Science Assignment 1st Semester Paper Style

Ex - 1 Mcq
( 20 )
Ex 2 A) Answer in one sentence ( any 12 )
( 12 )
Ex - 2 B) Define
( any 4 )
(4)
Ex - 2 C) Identify
( any 4 )
(4)
Ex - 3 A) Answer in Brief
( any 4 )
(8)
Ex - 3 B) Difference
( any 3 )
(6)
Ex - 3 C) Classify
(2)
Ex 4 A) Answer in Detail
( any 3 )
(9)
Ex - 4 B) Give reasons
( any 3 )
(6)
Ex 4 C) Experiment
(3)
EX - 5 Short note
( any 2 )
( 6)
Ex.1 Choose the correct option:1. What is the layer of air surrounding the earth?
A. Weather B. Climate C. Environment D. Atmosphere
2. Up to how many kilometers high from the surface of the earth
is
atmosphere spread?
A. 80 B. 100 C. 180 D. 800
3. How many newton weight of air act on one sq cm of our body
part?
A. 80 B. 40 C. 30 D. 9.8
4. Which instrument is used to measure air pressure?
A. Thermometer B.Thermograph C. Barometer D. Voltameter
5. What change occurs in the air pressure as we go higher from
the surface of the earth?
A. Pressure increases B. Pressure decreases
C. Pressure remains constant D. Cannot be said definitely
6. Which is a reproductive organ of a flower?
A. Leaf B. Stem C. Root D. Flower
7. Which is a structure on which flower remains arranged called?
A. Stigma B. Receptacle C. Androecium D. Gynoecium
8. Who protects the flower during its budding stage?
A. Corolla B. Calyx C. Androecium D. Gynoecium
9. Wherein are pollen grains produced?
A. Pollen tube B. Anther C. Style D. Stigma
10. What is the cushion-like part on the top of the carpel called?
A. Receptacle B. Stigma C. Style D. Ovary

11 What is the basal swollen portion of the carpel called?

A. Stigma B. Style C. Ovary D. Ovule
12. To what does stigma belong?
A. Stamen B. Carpel C. Anther D. Pollen tube
13. Which of the following is a fleshy fruit?
A. Kidney bean B. Ladys Finger C. Tomato D. Pea
14. Which of the following is a dry fruit?
A. Mango B. Coconut C. Cotton D. Jamun
15. Which of the following is a caryopsis?
A. Cotton B. Ladys Finger C. Cowpea(Chola) D. Maize
What is the use of harvester?
A. To lough the land B. To spray insecticide to crop
C. To harvest the crop D. To separate cereals and pulses
16 What is necessary to produce plants of good quality in
horticulture?
A. Net house B. Grafting C. Hybrid seeds D. Hybridization
17. In which method of irrigation is the wastage of water of
minimum?
A. Furrow irrigation method B. Sprinkler irrigation method
C. Dorian irrigation method D. Drip irrigation method
18. Which is method of growing plants without soil?
A. Kitchen garden B. Horticulture C. Hydroponics
D.
Traditional farming
19. Which of the following is not a method of hydroponic
agriculture?
A. Water culture method B. Sand culture method
C. Gravel culture method D. Horticulture method
20. Which micro organism is responsible for eczema?
A. Protozoa B. Fungi C. Bacteria D. Virus
21. Which disease is caused by protozoa?
A. Dysentery B. Measles C. Tuberculosis D. Ringworm
22. Which disease is caused by bacteria?
A. Chickenpox B. Jaundice C. Typhoid D. Tuberculosis
23. Which disease is caused by virus?
A. Dysentery B. Jaundice C. Typhoid D. Pneumonia
24. Which disease is caused by fungi?
A. Dysentery B. Cholera C. Rabies D. Eczema
25. Which disease is almost eradicated from the world?
A. Malaria B. Tuberculosis C. Small pox D. Cholera

26. Vaccine against which disease was invented by Dr Edward

Jenner?
A. Cholera B. Polio C. Small pox D. Tuberculosis
27. From which algae is agar-agar, useful as a thickening material,
prepared?
A. Gellidium B. Anabel C. Stockton D. Spirograph
28. Which microorganism is the connecting link between living
and non living?
A. Protozoan B. Fungus C. Virus D. Bacterium
29. Which microorganism causes AIDS?
A. Bacterium B. Fungus C. Protozoan D. Virus
30. Which system coordinates the different functions occurring in
the body?
A. Circulatory system B. Nervous system
C. Digestive system D. Respiratory system
31. What is a rope-like part of nerve tissue that project from
beneath the brain?
A. Spinal cord B. Vertebral column C. Nerve fiber D. Capillaries
32. Who governs the reflex actions?
A. Fore brain B. Hind brain C. Mid brain D. Spinal cord.
33. Which test is quickly perceived by the tip of the tongue?
A. Salty B. Bitter C. Sweet D. Sour
34. What is aperture behind the cornea called?
A. Lens B. Retina C. Pupil D. Optic nerve
35. On what is the image of an object formed in the eye?
A. Optic lens B. Optic nerve C. Retina D Pupil
36. Which part of the eye has its structure resembling a convex
lens?
A. Optic lens B. Retina C. Pupil D. Cornea
37. Which of the following is not an endocrine gland?
A. Kidney B. Testes C. Ovary D. Pancreas
38. Which gland is located on the head region?
A. Thyroid B. Pancreas C. Adrenal D. Pituitary
39. Which gland produces progesterone hormone?
A. Pancreas B. Thyroid. C. Ovary D. Testis
40 Which of the following is an artificial fiber ?
A Cotton B Silk C Acrylic D Jute
41 Which of the following fibers is used in textile industries ?
A Plastic B Acrylic C Terylene D Rubber

