Ulaby Tables

Fundamentals of Applied Electromagnetics 6e
by
Fawwaz T. Ulaby, Eric Michielssen, and Umberto Ravaioli
Tables
Fawwaz T. Ulaby, Eric Michielssen, and Umberto Ravaioli, Fundamentals of Applied Electromagnetics
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Chapters
Chapter 1 Introduction: Waves and Phasors
Chapter 2 Transmission Lines
Chapter 3 Vector Analysis
Chapter 4 Electrostatics
Chapter 5 Magnetostatics
Chapter 6 Maxwells Equations for Time-Varying Fields
Chapter 7 Plane-Wave Propagation
Chapter 8 Wave Reflection and Transmission
Chapter 9 Radiation and Antennas
Chapter 10 Satellite Communication Systems and Radar Sensors
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Chapter 1 Tables
Table 1-1 Fundamental SI units.
Table 1-2 Multiple and submultiple prefixes.
Table 1-3 The three branches of electromagnetics.
Table 1-4 Constitutive parameters of materials.
Table 1-5 Time-domain sinusoidal functions z(t) and their cosine-reference phasor-domain
e where z(t) = Re[Ze
e jt ].
counterparts Z,
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Table 1-1: Fundamental SI units.

Dimension
Unit
Length
Mass
Time
Electric Current
Temperature
Amount of substance
meter
kilogram
second
ampere
kelvin
mole
Symbol
m
kg
s
A
K
mol
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Table 1-2: Multiple and submultiple prefixes.

Prefix
Symbol
Magnitude
exa
peta
tera
giga
mega
kilo
E
P
T
G
M
k
1018
1015
1012
109
106
103
milli
micro
nano
pico
femto
atto
n
p
f
a
103
106
109
1012
1015
1018
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Table 1-3: The three branches of electromagnetics.

Branch
Condition
Field Quantities (Units)
Electrostatics
Stationary charges
( q/t = 0)
Electric field intensity E (V/m)

Electric flux density D (C/m2 )
D = E
Magnetostatics
Steady currents
( I/t = 0)
Magnetic flux density B (T)

Magnetic field intensity H (A/m)
B = H
Dynamics
(Time-varying fields)
Time-varying currents
( I/t 6= 0)
E, D, B, and H
(E, D) coupled to (B, H)
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Table 1-4: Constitutive parameters of materials.

Parameter
Units
Free-space Value
Electrical permittivity
F/m
0 = 8.854 1012 (F/m)

1
'
109 (F/m)
36
Magnetic permeability
H/m
0 = 4 107 (H/m)
Conductivity
S/m
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e where z(t) = Re[Ze

e jt ].
Table 1-5: Time-domain sinusoidal functions z(t) and their cosine-reference phasor-domain counterparts Z,
z(t)
Ze
A cos t
A cos(t + 0 )
A cos(t + x + 0 )
Aex cos(t + x + 0 )
A sin t
A sin(t + 0 )
A
Ae j0
Ae j( x+0 )
Aex e j( x+0 )
Ae j/2
Ae j(0 /2)
d
(z(t))
dt
j Ze
d
[A cos(t + 0 )]
dt
jAe j0
z(t) dt
1 e
Z
j
A sin(t + 0 ) dt
1
Ae j(0 /2)
j
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Chapter 2 Tables
Table 2-1 Transmission-line parameters R0 , L0 , G0 , and C 0 for three types of lines.
Table 2-2 Characteristic parameters of transmission lines.
Table 2-3 Magnitude and phase of the reflection coefficient for various types of loads.
Table 2-4 Properties of standing waves on a lossless transmission line.
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Table 2-1: Transmission-line parameters R0 , L0 , G0 , and C 0 for three types of lines.

Parameter
R0
Rs
2
Coaxial

1 1
+
a b
Two-Wire
2Rs
d
Parallel-Plate
2Rs
w
Unit
/m
L0
ln(b/a)
2

q
2
ln (D/d) + (D/d) 1
h
w
H/m
G0
2
ln(b/a)
h
i
p
ln (D/d) + (D/d)2 1
w
h
S/m
C0
2
ln(b/a)
h
i
p
ln (D/d) + (D/d)2 1
w
h
F/m
Notes: (1) Refer to Fig. ?? for definitions of dimensions.

