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REINFORCED CONCRETE COUNCIL

Made by

Date

rc

RETAINING WALL design to BS 8110:1997, BS 8002:1994. BS 8004:1986 etcChecked

Originated from 'RCC62.xls' on CD

Page

17-Sep-2015

chg

1999 BCA for RCC

101

Revision

Job No

IDEALISED STRUCTURE and FORCE DIAGRAMS

R68

DESIGN STATUS:

NOT VALID

L in e L o a d L G K , L Q K in k N / m
WARNING :
Passive pressure should
only be considered if it
can be guaranteed that
there will be no future
excavation in front of
the wall.

X
S u r c h a r g e S G K , S Q K in k N / m

T W

H n

H P

T b

L W

L E

H W

L S

L L

W A T E R

B 1

L P

B N

T N
B

DIMENSIONS (mm)
H=
1000
Hw =
100
Hp =
200
Hn =
0
MATERIAL PROPERTIES
fcu =
35
fy =
460

B=
BI =
BN =

2750
1000
0

Tw =
Tb =
TN =

m =
N/mm
m =
N/mm
cover to tension steel =
Max allowable design surface crack width (W) =
Concrete density =
SOIL PROPERTIES
Design angle of int'l friction of retained mat'l () =
Design cohesion of retained mat'l (C ) =
Density of retained mat'l (q ) =
Submerged Density of retained mat'l (qs ) =
Design angle of int'l friction of base mat'l (b) =
Design cohesion of base material (Cb ) =
Density of base material (qb ) =
Allowable gross ground bearing pressure (GBP) =
LOADINGS

Surcharge load -- live (SQK)

Surcharge load -- dead (SGK)
Line load -- live (LQK)
Line load -- dead (LGK)
Distance of line load from wall (X)

LATERAL FORCES (unfactored)

Force

PE
PS(GK)
PS(QK)
PL(GK)
PL(QK)

=
=
=
=
=

PW =
Total
PP =

Ka
Kp
Kpc
Kac
Lever arm

(kN)
3.32
3.33
3.33
6.67
5.00

LE
LS
LS
LL
LL

(m)
= 0.334
= 0.50
= 0.50
= 0.16
= 0.16

0.05

LW = 0.03

21.71

-6.12

1.5
1.05
50
0.3
24

250
400
0

concrete
steel
mm
mm
kN/m
Wall Geometry

30
0
20
13.33
20
10
10
200

degree
kN/m
kN/m
kN/m
degree
kN/m
kN/m
kN/m

=
=
=
=
=

10
10
15
20
1000

kN/m

=
=
=
=

0.33
2.04
2.86
1.15

[
[
[
[

kN/m
kN/m
mm

(Only granular backfil considered, "C" = zero)

[default=2/3*q (only apply when 13.33
ASSUMPTIONS

a) Wall friction is zero

b) Minimum active earth pressure = 0.25qH
c) Granular backfill
d)Does not include check of rotational slide/slope failure
e)Does not include effect of seepage of ground
water beneath the wall.
f)Does not include deflection check of wall due to
lateral earth pressures
h) Design not intended for walls over 3.0 m high

default ka = (1-SIN )/(1+SIN )0.33

default kp = (1+SIN b)/(1-SIN 2.04
default kpc = 2kp0.5 ] =
2.86
2ka0.5 ]

Moment about TOE

(kNm)
1.11
1.67
1.67
1.07
0.80

1.40
1.40
1.60
1.40
1.60

0.00

1.40

6.32

(LP-HN) = 0.10

-0.60

1.00

Fult

Mult

(kN)
4.65
4.67
5.33
9.33
8.00

(kNm)
1.56
2.33
2.67
1.50
1.29

0.07

0.00

32.05

9.35

-6.12

-0.60

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RETAINING WALL design to BS 8110:1997, BS 8002:1994. BS 8004: Checked

Originated from 'RCC62.xls' on CD

PE =
PS(GK) =
PS(QK) =
PL(GK) =
PL(QK) =
PW =
P =
Pp =

3.32
3.33
3.33
6.67
5.00
0.05

Lever arm (m)

LE
LS
LS
LL
LL
LW

=
=
=
=
=
=

Moment (kNm)

