Std VIII SS ASSIGNMENT 1ST SEM 2015-16

STYLE OF PAPER
MCQ 16
BLANKS 11
TRUE / FALSE 8
MATCH 8
ANSWER IN A SENTENCE 10
ANSWER IIN BRIEF 12
ANSWER IN DETAIL 15

Chapter-1 Arrival of Europeans in India

Q.1. CHOOSE THE CORRECT OPTION
1. Columbus was a native of _________________ .
A) England
B) Portugal
C) Italy
D) Spain
2. Which land did Columbus reach accidently when he started out to discover a new sea-route to
India?
A) America
B) Australia
C) Africa
D) New Zealand
3. Vasco-da-gama was a inhabitant of _______________.
A) Italy
B) Spain
C) France
D) Portugal
4. On which day did the ship of Vasco-da-gama reach Calicut port?
A) 22nd May, 1500
B) 12th March, 1492
nd
C) 22 May, 1498
D) 10th November, 1480
5. Where did the Portuguese first established a fort in year 1502 C.E.?
A) Calicut
B) Surat
C) Marmagoa
D) Mangalore
6. In which year did the Portuguese get victory over Goa?
A) 1498 C.E.
B) 1506 C.E.
C) 1510 C.E. D) 1500 C.E.
7. Which Mughal Emperor ruled over Delhi when Portuguese established fort on banks of river
Hugli in Bengal?
A) Aurangzeb
B) Akbar
C) Jahangir
D) Shahjahan
8. Which country did the Dutch people belong to?
A) Norway
B) Denmark
C) Sweden
D) Holland ( The Netherlands )
9. Against whom could the Dutch people not withstand competition?
A) Portuguese B) Spanish C) British
D) French
10. When was the ( British East India Company ) established?
A) 1600 C.E.
B) 1608 C.E. C) 1613 C.E. D) 1602 C.E.
11. When did the first ship of Britishers reach in Inadia?
A) 1610 C.E.
B) 1600 C.E.
C) 1608 C.E. D) 1611 C.E.
12. Which Mughal Emperor gave permission to the Britishers to undertake
trade in Surat?
A) Aurangzeb
B) Jahangir
C) Shahjahan
D) Akbar
13. Which Mughal Emperor gave permission to the Britishers to undertake
trade in Bengal?
A) Aurangzeb
B) Akbar
C) Jahangir
D) Shahjahan
14. When was the ( French East India Company ) established?
A]1664 C.E. B) 1668 C.E. C) 1646 C.E. D) 1675 C.E.
15. From where did the British start undertake trade?
A) On the banks of river Padma
B) On the banks of river Hugli
C) Calicut port
D) On the banks of river Meghana
16. From which Mughal Emperor did the Britishers get permission to not
to give tax and undertake trade?
A) From Jahangir
B) From Shahjahan C) From Akbar D) From Aurangzeb
17. When the Battle of Plassey fought?
A) 1764 C.E.
B) 1775 C.E.
C) 1757 C.E.
D) 1764 C.E.
18. Who became the Nawab of Bengal in the year 1756 C.E.

A) Siraj-ud-daulah
B) Alivardi Khan
c) Suja-ud-dualah
D) Murshid Ali Khan
19. When was the Battle of Buxar fought?
A) 1757 C.E.
B) 1765 C.E.
C) 1761 C.E. D) 1764 C.E.
20. Whom did the British appoint the Nawab of the Bengal after the Battle
A) Shah Alam
B) Mir Jafar
C) Mir Hasim
D) Mir Qasim
LESSON 2
WHAT IS AROUND US?
1. CHOOSE THE CORRECT OPTION
1. How many spheres does the earth have?
A] two B] Four
C] Three
D] Five
2. How much area of the surface does the lithosphere occupy?
A] 98%
B] 97%
C] 71%
D] 29%
3. The crust of the earth is not broken because
A] The balance between heat and water is maintained
B] The balance between heat and pressure is maintained
C] The balance between magma and pressure is maintained
D] The balance between heat and magma is maintained
4. How much area of the surface does hydrosphere cover?
A] 71%
B] 97%
C] 68%
D] 29%
5. How deep are the ocean drenches?
A] 8 to 9 km B] 10 to 11 km
C] 5 to 6 km D] 14 to 15 km
6. How much of the earths total water is on the oceans?
A] 71%
B] 78%
C] 80%
D] 97%
7. Up to how many kilometers above the surface does the atmosphere extend?
A] 1600 km B] 2100 km
C] 1200 km
D] 1400 km
8. What is the proportion of nitrogen in the atmosphere?
A71% B] 48%
C] 78%
D] 21%
9. What is the proportion of Oxygen in the atmosphere?
A] 21%
B] 71%
C] 78%
D] 21%
10. The earth is protected from the excessive heat of the sun because
A] nitrogen gas absorbs the ultraviolet rays of the sun
B] oxygen gas absorbs the ultraviolet rays of the sun
C] ozone gas absorbs the ultraviolet rays of the sun
D] hydrogen gas absorbs the ultraviolet rays of the sun
11. Which atmospheric gas dilutes the intensity of oxygen?
A] ozone
B]carbon di oxide
C] nitrogen
D] hydrogen
12. Which gas, causes the global warming when increased in volume?
A] O2 B] H2
C] N2
D] CO2
L-3 INDIAN CONSTITUTION Choose the correct option
1 With what does the Indian constitution start?
A Fundamental rights
B Fundamental duties
C Premable
D Documents of Swarajya
2 When did the constitution committee start its work?
A 9th December, 1946
B 9th November, 1945
th
C 20 January, 1946
D 1st March, 1946
3 Who was elected the president of constitution committee?
A Dr Radhakrishnan
B Dr Rajendra Prasad
C Dr Kaniyalal Munshi
D Dr B. R. Ambedkar
4 Under whose chairmanship was the drafting committee formed?