p (2) , , and pertain to the
insulating material between the conductors. (3) Rs = p
f c /c . (4) c and c pertain

to the conductors. (5) If (D/d)2 1, then ln (D/d) + (D/d)2 1 ' ln(2D/d).
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Table 2-2: Characteristic parameters of transmission lines.
Propagation
Constant
= + j
General case
Lossless
(R0 = G0 = 0)
Lossless coaxial
Lossless
two-wire
Lossless
parallel-plate
(R0 + jL0 )(G0 + jC 0 )
Phase
Velocity
up
Characteristic
Impedance
Z0
s
(R0 + jL0 )
(G0 + jC 0 )
L0 /C 0
up = /
Z0 =
= 0, = r /c
up = c/ r
Z0 =
= 0, = r /c
up = c/ r
Z0 = (60/ r ) ln(b/a)
= 0, = r /c
up = c/ r
Z0 = (120/ r ) p
ln[(D/d) + (D/d)2 1]
Z0 ' (120/ r ) ln(2D/d),

if D d
= 0, = r /c
up = c/ r
Z0 = (120/ r ) (h/w)
Notes: (1) = 0 , = r 0 , c = 1/ 0 0 , and 0 /0 ' (120) , where r is the relative permittivity

of insulating material. (2) For coaxial line, a and b are radii of inner and outer conductors. (3) For
two-wire line, d = wire diameter and D = separation between wire centers. (4) For parallel-plate line,
w = width of plate and h = separation between the plates.
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Table 2-3: Magnitude and phase of the reflection coefficient for various types of loads. In general, zL = ZL /Z0 = (R + jX)/Z0 = r + jx,
where r = R/Z0 and x = X/Z0 are the real and imaginary parts of the normalized load impedance zL , respectively.
Reflection Coefficient = ||e jr

||
Load

ZL = (r + jx)Z0
1/2
(r 1)2 + x2
(r + 1)2 + x2
r
tan1
x
tan1
r1
x
r+1
0 (no reflection)
irrelevant
(short)
180 (phase opposition)
(open)
0 (in-phase)
jX = jL
180 2 tan1 x
j
C
180 + 2 tan1 x
jX =
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Table 2-4: Properties of standing waves on a lossless transmission line.

Voltage maximum
Voltage minimum
Positions of voltage maxima (also
positions of current minima)
Position of first maximum (also
position of first current minimum)
Positions of voltage minima (also

positions of current maxima)
Position of first minimum (also
position of first current maximum)
Input impedance
Positions at which Zin is real
Zin at voltage maxima
Zin at voltage minima
|Ve |max = |V0+ |[1 + ||]

|Ve |min = |V + |[1 ||]
0
r n
+
, n = 0, 1, 2, . . .
4
2
r ,
if 0 r
4
dmax =
r + , if 0
r
4
2
dmax =
r (2n + 1)
+
, n = 0, 1, 2, . . .
4
4

r
dmin =
1+
4

zL + j tan l
1 + l
Zin = Z0
= Z0
1 + jzL tan l
1 l
dmin =
at voltage maxima and minima

1 + ||
Zin = Z0
1 ||

1 ||
Zin = Z0
1 + ||
Zin of short-circuited line
sc = jZ tan l
Zin
0
Zin of open-circuited line
oc = jZ cot l
Zin
0
Zin of line of length l = n /2
Zin = ZL ,
Zin of line of length l = /4 + n /2
Zin = Z02 /ZL ,
Zin of matched line
Zin = Z0
n = 0, 1, 2, . . .
n = 0, 1, 2, . . .
|V0+ | = amplitude of incident wave; = ||e jr with < r < ; r in radians; l = e j2 l .
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Chapter 3 Tables
Table 3-1 Summary of vector relations.
Table 3-2 Coordinate transformation relations.
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Table 3-1: Summary of vector relations.

Cartesian
Coordinates
x, y, z
Coordinate variables
Vector representation A =
Magnitude of A
Position vector
|A| =
OP1 =
Base vectors properties
Dot product
AB =
Cross product
B =
A
Cylindrical
Coordinates
r, , z
rAr + A + z Az
q
+ A2 + A2 + A2
r
z
Spherical
Coordinates
R, ,
RAR + A + A
q
+ A2 + A2 + A2
R
x x = y y = z z = 1
x y = y z = z x = 0
x y = z
y z = x
z x = y
r r1 + z z1 ,
for P(r1 , 1 , z1 )
r r = = z z = 1
r = z = z r = 0
r = z
z = r
z r =
1,
RR
for P(R1 , 1 , 1 )
R
= = = 1
R
= = R
=0
R
R =
= R
R
=
Ax Bx + Ay By + Az Bz