0.33
0.50
0.50
0.16
0.16
0.03

1.11
1.67
1.67
1.07
0.80
0.00

-6.12

Vertical FORCE (kN)

Wall =
Base =
Nib =
Earth =
Water =
Surcharge =
Line load =
V =

Moments

(LP-HN) = 0.10

Lever arm (m)

3.60
26.40
0.00
18.00
0.00
30.00
35.00

-0.60
= 5.72

R68
OK

F.O.S = 1.50
LOADING OPTION
(select critical load combination)
EARTH

PS(GK)

PS(QK)
PL(GK)

PL(QK)

PW

(using overall factor of safety instead of partial safety factor)

PASSIVE FORCE, Pp x Reduction factor (1) =

BASE FRICTION ( V TANb + B Cb ) =
Sum of FORCES RESISTING SLIDING, Pr =

Under some
conditions,surcharge &
line loads may have
stabilising effects on the
structure, and it is
recommended that
stability checks should
also be carried out
without these loads.

4.05
36.30
0.00
36.00
0.00
60.00
78.75
Mr = 215.10

113.00

Sum of LATERAL FORCES, P =

Warning:

Moment (kNm)

1.13
1.38
0.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.25

Factor of Safety, Mr / Mo =
SLIDING

102
Job No

21.71
Mo

Restoring

17-Sep-2015

STABILITY CHECKS :

OVERTURNING about TOE

(using overall factor of safety instead of partial safety factor)
Lateral FORCE (kN)

Page

Revision

chg

1999 BCA for RCC

EXTERNAL STABILITY

Overturning
Moments

Date

21.71

kN

-6.12
-68.63

kN
kN
kN

-74.75

37.60
F.O.S =

> 1.50

OK

1.50

Red'n factor for passive force = 1.00

Factor of Safety, Pr / P =

3.44

> 1.50

OK

GROUND BEARING FAI Taking moments about centre of base (anticlockwise "+") :
Vertical FORCES (kN) Lever arm (m)

Wall =
Base =
Nib =
Earth =
Water =
Surcharge=
Line load =
V =

3.60
26.40
0.00
18.00
0.00
30.00
35.00
113.00

0.25
0.00
1.38
-0.63
-0.63
-0.63
-0.88

Moment (kNm)

BEARING PRESSURE (KN/m)

0.90
0.00
0.00
-11.25
0.00
-18.75
-30.63
Mv =
-59.73

Moment due to LATERAL FORCES, Mo =

Resultant Moment, M = Mv + Mo =
Eccentricity from base centre, M / V =
Therefore, MAXIMUM Gross Bearing Pressure (GRP) =

0.000

50.000

5.72

kNm

-54.00

kNm

-0.48
84

m
kN/m

100.000

< 200

OK

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REINFORCED CONCRETE COUNCIL

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RETAINING WALL design to BS 8110:1997, BS 8002:1994. BS 8004:Checked

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Date

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17-Sep-2015
Revision

chg

1999 BCA for RCC

Job No

R68

OUTER BASE ( per metre length )

f =

V ult =
M ult =

1.48
4.63
-1.76

104

BS8110

(default = ult mt / non-factored m1.48

kN
kNm
(TENSION - BOTTOM FACE)
Min. As =

520
12
200
565

mm2
mm
mm
mm2

d=
z=
As' =
Mres =

344
326.80
0
80.96

mm
mm
mm2
kNm

> -1.76

OK

100 As/bd =
vc =
Vres =

0.16%
0.40
138.35

N/mm2
kN

> 4.63

OK

mm

< 0.30

BOTTOM REINFORCEMENT :

centres =
Asprov =
MOMENT of RESISTANCE :

SHEAR RESISTANCE:

reference

Table 3.25

< 762
> 520

OK

3.12.11.2.7(b)

OK

3.4.4.4

Table 3.8
3.5.5.2

CHECK CRACK WIDTH IN ACCORDANCE WITH BS8007 :

X=
Acr =

68.49
108.61

m = -0.000532

mm
mm

W=

-0.13

BS8007
OK

App. B.2

INNER BASE ( per metre length )

V ult =
M ult =

6.05
11.11

kN
kNm

(TENSION - TOP FACE)