A Dr B. R. Ambedkar
B Dr Rajendra Prasad
C Dr Kaniyalal Munshi
D Dr Radhakrishnan
5 Who from the following was the female member of the constitution committee ?
A Mrs Anee Besant
B Mrs Indira Gandhi
C Mrs Kamaladevi
D Sarojini Naidu
6 When did the constitution committee pass the constitution of India?
A 26th January 1950
B 15th August 1947
th
C 26 November 1949
D 9th November 1949
7 When was our constitution enforced?
A 26th November 1949
B 26th January 1950
C 15th August 1950
D 26th August 1950
8 Which day was declared as a Republic Day ?
A 26th January
B 15th August
th
C 26 November
D 2nd January
9 After every how many years are the general elections held in our country ?
A seven B Six C four
D five
10 At what age does an Indian citizen gain universal adult franchise?
A 18 years
B 17 years
C 20 years
D 21 years
11 By what name is the upper house of Parliament Known ?
A Lok Sabha
B Rajya Sabha
C Formal committee
D Constitution committee
12 By what name is the lower house of Parliament Known ?
A Vidhan Sabha
B Vidhan Parishad
C Lok Sabha
D Rajya Sabha
LESSON NO 4
CHOOSE THE CORRECT OPTION
1 Which plan was like a sweet poison?
A Annexation policy
B Subsidiary Alliance
C Dual System policy
D The rule of Nawabs policy
2 Who started Subsidiary Alliance?
A Wellesley B Lord Hastings
C Lord Dalhousie D William Bentinck
3 Who accepted Subsidiary Alliance first?
A Tipu SultanB Hyder Ali
C Ranjit Singh
D Nizam
4 After the death of which Peshwa, there was a war among Maratha States ?
A Nana Saheb
B Balaji Bajarao
C Nana Fadanvis
D Narayan Rao
5 Within how many years did Lord Wellesley expand British company and make British rule supreme
in India?
A Seven
B Five
C Six
D Four
6 Between which cities was the railway line started first in India?
ABetween Mumbai and Satara
B Beween Mumbai and Thane
C Between Mumbai and Surat
D Between Mumbai and Pune
7 When did the first Railway line start in India?
A 1848 AD B 1853AD
C 1851AD
D 1858AD
8 In which cities were universities established in India?
A in Mumbai , Delhi and Kolkata
B in Mumbai , Delhi and Bengaluru
C in Mumbai , Ahemdabad and Delhi D in Mumbai , Chennai and Kolkata
9 When were the universities established in India?
A 1857 CE B 1858CE
C 1864 CE D 1860 CE
10which policy of the British ruined the native kings of India ?
A Imperialistic policy
B. Trade and Rule policy
C Annexation policy
D Divide and Rule policy

Lesson 5

Natural disasters

Choose the correct option

What is the place nearest to the focus of an earthquake on the surface of the earth called?
A. Bhukamp Uudgam Kendra
B Epicenter
C Bhugarbh Nirgaman Kendra
D landslide center
2. Due to how many reasons are volcanic eruptions caused?
A Two
B five
C three
D four
3. How many types of volcanic mountain are there?
A Three B four
C two
D five
4. What is the approximate length in kilometers of a tsunami wave?
A 800 to 1200
B 500 to 1500
C 700 to 1600
D 600 to 900
5. When did the tsunami disaster occur in Japan?
A. on 26th November, 2008
B. On 28th October, 2010
C. On 8th January, 2010
D. On 11th march, 2011
6. Which pollution should be reduced for possibility of drought?
A River
B Atmospheric
C Water
D Land
L-6 Effect of British Rule On India
MCQ
1 Untill which century was India economically prosperous?
A Nineteenth B Twelfth
C Eighteenth D Seventh
2 In which year did a devastating drought attack Bengal ?
A 1760 AD B 1880 AD C 1772 AD D 1770 AD
3 Which Indian state the devastating famine attack in the year 1770 CE ?
A Bengal
B Bihar
C Mumbai D Orissa
4 Which governor enforced the Permanent Settlement Act ?
A William Bentinck B Lord Cornwallis C Dalhousie D Warren Hastings
5 During whose tenure was the right revenue collection given to collectors ?
A Wellesley B William Bentinck C Dalhusie D Lord Cornwallis
6 Which governor general became popular by introducing some beneficial reformations ?
A Dalhousie B Hardinge C William Bentinck D Wellesley
7 Who enforced the law of banning the evil practice of Sati ?
A William Bentinck B Dalhousie C Wellesley D Lord Cornwallis
8 When was the law banning the evil practice of sati enforced?
A 1858 AD B 1829 AD C 1868 AD D 1839 AD
9 Who started English education in India?
A Wellesley B Hardinge C Macaulay D Charles Wood
10 When did the thought cof starting English education in India come to Macaulay ?
A 1834 AD B 1828 AD C 1830 AD
D 1838 AD
11 When were the first universities established first in India ?
A 1864 AD B 1857 AD C 1875 AD D 1980 AD
Lesson 7 Environmental changes.
MCQ.
1. The sphere that envelops the earth from all sides.
a. weather
b. biosphere c. atmosphere
d. climate
2. Which of the following countries experience maximum temperature?
a. Iran
b. Brazil
c. Philippines
d. Saudi Arabia
3. Which of the following countries experience maximum cold?
a. Norway
b. Russia
c. Iran
D. Brazil
4. Which of the following countries get maximum rainfall?
a. Russia
b. Brazil
c. Philippines
d. Iran
5. Which gas is most effective as a green gas?
a. Hydrogen
b. Oxygen
c. Nitrogen
d. Carbon dioxide.
6. Which of the following gases is known as green house gas?
a. Oxygen
b. Hydrogen
c. Methane
d. Nitrogen.