42 Which type of plastic is used in used footwear ?

A Bakelite B Polythene C Melamine D Polyvinyl Chloride
43 Which plastic is used to prepare milk bags ?
A Polythene B Polystyrene C Polyvinyl Chloride
D Bakelite
44 Which plastic is used to prepare light switches ?
A Polyvinyl Chloride B Bakelite C Melamine
D Polythene
45 Which substance is added to natural rubber to prepare
vulcanized rubber by heating ?
A Carbon B Sulphur C Silica D Washing Soda
46 Which substance is used in the manufacture of glass ?
A Silica B Common salt C Sulfur D Carbon
47 Which type of glass is very strong ?
A Optical Glass B Bulletproof Glass
C Photochemical Glass D Glass wool
48 Which glass is used as a sunlight protective glass ?
A Optical Glass B Bulletproof Glass
C Photochromic Glass D Glass wool
49 Which type of glass is used in the manufacture of endoscope ?
A Toughened Glass B Glass wool C Optical Fiber
D
Photochemical Glass
50 Which of the following is an amphibian ?
A Snake B Chameleon C Frog D Rat
51 By which organ does fish get oxygen dissolved in water ?
A Fin B Gill C Mouth D Lungs
52 How many air sacs are there in the body of birds ?
A Three B Five C Seven D Nine
53 Which organs of birds got modified into
wings ?
A Forelimbs B Hind limbs C Fins D Air sacs
54 Which type of animal is chameleon ?
A Desert dwellers B Burrowing C Arboreal
D domestic
55 Which animal possesses the characteristics of changing color ?
A Chameleon B Squirrel C Rat D Snake
56 In which type of plants is leaf transformed into spine ?
A Hydrophobic
B Saprophytic
C Xerophytes
D Insectivorous
57 Which of the following is a hydrophyte plant ?

A Carina B Date-Palm C Hydrilla D Sisyphus

58 Which of the following is a Xerophytic plant ?
A Seem B Vince C Traps D Acacia
59 Which animal hibernates and tittivates ?
A Frog B Allocates C Camel D Fish
60 When is the refraction of light ray occur ?
A When there is an obstacle in the path of light .
B When the medium of the path of light changes .
C When the light fluctuates .
D When the light reflects after colliding with an
opaque surface
.
61 How many times is the velocity of light in vacuum as
compared to water ?
A 2 B. c. 4/3 d.
62 What is the absolute refractive index of water .
A 1.0 B 1.5 c. 4/3 d. 5/4
63 What is the absolute refractive index of ordinary glass ?
A 1.25 B 1.33 C 1.5 D 2.4
64 Which of the following has the highest refractive index ?
A Water B Glass C Air D Diamond
65 Which symbol is used for refractive index ?
As Bn Cr Di
66 For which angle of incidence of an incident ray on a glass slab
will the ray not refract ?
A 0 degree B 30 degree C 45 degree D 60 degree
67 How many faces does a prism have ?
A3B4C5D6
Ex 2 [A] Answer in a sentence
Q.1 What is atmosphere?
A.1 The layer of air that exists up to 800km from the earths
surface is called atmosphere.
Q.2 What is the pressure of air at the sea level?
A.2 The pressure of air at the sea level is 9.8 N per sq cm.
Q.3 What is the use of barometer?
A.3 Barometer is used to measure air pressure.
Q.4 How is the air pressure in the inflated balloon as
compared to the atmospheric pressure?
A.4 Air pressure in the inflated balloon is more as compared to the
atmospheric pressure.

Q.5 State a unit to measure atmospheric pressure?

A.5 Unit to measure atmospheric pressure is Bar.
Q.6 Which is the most beautiful organ of the plant?
A.6 Flower is the most beautiful organ of the plant.
Q.7 What is the stalk like part of the flower called?
A.7 The stalk like part of the flower is called peduncle.
Q.8 Which is the male reproductive organ of the flower?
A.8 The male reproductive organ of the flower is Andromache.
Q.9 Which part of the flower is formed of fragrant petals?
A.9 Corolla is formed of fragrant petals.
Q.10 Which is the female reproductive organ of the
flower?
A.10 Gynoecium is the female reproductive organ of the flower.
Q.11 On which region of carpel are pollen grains of anther
taken in the process of pollination?
A.11 On stigma region of carpel pollen grains of anther are taken
in during the process of pollination.
Q.12 Which insects are helpful in pollination?
A.12 Butterfly, bee, honeybee are helpful in pollination.
Q.13 Which are the carriers of pollen grains?
A.13 Wind, water, insects, birds and bats are the carriers of pollen
grains.
Q.14 What is formed by the development of ovule after
the fertilization in flower?
A.14 Seed is formed by the development of ovule after the
fertilization in flower.
Q.15 What is formed by the development of ovary after
the fertilization in flower?
A.15 Fruit is formed by the development of ovary after the
fertilization in flower.
16 Which equipment is used to separate seeds from its
cob?
A.16 Thresher is used to separate seeds from its cob.
Q.17 Which instrument is used to spray insecticides?
A.17 Sprayer is used to spray insecticides.
Q.18 Which modern mechanical equipment is used to
harvest crops in large fields?
A.18 Harvester is used to harvest crops in large fields.
Q.19 Where can kitchen garden be made?

