Flashback Technology Examples PDF

FLASHBACK VERSION QUERY
SQL> desc tab1;

Name
Null?
Type
----------- ----------------- -------NO
NUMBER
TMSTMP
DATE
DSCRPTN
VARCHAR2(15)
SQL> SELECT current_scn, TO_CHAR(SYSTIMESTAMP, 'DD-MON-YY HH24:MI:SS') TIMESTAMP from v$database;

CURRENT_SCN
-----------
TIMESTAMP
------------------
662902
09-MAY-14 18:30:28
# INSERTING RECORDS
SQL> insert into tab1 (no , tmstmp) values (1,sysdate);
1 row created.
1 row created.
SQL> commit;
Commit complete.
SQL> SELECT
CURRENT_SCN
current_scn, TO_CHAR(SYSTIMESTAMP, 'DD-MON-YY HH24:MI:SS') TIMESTAMP from v$database;

TIMESTAMP
-----------
------------------
662955
09-MAY-14 18:31:23
# DELETING
RECORDS
SQL> delete from tab1;

2 rows deleted.
SQL> commit;
Commit complete.
CURRENT_SCN
----------662967
TIMESTAMP
-----------------09-MAY-14 18:31:52
# TIMESTAMP BETWEEN 18:31:23 Vs 18:31:52
COLUMN versions_startscn FORMAT 99999999999999999

COLUMN versions_starttime FORMAT A24
COLUMN versions_endscn FORMAT 99999999999999999
COLUMN versions_endtime FORMAT A24
COLUMN versions_xid FORMAT A16
COLUMN versions_operation FORMAT A1
COLUMN dscrptn FORMAT A11
SET LINESIZE 200
SQL> SELECT
versions_startscn, versions_starttime
,
versions_endscn, versions_endtime
versions_xid, versions_operation
DSCRPTN from tab1

VERSIONS BETWEEN TIMESTAMP TO_TIMESTAMP('09-MAY-14 18:31:23','DD-MON-YY HH24:MI:SS')
AND TO_TIMESTAMP('09-MAY-14 18:31:52','DD-MON-YY HH24:MI:SS');
VERSIONS_STARTSCN
VERSIONS_STARTTIME
VERSIONS_ENDSCN
VERSIONS_ENDTIME
VERSIONS_XID
------------------ -------------------- ----------------- ----------------- ------------
DSCRPTN
--------
662964
09-MAY-14 06.31.42 PM
060029000F010000
662964
09-MAY-14 06.31.42 PM
060029000F010000
662964
09-MAY-14
06.31.42 PM
662964
09-MAY-14
06.31.42 PM
TIMESTAMP BETWEEN 18:30:28 Vs 18:31:52

SQL> SELECT
,
DSCRPTN from tab1

VERSIONS_STARTSCN VERSIONS_STARTTIME
------------------ ------------------
VERSIONS_ENDSCN
VERSIONS_ENDTIME
VERSIONS_XID
----------------- --------- --------- -------------
DSCRPTN
--------
662964
09-MAY-14 06.31.42 PM
060029000F010000
662964
09-MAY-14 06.31.42 PM
060029000F010000
662951
09-MAY-14 06.31.12 PM
662964
09-MAY-14 06.31.42 PM
0700060018010000
662951
09-MAY-14 06.31.12 PM
662964
09-MAY-14 06.31.42 PM
0700060018010000
EXAMPLE II

CURRENT_SCN
TIMESTAMP
-----------
------------------
664595
09-MAY-14 19:45:33
# INSERTING RECORDS
1 row created.
1 row created.
SQL> commit;
Commit complete.

CURRENT_SCN
TIMESTAMP
-----------
------------------
664608
09-MAY-14 19:46:06
# UPDATING RECORDS
SQL> update tab1 set DSCRPTN='one' where no=1;
1 row updated.
SQL> update tab1 set DSCRPTN='two' where no=2;
1 row updated.
SQL> commit;
Commit complete.
SQL> SELECT current_scn, TO_CHAR(SYSTIMESTAMP, 'DD-MON-YY HH24:MI:SS') from v$database;
CURRENT_SCN
----------664751
TIMESTAMP
-----------------09-MAY-14 19:48:30
# DELETING RECORDS
SQL> delete from tab1;
2 rows deleted.
SQL> commit;
Commit complete.