7. How many tones of Methane is produced by paddy cultivation?

a. 15 crore
b. 12crore
c. 7crore
d. 21crore.
8. How many tones of Methane gas is produced by the decomposition of bio degradable waste?
a. 7 crore
b. 2 crore
c. 9 crore
d. 11crore.
9. How many tonnes of methane is produced due to exhaling and metabolism of animals?
a. 15 crore
b. 7 crore
c. 18 crore
d. 14 crore.
10. When is World Ozone Day celebrated in the world?
a.28thoctomber
b. 16th September
c. 1st January
d. 5th June
11. In which city was the global meet held to save environment in 1972?
A At Rio de Janeiro of Brazil
b. In Stockholm, the capital of Swedon.
c. In Copenhagen, the capital of Denmark
d. In Delhi, the capita; of India
12. In which city was the conference to save the environmental held in 1972?
a. At New York in USA
b. At London in England
C. At Kolkata in India.
D. At Reo de Janerio in Brazil
13. In which city was the global meet to save the environmental held in December, 2009?
a. In Tokyo of Japan
b. In Sydney of Australia
c. In Copenhagen, the capital of Denmark
D .In Rome the capital of Italy
14. How many metric tones of carbon dioxide does an average person in the world produce?
a. 4.5
b. 20.6
c.1.2 d. 8.5
15. How many metric tones of carbon dioxide does an average Indian citizen produce?
a. 20.6
b. 4.5
c. 3.8
d. 1.2
16. How many metric tones of carbon dioxide does an average citizen of USA produce?
a. 4.5 b. 20.6
c. 1.2
d. 10.6

Lesson 8

M.C.Q

1 Which is the main characteristic of the democracy ?

A Power of army
B Individualism
C Sovereignity of the people
D Advance committee
2 Which governing policy has India accepted ?
A communism
B Democracy
C Fedualism
D Dictatorship
3 Which is the upper house of Parliament ?
A Legislative Assemble
B Vidhan Parishad
C Lok Sabha
D Rajya sabha
4 Who is the leader of ruling party in the Lok sabha ?
A Prime minister
B Vice president
C President
D Speaker
5 How many members are elected to the Rajya Sabha ?
A 250
B 238
C 542
D 262
6 How many members does the President appoint in the Rajya Sabha ?
A 14
B 10
C 12
D 25
7 How many members retire after every two years from the Rajya Sabha ?
A 1/3
B
C
D 1/10
8 Who becomes the chairman of the Rajya Sabha ?
A President
B Speaker
C Prime minister
D Vice President
9 What is decided in the beginning of every session of Parliament ?
A prayer Hour
B attendance Hour
C meeting hour
D question hour
10 Who presides over the Lok Sabha ?
A Prime minister
B President
C Speaker
D Secretary of parliament

lesson 9

MCQ

1 Which battalion refused to use the Enfield rifle first?

A Kanpur B Jabalpur C Barrackpur D Jagdishpur
2 Which day was fixed for the start of the 1857 revolt ?
A 20th May
B . 31st May C
1st June
D 10th July
3 Which city was first captured by the soldiers of Meerut when the revolt started?
A Lucknow
B Allahabad C Kanpur
D Delhi
4 Which leader chopped off his hand from his elbow himself and offered it to river Ganges?
A Nanasaheb Peshwa B Bahadurshah Zafar
C Tatya Tope D Kunwarsingh
5 Which state was denied the right of the adopted son as the heir to the throne?
A Jhansi
B Ayodhya C Hyderabad
D Kanpur
6 Who took the leadership of Nanasaheb Peshwas army in Kanpur ?
A Mangal Pandey B Tatya Tope
C Bapu Gaekwad D Birsa Munda
7. Who started the revolt in Gujarat in June, 1858?
A Head of Anand Garabaddas Patel in Kheda district
B. 7th troop of military in Ahmedabad
C The battalion of Indian soldiers of Nandod of Rajpipla
D Jodha Manek of Umarpur
8 Which prominent leader of the revolt stayed in Gujarat for approximately 15 days?
A Nanasaheb Peshwa
B Bahadurshah Zafar
C Tatya Tope
D Kunwarsingh
9When did the revolt of 1857 C.E. actually start?
A 12th January
B 15th August
C 10th November
D 10th May
10.When did the revolt start in Kanpur?
A On 4th June, 1857
B On 10th May, 1857
C On 31st May, 1857
D On 4th May, 1857
11Who accomplished the unique task of saving the fort of Bet- Dwarka from cannon balls during the
revolt?
A Dahodi women
B Rani Laxmibai
C People of Santhal D Vagher women
12Which of the following is not a reason for the revolt of 1857 C.E.
A There was lack of central co-ordination in the revolt
B There was lack of feeling of patriotism Indian soldiers
C The revolt started earlier than the decided date
D The leaders of the revolt had regional feeling but they did not have national feeling

Q.2.FILL IN THE BLANKS L 1

1. The Italian who grabbed the responslibity to find out the sea route to India was Columbus.
2. Columbus discovered the continent of America.
3. Today the native inhabitants of America are called Red Indians
and the group of islands on its
bank are known as the West Indies.
4. Vasco-da-Gama discovered a new sea route from Europe to India.
5. Vasco-da-Gama first reached at Calicut port of Calicut.
6. In the year 1498,King Zamorin was ruling in Calicut.
7. In Calicut,Portuguese built a wall on all the sides of fort appointed a commander in chief namely
Albuquerque to safeguard the fort.
8. In the year 1663 C.E, Dutch people established fort in Pulicut and Madras.
9. Hawkins was the captain of the British ship which first came to India.
10. The head of the French East India Company, situated in India was Dupleix.
11. The British captain Sir Thomas Roe obtained permission from the Mughal Emperor Jahangir to set
up trade in Surat.
12. Robert Clive conspired to murder Siraj-ud-daulah .
13. Indian history changed with the battle of Plassey.

14. Mir Jafar became the Nawab of Bengal after the battle of Plassey.
15. The British company dismissed Mir Jafar as the Nawab of Bengal and appointed Mir Qasim as the
Nawab.
16. After the death of Mir Jafar, Mir Qasim became the Nawab of Bengal.

