support system in land plants:
Nop-wbody plantq
Supported by woody tissues (secondary xylem) in Supported by turgidity of water in the stern
The plants will wilt when there is not enough water
the stem
'l\:'

: :1:',

Special features:

Special features:

(a) Thoms - to climb trees and get support (a) Tendrils - coil around other tree for support.
E.g. cucumber, bitter gourd plants
by clinging onto other plants. E.g. rose,
(b)
Twining
stems - climb on other plants by
bougainvillea
(b) Buttress roots - to give additional support. E.g.
twining their stems. E.g. morning glory plant,

(c)

2.

casuarina tree
Prop roots - to give additional support.
E.g. mangrove tree

(c)

long bean plant

Clasping roots - use roots to stick onto stems
other plants. E.g. black pepper, money plant

(b) Tiees cannot grow tall if the supporting

tissues are soft
(c) A person will have to walk on crutches if
his legs are injured

Support system in aquatic plants:

Depends on water buoyancy.
Have a lot of air sacs in the stems and

(a)
(b)

leaves

:-q.:Lj Appreciating
Living Things

l.

of

the Support System in

The importance of the support system:

(a) A whale washed ashore will die because
its endoskeleton is unable to support its

own body weight and move back to the

sea

Each queslion is.followed by./bur ahernative ansv'ers, A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer.

l.

2.

Diagram I shows two groups of animals.

Diagrarn 2 shows two types of animals.

H6fr}
P

CLOI*IC

,Z:\

s4
-)
fuqaflw

qdr)
(/ L\

fll
.r fI
XY

PO
Diagram

Diagram 2

What are represented by the support systems

Which

of

of the following show the types of

skeleton for X and

P and Q?
P

.{fi\$
yllJ\"

Y2

Exoskeleton

Endoskeleton

Endoskeleton

Hydrostat c skeleton

Endoskeleton

Hydrostatic skeleton

Exoskeleton

Hydrostat c skeleton

Hydrostatic skeleton Exoskeleton

Hydrostatic skeleton Endoskeleton

Endoskeleton

Endoskeleton

Exoskeleton

101

Exoskeleton

3.

Which

of the following

A
B
C
D

shows the correct

examples of the support system in animals?

Endoskdeton

4.

Snail

Exoskeleton
Birds

Fish

Scorpion

Elephant

Frog

Spider

Centipede

7.

Enable body to balance easily

To protect muscle cells

To reduce the length of the bones
To make the bones lighter and stronger

Diagram 5 shows three types of animals.

Diagram 3 shows the human skeleton.

Diagram 5
P

of the following

Which

systems for P, Q and R?

Hydrostatic

Exoskeleton

skeleton

Endoskeleton

Hydrostatic

Diagram 3

skeleton
D

Which of the following is labelled correctly?

A P-Pelvic girdle C R-Pectoral girdle

B p-Ribbone D

5.

S-Backbone

8.

show the support

Exoskeleton
Endoskeleton

Hydrostatic

Endoskeleton

skeleton

R
Endoskeleton

Hydrostatic
skeleton
Exoskeleton
Exoskeleton

Diagram 6 shorvs a land vertebrate.

Which human support structure is corectly

matched with its function?

Structure
A

Skull

Pectoral girdle

Function
To supporl body weight
To ease movement of

Diagram 6

the body

Backbone

To support the

Which of the l-ollowing is true about its support

upper

part ofthe body

Pelvic girdle

system?

To support the arms and

head

6.

Diagram 4 shows animal

S.

A
B

Body weight

C
D

br:oyancy
Endoskeleton supports body weight
Has small and weak endoskeleton

Exoskeleton protects soft muscles

is

supported

by water

The foilowing infbrmation

describcs the
characteristics of the support system of anirnal
Z.

.
.
.

Diagram 4

Intemal skeleton
Small and weak skeletons
Body weight supported by the upthrust

of
!

__'_**l

Which of the following explains why animal S

has hollow bones?

What is animal

108

What is represented by Ml
A Endoskeleton
B Exoskeleton
C Hydrostatic skeleton
D Body fluid

ffia\

ffi

,@

Diagram 9 shows organism X.

13.
,F,f,riouE

ilnl

lrq00,

10. Diagram 7 shows the support systems of two

Diagram 9

animals.

What type of support system does organism

have?

A
B
C
D

v
Diagram

Hydrostatic skeleton
Exoskeleton
Endoskeleton
Body fluid

14. Diagram l0 shows the classification of

Animal )'has a smaller and lighter endoskeleton

compared to animal Xbecause
A its body has a lot of air space to help it float
B half its body weight is made up of fluid
C its body is protected by a thick layer of fat
D its body vi,eight is supported by water

support

S99{
svstems in animals.
119006) ,
Support system in animals

Invertebrates

Vertebrates

buoyancy

ll.

Exoskeleton

Which of the following shows the difference

between land veftebrates and

Hydrostatic
skeleton

aquatic

verlebrates?

Diagrant I0

Aquatic
vertebrate

Land vertebrate

What is represented by

Aflcj,w@

Exoskeletal system

Endoskeletal

ffiJ
Tffi
BS

system

Skeletal system
weak

Skeletal system
strong

Big pectoral and

pelvic girdles
Supported by body
ffuid

Smallpectoral and
pelvic girdles

Supported by water
buoyancy-'

12. Diagram

8 shows three types of animals which

have the same skeletal system M.

15.

M@*
\w
NK \\

Diagram I I shows a balloon. The water makes

the balloon firm and maintains its shape.

-\-\

a
Diagram

Diagram

109

Which organism uses the sarne principle of

Which plant is correctly matched to its support

support system as the balloon?

C Centipede
A Starfish
D Spider
B Prarvn"

system?

Plant

Support system

16. Diagram l2 shows fbur types of animals.

--4(9.*=:d

Diogram I2
B

the following shows the support

systems tbr J, K, L and M?
Which

o1-

Endoskeleton

Exoskeleton

Exoskeletou
Hydrostatic
skcleton

skeleton
Hydrostatic

skeleton

skeleton

Hydrostatic

Exoskeleton

Hydrostatic

Hydrostatic

Exoskeleton

skeleton

.t

Hydrostatic

Endoskeleton

C
Endoskeleton

Endoskeleton

skeleton
Endoskeleton Endoskeleton

17. Diagram 13 shows two types of plant

fi1{
*Q009svsterns.
'

support

hffi

19.

Diagrant I3

Which

of the following

shows

Diagram l5 shows the classification of support

system in plants.
Support system in plants

the correcl

clraracteristics of P and Q?

Buttress roots

Thorns

Prop roots

Twining stems

Clasping roots

Buttress roots

Twining stems

Prop roots

18. Diagranr 14 shows the support systems in

fi"j9-{
nlants.
R(
2010

Aquatic plants

Land plants

Diagram l5

'

Which of the fbllowing show the special features

of support system of p?
A Prop roots, buttress roots
B Water turgidity, tendrils
C 'l'horns, water buoyancy
D Buttress roots, clasping roots

Climbing
tlrorn

Diagrant I4

110

20.

Diagram 16 shows a land plant M.

Clasping roots of balsam plant stick onto

the beaker to make it firm
Water turgidity in the stem makes it fresh
and firm

23. Diagram l9 shows two types of plants.

ffi

Diagram I6

Which roots give support to Plant M?

A Buttress roots C ClasPing roots
D Fibrous roots
B Prop roots

21.

Diagram l9

Diagram 17 shows two types of roots.

A,tM
Diagram

I7

Trvining stems

Tendrils

Climbing thorns

Twining stems

Water turgidity

Hooks

Climbing thorns

Clasping roots

24. Which plant is correctly rnatched with

Which plants are supported by root X and root

its

support system?

Y2

22.

of the following

shows the special

K?
andplant
support system ofplant J

Which

Banyan

Casuarina

Durian

Mangrove

Casuarina

Rubber tree

Mango

Meranti

Diagram l8 sliows a wilted balsam plant.

Plant

Support system

Cucumber

Clasping root

Balsam

Tendril

Morning glory

Twining stems

Bitter gourd

Water turgidity

25. Diagram 20 shows the special support structures

of a plant.
After

hour

Diagrant I8
One hour after water is added to the beaker, the
balsam plant becomes fresh and finn.

