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Convert Logarithms and Exponentials

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The logarithmic functions logb x and the exponential functions bx are inverse of each other, hence

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y = logb x is equivalent to x = by
where b is the common base of the exponential and the logarithm.
The above equivalence helps in solving logarithmic and exponential functions and needs a deep
understanding. Examples, of how the above relationship between the logarithm and exponential may be
used to transform expressions, are presented below.
Example 1 : Change each logarithmic expression to an exponential expression.
1. log 3 27 = 3
2. log 36 6 = 1 / 2
3. log 2 (1 / 8) = -3
4. log 8 2 = 1 / 3

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Solution to Example 1:
1. The logarithmic form log3 27 = 3 is equivalent to the
exponential form

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27 = 33
2. The logarithmic form log36 6 = 1 / 2 is equivalent to the
exponential form
6 = 361/2
3.

log2 (1 / 8) = -3 in exponential form is given by


1 / 8 = 2-3

4.

log8 2 = 1 / 3 in exponential form is given by


2 = 81/3

Example 2 : Change each exponential expression to


logarithmic expression.
1. 34 = 81
2. 41/2 = 2
3. 3-3 = 1 / 27
4. 103 = 1000
Solution to Example 2:
1.

The exponential form 34 = 81 is equivalent to the

logarithmic form
4 = log 3 81

2.

The exponential form 41/2 = 2 is equivalent to the logarithmic form


1 / 2 = log4 2

3.

3-3 = 1 / 27 in logarithmic form is given by


-3 = log 3 (1/ 27)

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4.

http://www.analyzemath.com/logfunction/logarithm_exponential.html

103 = 1000 in logarithmic form is given by


3 = log10 1000

Example 3 : Solve for x the following equations.


1. log 3 x = 5
2. log 2 (x - 3) = 2
3. 2 log3 (- x + 1) = 6
Solution to Example 3:
1.

To solve the equation log3 x = 5, rewrite it into exponential form


x = 35

2.

Rewrite the equation log 2 (x - 3) = 2 into exponential form


x - 3 = 22 = 4

Solve for x
x=4+3=7
3.

Divide all terms of the equation 2 log3 (- x + 1) = 6 by 2


log 3 (- x + 1) = 3

Rewrite the equation obtained in exponential form


- x + 1 = 33 = 27
Solve for x
x = - 26

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