L.2. FILL IN THE BLANKS

1. In the solar system, only earth has the favourable temperature, water and air to sustain life.
2. The earth was in fireball form at the time of the origin.
3.Lithosphere is composed of soil and rocks.
4. Lithosphere covers approximately 295 of the earths surface.
5. Mountains, plateaus and plains have developed on lithosphere.
6. Rocks which are in molten state in the interior of the earth are known as magma.
7. Drinking water is a part of hydrosphere.
8. Valuable chemicals and minerals are available in big amount in the water of the sea and on the sea
floor.
9. The atmosphere contains approximately 78 % of nitrogen and 21% of oxygen.
10. Ozone gas absorbs ultraviolet rays of the Sun.
11. Oxygen and nitrogen gases sustain life on the earth.
12. Nitrogen gas in the atmosphere reduces the intensity of oxygen.
13. Because of dust particles seen in the atmosphere, it does not suddenly turn dark after sunset and it
does not suddenly turn bright after sunrise.
14. Atmosphere is necessary for radio broadcasts and television.
15. Biosphere is divided into two divisions: biotic and abiotic.
16.The areas having more of vehicles show increased amount of carbon monoxide gas in the air.

L3

. FILL IN THE BLANKS

1. Our constitution starts with __preamble_.

2. The constitution committee started forming the constitution from 9 th December _1946_
3 .Dr. Rajendraprasad was the president of constitution committee .
4. Dr. B.R.Ambedkar___________ was the chairman of the drafting committee.
5. The Indian constitution was passed on _26th November, 1949______ .
6. The Constitution of India was enforced from 26 th January , 1950.
7. Many _objectives_have been achieved through constitution .
8. India has adopted ___parliamentary_ system democracy .
9. The elections are held in our country every _five years .
10. The Indian citizens of age _18_ years or above cast their vote in general election of country.
11. India is a _secular, democratic _and republic nation .

L 4 Blanks
1.
2.
3.
4.

Lord Wellesley introduced the Subsidiary Alliance policy in India.

Subsidiary Alliance was like sweet poison for native states.
Nizam accepted the Subsidiary Alliance first.
Lord Wellesley made British rule supreme power in India by subsidiary Alliance ( divide and
rule ).
5. Maharaja Ranjit Singh was powerful ruler of Punjab.
6. Governor General Hardinge brought the Sikh rule under the British rule.
7. Lord Dalhousie annexed the states of native kings who died without the son.
8. The first railway line started first from Mumbai to Thane in India in the time of Lord Dalhousies
tenure.
9. The first railway line started in India between Mumbai to Thane
10. Railway , telegraph and post system were started in India during Lord Dalhousies tenure. .
11. The first three universities were established in India in the year 1857 CE
12. Lord Dalhousie was the father of the annexation policy.

13. Lord Wellesley made the British company completely rival free and supreme power in India .
14. The war started among the Maratha states after the death of Peshwa Nana Fadanvis.

LESSON 5 NATURAL DISASTERS

1. An earthquake is caused due to internal _tectonic movementi in the earth.
2. The maximum effect of an earthquake is near the epicentre on the surface.
3. The effect of an earthquake depends on its intensity/magnitude..
4. Fertility of land increases due to lava.
5. Lava soil is fertile because it contains Magma / potash.
6. The origin of an earthquake is known as focus.
7. The fast flow of water in river is called flood_______
8. Often _cyclone_ strikes in the coastal regions of India.
9. Forest resources get depleted due to forest fire.
10. Due to landslide Konkan railway gets obstructed frequently.
11. An earthquake is recorded by seismograph.
12. Tsunami and a cyclone cause disaster near coastal region.

LESSON 6 Blanks
13. 1 Economic prosperity of India was sustained till eighteenth century.
14. 2 The British increased their income due to the Diwani rule which gave them rights to collect
revenue from Bengal, Bihar and Orissa.
15. 3 At the time of British rule, many peasants became economically poor due to the interest rate of
land revenue which was very high.
16. 4 Governor Cornwallis enforced the Permanent Settlement Act for revenue collection.
17. 5. During Lord Cornwallis tenure collectors had to collect the revenue and to perform the
function of judge.
18. 6 The British system destroyed our ancient system of village self rule which was handled by the
Gram Panchayats.
19. 7 In ancient time, every village was like a small republic.
20. 8 An order was passed in Agra that every Indian had to salute the British.
21. 9 William Bentinck enforced the law to stop the practice of Sati.
22. 10 In 1834 AD, Macaulay introduced English education in India.
23. 11 The reforms made by the British rulers were for their benefits / convenience only.
24. 12 The reforms made by the British rule came as a blessing for the growth of nationalism in India.
LESSON 7
FILL IN THE BLANKS.
1. The sphere which surrounded the earth from all sides is known as atmosphere.
2. Atmosphere is polluted due to human activities.
3. In the countries that have cold climate, there is less heat.
4. In countries that have cold clilmates, the doors, walls and windows are made of glass.
5. Global warming means the Green House Effect which harms up the atmosphere of the earth ?
6. Earth s atmosphere is rapidly warming due to the increase in carbon di oxide gas.
7. Due to the increase of green house gases, the problem of temperature changes has arisen.
8. The temperature of the Earth has increased by 0.6 Degree Celsius in t he last 100 years.
9. Proportion of nitrous oxide has increased from 270 ppm to_319_ ppm.
10. CFC gas is released n maximum due to the use of electronic appliances.
11. According to the U.N. Resolution, 16 September is celebrated as Ozone day.
12. Sensible use of resources has become necessary to check the increase in global temperature.
13. An average citizen in the world produces _____4.5 metric tones of green house gas.
14. Every citizen of India produces 1.2 metric tones of green house gas.
15. Every citizen of U.S.A produces 20.6 metric tones of green house gas.
16. Every person of the world produces 4.5 metric tones of CO2.

LESSON 8

1 In democracy , the people themselves are the creators of their destiny.

2 In Gujarati, Democracy is known as Lokshahi_
3 India has adopted the Parliamentary system of Democracy .
4 The Lok Sabha is known as the Lower_ house of parliament .
5 The Rajya Sabha is known as the Upper house of parliament .
6 Generally, the elections of Lok Sabha are held every five years .
7 A candidate elected to the Lok Sabha is called Member of the Parliament__
8 The Prime Minister is appointed by the President
.
9 There are 250_ members in the Rajya Sabha .
10 Twelve members are nominated by the President in the Rajya Sabha
11 The Rajya Sabha has the representative of every states of our country.
12 The Vice President works as the Chairman of the Rajya Sabha.
13 In central government, Parliament _works to make laws.
14 The person who presides over the session in the Lok Sabha is known as the Speaker.