CURRENT_SCN
----------664835
TIMESTAMP
-----------------09-MAY-14 19:52:18
# TIMESTAMP BETWEEN 19:46:06 Vs
19:52:18
SQL> SELECT
,
DSCRPTN
from
tab1
------------------
VERSIONS_ENDSCN
--------------------- ------------------
VERSIONS_ENDTIME
--------------------
VERSIONS_XID
---------------
DSCRPTN
---------
664761
09-MAY-14 07.48.53 PM
030012000D010000
two
664761
09-MAY-14 07.48.53 PM
030012000D010000
one
664724
09-MAY-14 07.47.45 PM
664761
09-MAY-14 07.48.53 PM
0A00240002010000
two
664724
09-MAY-14 07.47.45 PM
664761
09-MAY-14 07.48.53 PM
0A00240002010000
one
664724
09-MAY-14 07.47.45 PM
664724
09-MAY-14 07.47.45 PM
6 rows selected.
# TIMESTAMP BETWEEN 19:45:33 Vs
19:52:18
SQL> SELECT
,
DSCRPTN
from
tab1
AND TO_TIMESTAMP('09-MAY-14 19:52:18','DD-MON-YY HH24:MI:SS')
/
VERSIONS_ENDSCN
VERSIONS_ENDTIME
VERSIONS_XID
------------------ ------------------------ ------------------ -------------- ----------------
DSCRPTN
-------
664761
09-MAY-14 07.48.53 PM
030012000D010000
two
664761
09-MAY-14 07.48.53 PM
030012000D010000
one
664724
09-MAY-14 07.47.45 PM
664761
09-MAY-14 07.48.53 PM
0A00240002010000
two
664724
09-MAY-14 07.47.45 PM
664761
09-MAY-14 07.48.53 PM
0A00240002010000
one
664604
09-MAY-14 07.45.55 PM
664724
09-MAY-14 07.47.45 PM
090011003C010000
664604
09-MAY-14 07.45.55 PM
664724
09-MAY-14 07.47.45 PM
090011003C010000
6 rows selected.
EXAMPLE III
BETWEEN CLUASE USING SCN
CURRENT_SCN TIMESTAMP
----------- -----------------670656 09-MAY-14 23:00:26

1 row created.
1 row created.
SQL> commit;
Commit complete.
SQL> SELECT current_scn, TO_CHAR(SYSTIMESTAMP, 'DD-MON-YY HH24:MI:SS')TIMESTAMP from v$database;
CURRENT_SCN
TIMESTAMP
-----------
------------------
670678 09-MAY-14 23:01:24

SQL> update tab1 set DSCRPTN='one' where no=1;
1 row updated.
SQL>
update tab1 set DSCRPTN='two' where no=2;
1 row updated.
SQL> commit;
Commit complete.
***********
CURRENT_SCN
TIMESTAMP
-----------
------------------
670696 09-MAY-14 23:02:09

1 row created.

1 row created.
SQL> commit;
Commit complete.

CURRENT_SCN
TIMESTAMP
----------- -----------------670718 09-MAY-14 23:03:02
SQL> delete from tab1 where no=4;

1 row deleted.
SQL> commit;
Commit complete.

CURRENT_SCN
-----------
TIMESTAMP
------------------
670730 09-MAY-14 23:03:27
# SCN 670678 AND 670718

SQL> SELECT
,
DSCRPTN
from tab
VERSIONS BETWEEN SCN 670678 AND 670718;
VERSIONS_ENDSCN VERSIONS_ENDTIME
VERSIONS_XID
V DSCRPTN
------------------ ------------------------ ------------------ ------------------------ ---------------- 670713
09-MAY-14 11.02.46 PM
670713
040011002D010000
09-MAY-14 11.02.46 PM
040011002D010000
670693
09-MAY-14 11.01.59 PM
02001B0029010000
two
670693
09-MAY-14 11.01.59 PM
02001B0029010000
one
6 rows selected.
670726
09-MAY-14 11.03.17 PM
670693
09-MAY-14 11.01.59 PM
670693
09-MAY-14 11.01.59 PM
# SCN 670656 AND 670730

SQL> SELECT
,
DSCRPTN
from
tab1
VERSIONS BETWEEN SCN 670656 AND 670730;
VERSIONS_ENDSCN
VERSIONS_ENDTIME
VERSIONS_XID
DSCRPTN
------------------ ------------------------ ------------------ ------------------------ --------- -------0500050025010000
040011002D010000
09-MAY-14 11.02.46 PM
040011002D010000
670693
09-MAY-14 11.01.59 PM
02001B0029010000
two
670693
09-MAY-14 11.01.59 PM
02001B0029010000
one
670669
09-MAY-14 11.00.57 PM
670693
09-MAY-14 11.01.59 PM
070017001B010000
670669
09-MAY-14 11.00.57 PM
670693
09-MAY-14 11.01.59 PM
070017001B010000
670726
09-MAY-14 11.03.17 PM
670713
09-MAY-14 11.02.46 PM
670713
670726
09-MAY-14 11.03.17 PM
7 rows selected.
Oracle provides a variety of metadata with each version of our data.