A.19 Kitchen garden can be made in a space around the house or

school.
Q.20 How can be hybrid seeds be produced?
A 20 Hybrid seeds can be produced through hybridization buy
artificial
pollination in plants.
Q.21 What type of production can be taken with the help
of grafting method?
A.21 Maximum production with better quality can be taken with
the help ofgrafting method.
Q.22 Which method is more suitable for irrigation in
garden?
A.22 Sprinkler irrigation is more suitable for irrigation in garden.
Q.23 Which microorganism is responsible for scabies?
A.23 Fungus is responsible for scabies.
Q.24 Which microorganism is responsible for dysentery?
A.24 Protozoa is responsible for dysentery.
Q.25 By whom is cholera caused?
A.25 Cholera is caused by bacteria named vireo chlorate.
Q.26 By whom is jaundice caused?
A.26 Jaundice is caused by virus.
Q.27 Against which disease does BCG vaccine provide
protection?
A.27 BCG vaccine provides protection against tuberculosis.
Q.28 By whom is the tuberculosis caused?
A.28 Tuberculosis is caused by bacteria named bacterium
tuberculosis.
Q.29 Which protozoan causes malaria?
A.29 Spasmodic causes malaria.
Q.30 Who spreads the disease malaria?
A.30 Female anopheles mosquito spreads disease malaria.
Q.31 Give names of two diseases caused by bacteria.
A.31 Two diseases caused by bacteria are tuberculosis and
typhoid.
Q.32 Give names of two diseases caused by virus.
A.32 Two diseases caused by virus are jaundice, cold, AIDS, polio
etc.
Q.33 What is a mushroom?
A.33 Mushroom is one type of mold.

Q.34 Which protozoan causes amoebic dysentery?

A.34 Amoeba causes amoebic dysentery.
Q.35 What is the shape of paramecium?
A.35 The shape of paramecium is slipper shape.
Q.36 Which bacteria are responsible for typhoid?
A.36 Salmonella Typhoon is responsible for typhoid.
Q.37 Which fungus is used for fermentation to prepare
idle and soda?
A.37 Yeast is used for fermentation to prepare idle and soda.
Q.38 State the full name of TMV.
A.38 The full name of TMV is Tobacco Mosaic Virus.
Q.39 Who invented the vaccine for rabies?
A.39 Lew Pasture invented the vaccine for rabies.
Q.40 Which organs are included in the central nervous
system?
A.40 Brain and spinal cord are included in the central nervous
system.
Q.41 What are the sensory organs?
A.41 We feel the heat, cold, pain, taste, smell, and also the
presence or absence of light. These all are known as sense. We
use different organs of our body to feel these type of external
changes occurring in our surrounding. These types of organs are
known as sensory organs.
Q.42. Rub your palms against each other and put them on
your cheek. What do you feel?
A.42. Heat of the palm warms the cheek when we rub our palms
against each other and put them on our cheek.
Q.43. On the quantity of which substance under the skin
does the color of skin depends?
A.43 The color of the skin depends on melanin.
Q.44 What are the special type of cells located on the
inner side of the nose for recognizing smell called?
A.44 The special type of cells located on the inner side of the nose
for recognizing smell are called olfactory cells.
Q 45. State the three main parts of the ear.
A.45. The three main parts of the ear are external ear, internal
ear, and middle ear.
Q.46. State the function of pupil.

A.46 The function of pupil is it focuses the light rays on the lens
and controls the amount of light entering the eye.
Q.47 In which part of the eye are photo sensory cells
found?
A.47 Photo sensory cells are found in retina.
Q.48 Who performs the function of making the optic lens
thick or thin?
A.48 The function of making optic lens thick or thin is of ancillary
muscles.
Q.49 Where is insulin hormone produced?
A.49 Insulin hormone is produced in pancreas.
Q.50 Which energy gets transformed into which energy
when a ball or toy car is released from the slope?
A.50 When a ball or toy car is released from the slope potential
energy gets converted into kinetic energy.
Q.51 Which energy is associated with the stretched bow?
A.51 Potential energy is associated with the stretched bow.
Q.52 What is called mechanical energy?
A.52 The summation of the potential energy and the kinetic
energy of the object is called mechanical energy.
Q.53 During daytime green plants prepare their food by
the process of photosynthesis. Which energy is
transformed into which in this process?
A.53 Solar energy is transformed into chemical energy during
daytime when green plants prepare their food by the process of
photosynthesis.
Q.54 Which energy is associated with the fuel?
A.54 Chemical energy is associated with the fuel.
Q.55 Which is the fundamental source of energy?
A.55 Sun is the fundamental source of energy.
Q.56 Which form of energy is transformed into which
another form when the motorcycle is running?
A.56 Chemical energy is transformed into kinetic energy when the
motorcycle is running.
Q.57 Which device converts chemical energy into electrical
energy?
A.57 Cell converts chemical energy into electrical energy.
58 Give four names of man made materials ?

A58 Four names of man made materials are fibers, plastic,

rubber, glass .
59 How are artificial fibers prepared ?
A59 Artificial fibers prepared after performing chemical reactions .
60 Give four names of artificial fibers .
A60 Four names of artificial fibers are nylon , terylene , acrylic
and rayon .
61 Which type of plastic is used in making raincoat ?
A61 Polyvinyl Chloride is used in making raincoat .
62 Which type of plastic is used as a heat-resistant
material in the hollow walls of refrigerator ?
A62 Polystyrene is used as a heat-resistant material in the hollow
walls of refrigerator .
63 Mention two uses of Melamine .
A63 Two uses of Melamine are :
(1) It is used in preparing crockery ,unbreakable cups and
saucers, different types of trays .
(2) It is used in preparation of certain parts of hydroplane engine
64 What is Neoprene ?
A64 The artificial rubber which has no effect of inflammable
substances like acid and petrol and remains unaltered is called
neoprene .
65 Which substance are used in manufacture of glass ?
A65 The substance are used in manufacture of glass are a
mixture of silica (sand), sodium carbonate (soda ash) and
limestone .
66 Mention the use of photochemical glass ?
A66 Photochemical glass is used in instrument made for
prevention of sunlight .It is also used in goggles .
67 Mention the use of bullet proof glass ?
A67 This is very strong hence it is used in hydroplanes and
windows of some vehicles .
68 Mention the full form of PVC .
A68 The full form of PVC is Polyvinyl Chloride .
69 What are called terrestrials ?
A69 Animals living on land are called terrestrials .
70 To which class do bee and mosquito belong ?
A70 Bee and mosquito are classified as insects .
71 In which function do fins helpful to fish ?