LESSON 9

FILL IN THE BLANKS

1 After the Battle of Buxar in 1764 C.E. , the East India Company adopted the policy of expansion.
2 The ratio of Indian soldiers and English soldiers in Indian military was 6:1.
3 In the year January, 1857 AD, Enfield rifle was introduced in the Indian military.
4.The fat of pig and cow was used to manufacture the cartridges of the Enfield rifle.
5 The 19th battalion of Barrackpur was the first to refuse to use the Enfield Rifle cartridges.
6 The revolt against East India Company was planned to start all over the country on 31 st May, 1857
C.E.
7 The chappaties was the secret symbol for civilians and roses soldiers who wanted to join the revolt..
8 _The first martyr of the revolt of 1857 C.E. was Mangal Pandey__.
9 The Mughal Emperor Bahadurshah Zafar accepted the leadership of the revolt in Delhi
10 Nanasaheb Peshwa took the leadership of the revolt in Kanpur.
11The landlord of Jagdishpur Kunwarsingh undertook the leadership of the revolt in Bihar .
12 Laxmibai was the Queen of Jhansi..
13 Tatya Tope was the commander in chief of the rebelling army that tried ________ to free Kanpur
from the British control.
14 The revolt was started in Gujarat by the 7th troop of military of Ahmedabad army in June, 1857.
15 The revolt was continued for approximately one year by Nayakada _people of Panchmahal.
16. In December 1857, Tatya Tope stayed in Gujarat along with the army for approximately 15 days in
________ district.
17. It is believed that Tatya Tope stayed in Gujarat along with the army for approximately 15 days in
Panchamahal district of Gujarat in December, 1858.
18 It is believed that Tatya Tope spent the later years of his life in Navsari_.
19 Seeds of the feeling of nationalism were sown in the Indian people due to revolt of 1857

Q.3 True or false. LESSON 1 to LESSON 9

1.
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

Christopher Columbus found the sea route to India. FALSE

Vasco da gama was the inhabitant of Portugal. TRUE
The British fort at Hugli was demolished on the orders of Mughal emperor Jahangir. FALSE
The Mughal emperor, Shahjahan , permitted the British to start trade in Bengal. TRUE. TRUE
The battle of Buxar was the first battle fought by the of British East India company in India.
FALSE
The British company appointed Mir Qasim as the Nawab of Bengal after the battle of Plassey
FALSE
The British defeated in the battle of Buxar. FALSE
Lithosphere occupies 71% of the surface of the earth . FALSE .
When the balance between the heat and the pressure is not maintained in the interiors of the earth
the crust of the earth breaks and water streams erupts . TRUE .

10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45

Rain is the main source of water . TRUE .

Oceans are useful as our water ways . TRUE .
12.There are various gases in the biosphere . TRUE .
As we go higher from the surface of the earth , volume of most of the gases is reduced . TRUE .
Carbon dioxide is in abundance in the lower strata of the atmosphere . TRUE .
Solid liquid and gaseous elements are included in atmosphere . TRUE .
Biosphere is colourless , tasteless ,odourless. TRUE .
We are unable to listen sounds due to the medium of biosphere .FALSE .
Dust particles reflect sun rays . TRUE .
Only the earth in the solar system has biosphere . TRUE .
Various types of living beings are included in biosphere . TRUE .
The amount of co2 decreases due to the cutting of trees . false .
Oxygen reduces the intensity of nitrogen . FALSE.
The constitution of our country starts with the fundamental rights. F
Dr B. R. Ambedkar was the elected president of constitution committee. F
The work of the formation of the constitution was completed in 166 meetings. T
One cannot imagine the administration of the country without constitution. T
India has adopted democratic system of government. T
The Judiciary works to implement the laws made by Parliament False
The whole country follows the rules made by central government. T
Divide and Rule was a policy of the British. TRUE
When Lord Wellesley came to India as Governor , there was cut throat competition between
England and Portugal. FALSE
Many native states became the victim of Annexation policy of Wellesley. FALSE
Subsidiary Alliance was first accepted by Marathas. FALSE
The war started among the Maratha states after the death of Peshwa Nana Fadnavis. TRUE
Lord Wellesley became friends with Maharaja Ranjit Singh. TRUE
Proper administration was established in the states of native kings who accepted the Subsidiary
Alliance of Wellesley . FALSE
The modern post system was started in the time of Wellesley. FALSE
The focus ( of the earthquake ) is on the surface of the earth F
The effect of an earthquake depends on its speed F
Heavy gases below the magma push the magma downwards F
Fertility of land decreases due to lava. F
Diamonds are found at few volcanic regions T
The waves of tsunami are high but short F
More trees should be grown to prevent droughts. T
Heavy damage is caused to forests due to cyclone F

46 The devastating famine attacked Bihar in the year 1770 C.E.. FALSE
47 Governor William Bentinck enforced the Permanent Settlement Act for revenue collection.
fALSE
48 The collectors who collected revenue also performed the functions of a judge. TRUE
49 The fine and soft Dhaka muslin was much in demand all over the world during ancient times..
TRUE
50 The British Policy of Social Reforms made the people feel insecure. TRUE
51 Mahatma Gandhiji called English education as the Swarajya Education. False
52 The people of India came closer to one another with the newspaper, post-telegraph and railway
True
53 The environment is polluted due smoke from industries. True
54 A short term average of temperature, humidity and rains of a region is called weather False
55 Problem of climate change has emerged due to the reduction in green house gases. False