Min. As =
=
centres =
Asprov =

520
16
150
1340

mm2
mm
mm
mm2

d=
z=
As' =
Mres =

342
323.22
0
189.80

mm
mm
mm2
kNm

100 As/bd =
vc =
Vres =

0.39%
0.54
184.02

N/mm2
kN

TOP REINFORCEMENT :

MOMENT RESISTANCE :

SHEAR RESISTANCE:

CHECK CRACK WIDTH wrt BS8007 :

X=
Acr =

99.03
86.81

mm
mm

Table 3.25

< 766
> 520

OK

3.4.4.4

> 11.11

OK

> 6.05

OK

Table 3.8

(Temperature and shrinkage effects not included)

m = -0.000583
W=
-0.14
mm
< 0.30
OK

REINFORCEMENT SUMMARY for BASE

TOP (DESIGN)
BOTTOM (DESIGN)
TRANSVERSE

Type

Centers

As

Min. As

T
T
T

mm
16
12
12

mm
150
200
200

mm2
1340
565
565

mm2
520
520
520

3.12.11.2.7(b)

OK

OK
OK
OK

3.5.5.2

BS8007
App. B.2

Project

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Originated from 'RCC62.xls' on CD

Date

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17-Sep-2015
Revision

chg

1999 BCA for RCC

R68

APPROXIMATE WEIGHT OF REINFORCEMENT

No.

Type

Dia

Length

Unit Wt

Weight

6
9
8

T
T
T

10
16
10

680
728
1000

0.617
1.578
0.617

2.52
10.34
4.93

7
6
28
6
9

T
T
T
T
T

16
12
12
10
16

2878
2846
1000
1125
1365

1.578
0.888
0.888
0.617
1.578

31.80
15.16
24.86
4.16
19.39

T
T
T

10
16
10

80
128
1000

0.617
1.578
0.617

0.30
1.82
1.23

WALL

VERTICAL - External face

VERTICAL - Internal face
TRANSVERSE (Ext.& Int.)

BASE

TOP (MAIN)
BOTTOM (MAIN)
TRANSVERSE ( T & B )
WALL STARTERS (Ext.)
WALL STARTERS (Int.)

NIB

(assume same reinforcement as wall)

INTERNAL FACE (MAIN)
6
EXTERNAL FACE (MAIN)
9
TRANSVERSE (EXT.+ INT.)
2

SUMMARY

Approx total reinforcement per metre length of wall (kg)

105
Job No

116.5

Diagrams

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RETAINING WALL design to BS 8110:1997, BS 8002:1994. BS 8004:1986 etc. sheet 1 of 2
Originated from 'RCC62.xls' on CD

Made by rc

Job No R

1999 BCA for RCC

DESIGN STATUS: NOT VALID

IF(ABS(ECCY)>B/1000/2,"BEARING FAIL",IF(ABS(ECCY)>(B/1000)/6,(2*VL)/(3*((B/1000)/2-ABS(ECCY))),(VL/(B/1000)*(1+(6*ABS(ECCY))/(B/1000)))))

IF(ECCY>(B/1000)/6,IF(XX>(B/1000/2-ECCY)*3,0,(((B/1000/2-ECCY)*3-XX)/((B/1000/2-ECCY)*3))*BP),((VL/(B/1000)*(1-(6*ECCY)/(B/1000))))+(B/1000-XX)/(B/1000)*(BP-(VL/(B/1000)*
(6*ECCY)/(B/1000)))))
2.75