A71 Fins help fish to swim .

72 In which function is the tail useful to birds ?
A72 Tail helps birds to balance the body .
73 What are called mesophytes ?
A73 Plants which require adequate amount of water are called
mesophytes .
74 What is aestivation in animals ?
A74 During summers frog goes underground .This is called
summer sleep or aestivation .
75 Animals living in which region have abundant soft hair
on their bodies ?
A76 Animals living in cold region have abundant soft hair on their
bodies to keep them warm .
77 What type of stem does opuntia have ?
A77 The stem of opuntia is green and fleshy which can store
water and food .
78 What is the relationship between the measure of the
angle of incidence and measure of the angle of refraction
when an oblique ray of light enters water from air ?
A78 The measure of the angle of incidence is more than angle of
reflection .
79 What is the velocity of light in vacuum ?
A79 The velocity of light in vacuum is 3,00,000 km/s
80 What is the velocity of light in water ?
A80 The velocity of light in water is 2,25,000 km/s .
81 What is the refractive index ?
A81 The quantity by which the refraction of light is measured is
called the refractive index .
82 What is the velocity of light in glass of index 1.5 ?
A 82 The velocity of light in glass of index 1.5 is 2,00,000 km/s .
83 State the unit of refractive index ?
A83 Refractive index has no unit .
84 What is the angle formed between incident ray and
emergent ray in a prism called ?
A84 The angle formed between incident ray and emergent ray in
a prism is called angle of deviation .
Ex 2 [B] Define
1. Pollination- Migration of pollen grains from stamen to stigma
of a

carpel is called pollination.

2. Self- Pollination- Pollination taking place within the flower of
the same plant is called self pollination.
3. Cross-Pollination- Pollination taking place within the flower of
two
different plants of the same species is called cross pollination.
4. Fertilization- Male gamete traveling within the pollen tube
binds with the egg cell of ovary. This process is called fertilization.
5. Net house- A net is tied on the sides and also on the top of
the farm to protect the plants against heat. This is called net
house.
6. Hybrid seeds- Seeds obtained from the plants on which
hybridization is done by artificial pollination is called hybrid
seeds.
7. Potential energy- The energy possessed by an object due to
its position is called potential energy.
8. Kinetic energy- The energy possessed by an object due to its
motion is called kinetic energy.
9 AviansAnimals whose forelimbs are converted into wings and
those who have bones which can fly in air are known as avian .
10 Amphibians Animals which can live on land as well as in
water are known as amphibians .
11 Adaptation Changes occurring in the structure of an
organism to cope up successfully with the changing environment
are called adaptations .
12 Xerophytes Plants which can survive in very less availability
of water a called xerophytes .
Ex 2 [C] Identify
1. I am the most beautiful organ of the plant. Flower
2. Flowers are arranged on me. Receptacle
3. I protect the flower in bud condition. Calyx
4. I am the colorful part of the flower and also full of fragrance.
Corolla
5. I am the most beautiful and attractive part of the flower.
Corolla
6. I am a male sex cell of the flower. Pollen grains
7. I am the system formed by brain, spinal cord and nerves.
Nervous
system.

8. I perform the function of conducting messages in both the

directions.
Mixed nerves
9. I protect the spinal cord. Vertebral column
10. I am the endocrine gland located in the neck. Thyroid gland
11. I am the endocrine gland located in the head. Pituitary
gland
12. I am the hormone who regulates the menstrual cycle in
women. Progesterone
Ex 3 [A] Answer in brief .
Q.1 A rubber sucker is released after pressing it on a
smooth glass. It sticks to the glass. What is the reason for
this?
A.1 A rubber sucker is released after pressing it on a smooth
glass. It sticks to the glass because when the rubber is pressed
the air comes out so the pressure inside the rubber sucker
decreases while the outer air pressure is more.
Q.2 Why does the bicycle tube burst if excess of air is
filled in it?
A.2 When excess of air is filled in the bicycle tube the pressure of
air inside the tube increases as compared to the atmospheric
pressure. So the wall of the tube cannot stand with the pressure.
As a result the tube burst and the air moves out.
Q.3 Where do you use air pressure in your day- to - day
life? Give four examples.
A.3 We use air pressure in the following activities:1). To drink cold drinks with the help of a straw.
2). To fill air in the bicycle tube with the help of a cycle pump.
3). To fill ink in the pen with the help of an ink filler.
4). Inflating balloons.
5). Flushing toilets.
6). Cleaning through vacuum cleaner.
7). Watering lawns with sprinklers.
Q.4 Give four names of devices working on air pressure?
A.4 Names of devices working on air pressure are:1). Air pressure is used in inflating treys.
2). Drinking through straw.
3). Inflating balloons.