The metadata is exposed via a number of pseudo-columns following below.
Suedo Column
Description
VERSION_XID
Transaction ID of the transaction that created this version.
VERSIONS_OPERATION
Operation Performed . I Insert , U Update , D Delete.
VERSIONS_STARTSCN
SCN of the first version
VERSIONS_STARTTIME
Timestamp of the first version
VERSIONS_ENDSCN
SCN of the last version
VERSIONS_ENDTIME
Timestamp of the last version
POINTS TO NOTE :
One restriction with using specific timestamps or SCNs is that they must be within the boundaries of the
undo_retention
parameter.
Attempting
to
flashback
to
version
older
than
undo_retention will result in ORA-30052: invalid lower limit snapshot expression.
FLASHBACK TRANSACTION QUERY

SQL> ALTER DATABASE ADD SUPPLEMENTAL LOG DATA;
Database altered.
SQL> show parameter undo;
NAME
TYPE
VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ---------undo_management
string
AUTO
undo_retention
integer
2400
undo_tablespace
string
UNDOTBS1
SQL> select * from tab1;

no rows selected
approximately
query
time-
SQL> select current_scn, to_char(SYSTIMESTAMP,'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS') "TIMESTAMP"

CURRENT_SCN
from v$database;
TIMESTAMP
----------- ------------------773162 2014-05-18 00:01:59
SQL> insert into tab1 values(1,'sam','sam@orcl.com');

1 row created.
SQL> insert into tab1 values(2,'rose','rose@orcl.com');

1 row created.
SQL> commit;
Commit complete.
SQL> update tab1 set email='sam@gmail.com' where id=1;

1 row updated.
SQL> update tab1 set email='rose@gmail.com' where id=2;

1 row updated.
SQL> commit;
Commit complete.
SQL> delete from tab1 where id=1;

1 row deleted.
SQL> commit;
Commit complete.
SQL> select current_scn,to_char(SYSTIMESTAMP,'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS') from v$database;

CURRENT_SCN
----------773273
TIMESTAMP
------------------2014-05-18 00:05:52
SQL> select versions_starttime stime,versions_endtime endtime,versions_xid xid,

2
case
when versions_operation = 'I' then 'INSERT'
when versions_operation = 'U' then 'UPDATE'
when versions_operation = 'D' then 'DELETE'
end as operation,
id from tab1
versions between timestamp minvalue and maxvalue
order by stime;
STIME
ENDTIME
XID
OPERATION
ID
---------------------- ---------------------- ---------------- ---------- ---------18-MAY-14 12.03.26 AM
18-MAY-14 12.04.50 AM
040018003D010000
INSERT
18-MAY-14 12.03.26 AM
18-MAY-14 12.04.50 AM
040018003D010000
INSERT
0500040035010000
UPDATE
0500040035010000
UPDATE
070016002B010000
DELETE
18-MAY-14 12.04.50 AM
18-MAY-14 12.04.50 AM
18-MAY-14 12.05.24 AM
18-MAY-14 12.05.24 AM
###########################################
#
UNDO_SQL for INSERT OPERATION
###########################################
SQL> select operation, logon_user, undo_sql FROM flashback_transaction_query

WHERE xid = HEXTORAW('040018003D010000');
OPERATION
LOGON UNDO_SQL
---------- ----- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------INSERT
SAM
delete from "SAM"."TAB1" where ROWID = 'AAAM/6AAEAAAAGEAAB';
INSERT
SAM
delete from "SAM"."TAB1" where ROWID = 'AAAM/6AAEAAAAGEAAA';
BEGIN
SAM
###########################################
#
UNDO_SQL for UPDATE OPERATION
###########################################

WHERE xid = HEXTORAW('0500040035010000');
OPERATION
LOGON UNDO_SQL
---------- ----- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------UPDATE
SAM
update "SAM"."TAB1" set "EMAIL" = 'rose@orcl.com' where ROWID = 'AAAM/6AAEAAAAGEAAB';
UPDATE
SAM
update "SAM"."TAB1" set "EMAIL" = 'sam@orcl.com'
BEGIN
SAM
where ROWID = 'AAAM/6AAEAAAAGEAAA';
###########################################
#
UNDO_SQL for DELETE OPERATION
###########################################