KN/M^2

KN/M^2

1 83.96
0 83.98
3
BEARING PRESSURE DIAGRAM
0.275 83.97
3
0.55 83.97
3
0.825 83.96
3
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
1.1 83.96
3
0
1.375 83.96
3
1.65 83.95
3
50
1.925 83.95
3
2.2 83.94
3
2.475 83.94
3
100
M
2.75 83.94
3
2.75 0.00
0
IF(ECCY<0,B/1000-B/1000/50*B24,B/1000/50*B24)
52.77
0 2.75
0.000
BEARING PRESSURE DIAGRAM
1 2.70
0.000
2 2.64
1.600
3 2.59
3.316
4 2.53
5.032
5 2.48
6.748
0.000
6 2.42
8.464
7 2.37
10.180
8 2.31
11.897
50.000
9 2.26
13.613
10 2.20
15.329
11 2.15
17.045
100.000
12 2.09
18.761
M
13 2.04
20.477
14 1.98
22.194
15 1.93
23.910
16 1.87
25.626
83.96
17 1.82
27.342
BP
0
83.975
18 1.76
29.058
BPE
1
83.961
19 1.71
30.774
BPI
1.25
83.958
20 1.65
32.491
BPZ
2.75
83.937
21 1.60
34.207
22 1.54
35.923
23 1.49
37.639
24 1.43
39.355
25 1.38
41.071
26 1.32
42.787
27 1.27
44.504
28 1.21
46.220
29 1.16
47.936
30 1.10
49.652
31 1.05
51.368
32 0.99
53.084
33 0.94
54.801
34 0.88
56.517
35 0.83
58.233
36 0.77
59.949
37 0.72
61.665
38 0.66
63.381
39 0.61
65.098
40 0.55
66.814
41 0.50
68.530
42 0.44
70.246
43 0.39
71.962
44 0.33
73.678
45 0.28
75.395
46 0.22
77.111
47 0.17
78.827
48 0.11
80.543
49 0.06
82.259
50 0.00 83.9753

Page 5

0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50

0.000
0.000
1.600
3.316
5.032
6.748
8.464
10.180
11.897
13.613
15.329
17.045
18.761
20.477
22.194
23.910
25.626
27.342
29.058
30.774
32.491
34.207
35.923
37.639
39.355
41.071
42.787
44.504
46.220
47.936
49.652
51.368
53.084
54.801
56.517
58.233
59.949
61.665
63.381
65.098
66.814
68.530
70.246
71.962
73.678
75.395
77.111
78.827
80.543
82.259
83.975

0.055
0.055
0.055
0.055
0.055
0.055
0.055
0.055
0.055
0.055
0.055
0.055
0.055
0.055
0.055
0.055
0.055
0.055
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000

0.000
0.000
0.088
0.182
0.277
0.371
0.466
0.560
0.654
0.749
0.843
0.937
1.032
1.126
1.221
1.315
1.409
1.504
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
12.734

0.000
0.000
0.087
0.170
0.243
0.305
0.357
0.399
0.430
0.451
0.462
0.462
0.451
0.431
0.400
0.358
0.307
0.244
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
5.557

0.055
0.055
0.055
0.055
0.055
0.055
0.055
0.055
0.055
0.055
0.055
0.055
0.055
0.055
0.055
0.055
0.055
0.055
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000

0.000
0.000
0.088
0.182
0.277
0.371
0.466
0.560
0.654
0.749
0.843
0.937
1.032
1.126
1.221
1.315
1.409
1.504
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
12.734

Diagrams

Spreadsheets to BS 8110etc
DATA FOR DIAGRAMS II
Grid line 1
RETAINING WALL design to BS 8110:1997, BS 8002:1994. BS 8004:1986 etc. sheet 1 of 2
Originated from 'RCC62.xls' on CD

UTM=

2.64
2.64

0
400
400
1000
1000
400
400
0
0
0
0
0
0

1000

2750

0.00
0.01
0.02
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.10
0.11
0.12
0.13
0.14
0.16
0.17
0.18
0.19
0.20
0.22
0.23
0.24
0.25
0.26
0.28
0.29
0.30
0.31
0.32
0.34
0.35
0.36
0.37
0.38
0.40
0.41
0.42
0.43
0.44
0.46
0.47
0.48
0.49
0.50
0.52
0.53
0.54
0.55
0.56
0.58
0.59
0.60

MOMENT DIAGRAM
0.5

1.5

ULT. MT (KNM)

WALL GEOMETRY
4000
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
0

0
0
1000
1000
1250
1250
2750
2750
0
0
0
0
0

0
0.0011
0.0042
0.0095
0.0169
0.0264
0.038
0.0517
0.0676
0.0855
0.1056
0.1278
0.1521
0.1785
0.207
0.2376
0.2703
0.3052
0.3421
0.3812
0.4224
0.4657
0.5111
0.5586
0.6083
0.66
0.7139
0.7698
0.8279
0.8881
0.9504
1.0148
1.0813
1.15
1.2207
1.2936
1.3686
1.4457
1.5249
1.6062
1.6896
1.7751
1.8628
1.9525
2.0444
2.1384
2.2345
2.3327
2.433
2.5355
2.64