4) Flushing toilets.
5). Watering lawns through sprinklers.
6). Cleaning through vacuum cleaners.
Q.5 State the name of parts of flower?
A.5 The name of parts of flower are peduncle, receptacle, calyx,
corolla,
gynoecium and Androecium.
Q.6 State the functions of calyx and corolla.
A.6 The functions of calyx and corolla are corolla attracts insects
for pollination
and calyx protects the flower during its budding stage.
Q.7 Name the parts of stamen and carpel.
A.7 Parts of stamen are filament and anther. Parts of carpel are
stigma, style and ovary.
Q.8 Explain pollination occurring by insects.
A.8 Insects like butterfly, bee and honeybee are attracted by the
colorful and fragrant petals of the flower and pollen grains stick
to their body. When these insects move within flowers or between
plants pollination occurs.
Q.9 Where is the tractor used in agriculture?
A.9 Tractor is one of the most important vehicle as well as tool in
agriculture. Various equipments and tools are attached to it to do
many
tasks like cutting the grass, leveling the ground, spraying
insecticides,
sowing seeds, harrowing and tilling.
Q.10 Why are modern equipments used in agriculture?
A.10 Modern equipments are used in agriculture because:1). Due to rising population demand for agricultural products is
rising.
2). Higher productivity is demanded in agriculture.
3). Modern equipments saves time and energy so they are used in
agriculture.
Q.11 Which plants can be grown in kitchen garden?
A.11 Plants that can be grown in kitchen garden are goose berry
(lama),
drum stick tree (Saragossa), sweet nee in land surround your
house or

school. Broad bean, bottle gourd, bitter gourd, amaranths,

spinach, chilly, bridal, tomatoes etc can be grown.
Q.12 Explain the usefulness of net house.
A.12 1). Direct extreme heat of the sun can harm or destroy
plants.
2). In net house net serves as barrier and hence reduces the
intensity
of heat that the plants receive from sun.
3). This reduces the temperature and plants grow healthily in
moderate
temperature.
4.) Net house is generally used for germination of seedlings and
grow
crops like tomato and it also helps to produce fertilizer like wormy
compost.
Q.13 What are microorganisms? Name their five types.
A.13 Small minute organisms which cannot be seen with our
naked eyes are called microorganisms. There are five types of
microorganisms. They are:1. Fungi 2. Protozoa 3. Bacteria 4. Virus 5. Algae
Q.14 Give two symptoms of dysentery.
A.14 Two symptoms of dysentery are:1. Pain in abdomen.
2. Frequent motion with blood and pus.
3. Weakness is felt.
Q.15 Give two symptoms of jaundice.
A.15 Two symptoms of jaundice are:1. Loss of appetite.
2. Nausea and vomiting occurs.
3. Skin and eyes appears yellowish.
Q.16 How are protozoa harmful?
A.16 Protozoa are harmful in following ways:1. Amoeba is responsible for causing amoebic dysentery.
2. Plasmodium is responsible for causing malaria.
3. Elephantiasis is also caused by them.
Q.17 Why do we wear woolen clothes during winter?
A.17 In winter the climate is cold. Skin gives sensation of coolness
to brain. So we feel cold. Woolen clothes protect us from cold. So
we wear woolen clothes in winter.

Q.18 Name the organ included in each of the three parts

of the human nervous system.
A.18 1. Brain 2. Spinal cord3. Nerves 4. Eyes
5. Ears 6. Nose7. Tongue and 8. Skin.
Q.19 State any two functions of the brain.
A.19 Any two functions of brain are:1. It controls all the activities of the body.
2. Fore brain possess the centers for the functions like speech,
thoughts, memory and identification.
3. Mid brain balances the body.
4. Hind brain controls the involuntary functions.
5. Brain also possesses centers for the activities like listening,
smelling and tasting.
Q.20 State two examples of reflex actions.
A.20 Two examples of reflex actions are:1. Blinking of an eye, when a particle of dust touches our eyes.
2. Taking away of ones hand while touching any hot thing.
Q.21 How does a toy with the key function?
A.21 The toys with keys have a spring. When we wind the spring
with the key the toy gains potential energy. When we stop winding
the key the toys potential energy gets converted into kinetic
energy and so the toy starts playing. When the spring is fully
unwind the toy stops.
Q.22 Why does a bullet fired from the gun penetrate in the
wood?
A.22 A bullet fired from a gun has tremendous kinetic energy. The
velocity (speed) of bullet is very high. Because of high velocity
and kinetic energy the bullet penetrates the wood.
Q.23 Give four examples of objects possessing potential
energy.
A.23 Four examples of objects possessing potential energy are:1. Water stored in dam.
2. Stretched rubber.
3. Winded clock or toy.
4. Rock on the mountain.
Q.24 State the three uses of light energy.
A.24 Three uses of light energy are:1. With the help of light energy plants prepare their food through
the process of photosynthesis.

2. Light energy is used for cooking food with the help of solar
cooker.
3. Light energy is used to heat water with the help of water
heater.
Q.25 Give two examples of sound energy.
A.25 Two examples of sound energy are:1. Bursting of fire crackers.
2. Blowing horn of vehicles.
Q.26 Where is the solar energy used in your village/city?
A.26 The solar energy used in our village/city are as follows:1. It is used to run solar water heater.
2. To run solar lights.
3. To run solar cookers.
4. To dry moist crops.
5. To dry clothes.
6. It is used to run calculators and wrist watches.
Q.27 State the various forms of energy.
A.27 The various forms of energy are kinetic energy, mechanical
energy, heat energy, sound energy, chemical energy, electrical
energy, solar energy, tidal energy, ego thermal energy, potential
energy etc.
Q - 28 Write two properties and two uses of Nylon .
Ans 28 Two properties of Nylon are :
(1) It looks like silk .
(2) It is strong and hard and also water resistant
Two uses of Nylon are :
(1) To make cloth, socks strings , ropes strings for treys, carpets,
fishing net and cloth for para suits .
Q - 29 Write two properties and uses of Terylene .
Ans 29 Two properties of terylene are
1) These fibers do not absorb any water hence after washing
clothes they dry up very fast .
Two uses of Terylene are
1) The uses of Terylene are it is used to prepare shirts, sarees and
in the preparation of cloth for other garments, water-pipes and in
the preparation of sails for boats .
Q - 30 Mention characteristic of thermoplastic?
Ans. 30 Characteristic of thermoplastic are