Diagram 20

Which of the following is correct about the

Which plant has the above support system?

A Pumpkin
B Maize plant
C Rose plant
D Morning glory plant

above observation?

The stern of balsam plants has large air

space to rnake it fresh and firm

Water buoyancy supports tl-re balsam plant

lll

29. Which of the following is the characteristic of

aquatic plants that float on the water surface?
A Compact woody tissues
B Large leaves
C Strong and heavy roots
D Cell walls strengthened by lignin

26. Diagram 2l shows a cross-section of the stem

of a type of plant.
Epidermis
Soft tissue

30. Diagram 23 shows two organisms, P and Q.

Diogram

2l

What is the function of-X?

Enables the plant to absorb water
To make the plant light and float on water
To transport food from leaves to roots
To carry out photosynthesis

A
B
C
D
27.

Dia gram 22 shows two similar plants

fl

ffiJ

in two

Diagram 23

con tainers.

Ittt

Organisms P and Q wrll die if they are placed

under the sun.
Which of the following keeps organisms P and
Q in turgid condition?

A
B
C
D

Diagram 22

Which

of the following explains the above

31.

observation?

A
B

Plant

Xis heavier

Plant

X has more air sacs which rnake it

than plant

stands upright due

to

water

buoyancy

The leaves of plant )' absorb water

and

become turgid

28. The following information

shows

the

characteristics of plant P.
a

Soft, light and non-woody stem

Small and soft roots
Stem and leaves have a lot

ofair

spaces

What is plant P?

A
B

Hydrilla
Money plant

C
D

Water
Muscle cells
Compact tissues

Which statement is correct about the support

system in humans?
A Helps humans to float in water
B Prevents the movement of the body
C Prevents the body from being overweight
D Protects the internal organs from damages

wilt

C Plant Y

Air

Rose plant
Balsam planl

tt2

{::;:*-l-::";

::-::=

* ---:*--:

HpFW 2 r=::-.::-::::::::::::::-:=-j:::: :j:::--::--::::-'::-:l

Answer all questions.

1.

Diagram I shows six fypes of animals P, Q, R, S, T and U.

w tu

@
P

, *\

Diagram

(a)

State the parts of the animals that support the body weight of the animals.

P:

.S:

Q:

T:

R:

U:
[4 marksl

(b)

Classifu animals P, Q, R,.S, Z and U into two groups based on their skeletal systems.

P,Q,R,S,T,U

Skeletal system

Animal
1.4

murksf

12

marksl

Diagram 2 shows four types of animals P, Q, R and ,S.

(a) Tick
the box below the animals which are supported by an endoskeleton.

(/)

=$g
td .(

&
P

Diagrant 2

lt3

(b)

Draw lines to match the endoskeleton with its functions.

Maintains the shape of the animal
Maintains the weight of the body
Endoskeleton
Enables the body to become firm and rigid
Protects the internal organs of the animal

(c)

[3 marks]
State one characteristic of the bones of animal P which makes it lighter.

ll
3.

Diagram 3 shows two animals X and

markl

l.

Diagram 3
(a) Na me the support systems of

and

Y.

X:
Y:

(b)

State one similarity betrveen

and

State one difference between

(d)

Explain whyXhave small pelvic and pectoral girdles.

and

marksl

ll

mat'kl

ntarkl

ll

ntark)

Y.

(c)

12

based on their support systems.

4. (a) Diagram 4.1 shows two plants I4t and X.

I
I
I

Diagram 4.1

tt4

(D

Name the support system in the box using the following words.
Clasping roots

[2 marks]

(ii)

Circle the plant which have the same support system asX.
Cucumber

(b)

Diagram4.2 shows plant

Morning glory plant

Balsam plant

ll

markl

ll

ntarkl

mark)

Diagram 4.2

(i)

What makes plant I/stand upright in water?

(ii)

State one characteristic of plant I'.

(iii)

Draw and label the cross-section of the stem of plant ).

f2 marksf

115

r F=:
*.1:

F:.
r ira::::i:

.,.

E=:

t.

;::

.L-,:

,n+_r: *:s:r

Support and
Movement

l:':

Sokongan dan 0erakan

PMR.

TOPI9ALANALYSTS

Year

'08

'07

Paper

., l-l_-,
.1l-,

Numoeiot qu6"iio,ii

_-11

P1

P1

'09

', P2 : .Pt
--i

'10
Dat

P1

..-..-__l
1

IFFECTIYT NOTES
Gftr support

fE$ support system

system in animals

Sistem sokongan dalam haiwan

There are three types

in

animals known

of support

as

systems

endoskeleton,
exoskeleton and hydrostatic skeleton.
Terclapttt tiga janis sistem sokongan clalam haiwan

yang dikenali scbagai rangka dalam, rangka luar

clan rangka hidrostatik.

Lancl plants can be diviclecl irtto herbaceous

(non-woody plants) and woody plants.

Tumbttltan daratan dibahagikan

berkayu.

(a) Herbaceous plants such as balsanr and

banana clepend on the turgidity of

cells (water in the cells) in the stem for
support.
Tumbuhan herba, misalnya pokok keembung
dan pisang, bergantung pada kesegahan sel
batang u ntuk menclapatkan sokongan.

Sistem rangka manusia terdiri daripada tengkorak,

Iengkungan

pektoral, Iengkungan pelvis dan tulang anggota.

Lancl vertebrates like elephants and horses

neecl big and strong pectoral and pelvic

girdles to support their body weight.
Haiwan vertebrata c!arat seperti gajah dan
kucla ntemerlukan Iengkungan pektoral clan
lengkungan pelvis yang besar dan kuat untuk
menyo kon g be rat bad an nya.

AqLratic vertebrates like whales are supported

by water buoyancy.

Ilaiwan vertebrata akuatik seperti ikan

paus

clisokong oleh daya apungan air.

Lancl invertebrates like eartlrworm and

caterpillar with soft bociies are sr-rpportecl by
hydrostatic skeleton or body fluids.
Haiwan invertebrata claratan seperti cacing tanah
clan lintah yang berbaclan lembut disokong oleh
rangka hidrostatik atau bendalir badan.
lnvertebrates like prawns ancl centipecles are
supported by exoskeletons which are hard,
outer skins.

flaiwan invertebrata sepetti uclang dan lipan

clisokong oleh rangka Iuar yang berkulit keras.

@
].

kepada

tumbuhan herba (tidak berkayu) dan tumbuhan

Human skeletai system is macle r-rp of skull,

backbone, ribs, pectoral and pelvic girdles
ancl limb bones.

tulang belakang, tulang rusuk,

in plants

Sistem sokangan dalam tumbuhan

(b)

Woody plants such as mango

and

angsana use woocly tissues known as

secondary xylem cells for sr-rpport.
Tumbuhan berkayu, misalnya pokok mangga
dan angsana menggunakan tisu berkayu yang

clikenali sebagai sel xilem sekunder untuk

sokongan.

Some land plants have aclditional support

such as clescribecl below.
Sesetengah tumbuhan daratan mempunyai
sokongan tambah an seperti berikut.

(a) Plants with soft stem have clasping roots

(money plants and black pepper), thorns

(rose and bougainvillea), twining stems

(bitter gourd, morning glory and long
bean plants) ancl tendrils (cucumber
plarrts and gor,rrd plants).
'[umbuhan berbatang lembut mempunyai
akar cengkam (pokok duit-duit clan pokok
lacla hitam), duri (pokok ros clan bunga
kertas), batang melilit (pokok peria, seri pttgi
clan pokok kacang panjang) dan sulur paut
(pokok tintun dan peria).

Practice

they give us proper posture

with woody stems have buttress

roots (angsana trees, durian trees) and
prop roots (mangrove trees, banyan

(b) Plants

enables us to move
memberikan postur yang betul supaya kita
dapat bergerak

trees).
Tumbuhan batang berkayu mentpunyai akar
banir (pokok angsana, pokok durian) dan
akar sokong (pokok bakau, pokok banyan).

which

our body weight and protect

internal organs from injury
menyokong berat badan kita dan melindungi

(b) they support

Aquatic plants such as water hyacinth and

lotus are supported by water buoyancy.
Tumbuhan akuatik seperti keladi bunting dan

organ badan daripada kecederaan

Support systems are important to animals

because they enable the animals to search
for food and survive in their habitats.

teratai disokong oleh daya apungan air.