x
y
z

Ax Ay Az

Bx By Bz
Ar Br + A B + Az Bz

r
z

Ar A Az

Br B Bz
AR BR + A B + A B

R

AR A A

BR B B
x dx + y dy + z dz
dR + R d + R sin d
R
2 sin d d
dsR = RR
ds = R sin dR d
ds = R dR d
R2 sin dR d d
x Ax + y Ay + z Az
q
+
A2x + A2y + A2z
x x1 + y y1 + z z1 ,
for P(x1 , y1 , z1 )
Differential surface areas
dsx = x dy dz
dsy = y dx dz
dsz = z dx dy
r dr + r d + z dz
dsr = r r d dz
ds = dr dz
dsz = z r dr d
Differential volume d v =
dx dy dz
r dr d dz
Differential length
dl =
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Table 3-2: Coordinate transformation relations.

Transformation
Cartesian to
cylindrical
Cylindrical to
Cartesian
Cartesian to
spherical
Coordinate Variables
p
r = + x2 + y2
= tan1 (y/x)
z=z
Ar = Ax cos + Ay sin
A = Ax sin + Ay cos
Az = Az
z = R cos
R = + r 2 + z2
= tan1 (r/z)
=
r = R sin
=
z = R cos
sin + cos
r = R
=
cos sin
z = R
Ar = AR sin + A cos
A = A
Az = AR cos A sin
x = r cos
y = r sin
z=z
p
R = + x2 + y2 + z2
= tan1 (y/x)
x = R sin cos
y = R sin sin
Cylindrical to
spherical
Spherical to
cylindrical
Vector Components
r = x cos + y sin
= x sin + y cos
z = z
x = r cos sin
y = r sin + cos
z = z
= x sin cos
R
+ y sin sin + z cos
= x cos cos
+ y cos sin z sin
= x sin + y cos
sin cos
x = R
+ cos cos sin
y = R sin sin
+ cos sin + cos
cos sin
z = R
= r sin + z cos
R
= r cos z sin
=
p
= tan1 [ + x2 + y2 /z]
Spherical to
Cartesian
Unit Vectors
Ax = Ar cos A sin
Ay = Ar sin + A cos
Az = Az
AR = Ax sin cos
+ Ay sin sin + Az cos
A = Ax cos cos
+ Ay cos sin Az sin
A = Ax sin + Ay cos
Ax = AR sin cos
+ A cos cos A sin
Ay = AR sin sin
+ A cos sin + A cos
Az = AR cos A sin
AR = Ar sin + Az cos
A = Ar cos Az sin
A = A
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Chapter 4 Tables
Table 4-1 Conductivity of some common materials at 20 C.
Table 4-2 Relative permittivity (dielectric constant) and dielectric strength of common
materials.
Table 4-3 Boundary conditions for the electric fields.
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Table 4-1: Conductivity of some common materials at 20 C.

Material
Conductors
Silver
Copper
Gold
Aluminum
Iron
Mercury
Carbon
Semiconductors
Pure germanium
Pure silicon
Insulators
Glass
Paraffin
Mica
Fused quartz
Conductivity, (S/m)
6.2 107
5.8 107
4.1 107
3.5 107
107
106
3 104
2.2
4.4 104
1012
1015
1015
1017
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Table 4-2: Relative permittivity (dielectric constant) and dielectric strength of common materials.
Material
Air (at sea level)
Petroleum oil
Polystyrene
Glass
Quartz
Bakelite
Mica
Relative Permittivity, r
Dielectric Strength, Eds (MV/m)
1.0006
2.1
2.6
4.510
3.85
5
5.46
3
12
20
2540
30
20
200
= r 0 and 0 = 8.854 1012 F/m.
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Table 4-3: Boundary conditions for the electric fields.

Field Component
Any Two Media
Medium 1
Dielectric 1
Medium 2
Conductor
Tangential E
E1t = E2t
E1t = E2t = 0
Tangential D
D1t /1 = D2t /2
D1t = D2t = 0
Normal E
1 E1n 2 E2n = s
E1n = s /1
E2n = 0
Normal D
D1n D2n = s
D1n = s
D2n = 0
Notes: (1) s is the surface charge density at the boundary; (2) normal
components of E1 , D1 , E2 , and D2 are along n 2 , the outward normal unit vector
of medium 2.
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Chapter 5 Tables
Table 5-1 Attributes of electrostatics and magnetostatics.
Table 5-2 Properties of magnetic materials.
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Table 5-1: Attributes of electrostatics and magnetostatics.