56 The proportion of CO2 which was 275 ppm before 100 years, has increased to 350 ppm at present.
True
57 The proportion of nitrous oxide which was 270 ppm before, is now 470 ppm. False
58 Beehives are disappearing fast due to global warming. True
59 Today, man is presrving the environment due to his activities. False
60 Every citizen off U.S.A produces 20.6 metric tones green house gas. True
61 The environment is polluted due smoke from industries. True
62 A short term average of temperature, humidity and rains of a region is called weather False
63 Problem of climate change has emerged due to the reduction in green house gases. False
64 The proportion of CO2 which was 275 ppm before 100 years, has increased to 350 ppm at present.
True
65 The proportion of nitrous oxide which was 270 ppm before, is now 470 ppm. False
66 Beehives are disappearing fast due to global warming. True
67 Today, man is presrving the environment due to his activities. False
68 Every citizen off U.S.A produces 20.6 metric tones green house gas. True
69 In a Democratic Government , the leader of the party that has clear majority is appointed as the
Prime Minister . True
70 In India, Judiciary is the supreme organisation. FALSE
71 The Lok Sabha is the upper house of Parliament. FALSE
72 Each constituency one candidate is elected member in the Lok Sabha. TRUE
73 The Prime Minister elects ministers from the members of his party. TRUE
74 The Lok Sabha is a permanent house. FALSE
75 The President acts as a Chairman of Rajya Sabha. FALSE
76 The President is called a part of the parliament. TRUE
77 The aim of the British was to prosper India at the cost of England. FALSE
78 British officers considered India soldiers very low and lack of dignity. TRUE
79 The 19th battalion of Barrackpur was the first to refuse to use the cartridges with fat. TRUE
80 Roti and rose were used as the secret symbol of the revolt. FALSE
81 The first martyr of the revolt of 1857 AD was Tatya Tope . FALSE
82 Kunwarsingh was the landlord of Jagdishpur. TRUE
83 According to the opinion of the British officials , Queen Laxmibai was the best among the women
leader of the revolt of 1857 C.E. TRUE
84 Kunwarsingh of Jagdishpur died in April, 1858 due to fatal injuries received during the war .
TRUE
85 The revolt succeeded because of the sharp feeling of sacrifice among the soldiers fighting in the
revolt . FALSE
86 At the end of the revolt, the company rule came to an end in India and the rule of British
Government was established . TRUE
Q. 4. Match [ALL LESSONS]
1 1498 AD - Vasco-da-gama came to India
2 1600 AD- British East India Company was established
3 1608 AD- British ship reached Surat port
4 1664 AD- French East India Company was established
5 1502 AD- Portuguese established fort in Calicut
6 1663 AD- Dutch people established fort in Agra
7 1757 AD-Battle of Plassey was fought
8 1764 AD -Battle of Buxar was fought
9 Lithosphere - residence of all living organisms including human beings
10 Hydrosphere - sphere of water
11 Atmosphere - sphere of various gases
12 Biosphere - combination of four spheres

13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26

Subsidiary Alliance System

Wellesley
Annexation Policy
Dalhousie
Maharaja of Punjab
Ranjit Singh
Establishment of three universities n India
1857 CE
Cornwallis enforced the Permanent Settlement Act
Macaulay started an English education in India
William Bentinck banned the practice of sati
Gandhiji English education is the Education of slavery.
sudden shaking of the surface of the earth earthquake
fertile lava - volcano
powerful and devastating sea waves - tsunami
the excessive force of flow in the river - flood
. damage to forest resources - flood
shortage of food and water - drought

Answer in a sentence Lesson 6

1 What has been said by the world historians about the economic progress of India?
A.1. The world historians have said about the economic progress of India that till the 18 th century, the
production techniques of India, its industries and organizations of trade and commerce were unorganized
2 What type of country did India become during the hundred years of British rule from 1757 AD to 1856
AD?
A.2. During the hundred years of British rule from 1757 AD to 1856 AD India became the source of raw
material for the mills of England and a big market for commodities which were manufactured in those
mills.
3 How did the peasants of India become economically poor?
A.3. When the Britishers got the power to collect the revenue [Diwani] from Bengal, Bihar and Orissa;
they started extracting maximum revenue from the peasants. So, the peasants of India became
economically poor.
4 How did Lakhs of people die in Bengal in 1770 AD?
A.4. A devastating drought struck Bengal in 1770 A.D. The Britishers did not take any steps to save the
people from hunger. So, lakhs of people died in Bengal in 1770 A.D.
5 Which revenue system was enforced by Cornwallis?
A.5. Cornwallis enforced the revenue system named Permanent Settlement.
6 Who gave rights to the collectors to collect revenue and to give judgement?
A.6. Lord Cornwallis gave rights to the collectors to collect revenue and to give judgement.
7 Which feelings were aroused in peoples minds regarding the British Social Reform policies?
A.7. The feeling of fear that was aroused in the people regarding the policies started by British
government for social reformation was that the British Government was deliberately forcing them to
follow Christianity and they wanted to destroy the Indian religion and culture.
8 Which order was passed in Agra by the British government?
A.8. The order that was passed in Agra by the British Government was that every Indian had to salute
the Britishers.
9 Which commodities were exported from India?
A.9. The commodities that were exported from India were jute, wool, silk, cotton clothes, muslin of
Dhaka, etc.
10 Why did the materials produced in India become costlier in India itself?
A.10. The materials produced in England came to India without custom duty, while the materials made in
India had to pay duty tax of 80%. Thus, due to the custom duty with partiality, the materials produced in
India became costlier in India itself.
11 Who banned the cruel practice of Sati?
A.11. Lord William Bentinck banned the cruel practice of Sati.

12 Who started to English education in India?

A.12, The British advocate named Macaulay started to give education by English language in India.
13 What did Gandhiji say about English education?
A.13. Gandhiji called English education as the Education of slavery.
14 Why did the British government start the facility of railway, post and telegraph?
A.14. The British Government started the facility of railway, post and telegraph in India considering the
convenience in running administration and strategic importance for the military and in order to
maintain an effective control on the country and to exchange messages with the neighboring country .
15 Why did Macaulay start English education in India?
A.15. Lord Macaulay started English education in India to train illiterate Indians in a modern way but
with a British influence.