Srstem sokongan penting kepada haiwan kerana

membolehkan haiwan tersebut mencari makanan

dan hidup dalam habitatnya.

GEI nppreciating the support

Support systems are important to plants

because they enable plants to stay upright
and obtain sunlight for plrotosynthesis.
Sistem sokongan penting kepada tumbuhan

system in living organisms

Menghargai sistem sokongan dalam

p*enle-l!$-q.p*

Support systems are important

to

humans

kerana membolehkan tumbuhan tersebut berdiri

because:

menegak

Srstem sokongan penting kepada manusia kerana:

Mu

ITIpTE.cHOICE QU ESTIoNS

un

tu k

dan mendapatkan cahaya

matahari

p roses l'otosi ntesi s.

Qurestions 2 and 3 refer to Diagram 1 .

Soalan 2 dan 3 merujuk kepada Rajah 1
.

INSTRUCTION: Each question is followed by four

possible answers A, B, C and D. Choose the correct

Diagram

shows the classification of support

systems in animals.

answer.

Diagram

ARAHAN: Setiap soalan diikuti oleh empat pilihan

haiwan.

jawapan A, B, C dan D. Pilih jawapan yang betul.

PMR

menunjukkan klasifikasi sistem sokongan

Support system in animals

cLoNE

'06

Srstern sokongan haiwan

GED support system in animals

Sistem solnngan dalam haiwan

1
PMR
croilE

'05

lnvertebrates
lnvertebrata

Which organism is correctly matched with its

support system?

Exoskeleton

Organisma manakah yang dipadankan betul dengan

sistem sokongannya?

Organism

Support system

Organisma

Sistem sokongan

Prawn

Endoskeleton

Udang

Rangka dalam

Snake

Exoskeleton

Ular

Rangka luar

Caterpillar

Hydrostatic skeleton

Beluncas

Rangka hidrostatik

D Centipede
Lipan

Practice

Endoskeleton
Rangka dalam

Diagram

1 Rajah

Which animal can be represented by

Haiwan manakah yang diwakili oleh
A Beetle
Kuntbang

Crab
Ketam

Earthworm

Cacing tanah
Fish
lkan

P?

P?

7 why do elephant and rhinoceros have big

Which example can represent an animal in

pectoral and pelvic girdles?

group Q?

Contoh manakah

Mengapakah gajah dan badak sumbu mempunyai

lengkungan pektoral dan pelvis yang besar?
A To enable them to run faster
Membolehkan haiwan-haiwan ini berlari dengan

yang boleh mewakili haiwan

dalam kumpulan Q?

ffi ffi

lebih pantas

Membolehkan haiwan-haiwan ini mencari makanan

>.j-]
/-\

What are the similarities between the two

animals

and Q shown in Diagram 2?

{E?

Apakah persamaan di antara dua haiwan, P dan Q

yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 2?

N
\\\

.<-;/-a

LA&/

B
PMN

To enable them to find food

To enable them to support their body weight
Membolehkan haiwan-haiwan ini menyokong
berat badan
To enable them to swim faster
Membolehkan haiwan-haiwan ini berenang
dengan pantas

support system in plants

Sistem sokongan dalum tumbuhan

Diagram 3 shows a plant cell.

Rajah 3 menunjukkan satu sel tumbuhan.

CLONE

'04

Diagram

2 Rajah

Both are invertebrates.

Both are supported by exoskeletons.

Ked u a- d u a ad al ah

aiwa n i nverte br ata.

Kedua-dua disokong oleh rangka luar.

Both are carnivorous.

Diagram

Kedua-dua adalah karnivor.

The jellyfish supports its body by using

dengan

menggunakan

membantu menyokong tumbuhan tersebut?

Diagram 4 shows a black pepper plant.

cartilage

Rajah 4 menunjukkan pokok lada hitam.

rawan

Rajah 3

Which structure A, B, C or D helps to support

the plant?
Antara struktur A, B, C atau D, yang manakah

Both have endoskeletons.

Kedua-dua mempunyai rangka dalam.

Ubur-ubur menyokong badannya

muscles
otot

backbone
tulang belakang

a hydrostatic skeleton
rangka hidrostatik

Snails and crabs have a hard outer skeleton

which is made of
Siput dan ketant mempunyai rangka luar yang terdiri
daripada

calcium carbonate C chitin

Rajah 4

Which plant has the same support system

the plant shown

as

in Diagram 4?
sistem

sokongan yang sama seperti tumbuhan dalam Rajah

4?

@,
I

Tumbuhan manakah yang mempunyai

karbonat kitin
B cellulose
D gel
selulosa
gel
kalsium

Diagram

A Cucr-rmber plant

A Balsam plant

Pokok timun

Pokok keembung

Money plant

Spinach

Pokok duit-duit

Bayam

C Long beans
Pokok kacang panjang

Water hyacinth
Keladibunting

D Bitter gourd

D Durian tree
Pokok durian

Pokok peria

10 Diagram 5 shows
systenrs, P and Q.

two types of plant support

12

CTONE

'09

Rajah 5 nenunjukkan
tumbuhan, P dan Q.

DiagramZshowsaplant.
Rajah 7 menunjukkan satu tumbuhan.

Ptm

dua

jenis sistem sokongan

Diagram 7 Rajah

How does the above plant get its sr-rpport?

Bagaimanakah tumbuhan di atas menclapat

Pa
Diagram

sokongannya?

5 Rajah

Which pair shows the correct characteristics?

Pasangan manakah yang menunjukkan ciri-ciri yang

Prop roots

Have tendrils

Akar sokong

Mempunyai salur paut

Have tendrils

Prop roots
Akar sokong

Mempunyai salur paut

Clasping roots

Thorny leaves

Akar cengkam

Daun bercluri

D Thorny leaves
Daun berduri
11

Tenclrils
Sulur paut

Hooks or thorns
Cangkuk atau duri

betul?

13

Clasping roots

Akar cengkam
Twining stems
Batang melilit

Diagram B shows a cross section of the stem of

a plant. The air spaces enable the plant to
Rajah 8 menunjukkan keratan rentas batang satu
tumbuhan. Ruang udara membolehkan tumbuhan
tersebut

Have tenclrils
Mempunyai salur paut

Diagram 6 shows a cross section of the stem of

plant. Which plant is probably shown here?

Rajah 6 menunjukkan keratan rentas batang

satu tumbuhan. Tumbuhan manakah yang
berkem u ngki nan d i tu n j u kkan

arr space

ruang udara

Diagram B Rajah

A float
terapung

absorb food
menyerap makanan

transport minerals
memindahkan mineral

D breathe in water
bernafas dalam air

Diagram 6 Rajah 6
'i::!:::l'\'i

I ':':Piactici;
B

,@

I
,1

14

Diagram

sl-rows

tlre condition of a

15 Which plant is correctly rnatched

non-

PMR

woocly plant.

tidak
Rajah 9'mentrnitrkkan keac/aan satu tumbtrhan
berkayu.

ILUNT

'10

systenr

iumbuhan
de

to its support

manakal't yang, clipaclankan dengan betul

n gan s i ste m soko n

gj!!Y

^:

Plant

Suppott sYstem

Tumbuhan

Sistent sokongan

A
Buttress root
Akar banir

ffi
tr'L

4.00 p.m

9.00 a.m

Hollow stem
Batang berongga

Diagram 9 'Raiah 9
C

The plant wilts because of insufficient

Tumbtthan ittt layu kerana kekurangan

oxygen

Twining stem
Batang melilit

water
air

oksigen

B fertilizer

carbon dioxide
karbon clioksida

baia

Clasping root
Akar cengkam

srnucruRED Queslotts
INSTRUCTIONS: Write your answers in the spaces provided'
ARAHAN: Tulis iawapan ancla clalam ruang yang clisediakan

Based on Diagram 1, answer the

following questions'

Berdasarkan nilah l, lawab soalan-soalan berikut'

jellyf ish
ubur-ubur

earthworm
cacing tanah

crab
ketam

Diagram
(a)

'l

Rajah

belalang

tiger
harimau

goat
kambing

whale
ikan Paus

grasshoPPer

in Diagram 1'
Cive two characteristics of anY of the three animals shown
dalam Raiah 1.
Berikan dua ciri untuk mana-mana tiga haiwan Yang ditunjukkan
(i)

(ii)

(b)

Classify the animals into three Broups based on their support system.