4000

0.00
0.01
0.02
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.10
0.11
0.12
0.13
0.14
0.16
0.17
0.18
0.19
0.20
0.22
0.23
0.24
0.25
0.26
0.28
0.29
0.30
0.31
0.32
0.34
0.35
0.36
0.37
0.38
0.40
0.41
0.42
0.43
0.44
0.46
0.47
0.48
0.49
0.50
0.52
0.53
0.54
0.55
0.56
0.58
0.59
0.60

WALL (M )

0.60
0.00
0.00
0.6
0.60
0.00

3000

0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50

MTE=
MTLG=
MTLQ=
MTSG=
MTSQ=
MTW=

2000

YY= 0.6

1999 BCA for RCC

1000

Location

WALL (m m )

Project

BASE ( m m )

Page 6

2.5

Made by rc

Job No R

ade by rc

Diagrams

Job No R68
Date 17-Sep-15

000)*(BP-(VL/(B/1000)*(1-

0.055
0.055
0.055
0.055
0.055
0.055
0.055
0.055
0.055
0.055
0.055
0.055
0.055
0.055
0.055
0.055
0.055
0.055
0.055
0.055
0.055
0.055
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0.000
0.000
0.088
0.182
0.277
0.371
0.466
0.560
0.654
0.749
0.843
0.937
1.032
1.126
1.221
1.315
1.409
1.504
1.598
1.693
1.787
1.881
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
19.694

Page 7

ade by rc

Diagrams

Job No R68
Date 17-Sep-15

Page 8

Project
Location

Spreadsheets to BS 8110etc
Grid line 1

CRACK WIDTH CALCULATIONS

RETAINING WALL design to BS 8110:1997, BS 8002:1994. BS 8004:1986 etc.

Originated from 'RCC62.xls' on CD

WALL
MR=
As/bd=
X=
Ic=
STS=
ST1=
ST2=
Acr=
W=

15.06
0.008
75.21
472134280
0.0000
0.0000
0.0004066
77.265761
-0.08

MIN SPACING=
MSBB=
MSBT=

15.06
0.0016
68.49
753352434
0.0010
0.0012
0.0017635
108.61239
-0.13
-0.0005

MR=
AsBB/bd=
X=
Ic=
STS=
ST1=
ST2=
Acr=
W=

1999 BCA for RCC

-10712
762
766

ASreq = -27.43
ASBBreq 0.01
ASBTreq 78.456

m= -0.0004

MR=
AsBB/bd=
X=
Ic=
STS=
ST1=
ST2=
Acr=
W=

m=

m=

15.06
0.0039
99.03
1.52E+009
0.0001
0.0001
0.0006953
86.810337
-0.14
-0.0006

Page 9

Made by rc

Job No R68
Date 17-Sep-15

fs = -5.2297Asprov%= 0.8378
fs = 0.0054Asprov%= 0.1644
fs = 17.95 Asprov%= 0.3919

Notes

Disclaimer

All advice or information from the British Cement Association and/or Reinforced Concrete Counc
will evaluate the significance and limitations of its contents and take responsibility for its use an
(including that for negligence) for any loss resulting from such advice or information is accepte
subcontractors, suppliers or advisors. Users should note that all BCA software and publications
time to time and should therefore ensure that they are in possession of the latest version.

This spreadsheet should be used in compliance with the accompanying publication 'Spreadshee
8110 and EC2' available from British Cement Association, Telford Avenue, Crowthorne, Berkshir

Status of spreadsheet
Public release version.
Revision history RCC62 Retaining Wall.xls

Date

Version

Action

06-Aug-99

RCC62 v1.0

First public release.

Includes version comments

Page 10

Notes

Page 11

Notes

or Reinforced Concrete Council is intended for those who

ke responsibility for its use and application. No liability
ice or information is accepted by the BCA, RCC or their
CA software and publications are subject to revision from
on of the latest version.

nying publication 'Spreadsheets for concrete design to BS

Avenue, Crowthorne, Berkshire RG45 6YS.

Size (kB)
398

Page 12

Notes

Page 13

Notes

Page 14

Notes

Page 15