Attribute
Electrostatics
Magnetostatics
Sources
Stationary charges v
Steady currents J
Fields and Fluxes
E and D
H and B
Constitutive parameter(s)
and
D = v
Z E = 0
D ds = Q
B = 0
Z H = J
Governing equations
Differential form
Integral form
Potential
B ds = 0
E dl = 0
H dl = I
Scalar V , with
E = V
Vector A, with
A
B =
we = 12 E 2
wm = 12 H 2
Force on charge q
Fe = qE
B
Fm = qu
Circuit element(s)
C and R
Energy density
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Table 5-2: Properties of magnetic materials.

Diamagnetism
Paramagnetism
Ferromagnetism
No
Yes, but weak
Yes, and strong
Electron orbital
magnetic moment
Electron spin
magnetic moment
Magnetized
domains
Opposite
Same
Hysteresis
[see Fig. ??]
Common substances
Bismuth, copper, diamond,

gold, lead, mercury, silver,
silicon
Aluminum, calcium,
chromium, magnesium,
niobium, platinum,
tungsten
Iron,
nickel,
cobalt
Typical value of m
Typical value of r
105
1
105
1
|m | 1 and hysteretic
|r | 1 and hysteretic
Permanent magnetic
dipole moment
Primary magnetization
mechanism
Direction of induced
magnetic field
(relative to external field)
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Chapter 6 Tables
Table 6-1 Maxwells equations.
Table 6-2 Boundary conditions for the electric and magnetic fields.
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Table 6-1: Maxwells equations.

Reference
Gausss law
Faradays law
No magnetic charges
Differential Form
Integral Form
Z
D = v
E =
For
(6.1)
B
t
E dl =
B = 0
B
ds
t
B ds = 0
(6.2)
(6.3)
(Gausss law for magnetism)

Amp`eres law
D ds = Q
H = J+
D
t
H dl =
Z
J+
D
t
ds
(6.4)
a stationary surface S.
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Table 6-2: Boundary conditions for the electric and magnetic fields.
Field Components
General Form
Medium 1
Dielectric
Medium 2
Dielectric
Medium 1
Dielectric
Medium 2
Conductor
n 2 (E1 E2 ) = 0
Tangential E
E1t = E2t
E1t = E2t = 0
Normal D
n 2 (D1 D2 ) = s
D1n D2n = s
D1n = s
D2n = 0
Tangential H
H1t = H2t
H1t = Js
H2t = 0
n 2 (H1 H2 ) = Js
Normal B
n 2 (B1 B2 ) = 0
B1n = B2n
B1n = B2n = 0
Notes: (1) s is the surface charge density at the boundary; (2) Js is the surface current density at the boundary;
(3) normal components of all fields are along n 2 , the outward unit vector of medium 2; (4) E1t = E2t implies that
the tangential components are equal in magnitude and parallel in direction; (5) direction of Js is orthogonal to
(H1 H2 ).
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Chapter 7 Tables
Table 7-1 Expressions for , , c , up , and for various types of media.
Table 7-2 Power ratios in natural numbers and in decibels.
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Table 7-1: Expressions for , , c , up , and for various types of media.
Any Medium
Lossless
Medium
( = 0)
s
1/2
00 2
0
1+
1
2
0
s
1/2
00 2
0
1+
+ 1
2
0
Low-loss
Medium
( 00 / 0 1)
Good
Conductor
( 00 / 0 1)
Units
(Np/m)
(rad/m)

00 1/2
1 j 0
c =
(1 + j)
()
up =
/
1/
1/
4 f /
(m/s)
=
2/ = up / f
up / f
up / f
up / f
(m)
0
00
Notes: = ; = /; in free space, = 0 , = 0 ; in practice, a material is considered a
low-loss medium if 00 / 0 = / < 0.01 and a good conducting medium if 00 / 0 > 100.
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Table 7-2: Power ratios in natural numbers and in decibels.