Kelaskan haiwan-haiwan kepada tiga kumpulan berdasarkan sistem sokongan haiwan tersebut.
( r,i

(ii)

(iii)

(c)

State one important characteristic for each group based on your answers in (a) and (b).
Nyatakan satu ciri penting untuk setiap kumpulan berdasarkan jawapan anda dalam (a) dan (b).

(d)

Classify the animals into land vertebrates, aquatic vertebrates and invertebrates.
Kelaskan haiwan-haiwan tersebut kepada vertebrata daratan, vertebrata akuatik dan invertebrata.

(i) Land vertebrate:

Vertebrata daratan:

(ii) Aquatic vertebrate:

Vertebrata akuatik:-

(iii) lnvertebrate:
lnvertebrata:

(e)

State one difference in the support systems of land and aquatic invertebrates.
Nyatakan satu perbezaan dalam sistem sokongan invertebrata darat dan akuatik.

Diagram 2.1 shows four plants: water hyacinth, rose plant, cucumber plant and mango tree.
Rajah 2.1 menunjukkan empat tumbuhan: keladi bunting, pokok ros, pokok timun dan pokok mangga.

Diagram 2.2 shows the cross section of the stems of four plants.
Rajah 2.2 menunjukkan keratan rentas empat batang tumbuhan.

Water hyacinth
Keladi bunting

Wff
Rose plant

Cucumber plant
Pokok timun

Pokok ros

Diagram 2.1 Rajah 2.1

Diagram 2.2 Rajah 2.2

.:(

,-1---\

60

Mango tree
Pokok mangga

(a) Match the plants to their

respective cross section of stems.

Padankan tumbuhan dengan keratan rentas batang masing-masing.

(i) Water hyacinth

Keladi bunting:

(ii) Rose plant

Pokok bunga ros:

(iii) Cucumber plant

Pokok timun:

(iv) Mango tree

Pokok mangga:

(b)

State how the following plants support themselves.

Nyatakan bagaimana tumbuh-tumbuhan berikut menyokong diri masing-masing.

(i) Water hyacinth

Keladi bunting:

(ii) Rose plant

Pokok bunga ros:

(iii) Cucumber plant

Pokok timun:

(iv) Mango tree

Pokok mangga:

(c) Cive one reason why plants need a support

system.

Beri satu sebab mengapa tumbuhan memerlukan sistem sokongan.

Force and Motion

4f
I

j;,

qry?'
?lv

Support and
Movement

;d

TA

Instruction: Each question is followed by four options, A, B, C and D. Choose the correct answer.
Arahan: Setiop soalan diikuti oleh empat pilihan A, B, C dan D. Pilih jawapan yang betul.

tupport tyrtem in Animqlr

Soft body with body

fluids
Badart lenfuut dengan bendslir

Bocly fluids exert pressure

DIAGRAM 1/P.AJAH

on soft body surface

Kedun-duanyn adalslt

buoyancy of water
kcnpurtgnn nir

hydrostatic skeleton

Kedu n- du any a disokott

rangkn lidrostntik

rangka dolatt

exoskeleton

rnrrcka ,lalnnt

,/-

t15u

datlnt

have backbones

have hard external

structures

ntkt ur

ynng kcras

live on land
hitlup di darat

are rnamrnals
t L,

t t

m en j ad ikn

lto

dntt

dntr kt'rns

by
ol eh

cockroach witl-r the skeletal

systern P.

/ is supported by

Rajolt 2 tnertun.jt*knrr scekor

Iip as yart

rn ent
It

tr

nrl

si s te

tr

rnngka P.

l)ok

cttrlb{rdns

rn at tt nl i n

ffii"

bones
wheras K has compact
bones
I menrytuttysi tulartg berongga

ny ni tulan g ltelakan g

m anrp tu tr1 ni st

t,

scanh

D / has hollow

rncmp

.2"
(:*t

nt

To make the body turgid

and finn
Untuk

disokong olelr rangka dalarrt

mrutsknls K disokong olelt
daya kea1tungarr

Sctttun z-,ertcltrat

dnl anr

To prevent the body

from drying out

5 Diagram 2 shows
g

2 All vertebrates

endoskeleton wheras K
is supported by water
buoyancy

endoskeleton

o rgn

@''*i,oo

endoskeleton

rangkn Iuar

inrtcrteltrut
Botl-r are supported

To protect internal
organs of the body

Un t uk nrcrr ca gnlt ltad a tt

dariytada kckeringntt

Both are invertebrates

tLlttottg

K?

Mennmltnlt bt:rnt badut

badnn

Antara berikut, yattg nunakah

benar tentattg haizttatt I dan K?

The above description

cxplains the
Hurtiart di ntos nrenjelnsknn

To add weight to the

body

Melindu n gi

Which of the following

is true about animals / and

etdal i r b adnn nrcn genakart

teknnnn kc atas ltermukaan
badnrt yang lenrbut
B

badntt

m#

Iua

nrotnknln K ntonprtttyni
tulang Ttadat

l$r

comncrtr

4 What

are the functions of

endoskeleton in humans?

Apnkah

DIAGRAM z/PAJAHz

Which of the following are

true about P?
Antnrn lterikut, r1artg nnnnkalr
benar tentang P?
A P is also known as the

hydrostatic skeleton
P jugn dikunli sebagoi rangkn

fungsi rangka dalam pada

nttttusin?

hidrostatik

71

@ Penerbit

llmu Bakti Srln. Bhd. (7.J2516-tll) 2012

Science Form 2

P consists of calcium

carbonate
P nrcngandungi kolsium
karbrmst

helps in maintaining the

shape of the cockroach

Exoskeleton

Exoskeleton Exoskeleton

Rangka lunr

Ilnngkn lunr

Exoskeleton

Rnngfu dnlan

Rangknluar

skeleton

Hydrostatic Hydrostatic

P is perrneable to water

Rangkaluar

skeleton

skeieton

Rnrrgka

Rairgkri

hidrostntik

hidrostatik

hilrostntik

onrrx.one

Rnngkn dalnnt

ffiqsanirnals is correctly matched

to its type of skeleton?
gkt t t t1 a de n grr.t betul

Hsiwun

luar

skeleton
Ilangkn
hidntstatrk

(eot

lnis

9 Which vertebrate

rangka

Questions

and 9 refer

V cr I dt rn

to

Dingrnm 4.
Soalan 8 dan 9 nrcruitrk Rainlt

Diagram 4 shows glass tubes X

and Y of the same dimension.

Rnngkn tlnlmt

Cockroach

Exoskeleton

Rajalr 4 nrcnunjukkntt tiult kacn X

tlan Y ynng mernlttrrttloi dirrtcttsi yang

Lipas

Rnngka lunr

slfiLa.

Snake
Ulnr

Exoskeleton

Shark
Ikat juurtg

Hydrostatic

lunr

50 mm

15mm

d5 "Ne*
POR

Which of the following is

correct about their support
systems?
Antsra berikut, yang manakalt

benar tcntong sisteru sokongnn

@ Pcnerbit

niioart ini

llmu Bakti Sdn. Bhd. (732516'M) 2012

u tt

tr

lr

lt

tr

trrl

ni

tuk

sln n yt c r ge rnkan

Whale
Ikan paus

Bird

Elephant

Snake

Gojnlr

Burttng

UInr

"*"..,',,

10

DTAGRAM 5/PAJAH5

50 mm

Which animal has the same

support systern as the
animal shor.t'n in Diagram 5?

Glass rod Y
Tiub kaca Y

three
animals, P, Q and R.

'r';\t

nttnknl r

Glass tube X
Tiub kaca X

7 Diagram 3 shows
P, Q dan R.

skeleton

Roiolt 3 rncnun.iukkatt tiga lnizt,an,

r t

menrb nntuntl n

4.