(1) It becomes soft by heating at normal temperature but while

cooling it regains its original state.
(2) It can be bent even it is hard.
Q - 31 . Mention the uses of rubber in general?
Ans 31 . Uses of rubber in general are:1) It is used in bicycle tubes and tires.
2) It doormats.
3) As rubber bands for hair.
4) Used in ring for pressure-cooker.
(5) Used as eraser.
Q - 32 . Write the uses of neoprene?
Ans 32 Uses of neoprene are:1) Neoprene is used in preparation of electrical cables, machine
belts, pipes to draw crude oil, conveyer belts and in the roller of
printing machines.
Q - 33 . Mention the various types of glass?
Ans. 33 Various types of glass are:- colorful glass, transparent
glass, bulletproof glass, optical fibers, Photochromic glass, glass
wool fibers[wool of glass], Toughen glass.
Q - 34. Write the general properties of glass?
Ans.34 The general properties of glass are.
1) It is a transparent substance.
2)Generally it is brittle.
Q- 35 What are the similarities in shape of boat and fish ?
Why ?
Ans 35The similarities in shape of boat and fish are :---(1) Both have aerodynamic shape .
(2) They are narrow at anterior and posterior ends and swollen in
the middle .
(3) This type of shape helps them to reduce the resistance of
water and thus they can swim swiftly in water .
Q - 36 Why do different birds show different shapes of
beak ?
Ans 36 The food habits of birds is different . Some birds feed on
grass , some on grains , some on insects and some on meat .
Meat eating birds need sharp beaks where areas grass or grains
eating birds do not .Hence due to the changes in food habits birds
have beaks of different shape .

Q 37 Why does the upper surface of leaf is smooth and

the lower surface of leaf is rough ?
Ans The upper smooth surface of leaf does not allow snow and
water to accumulate where areas lower surface contains stomata
which is rough .
Q 38 How does chameleon protect itself ?
Ans Chameleon protects itself by changing its color according to
the color of surrounding .
Q- 39 Mention the adaptations of burrowing animals ?
Ans The adaptations of burrowing animals are :1) The body is cylindrical .
2)Eyes are less developed .
3) Limbs are small or they have no limbs .
Q 40 Write the causes, symptoms and preventive
measures for
malaria.
Causes: - Caused by plasmodium .
Symptoms:- 1.Fever with shivering. 2. Body ache and head ache.
Preventive measures:- 1. Growth of mosquitoes should be
prevented. 2. Take care that mosquitoes do not bite. 3. Water
should not accumulate around the house.

Ex 3 [B] Difference
Calyx and Corolla
Calyx
1. Small green leaf like
structure in the outermost
part of the flower is sepals.
Sepals together form
calyx.
2. Calyx protects the flower
during
its budding stage.

Corolla
1. Colorful, most attractive
part with fragrance in a
flower is corolla. Petals
together form corolla.
2.Corolla attracts insects for
Pollination.

2 Gynoecium and Androecium

Gynoecium
Androecium
1.All the carpels together are
1. All the stamens together are
called gynoecium
called Androecium.
2.It is the female reproductive
2. It is the male reproductive
organ of the flower.
organ of the flower .

3 Traditional agriculture and Hydroponic agriculture

Traditional agriculture
Hydroponic
agriculture
1.It is traditional method of
1. It is advanced method of
agriculture.
agriculture.
. 2.It requires land.
2. It does not require land .
3.More water and fertilizers
3. It requires less water and
are needed.
fertilizers.
4
Fungi and Algae
Fungi
1.Fungi do not contain chlorophyll.
chlorophyll.
2.Fungi are hetrotrophic
.

Algae
1.Algae contain
2.They are autotrophic

5
Virus and Bacteria
Virus
Bacteria
1.Viruses can be seen with the
1. Bacteria can be seen with
the
help of electron microscope.
help of a compound
microscope.
2.Viruses are harmful for humans. 2.Bacteria are harmful as well
as useful.
6 potential energy and kinetic energy:Potential energy
1. The energy possessed by an
object due to its position is
called potential energy.
2. Potential energy depends on
height and weight.
3.For eg:- Water stored in a dam

Kinetic energy
1. The energy possessed by an
object due to its motion is
called
kinetic energy.
2. Kinetic energy depends on
speed and mass.
For eg:- Flowing water

7) Thermoplastic and Thermosetting Plastic

Thermoplastic
Thermosetting plastic
1. plastic which becomes soft
1. In spite of heating at a high