L7 ANSWER IN NA SENTENCE
1. What is an atmosphere?
A.1. The covering of air on the four sides of the earth is known as atmosphere.
2. How is the atmosphere polluted?
A.2. The atmosphere gets polluted due to industries, factories, power stations and vehicles.
3. What is an environmental change/ [climate change?]
To type the ans.
A.3. The changes that occur in temperature, direction of wind, moisture, etc., due to global warming is
called a climate change.
4. What is a weather?
A.4. The amount of temperature, rain and moisture in any region at a particular point of time is called a
weather.
5. What is a climate?
A.5. The average condition of rain, temperature and moisture in any region at a particular point of time
is called a climate.
6. What is global warming?
A.6. The Green House effect which keeps the earths environment hot is known as global warming.
Those gases, which create green house effect in the atmosphere, retain the heat from the sunrays and
keep the earth warm. Due to increased amount of such gases, the temperature on the surface of the earth
has increased. This is called global warming.
7. How did the problem of climatic change emerge?
A.7. The gases like carbon di oxide, methane, nitroxide, chloro fluro carbon [CFC] and halo carbons play
an active role in Green House Effect and they are known as green house gases. The increase in the
proportion of these gases leads to the question of climate change.
8. What is the proportion of nitrous oxide in the atmosphere?
A.8. The proportion of nitrous oxide in the atmosphere is 319 ppm.
9. What increases the proportion of chlorofluorocarbon (CFL) in the atmosphere?
A.9. The use of things that increase the chloro fluro carbon (CFL) in the atmosphere are foam, plastic,
refrigerator, A.C., aerosol spray, etc.
10. Which are non-conventional sources of energy?
A. 10. Non-conventional sources of energy are solar energy, wind energy, tidal energy, geothermal energy,
biogas, etc.
11. When and where was the first global convention to think of ways to protect the environment held?
A.11. The global convention to decide the policy to think of ways to protect the environment held was
held at Stockholm, the capital of Sweden, in 1972.
(12).Which country hosted the last world convention to protect environment?
A.12. The country which hosted the last world convention to protect environment was held held at
Copenhagen, Denmark, in December, 2009.
(13).What was decided at the world meeting at Copenhagen in December, 2009?

A.13 At the world meeting at Copenhagen in December, 2009, it was decided that developed countries like
USA should seriously implement the carbon-cut policy to reduce the production of green house gases and
developing countries like India should be allowed to release more carbon di oxide for which they should
be given a subsidy of 100 billion dollars.
Q.14) Which day is celebrated as the World Ozone Day in the world?
A.14. 16th September is celebrated as the World Ozone Day in the world.

LESSON 8

ANSWER IN A SENTENCE

Q.1. What does the Parliament comprise of?

The Parliament comprises of the President, Lok Sabha, Rajya Sabha and the Vice President.
Q.2. How many houses does the Parliament of India have? Which are they?
A.2. The Parliament of India has two houses. They are the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha.
A.3. Which is the lower house of Parliament?
.A.3. Lok Sabha is the lower house of the Parliament.
Q.4. Which is the upper houseof Parliament?
A.4. Rajya Sabha is the Upper House.
Q.5. Why does the Parliament have complete and important powers in Democracy?
A.5. The Parliament has complete and important powers in Democracy because it represents the people
of the country. The members of Parliament are the representatives elected by the people.
Q.6. Mention the main functions of Parliament.
A.6. The main two functions of the Parliament are: 1] It makes new laws, makes necessary changes in the
existing laws and cancels the unnecessary old laws. 2] It questions the government, gets information
about its work and keeps control on it.
Q.7. What is called Constituency?
Q.7. The whole country is divided into different voting sections according to geography and population
for the election of the Lok Sabha. This type of every voting section is called Constituency.
Q.8.Whom does the President appoint as the Prime Minister?
A.8. After the elections, the leader of the majority party or a coalition of parties which has a majority in
the Parliament is appointed as the Prime Minister.
Q.9. Who elects the members of Rajya Sabha?
A.9. The elected members of the Legislative assembly of different states elect the members of the Rajya
Sabha.
Q.10. Who becomes the chairman of the Rajya Sabha?
A.10. The Vice-President of India becomes the Chairman of the Rajya Sabha.
Q.11. Which house of Parliament is never dissolved completely ?
A.11. The Upper House of the Parliament is never dissolved completely
Q.12. Which house of Parliament is the permanent house?
A.12. The Rajya Sabha [ upper house] is the permanent house.
Q.13. What does the government come to know during the questioning session ( Question Hour ) in
Parliament?
A.13. Due to the questioning session ( Question Hour ) in Parliament, the government knows about the
views and opinions of people through their representatives. It brings about the drawbacks of policies of
Government and their programmes.
Q.14. What is the responsibility of the Member of the Parliament?
A.14. The main responsibility of the member of the Parliament is to question the government about its
administrative functions.
Q.15. How does the opposition party play an important role in democracy?
A.15. The opposition party plays an important role in democracy by finding drawbacks of the
enforcement of programmes for development and the policies of the Government.
Q.16. When does a bill become a law?
A.16. A bill passed by both the houses becomes a law only after the signature of the President.
Q.17. Give reason: Rajya Sabha is a permanent House.

A.17. In the Rajya Sabha, one third of its members retire after every two years and the same number of
the members are re-elected. Thus Rajya Sabha is never dissolved fully. So, it is called a permanent house.
Q.18. Why is the President called a part of the Parliament?
A.18. The President is called a part of the Parliament because, he is associated with the procedure of the
Parliament. A bill that is passed by both the houses becomes a law only after the signature of the
President. He has the power to decide about the meetings of the Parliament and announce the completion
of sessions too.