Cacing tnnnlr

Rangkn

t rLlang bttro rt g't a

Endoskeleton

izonn-l

has

morterncnt?.

rcktim

to

lll dnn IV salmia

ottr".ru,.t

Gc'
\-

Rnngkn

III and IV only

hollow bones to helP it in its

Earthworm

DIAGRAM 3/RAJAH

lll sahaia
II dan IV onlY
II dan IV saluja

o*ede,"

hidrostntik

@t

lll only

I and
I dnn

Type of
skeleton

Animal

Rnngka

I and II only
I dan II sahaja

Endoskeleton Exoskeleton Hydrostatic

6 Which of the following

r nt t

Iebilt segah

Exoskeleton

trtnnakdt dipndnnkon dengnn jcnis

more brittle

IV more iurgid

Rnirgka

P rnanyediaknn sokongnn
datt nrcntban t u mengeknlkan
Itcntuk lipas

Atrtnrn hniittnn bcrikut, rlang

III

leltih tahan terhadaP tekanan

Rnngkaluar

Endoskeleton Hydrostaiic

P boleh diresapi oleh sir

et

more resistant to
pressure

Iebih raptLh

P provides support and

II

R,

Hnit,ntr

A Ant

bone respectively.

Semut

X dan Y masing-nnsing nrcttakili

tulang rongga dan tulattg padat.

bones, hollow bones of the

same weight are
Berbantling tulcng padat, tulntg
berongga datgnn ltcrnt rlnng samn
adalolt

tl i t u rtj

Tapak

(;-t

ukkan

C Fish

B Starfish D
sulahnnn

lkau

Centipede
LiTtort

dart,s

11 Diagram 6 shows the

different types of suPPort
svstem in animals.
Rnialr 6 rrtcrtttnjukkart sistetn

stronger

sokLtngan

lettilr kuot

ItaiiL,stt.

72

ntctttyuttyni

den gnn hniit' a n y nn g

dolnrn Rnjalt 5?

Xand Yrepresent the

hollow bone and compact

8 Compared to cornpact

trti:.rnknl t

sistertr sokrtngott Vattg satna

DIAGRAM 4/RAJAH4

ynng ltcrlainnn ddant

Support and Movement

Support system
in animals
Sistem sokongan
dalanr lnizoan

Invertebrates
Inoerteltrat

Endoskeleton

13 The air sac in the plant

;tffig.enable
it to
*
, Rrnng udarn dnlnm tumbulart itu
membolehkan tunrltulmn itu
i

i
I

too much water is lossed?

Antarn tunfuulnn lteriku t,

float

tet'oputl1

yang runnakah skan latlu pnda

lnri Ttanns, di nane bcrlokunyn

store oxygen

kehilnngnrr nir rlnrtg banynk?

urartyitnpan oksigcn

breathe

absorb minerals

B
C

wtt"a''e

[$n

Haiutart yang nnnakah bolelt

digolttngknn dalam kuntpulnn Q?

14 Which of the following are

support structures found in
non-woody plants?
Antnra berikut, ynng nnnnkalt
inlolt struktur sokongnn yang

Ii

lta

tn

r t

7.
'!.3

din

neruitrk Rnjah 7.

B
C

trttrttrttlttkknrt kcrntatt rurtns

stt nl

struktur Q.

Sttlur part

Buttress roots

ntbtrltnr t.

I tr

Clasping roots

Aknr sokong

Diagram 7 shows the crosssection of stem of a plant.

llnlnlr

Rnjalt 8 ntcnurtjukknn sattt

tnk bcrkayu dengan

tttniltilnn

IV Prop roots

Questions 12 and1.3 re.fcr to

Soalan 12

17 Diagram 8 shows a nonwoody plant with structure Q.

Aknr cengkanr

tupport tyrtem in Ptontr

Dingrntrt

@l

I and II only
I dnn II snlnjn
I and III only
I dnn III saln.ia
II dan IV only
ll tlan IV sohnjn
III and IV only
III dm IV snlmjn

DIAGRAM 8/RAJAH

Antnrn beriktrt, tlartg mntnkalt

benar terttnrtg struktur Q?

A Structure Q is called

adventitious root

cnrous

Struktur Q dikennli

15 Twining stems are support

structures found in

iti

sokongarr yong terdaytot Ttnda

disokong olelt

A adventitious

roots

nknr ndt,gttitirts

B water buoyancy

kaaltungan nir

C thorns

dtrri

D woody tissue
t$t

tisu Iterkatltt

Structure Q provides
additional support for
the plant

money plant
pokok duit-duit
maize plant

Struktur Q mcnyediakan

pokok jagung

sokon

sugar cane plant

turnbulnn

Ttokok tebu

Structure Q is also found

in rose plants

bitter gourd plant

uokttk ncria

l^-t'

lg,

Structure Q shows nastic

movement
Struktu r Q nrcnu,njukknrr
gcraknrt nnsti

Batang mclilit adalnlt struktur

12 The plant is supported by

Tunrbulnn

scbngai

nknr ndz,uttitius

Ruang udara

DIAGRAM 7/RAJAHT

Which of the following is

true about structure Q?

Air sac

/--

.iltdbucti

Akar bnnir

III

.1'-

I Tendrils

$ouPlne

Rubber tree
Pokok sctalt

t1$rt

tcrdnpat dalarn tumbulmn tak

berknyu?

"dw"w

Casuarina tree
Pokok ru

DIAGRAM 6/RAJAH6

Which animal can be

grouped under group Q?

Durian tree
Pokok durian

mcnttcrap minaral

---

Spinach
Baynnt

bernafas

Exoskeleton
Rangka luar

Rangka dalam

16 \A/hich of the following plants

will wilt on hot days, where

gan t nrnbalnn kcpada

Struktur Q iugn tcrdaptt podn

pokok ros

n{.une

@ ;'"**

cttrlh{rdns

73

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Ilmu Bakti Sdn. Bhd. (7.J2516-M) 2012

Science Form 2

P okok i a gu n

met np

r ol

elt

it has no energy to move

is tiada tennga wttuk hergerak

A cell turgidity

C it is unable to breathe on
shore

kesegalnn sel

butress roots

nkar bnnir

C woody tissues
roots

akar cengkam

l$t

qttdbsgne

ntuk

ntcntb antu ny a ber gcrak

19 A whale when washed

to the shore is unable to
swim back to the sea and
will eventually die. This is

O r gnn d nl am

sepenuhnya

ry A proper
dikekalksn

A I and II only
I dan II salnjn
B

Antsrrt bcrikut, tlorrg nnnnkalt

iI dan IV only

ill

akiltot jikn sistt:rrt rnrtgkn rttsak

ntntt tcrgnrtggtt?

i and III only

I don III sahajn

II dnn IV salwjn

Seckor iknn pttus ynng tersadai

di Ttorttni tidnk bolelt herenang

Seorang yntrg lumpulr

and iV only
III dan IV salnja
cttrlhrgrs

tttuuerluknn totrgknt untuk

keniltnli ke laut dnn aklirnya nrnti.

Ini kernna

es

shape is

Bentuk yang sempLtrna

cttdbudnr

A crippled person needs

crutches for support

Qu

an dil in d un gi

skeletal system is damaged

or impaired?

bccause

tiue

III Internal organs are well

protected

maintaincd

20 Which of the following are

the consequences when

Appreciqting the tupport

Jyllem in Living Thingr

S_ub1ec

Seorang wanito tua dengan

osl coporosi s n c n gl mdnY i
mqsnlah untuk bergerak

dan nrcnyokong beratnya

l.$rt

ia tidak boleh hernafns

there is no water buoYancY

to help it to move and to

support its weight
tinda daya kcnpungnn air

tisu berkayu

D clasping

osteoporosis has
problems moving
around

in kclrilartgnn barrynk nir

sokongan daripadn

An old lady with

A it is dehydrated

18 Corn plants obtain their

support from

sokongnn

fions

Instruction: Answer all questions.

Arahan: lav,ab semua soalan.
Bcr i dua conttit tutnbulntt Yang

Balloon

ntct tggunaknn .ienis sistcnt sctkongnn tlartg

sall n selterti yang tlittutitrkknrr dslam Rniah 7.

Belon

String

Water added

Tali

Air ditambah

, String

.,

------#

Water
Air

Balloon

Weight

Belon

Pemberat

DIAGRAM I/P.AJAH

(ii) Which support svstetn is shown in

Diagram 1?