WHERE xid = HEXTORAW('070016002B010000');
OPERATION
LOGON UNDO_SQL
---------- ----- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------DELETE
SAM
BEGIN
SAM
insert into "SAM"."TAB1"("ID","NAME","EMAIL") values ('1','sam','sam@gmail.com');
POINTS TO NOTE :
---------------Look at the Operation column. The original operation was a
SQL shows Insert operation. This is a simple
we do NOT
delete statement but the UNDO
way to get the UNDO SQL.
need to use LOG Miner to get the UNDO SQL Statement.

ID
NAME
---------- --------2
rose
EMAIL
--------------rose@gmail.com
SQL> delete from "SAM"."TAB1" where ROWID = 'AAAM/6AAEAAAAGEAAA';

0 rows deleted.
SQL> delete from "SAM"."TAB1" where ROWID = 'AAAM/6AAEAAAAGEAAB';

1 row deleted.
no rows selected
SQL> rollback;
Rollback complete.

ID
NAME
----------
EMAIL
---------- ---------------
rose
rose@gmail.com
We can query the FLASHBACK_TRANSACTION_QUERY view for all SCNs between 773162 and 773273
SQL> select operation , logon_user , undo_sql from flashback_transaction_query
where table_owner='SAM' and table_name='TAB1'
AND start_scn between 773162 and 773273;
OPERATION
LOGON UNDO_SQL
---------- ----- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------INSERT
SAM
delete from "SAM"."TAB1" where ROWID = 'AAAM/6AAEAAAAGEAAB';
INSERT
SAM
delete from "SAM"."TAB1" where ROWID = 'AAAM/6AAEAAAAGEAAA';
UPDATE
SAM
update "SAM"."TAB1" set "EMAIL" = 'rose@orcl.com' where ROWID = 'AAAM/6AAEAAAAGEAAB';
UPDATE
SAM
update "SAM"."TAB1" set "EMAIL" = 'sam@orcl.com' where ROWID = 'AAAM/6AAEAAAAGEAAA';
DELETE
SAM
insert into "SAM"."TAB1"("ID","NAME","EMAIL") values ('1','sam','sam@gmail.com');
FLASHBACK TABLE
DDL operations change the structure of a table , we
cannot subsequently use the TO SCN or TO TIMESTAMP clause
to flash the table back to a time.
###########################################
## Restrictions on Flashing Back Tables
##
###########################################

CURRENT_SCN
-----------
TIMESTAMP
------------------
854882 20-MAY-14 11:58:54

ID NAME
EMAIL
---------- --------------- --------------1 sam
sam@gmail.com
2 rose
rose@gmail.com
## DDL operations change the structure of a table ##

####################################################
SQL> alter table tab1 drop column email;

Table altered.
SQL> SELECT current_scn, TO_CHAR(SYSTIMESTAMP, 'DD-MON-YY HH24:MI:SS') TIMESTAMP
from v$database;
CURRENT_SCN TO_CHAR(SYSTIMESTA
----------- -----------------854902 20-MAY-14 11:59:33
SQL> flashback table tab1 to scn 854882;

flashback table tab1 to scn 854882
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01466: unable to read data - table definition has changed
#########################################
## ADDING CONSTRAINT AN EXISTING TABLE ##
#########################################
SQL> desc tab1;

Name
Null?
Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ---------------------------ID
NUMBER
NAME
VARCHAR2(15)
SQL> SELECT current_scn, TO_CHAR(SYSTIMESTAMP, 'DD-MON-YY HH24:MI:SS') from v$database;

CURRENT_SCN TO_CHAR(SYSTIMESTA
----------- -----------------855682 20-MAY-14 12:30:15
SQL> alter table tab1 add constraint pkid primary key(id);

Table altered.