by heating at normal
temperature the plastic which
temperature but while cooling it do not become soft is called
regains its original state is
thermostatic plastic.
called thermoplastic .
2. for eg. Bakelite, melamine.
2. for eg. Polyvinyl
chloride,polystyrene, polythene.
8) Natural Rubber and Artificial rubber
Natural Rubber:Artificial Rubber
1. Natural rubber is obtained
1. Man made rubber is obtained
naturally fro m rubber tree.
by chemical reactions of natural
2. It is less durable strong and
rubber.
elastic then artificial rubber.
2. It is more durable, elastic and
strong then natural and artificial
rubber.
9) Xerophytes and Hydrophytes
Xerophytes
Hydrophytes
1 Plants that can grow in desert 1 Plants that can grow in water
are called xerophytes .
are called hydrophytes .
2 Roots are well developed .
2 Roots are poorly developed .
3 Leaves are few and small .
3 Leaves are big and broad .
4 E Zizyphus ,Acacia .
4 E Lotus , Trapa .
Ex 3 [C] Classify
1) Classify into dry fruits and fleshy fruits:{Groundnut, mango, bridal, gram, tomato, kidney bean,
unjam, pea, ladysfinger, grapes, cucumber, bitter gourd,
cotton, maize, lemon}
Fleshy Fruits Mango, bridal, tomato, unjam, grapes, cucumber,
lemon.
Dry Fruits Groundnut, gram, kidney bean,pea, ladys finger,
bitter gourd,cotton, maize
2)Classify into diseases caused by virus, protozoa and
bacteria.
{Common cold, plague, amoebic dysentery, pneumonia,
polio, cholera, measles, malaria, jaundice, typhoid, small
pox, influenza, leprosy}
Diseases caused by virus Common cold, Small pox, Jaundice,
Polio , Influenza ,Measles .
Diseases caused by protozoa Amoebic dysentery, Malaria .

Diseases caused by bacteria _ Plague, pneumonia, leprosy,

cholera, typhoid
3)Classify into man made and natural
[Lime, rock, glass, terylene, mineral oil, melamine, soil,
cement, plastic]
Natural materials :- Lime, Rock, mineral oil, soil.
Man made :- Glass, Terylene, melamine, plastic.
4)Classify into xerophytes , hydrophytes and mesophytes
[Sunflower , Capparis , Vallisneria , Zizyphus , Mango ,
Lotus , Calotropis , Date- Palm , Hydrilla ,Cactus , Money
plant , Seem ]
Xerophytes :-- Capparis, Zizyphus, Calotropis ,Date- Palm ,
Cactus .
Hydrophytes:-- Vallisneria , Lotus , Hydrilla , Money Plant
Mesophytes :-- Sunflower , Mango , Neem .
Ex 4 [A] Answer in Detail
Q.1 Explain gravel culture method in short.
A. First of all the roof of the building is covered with plastic and a
layer of soil (sand) is spread over it. To keep the plants erect,
layer of gravel is made over layer of sand. Plants are grown at a
proper distance in the gravel layer. Water having nutrients is
spread on these plants.
Q.2 Give four uses of fungi.
A. Four uses of fungi are:1. Yeast is useful for the fermentation for the preparation of food
like Dhokla, idle, Dhosa.
2. Yeast is also useful in preparations of bread, biscuits and cakes.
3. Penicillin is used to prepare antibiotics.
4. Fungus like mushroom can be used directly as food.
5. Cheese can be made tasteful by using fungus.
Q.3 Give four uses of bacteria.
A. Four uses of bacteria are:1. In the making of curd and cheese from milk.
2. It softens the hard muscles.
3. Helpful to animals in digesting plant materials.
4. Decomposition of complex structures into simple nutrients.
5. Helpful in making pretreatment for making leather goods.
6. Increase the fertility of the soil.

Q.4 Where are algae found? Of which colors are they?

A. Algae are found in fresh water, in oceans, in farms, on rocks, on
wall etc. They are also found in hot water streams, turbid water as
well as on the trunk of the trees. Algae may be brown in color and
they are of red color also.
Q.5 State the types of nerves and state the functions of
each type of nerve.
A. There are three types of nerves found in human body. They
are:1. Sensory nerves- They carry the messages from the different
part of the body to brain.
2. Motor nerves- They carry the messages from the brain to
different parts of the body.
3. Mixed nerves- They carry the messages in both the directions.
Q 6 State the law of conservation of energy:Ans Energy can neither be created nor destroyed; it is only
converted from one form to another form. Total energy in the
universe remains constant.
Q - 7 Give four examples of energy transformation:Ans The four examples of energy transformation are
1. When a ball is released from height potential energy is
converted into kinetic energy.
2. When candle is lighted, chemical energy is converted into heat
and light energy.
3. When electric iron is switched on electrical energy is converted
into heat energy.
4. During photosynthesis light energy is converted into chemical
energy.
Q 8 Write the uses of Bakelite and melamine?
Ans. Uses of Bakelite are :- It is useful in preparing telephones,
light switches and also electric instruments.
Melamine:- It is used in preparing crockery , unbreakable cups ,
and saucers ,different types of trays . It is also used in
preparation of certain parts of hydroplane engine.
Ex 4 [B] Give Reasons
1. We can drink cold drink from the bottle using a straw
because on sucking the air from the straw air pressure inside the
straw decreases. Outside air pressure acts in the cold drink inside
the bottle. This pressure is more so the cold drink moves up in the

straw. Hence we can drink cold drink from the bottle using a
straw.
2 Some flowers are colored and have fragrance- to attract
insects for
pollination.
3. The pollen grains are very light in weight and produced
in a large number in the flowers of wheat and maize
because many pollen grains are wasted.
4. Hybrid seeds should be used in agriculture because:1). Crop production increases.
2). Good varieties of crops can be obtained.
3). Problems of scarcity of food can be solved.
5. Bacteria are universal because- they are found
everywhere. In air, water, food, soil, in the body of animals as well
as on the plants. In all living and non living on the earth. They are
present in the entire environment. So they are universal.
6. It is necessary to give polio vaccine to the small
children because:1. Immune power of small children is weak.
2. A child becomes crippled because of polio.
3. Once occurred it cannot be cured by medicine.
4. Childs condition becomes pitiable.
5. Giving polio vaccine protects the child from that diseases.
6.Nylon fibers are used in fishing nets because- It is strong, hard
and water resistant.
8 We should use man made materials judicious becauseMan made materials are produced using natural resources. Manmade products are not used initially. We may need new products
very soon. Industries will require more natural resources for
production. This will adversely disturbed natural balance.
9 Fish can live in water :-- because
(1) Fish have aerodynamic shape helps it to move swiftly in
water .
(2) The body of the fish is covered by smooth sticky scales made
up of waxy material.
(3) Hence the body of the fish never becomes wet or decay even
if it leaves in water .
(4) Its fins and tail helps it to change direction .
10 Camel is known as the ship of desert because:---