Apaknh sistem sokortgan yaftg diturtjttkknn

dnlnrn Rnjnh

A student used the apparatus set-uP in

Diagrarn 1 to study the support system of a
type of plant.

1?

Seorang pelajar ntenggunaknn susttnfitt radas dnlnrtt

Rajnh 7 tuttuk nrcngkaji sistetn sokongnn scjcnis

tuntbulttttt.

(u)

@ Penerbit

',

(i) Give two examples of plants that

use the same type of supPort sYstem
shown in Diagram 1.
llmu Bakti Sdn. Bhd. (732516-M)

2012

_[_D

1..

Tali

74

(b)

(E

_/
\
[ /1

Draw the cross-section of the stem

of one of the plants named in (a)(i).
Label the structure that gives the type
of support in (a)(ii).

Support and Movement

(iii) Give one difference in terrn of the

support system between the two
animals named in (b)(l).

Ltlkis kcrntan rentas batang salah sntu

daripLttln tumhuhnrt yang dinamakan dalant
(a) (i). Labelkan struktur yang membcri jenis
sokon gan dalam (n)(ii).

Beri satu perbeznan antara dua luiutan yang

dinnmnkan dnlsm (b)(i), dari segi sistent
sokongan.

(c)

State how the other two animals in

Diagram 2, besides the ones in (b)(i),

suPport themselves.
Nyatakan bagaimann dun hniuan ynng lain dnlant
Rajnh 2, selain yang dinsmaknn dalnm (lt)(i),

(ii) Explain how the structure helps the

plants to float in water.

ntemperolel t sokongo n.

lalnsknn ltngaimann struktur irti ntcnfunntu

ttrrttbultorr tcrnpun5i di dalnm air.

(d) Using the appropriate examples, give one

Diagrarn ? shorvs four animals, P, Q, R and

Rnjtilr 2 rrrt:trtrtr.jrrkkntr etnTtnt Iniunn P, Q, Ii dnn S.

similarity and one differcnce bctween

land vertebrates and aquatic rrertebrates.

S.

Dengnn menggunnknn contoh yang saxni, bari

satu persnnraan dan satu lterheznfin (nttarn
zterteltrot darot dengnrt t,ertehrat akuntik.

$z
/^\

Diagram 3(a) shows three plants P, Q ar-rd R.

Diagram 3(b) shows the cross-section of sterns
of the three plants.

Rnjalt 3(n) tncnurtjukknrr tign tuntbulnn P, Q dort R.

Raialr 3(b) mentrnjukkntt kerotan rerttns bntnng urttuk
ti ga

DIAGRAM 2/P,AJAH2
(u) Classify thern

tutrrltulnrt tcrseltu

t.

into vertebrates and

invcrtcblates.
Kt' I n sk n r r

Itai

t,

tt

r r

-h

itp

ke p

d a i:

r t cb r n

t dnn

irtrartL'brnt.

(b)

(i) Which two of the animals have the

salne support system?

DIAGRAM 3(o)/RAJAH 3(o)

Dua lrniruat tlnrtg rnnrtnkah ntern1tunyai sistent

strkolrgarr ytttt

sortt a?

@@@

(ii) Narne the support system.

Nnnrokutt slsfcrtl sokongan itu.

XYZ

DIA6RAM 3(b)/RAJAH

75

3(b)

A l)cnerbir llnttt Bakti Sdn. Blil. (732516-/tI) 2012

Science Form 2

(a) Match the plants to its respective

two characteristics of any four of the

aniimals shown in Diagram 4.

(u) Sta te

cross-

section of the stern.

Padanknn tumbulnn itu dengan keratan rentas
batan

ciri qang terdapat pada tlanQ-mano

yang ditunjukkan dalnm Rajah 4.
pathaizuan
eml
Nur
1'{ya takan dua

g masing-ntasin g.

(i) P:

(ii)

Q:

(iii)

R:

1.

-D

2[/

K,L, M, N and O
into two grouPs based on their common
support systems. State the animals of each

(b) Classify animals

(b)

Based on the answer in (a), state how

plants P, Q and R obtain their support.

grouP.

Berdasarkan jawapan dalam (a), nyataktn

hagaimana tumbulnn P, Q dan R memperole'lt
sokongnn.

(.)

(i)

P:

(ii)

Q:

(iii)

R:

J,

Kelaskan luiwan I, K, L, M, N dan O kepada dua

kumpulan mengikut sistem sokongan seputTya.
Nyatakan haiwan dalam setiap kuntpulan.

I,K,L,MNandO
I,K,L,M,NdanO

Name one structure found in plant Q that

also helps io support it.

Common
support
system

Nantakon satu struktur yang tertlaqtnt ltada

tuntbuhsn Q yang jugn ruunbnnttt rnenyokongnyn.

Sistent
sokongan
sepLtfiya

(d) Give two support structures found

in

non-woody plants.
Beri dua stnrktur soktmgnn rlnng tcrdaytat pnda

Letters of
the animals
Huruf lnizt'an

tunthunn tak hcrkarlu.

1.

(-l

Diagrarn 4 shows six animals,l, K, L, M, N

and O.
Rnjalt 4 tnenunjukknt't enonl lmiiunn, I, K, L, M, N dan
o.

ffiwd
J

M
N

DIAGRAM 4/P.eteu

@ Pcnerbit

llmu Bakti Sdn. Bhd. (7i2516'7,75

21112

76

SUPPORT AND MOVEMENT

Zone

Support systems in animals:

Sistem sokongan

pado haiwan:

p9.76'

Zone

Support system

Examples

Sistem sokongon

Contoh

pg.68

Clasping roots
Akor cengkom

Exoskeleton
Rongko

luar

ln grasshoppers,
cockroaches, prawns.
Pado belolang, lipas, udong

Endoskeleton
Rongko dolam

ln mammals, birds, fish,

reptiles, amphibians.
Poda momalio, burung, ikon,
reptilia, omfibia.

Hydrostatlc skeleton
Rangko hldrostotik

n earthworms, starf ish,

caterpillar.
I

Poda cocing tanoh, tapak

suloiman, beluncas.

An outer skeleton which

is made of hard materials
(such as chitin).
Rangka luor yong diperbuat
daripodo bohan yong keros

$epertikitin).

ln orchids, money plant

Poda orkid, pokok duit-duit

Tendrils
Sulur pout

ln cucumber, pumpkin

An internal skeleton
which is made of bones
and cartilages

Thorns/prickles

Rangka dalam yang

Duri

Podo timun, lobu

Prikel

ln roses, bougainvillea

dan rawon.

Podo ros, bunga keftas

Fluid (mainly liquid)

which supports and

Air

sacs
Pundl udara

maintains body shape

and turgidity.

ln brown alga

Bendolir (kebanyaka nnyo

Pado alga perang

cecoir) yong menyokong don

mengekolka n bentuk badon

Stilt roots

dan ketegaron.

Akar jongkang

Aquatic vertebrates (such as whales) gain support

ln mangrove tree

from buoyancy.
Vertebrota akuatik (seperti ikon paus)

Podo pokok bakau

sokongan daripado keopungan.

Support systems in plants:

Sistem sokongan pada tumbuhon:

'' j: Suppo* r$iepi.r.{r:t

- ' ",, Slstemp*ongan..i'fi,a:;)
Buttress roots
Akor bonir

ln flame of the forest, rain tree

hujon

Physically disabled persons, aged people, injured

persons use various ambulatory aids for additional

support.
Qrang yang cacot fizikal, orang tuo don orang yang
tercedero menggunakon alat bantu ialon untuk sokongon
tambohan.

Examples of ambulatory aids are:

(a) Cane / Tongkat rotan

(b) Crutches I Tongkot ketiok
(c) Walking frame / Rangka jolan

Beached and stranded whales will die because

their internal organs will be crushed by their own
weight.

Prop roots
Akor sokong

ln banyan trees, maize

Poda pokok ara,

memperoleh

Contoh alat bontu jalon adalah:

Poda pokok semorak opi, pokok

jagung

lkan pous yang terdampar di pantai akan moti kerano

orgon dolamonnya okan dihancurkon oleh berat badonnya
sendiri.

terbentuk doripoda tula ng

EXAMINATION PRACTICE E

W
r
_a-

"

I shows the physical

appearance of an insect.