G
10x
4
2
1
0.5
0.25
0.1
103
G [dB]
10x dB
6 dB
3 dB
0 dB
3 dB
6 dB
10 dB
30 dB
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Chapter 8 Tables
Table 8-1 Analogy between plane-wave equations for normal incidence and transmission-line
equations, both under lossless conditions.
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Table 8-1: Analogy between plane-wave equations for normal incidence and transmission-line equations, both under lossless conditions.
Plane Wave [Fig. ??(a)]
e 1 (z) = x E i (e jk1 z + e jk1 z )
E
0
i
e 1 (z) = y E0 (e jk1 z e jk1 z )
H
1
e
E2 (z) = x E i e jk2 z
0
i
e 2 (z) = y E0 e jk2 z
H
2
= (2 1 )/(2 + 1 )
Transmission Line [Fig. ??(b)]

(8.5a)
Ve1 (z) = V0+ (e j1 z + e j1 z )
(8.5b)
(8.6a)
I1 (z) =
V0+ j1 z
(e
e j1 z )
Z01
(8.6b)
(8.7a)
(8.8a)
Ve2 (z) = V0+ e j2 z

V0+ j2 z
e
Z02
= (Z02 Z01 )/(Z02 + Z01 )
I2 (z) =
= 1+
k1 = 1 1 ,
p
1 = 1 /1 ,
(8.7b)
(8.8b)
= 1+
k2 = 2 2
p
2 = 2 /2
1 = 1 1 ,
2 = 2 2
Z01 and Z02 depend on

transmission-line parameters
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Chapter 9 Tables
There are no Tables in Chapter 9.
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Chapter 10 Tables
Table 10-1 Communications satellite frequency allocations.
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Table 10-1: Communications satellite frequency allocations.

Downlink Frequency
(MHz)
Use
Commercial (C-band)
Military (X-band)
Commercial (K-band)
Domestic (USA)
International
Maritime
Aeronautical
Fixed Service
3,7004,200
7,2507,750
Uplink Frequency
(MHz)
5,9256,425
7,9008,400
11,70012,200
10,95011,200
14,00014,500
27,50031,000
Mobile Service
1,5351,542.5
1,543.51,558.8
1,6351,644
1,6451,660
Broadcast Service
2,5002,535
11,70012,750
2,6552,690
Telemetry, Tracking, and Command

137138, 401402, 1,5251,540
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Fundamentals of Applied Electromagnetics 6e

Table 1-1: Fundamental SI units.

Table 1-2: Multiple and submultiple prefixes.

Table 1-3: The three branches of electromagnetics.

Field Quantities (Units)

Electric field intensity E (V/m)

Magnetic flux density B (T)

Table 1-4: Constitutive parameters of materials.

0 = 8.854 1012 (F/m)

e where z(t) = Re[Ze

Table 2-1: Transmission-line parameters R0 , L0 , G0 , and C 0 for three types of lines.

Notes: (1) Refer to Fig. ?? for definitions of dimensions.

Table 2-2: Characteristic parameters of transmission lines.

(R0 + jL0 )(G0 + jC 0 )

Z0 ' (120/ r ) ln(2D/d),

Notes: (1) = 0 , = r 0 , c = 1/ 0 0 , and 0 /0 ' (120) , where r is the relative permittivity

Reflection Coefficient = ||e jr

180 (phase opposition)

Table 2-4: Properties of standing waves on a lossless transmission line.

Positions of voltage minima (also

|Ve |max = |V0+ |[1 + ||]

at voltage maxima and minima

Zin of short-circuited line

Zin of open-circuited line

Zin of line of length l = n /2

Zin of line of length l = /4 + n /2

Zin = Z02 /ZL ,

Zin of matched line

|V0+ | = amplitude of incident wave; = ||e jr with < r < ; r in radians; l = e j2 l .

Table 3-1: Summary of vector relations.

Base vectors properties

Differential surface areas

Table 3-2: Coordinate transformation relations.

Table 4-1: Conductivity of some common materials at 20 C.

Dielectric Strength, Eds (MV/m)

= r 0 and 0 = 8.854 1012 F/m.

Table 4-3: Boundary conditions for the electric fields.

Any Two Media

Table 5-1: Attributes of electrostatics and magnetostatics.

Fields and Fluxes

Table 5-2: Properties of magnetic materials.

Yes, but weak

Yes, and strong

Bismuth, copper, diamond,

Table 6-1: Maxwells equations.

(Gausss law for magnetism)

Table 7-1: Expressions for , , c , up , and for various types of media.

Table 7-2: Power ratios in natural numbers and in decibels.

Transmission Line [Fig. ??(b)]

Ve1 (z) = V0+ (e j1 z + e j1 z )

Ve2 (z) = V0+ e j2 z

Z01 and Z02 depend on

Table 10-1: Communications satellite frequency allocations.

Telemetry, Tracking, and Command

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