*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01466: unable to read data - table definition has changed
CANNOT USE FLASHBACK TABLE ON SYS OBJECTS

SQL> select current_scn,to_char(SYSTIMESTAMP,'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS') from v$database;
----------- ------------------857638 2014-05-20 13:48:03
SQL> insert into tab2 values(1);

1 row created.
SQL> insert into tab2 values(2);
1 row created.
SQL> commit;
Commit complete.
SQL> select current_scn, to_char(SYSTIMESTAMP,'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS') from v$database;

----------- ------------------857657 2014-05-20 13:48:55
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-08185: Flashback not supported for user SYS

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FLASHBACK VERSION QUERY

SQL> desc tab1;

----------- ----------------- -------NO

SQL> SELECT current_scn, TO_CHAR(SYSTIMESTAMP, 'DD-MON-YY HH24:MI:SS') TIMESTAMP from v$database;

current_scn, TO_CHAR(SYSTIMESTAMP, 'DD-MON-YY HH24:MI:SS') TIMESTAMP from v$database;

SQL> delete from tab1;

# TIMESTAMP BETWEEN 18:31:23 Vs 18:31:52

COLUMN versions_startscn FORMAT 99999999999999999

DSCRPTN from tab1

------------------ -------------------- ----------------- ----------------- ------------

TIMESTAMP BETWEEN 18:30:28 Vs 18:31:52

DSCRPTN from tab1

VERSIONS BETWEEN TIMESTAMP TO_TIMESTAMP('09-MAY-14 18:30:28','DD-MON-YY HH24:MI:SS')

----------------- --------- --------- -------------

SQL> SELECT current_scn, TO_CHAR(SYSTIMESTAMP, 'DD-MON-YY HH24:MI:SS') TIMESTAMP from v$database;

SQL> SELECT current_scn, TO_CHAR(SYSTIMESTAMP, 'DD-MON-YY HH24:MI:SS') TIMESTAMP from v$database;

SQL> SELECT current_scn, TO_CHAR(SYSTIMESTAMP, 'DD-MON-YY HH24:MI:SS') TIMESTAMP from v$database;

# TIMESTAMP BETWEEN 19:46:06 Vs

# TIMESTAMP BETWEEN 19:45:33 Vs

------------------ ------------------------ ------------------ -------------- ----------------

SQL> insert into tab1 (no , tmstmp) values (1,sysdate);

670678 09-MAY-14 23:01:24

update tab1 set DSCRPTN='two' where no=2;

670696 09-MAY-14 23:02:09

SQL> insert into tab1 (no , tmstmp) values (3,sysdate);

SQL> insert into tab1 (no , tmstmp) values (4,sysdate);

SQL> SELECT current_scn, TO_CHAR(SYSTIMESTAMP, 'DD-MON-YY HH24:MI:SS')TIMESTAMP from v$database;

----------- -----------------670718 09-MAY-14 23:03:02

SQL> delete from tab1 where no=4;

SQL> SELECT current_scn, TO_CHAR(SYSTIMESTAMP, 'DD-MON-YY HH24:MI:SS') TIMESTAMP from v$database;

670730 09-MAY-14 23:03:27

# SCN 670678 AND 670718

------------------ ------------------------ ------------------ ------------------------ ---------------- 670713

# SCN 670656 AND 670730

------------------ ------------------------ ------------------ ------------------------ --------- -------0500050025010000

Oracle provides a variety of metadata with each version of our data.

Transaction ID of the transaction that created this version.

Operation Performed . I Insert , U Update , D Delete.

SCN of the first version

Timestamp of the first version

SCN of the last version

Timestamp of the last version

undo_retention will result in ORA-30052: invalid lower limit snapshot expression.

FLASHBACK TRANSACTION QUERY

------------------------------------ ----------- ---------undo_management

SQL> select * from tab1;

SQL> select current_scn, to_char(SYSTIMESTAMP,'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS') "TIMESTAMP"

----------- ------------------773162 2014-05-18 00:01:59

SQL> insert into tab1 values(1,'sam','sam@orcl.com');

SQL> insert into tab1 values(2,'rose','rose@orcl.com');

SQL> update tab1 set email='sam@gmail.com' where id=1;

SQL> update tab1 set email='rose@gmail.com' where id=2;

SQL> delete from tab1 where id=1;

SQL> select current_scn,to_char(SYSTIMESTAMP,'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS') from v$database;

SQL> select versions_starttime stime,versions_endtime endtime,versions_xid xid,

when versions_operation = 'I' then 'INSERT'

when versions_operation = 'U' then 'UPDATE'

when versions_operation = 'D' then 'DELETE'

versions between timestamp minvalue and maxvalue

---------------------- ---------------------- ---------------- ---------- ---------18-MAY-14 12.03.26 AM

UNDO_SQL for INSERT OPERATION

SQL> select operation, logon_user, undo_sql FROM flashback_transaction_query

---------- ----- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------INSERT

delete from "SAM"."TAB1" where ROWID = 'AAAM/6AAEAAAAGEAAB';

delete from "SAM"."TAB1" where ROWID = 'AAAM/6AAEAAAAGEAAA';