Diagram
I

Balloon
Beion

nunj ttkkan r up a b entLtk

fizikal seekor seranggt.
Raj ah

Support Systems in Animals

me

a----=\/7
I

wur.t#
Air

\iVhich of the foliowing

Diagram

statements about
endoskeleton is correct?
Antara pertryataan berikttt, yang
manakah betul tentattg rangka

r//hat is animalX?

Diagram I
Rajah

endoskeleton

\iVhich is the suppoft system

for the insect?

Semua inuertebrata
memp unyai rangka dalarn

serangga ini?

invertebrates have

Yang manakcLh sistem sokongan

Endoskeleton consists of
strong muscles

Rangka dalam

berat badan ikan paus

Elephants have a larger

endoskeleton than whales

Gajah mempunyai rangka

dalam yang lebih

besar

Sea cucumber

Exoskeleton
Rangka luar
Endoskeleton

D
6

\Mhat do whaies use to support

ikan paus untuk menyokong berat

ba.dannya dalam air?

;;il;il; t-;;;r
keras yang'

Strong muscies and fins

Otot dan sirip yang kuat

Largebackbone
Very thick fatty tissues

The buoyancy of water

Tulang belakang yang besar

"

The following information

paus

shows animals which have a

common support system.
Maklumat berikttt menunjukkan

A An elephant is heavier
a

whale

Gajah adalah lebih berat

daripada ikan paus

An elephant has

more

muscles than a whale

Gajah mempunyai

lebih

banyak otot daripada ikan

paus

A whale does not use its

endoskeleton to suppofi
its bodyweight
Ikan paus tidak
menggunakan rangka dalam
untuk menyokong berat
badannya

A whale is a fish and an

elephant is a mammal
Ikan paus ialah ikan dan

Keapungan air

7 Diagram 3 shows the

.ffi classification of support

haiwan yang mempunyai sistem

gajah?

than

Tisu lemak yang sangat tebal

sokongan yang serLtpa.

systems in land animals.

Starfish
Lapak sukumnn
Sea

Termite
Anai-atni

their body weight in water?

Apakah yang digunakan oleh

Hydrostatic skeleton

{ material covering its soft body.

, fi. Arbhng disokong oleh bahan
"1 menutupibadannyoyang lembut.

Kala jengking

Large wings

i'-, ,i;;;;;;;;;;

1.

CamaL

Rangka hidrostatik

lkan bidadari

C Scorpion

Sayap yang besar

daripada rangka dalam pada

Angel fish

daripada rangka dalam ikan

\tVhy is the endoskeleton of a

whale smaller and weaker than
that of an elephant?
Mengapakah rangka dalam pada
ikan paus lebih kecil dan lemah

Rangka dalam

elariparla otor-otot yang kuat

Endoskeleton supports
the body weight of a
whale
Rangka dalam menyokong

rerdiri

Apakah haiwanX?

dalctm?

A All

Rajah2

urchin

Landak laut

',
I

Rajah 3 menunjukkan pengelasan

sistem sokongan pada haiwan

daratan.

Earthworm

Support system in land animals

Cncing tanah

Sistem sokongan dalam haiwan

\A4eich is the support system?

Yang manakah sistem sokongan

ittt?

Small bones

Cartilages

Tulang kecil
Rawan

Chitin

Body fluid

Kitin

Bendalir badan

Diagram 2 shows a model of a

support system in animal X.
Rajah 2 menunjukkan model
sistem sokongan haiwanX.

daratan

Vertebrates

Invertebrates

Vertebrata

Inuertebrata

Internal
frame

External
frame

Rangka dalarn

Rangka luar
Diagram 3
Rajah3

\.Vhich of the following animals

belongs to group X?

Antara haiwan berikut, yang

manakah tergolong dalam
kumpulanX?

[i!l ::nap*er $ SuPPort And Movement

c

a.

i.K5'qD

.\.

g!\/

N6

Y"IAt'
\
1\-!
{
.:"L.-

Crocodiie

c.

T:

A
|'

ur. loov nuia to

tn.i,body.
Hoi*o, dalom kumpulan

Hydiostatic
skeieton

Iumba

Rangka

menttniukkan keratan

rentas batang tumbuhan.

Pith
Empulur

hidrostatik

,rPP*l
C

menggunakan

bendali badan untuk menyokong badannyo.

Earthworm

Endoskeleton

Cacing tanah

Rangfutdalam

Crab

Exoskeleton
Rangkaluar

Ketam

Diagram 4 shows an apparatus

set-up to study the suPPort
system of aquatic animals.
Rajah 4 menuniukkan susunan

radas unntk mengkaii

Rajah

lkan lumba-

Doiphin

Diagram 6 shows the crosssection of the stem of a Plant.

Exoskeleton
Rangkaluar

Buaya

Rnimals in g,ou; x

tl

. Animal
:,,Ibiwan.,.

Diagram 6
Raiah6

Which of the following is the

f-rn" r"r"u"* Ttt" ..a"tr,.r",; oril;

yj !:
t
f,
;.'t
t,

sistem

sokongan pada haiwan akuatik.

invertebrates have either an exoskeleton

plant?

Antara yang berikut,

vertebroto mempunyai rangka

Yang

manakah tumbuhan ini?

hydrostatic skeleton.
dolom.

Hydrilla

Hydrilla
Lotus plant

Balsam

lnvertebrata mempunyai soma ado rongka luar

ataurangkahidtostatik

Teratai

{92-isupport Systems in Ptants

Spring balance

Keembung

Neraca sprittg

l0

Object X
Objekx

Water

Diagram 5 shows an apparatus

set-up.
Rajah 5 menuniukkan susunan

Pokok durian

12 Diagram 7 shows the crossPUi section of the stem of a Plant.

radas.

Air

i,0!94

Water

Air

Diagram 4

Durian tree

Rajah

menuniukkan keratan

rentas batang tumbuhan.

Elodea

Rajah4

EIodea

With water
Dengan air

Which statement is correct?

Pernyataan manakah yang betul?
X is denser than water
X lebih tumpat daripada air
X is less dense than water
X kurang tump at dar ip ada ai r

Air space
Ruang udara

C The weight of X

Without water
TanPa air

is

disokong

The mass of X reduces in

water
JisimX berkurang dalam air

Ke s imp

''"ty

I i water

^! r

!W:*i#\l!.:...
'b.

{.iil;iy'

Quest ion 10 - Making inferences

d e a k ehtl an

gan ai r m e lal

Elodea needs water

sebagai

dan sistem sokongannya?

as

sis terrt

sokongan

Elodea has a woody stem

Elodea mempunyai batang

t, Y an

manakah

betul tentang tumbuhan ini?

Elodea loses water

Elodea memerlukan air

manakah betul tentang haiwan

An t ara y an gb e riku

b e tul?

support system

Which of the following pairs is

correct about the animal and
-f!Is
lo!91.
'-- its
support system?
Antam pasangan berikut, Yang

anakah

resptrast

Bocaon podo neroco spring menjodi lebih kecil,

opabila objekX direndam sepenuhnya dolam oir.'.
.................1
i.. ...

y an

through respiration

smaller when object X is fully immersed in the

ulan

is

correct about the plant?

Which conclusion is correct?

EI

The reading on the spring balance becomes

Which of the following

RaiahS

oleh

keapungan

RaiahT

Diagram 5

supported by buoyancy

Berat

Diagram 7

It grows in the water

Tuntbuh dalam air
It floats on the water
Terapung di atas air
It has buttress roots
Mempunyai akar banir

D Its stem twines around

other trees
melilit
Batangrya
mengelilingi pokok lain

berkayu

Elodea uses prop roots to

support itself
Elodea menggunakan akar

sokong untuk menyokottg

dirinya

'
Air spaces contain air which makes the plants
ir -el
l; less dense thanwater.
udaro Yang
mengandungi udaro
udara mengandunq
Buonq udaru
i Buang
t \ p membuatkan tumbuhon kurang tumpat

I
l3 Diagram 8 shows the support
structure of
Rajah,

l5 Diagram

plant.

B menunjukkan stntktur

sokongan pada tumbuhan.

10 shows two types

P and Q.

of

\.\4:rat is the

this plant?