(1) It can live for a long time without water and food .
(2) Its cushioned feet helps it walk in hot sand easily .
(3) It stores the fat in the hump which gives it energy when food
is not available .
11 Cactus can grow well in deserts because :-(1) Root system of this plant is well developed and reaches to
deeper layer of soil .
(2) Leaves are few and small to reduce the rate of transpiration .
(3) Leaves are changed into spines which protects the plants from
animals .
(4) Stems are green and fleshy which can store water and food
Ex 4 [C] Experiment
Describe an experiment to prove that air exerts pressure
from all
directions:Aim:- To prove that air exerts pressure from all the directions.
Apparatus and Materials:- A thin sheet metal tin with lid, stove
and water.
Figure :
Method:- 1. Take a thin sheet metal tin.
2.Fill it one forth with water.
3. Heat the tin on the stove keeping its lid open.
4. When the steam starts coming out of the tin take the tin down
and close it with lid.
5. Keep it for sometime and pour cold water on it.
6. Observe the tin.
Observation:- The tin gets crushed.
Conclusion:- Air exerts pressure from all directions
Ex 5 Short Note
1) Explain the process of fertilization in flowers with the
figure:Pollen grains reach stigma due to pollination. Pollen grains
develop pollen tube which reaches the ovary. Male gamete
traveling within the pollen tube binds with the egg cell of ovary.
This process is called fertilization. After fertilizationegg cell
converts into an embryo, ovules convert into seed and ovary
converts into fruit.

2) Write a short note on Water Culture Method:One PVC pipe is taken and holes are created at distance. Roots of
plants are kept in these pores. Water having minerals like K, Ca,
Fe, Mg, BO and Zn are flown in these pipes. Minerals and water
useful for the growth of the plants are provided by pipe. Excess
water is collected and flown again in the pipe. Thus water and
fertilizers can be saved.
3) State the usefulness of algae.
Ans . Algae are used as food in many countries.
2. It is also used to prepare filters, glass and china clay (used in
making of cup and saucers).
3 A freezing substance can be extracted from algae known as
jellied.
4.Algae give out oxygen during photosynthesis. .
Q.4 State four appliances using electrical energy and write
the type of energy transformation.
A. Four appliances using electrical energy and write the type of
energy transformation are as follows:1. When bulb is on electrical energy is transformed into light
energy.
2. When fan is on the electrical energy is transformed into
mechanical energy.
3. When electrical geyser is switched on electrical energy is
transformed into heat energy.
4. When electric bell is switched on electrical energy is
transformed into sound energy.
5 ) Give four examples of energy transformation:1. When a ball is released from height potential energy is
converted into kinetic energy.
2. When candle is lighted, chemical energy is converted into heat
and light energy.
3. When electric iron is switched on electrical energy is converted
into heat energy.
4. During photosynthesis light energy is converted into chemical
energy.
6) Write different steps you should take to save energy in
your day to day life.
1) Electrical appliances should be switched off when not needed.

2) Pulses should be soaked in water for few hours before cooking

it
3) Doors of refrigerator should not be opened again and again.
4) Food should be cooked in pressure cooker.
5) Vehicles should be serviced regularly.
6) Public transportation should be used instead of private
vehicles.
7) Properties of plastic
1) It is non- effective and water resistant hence it does not get
rusted and decayed.
2) it is a bad conductor of heat and non-conductor for electricity.
3) it is light in weight hence it is easily transferable from one
plate to another.
4) some plastic are elastic and hard.
8) Mention the adaptations of mesophytes plants .
The adaptations of mesophytes plants are as follows :-----(1) They grow in moderate amount of water .
(2) If more amount of water is available then the plants die due to
decaying .
(3) If they get less amount of water then they will burn due to the
heat .
(4) Roots of such plants are well developed .
(5) Stems are branched and strong .
(6) Stomata are found on both surfaces of the leaves for
transpiration .
9) Mention the aerial adaptations of birds
(1) The forelimbs of the birds are modified into wings .
(2) The bones , forming the skeleton , are spongy and light in
weight to reduce the body weight .
(3) They can fly easily in air due to their special type of shape .
(4) Tail is useful to balance the body .
(5) They fill their air sacs with air before flying which help them in
their flight . Birds possesses such nine air sacs .
10) Mention the adaptations of xerophytes
(1) Xerophytes grow in the desert where water is available in least
amount and climate is
very hot .

(2) Root system of this type of plant is well developed and

reaches to deep layers of soil .They can absorb the water from
deep soil .
(3) Leaves are few and small , to reduce the rat of transpiration .
(4) Some plants convert their leaves into spines.
5) Stem becomes green and fleshy in such plants , which can
store water and food . For eg Opuntia .
Q - 11) Write the laws of refraction of light .
Ans The laws of refraction of light are as follows
(1) Incident ray and refracted ray are on the opposite sides of the
normal and they are in the different media .
(2) When an oblique ray of light enters from rarer medium to
denser medium it slightly bends towards the normal and when it
enters from denser medium to rarer medium it bends slightly
away from the normal
(3) Incident ray , refracted ray and normal drawn to the surface at
the point of incidence are in the same plane .
(4) The ray which is incident perpendicular to the surface does not
get refracted .