Rajah I0 menttnjukkan dua jenis

tumbuhan darat,P danQ.

Apakah sistem sokongan bagi

P-,.-;

,,

pokok ini?

=rb.ra\i%'
d'g\\
'u \K

${',l$
vvt

--_

10

Rajahl0

\.{/har is
structure

has this feature?

manakah mempunyai ciri ini?

Bougainvillea
Bunga kertas

Water

Telipuk

Prop roots

Paddyplants

iffi'
L7

Akar cengkam

Diagram 9 shows the support

system of a plant.
Rajah 9 menunjukkan sistem

Buttress

Prop roots

roots

Akar sokong

System in Living 0rganisms

\iVhy a beached whale may not

be able to survive?

ikan palts yang

terdampar tidak dapat hidup?

Akar banir

lPPt".iating the SuPPort

Mengapakah

A It cannot breathe in the

sokongan pad a t umbuha n,

Rajah menunjukkon pokok ara.

Clasping
roots

Akar sokong

The diagram shows a banyantree

Pokok padi
L4

suppofiing

Panda

lily

Prickles

air

Stilt roots
Akar

Duri

Ikan paus tidak dapat

jangkang

i
Diagram
Rajah9

berikut,

manakah tumbuhanini?
A Guava

yang

P is a cucumber plant and Q is the screwptne

P

-.. ...-.

Mangrove tree

Rajah

.........

.-..

-.,.

,.1

i
:
i

akan
organ

dalamannya

Its skin becomes very dry

and peels off
Kulitnya akan menjadi sangat

*- Rajah I1

menunjukkan sejenis

kering dan terkupas

Its body temperature rises

Suhu badannya meningkat

pokok.
.

-.

I'

:$

A beached whale is a whale that is stranded on

the shore,

-^ tkon pou, yong terdampar ialoh ikon paus yang

@rkandosdipersistrcnpontoi.

Diagram 11

Rajahll

ffisupport systems in Animats

I Diagram 1 shows the pictures of four aquatic
S.

menunjukkan gambar empat haiwan akuatik,

P, Q, R dan S.

Diagram 11 shows a type of

fSB
nlant.
arJto:3 r

Pokok bakau

animals, P, Q, R and

..

f6

Peria

ialoh pokoktimundanQialoh pokok pondan.

Bitter gourd
Papaya
Betik

Beratnya
menghancurkan

Jambu

internal organs

Antara yang

Prop roots
Akar sokong

plant.

r l.
I I . *.,....-..-...--...-..-.

Which of the following is the

plant?

Tendrils
Sulur paut

bernafas dalam udara

B Its weight will crush its

r**--

. ?'
i
, t,9,

Prop roots
Akar sokong

respectively?
Apakah struktur sokongan bagi
danQ masing-masing?

Maize plant
Pokok jagung

the
for

Buttress root
Akar bartir

-:<

\Atrich of the following plants

Tendrils
Sttlur paut
Hollolv stem
Batang berongga

=BF:
Diagram

lil

Antara tumbuhan berikut, yang

support system for

iand plants,

/.\

K2

Diagram
Rajahl

,.j

eK
/ \

r<w*=)) ffiflt\
v,iw)ll$\!
a

[i!f *n=pter I

support And Movement

(a) Name the types of skeletal system that

(a)

support the following animals.

Namakan jenis sistem rangka yang menyokong

aiwan - haiwan yang b erikut.

Observe t he animals P, Q, R, S and T in

Diagram 2. Based on your observation, state
the characteristic of the support system for
any four of the animals.
Perhatikan haiwan-haiwan P, Q, R' S dan T dalam
Rajah 2. Berdasarkan pemerhatian anda, nyatakan

(i) P:
(iil Q:

ciri

sistem sokongan bagi mana-mana empat

haiwan.

12 marks I markall
the support
between
one
similarity
b) State

system of animal R and anima-l

S.

Nyatakan satu persamaan Qntara ststem sokongan

pada haiwan R dan haiwan S.

R
S

lI
(c)

mark / markald

State one difference between the support

system of animal P and animal Q.

14

(b)

Nyatakan satu perbezaan antara sistem sokongan

pada haituan P dan haiwan Q.

marks I markahl

Name and classify animals P, Q, R, S and T

according to their common support systems.
Namakan dan kelaskan haiwan P, Q, R' S dan T
berdasarkan sistem sokongan sepwtya.

P,Q,R,SandT
P, Q, R, S

II

mark / markali

animal P have smaller pelvic and

pectoral girdle compared to the land animals
which have the same body mass?
Mengapakah haiwan P mempunyai tulang
peluis dan lengkungan pektoral yang lebih
kecil berbanding dengan haiwan daratan yang
mempunyai jisim badan yang sama?

(d) \,Vhy does

danT

Common
support system
Sistem sokongan

sepunya

Name of animals
Namahaiwan
[4 marks I markah]

Diagram 3.1 shows activity

A and

activity

conducted by a student to compare the weight of

object K in the water and out of the water.

II
;r.

Rajah 3.1 menunjukkan aktiuiti A dart aktiuiti B yang

dijalankan oleh seorang pelajar ttntuk membandingkan
berat objekK di dalam dan di luar air'

mark / markah]

Pelvic is the fin on the lower middle of the fish, while

i i the pectoral girdle is the front side fin of the fish.

i Tulang petvis iatah siip di bahagion tengah bowah ikon,
lengkungon pektoral ialoh sirip sisi hadapan
f;
lii i manakalo
ikon.
I

Spring balance

Neraca spring

I
I

Diagram 2 shows pictures of five animals, P, Q,

R,

Object K

and T.
Rajah2 menunjukkan gambar lima haiwan, P, Q, R, S
S

ObjekK

danT.

oru KTffiMRS

Diagram 2
RajahZ

Diagram 3.1
Rajah3.I
(a)

State the variables

Diagram 3.I.

in activities A and B in

Nyatakan pemboleh ubah dalam aktiuiti A dan

dalam Rajah3.l.

ffihapl;er 8

SupportAnd Movement

lfi

Constant variables
Petnboleh ubahyang

d.imalarkan

II
,,, ,
variable ::. . r,.

Responding

':

Pembalchubihyang

Diagram 4 shows four pictures of support systems

in plants L K, L and M.
Rajah 4 menunjukkan empat gambar sistem sokongan
pada tumbuhan L K, L dan M.

berger4khalas
13

(b)

mark I markah]

marks I markah)

Table 3.2 shows the readings of spring baiance

in activityA and activity B.

Jadual 3.2 menttnjukkan bacaan pada

neraca

spring dalam aktiuiti A dan aktiuitiB.

AstivityA
Aktiriti^'

ActivityB
'AktivitiB'

0.85 N

0.45 N

1l+

Table 3.2
Iadual3.2

Based on Table 3.2, state one inference of the

observation of the activities.

Berdasarkan Jadual 3.2, nyatakan satu inferens
bagi pemerhatian aktiuiti-aktiuiti ini.

Diagram 4
Rajah4
(a)

l
(c)

mark Imarkahl

On Diagram 4, label the support systems for

plants L K, L and M using the words below:
Pada Rajah 4, Iabelkan sistem sokongan pada
tumbuhan L K, L dan M menggunakan perkataanperkataan di bawah:

How do whales support their iarge body mass

in water?
Bagaimanakah ikan paus menyokong jisim

Buttress roots
Akarbanir
Stilt roots
Akarjangkang

badannya yang besar dalam air?

Clasping roots
Akarcengkam

Tendrils
Sulurpaut
[4 marks

lL mark / markah)

(d)

b)

(i) Explain what would happen to

markah)

Name one piant that has the similar support

system as plant M.
Namakan satu tumbuhan yang mempunyai sistem

beached whales if they are not rescued

immediately.
Terangkan apakah yang akan berlaku
kepada ikan patts yang terdampar
diselamatkan dengan segera.

sokongan yang serupa dengan tumbuhanM.

jika tidak

lI

(c)

mark / markah)

State one advantage of the support system

in

plant K.
Nyatakan satu kelebihan sistem sokongan pada

II

mark / markah)

tumbuhanK.

(ii) Give one reason for the answer in

4(d) (i).
Beri satu sebab bagi jaLuapan di 4(d)(i).

,1

II mark / markah]