LESSON 9 Ans in One Sentence

1 What were the main reasons for the out burst of revolt of 1857 AD?
A.1 The main reasons for the out burst of revolt of 1857 AD were economic downfall of different classes of
India by the British Government, political injustice, disregard towards Indian social set-up, religious
intervention, dissatisfaction among the Indian soldiers, etc.
Q.2. What was the immediate cause of the revo;t of 1857 C.E.?
A.2.The immediate cause of the revolt of 1857 AD was the newly introduced Enfield rifle.
3 What was the ratio of Indian soldiers to British soldiers in the British army in India?
A.3. The ratio of Indian and British soldiers in the military of India was 6:1.
4 Why did the 19th battalion of Barrackpur refused to use new Enfield rifle ?
A.4. The 19th battalion of Barrackpur refused to use new Enfield rifle because the cartridges of new
Enfield rifle were to bitten off before putting in the rifle. A rumour was spread among the Indian soldiers
that the fat of cow and pig was used in the manufacture of those cartridges.
q.5. When was it planned to start the revolt of 1857 CE?
A.5.The revolt of 1857 CE was planned to be started on 31st May.
Q.6. Who were the main leaders of the revolt of 1857 CE?
A.6. The main leaders of the revolt of 1857 CE were Moghul emperor Bahadurshah Zafar, Nanasaheb
Peshwa, Tatya Tope, Jagirdar Kunwarsingh, Queen Laxmibai of Jhansi, Begum Hazrat Mahal of Avadh,
Rango Bapuji, Azimullakhan, etc.
Q.7. What was used as a secret symbol for the people and the army to join the revolt?
A.8. Chappati was used as a secret symbol for the soldiers and Lotus for the people to join the revolt.
8 Who was the first martyr of the revolt of 1857 CE?
A.8 The first martyr of the revolt of 1857 CE was Mangal Pandey.
Q.9. Who took the leadership of the revolt in Delhi ?
A.9 Moghul Emperor Bahadurshah Zafar took the leadership of the revolt in Delhi.
10 Who was the last Mughal Emperor of Delhi ?
A.10 Bahadurshah Zafar was the last Mughal Emperor of Delhi.
Q.11. Who undertook the leadership of the revolt in Kanpur ?
A.11 Nana Saheb took the leadership of the revolt in Kanpur .
12 Who undertook the leadership of the revolt in Bihar ?
A. 12 Jagirdar Kunwarsingh took the leadership of the revolt in Bihar.
13 Who took the leadership of the revolt in Jhansi ?
A.13 Queen Laxmibai took the leadership of the revolt in Jhansi.
14Why did Queen Laxmibai join the revolt of 1857 AD ?
A.14 Queen Laxmibai joined the revolt of 1857 AD because the British refused the right of her adopted
son as a heir to the throne of Jhansi.
15How did Queen Laxmibai attain martyrdom ?
A.15. Due to the betrayal of the gatekeeper Dulhaji, Jhansi was captured. So, Queen Laxmibai went
towards Kalpi. Here, Queen Laxmibai attained martyrdom while fighting very bravely against the
British army.
16. Who took the leadership of army of Nanasaheb Peshwa ?
A.16 The strong and brave Tatya Tope took the leadership of the army of Nanasaheb Peshwa.
17Who was the trustworthy person of Nana Saheb Peshwa ?
A.17. The trustworthy person of Nanasaheb Peshwa was Tatya Tope.

18 Who started the revolt of 1857AD in Gujarat and When ?

A.18. The 7th troop of army in Ahmedabad started the revolt of 1857 A.D. in Gujarat in the month of
June, 1857.
19 Who started the revolt against the Britishers in Kheda district ?
A.19. The head of Anand, in Kheda district namely Garbaddas Patel collected 2000 people by the cooperation of Jivabhai Thakor of Kanpur and stared the revolt against the British in Kheda district.
20 Who undertook the leadership of the revolt in Kheda district ?
A.20 The head of Anand, Garbaddas Patel took the leadership of revolt in kheda district.
21 When did the revolt of 1857CE started ?
A.21. The revolt of 1857CE started on 10th May.
22 Where did Nana Saheb stay in Gujarat ?
A.22. Nanasaheb stayed in Shihor village of Bhavnagar district of Gujarat.
23 Which different opinions prevail about the later life of Tatya Tope ?
A.23. Different opinions that prevailed about the later life of Tatya Tope are: 1] According to one opinion,
Tatya Tope was hanged.
2] As per other opinion, he spent later period of life at Navsari in Gujarat.
24. In which district of Gujarat did Tatya Tope stay?
A.24. Tatya Tope stayed in Navsari district of Gujarat.
25. Why was the planning of the revolt of 1857 C.E. get scattered?
A.25. The planning of the revolt of 1857 C.E. got scattered because it started earlier than the decided
date.
26. What was the immediate result of the revolt of 1857 C.E. in Gujarat?
A. 26. The immediate result of the revolt of 1857 was the end of the Company rule in India and the
establishment of the British rule.
Q.27. Which were the centres he revolt of 1857 AD?
A.27. The people of Ahmedabad, Patan, Khelaru, Bhilodi, Mudeti and Chandup joined the revolt of 1857
AD in Gujarat.

ANSWER IN BRIEF
Lesson 5
1. What is flood? Which areas are more affected due to the flood?
A. 1. The excessive force of the flow of water in the rivers is called flood. Heavy rains in the monsoon,
breaking of a dam or heavy flow of water due to the melting of snow cause flood. Low lying areas along
the river beds are more affected due to the flood.
2. What is a drought?
A2. A drought means the non-occurrence of rain. Such a condition occurs in case of scanty rainfall or no
rainfall for continuous 2 to 3 years. There is a shortage of food and water and the ground water dries up.
3. When is a storm created?
A.3. When a low pressure area develops over land or sea, powerful winds blow towards this area from the
surrounding regions. When the wind blows powerfully along with rainfall a cyclonic storm is developed.
This is called a cyclonic condition.
4. What is a forest fire?
A.4. In dense forests, dry branches of larger trees come into friction with each other frequently due to
winds. This generates fire and it spreads faster within the forest. Fire occurs due to other reasons also.
Such a fire is called forest fire. It causes heavy damage to forest property.
5. Can the disasters mentioned in this unit be called geographical events? Why?
A.5. Earthquake, volcano, tsunami, flood, drought, landslide etc., are the disasters which occur on the
surface of the earth. So, these disasters can be called geographical events.
6. How can you get information about disasters from the government?
A.6. The information about the disaster be collected from the government from the following address.
Gujarat State Disaster Management Authority, Block no. 11, 5th floor, Udyog Bhavan, Gandhinagar,
382017. Tel: 917923259220 Fax: 917923259275. E-mail infor @ gsdma.org.

L6
BRIEF ANSWERS
Q.1. What reforms were done by William Bentinck in India?
A.1. Reforms done by William Bentinck in India were as follows:
1. He allotted posts to Indians in company administration.
2. The freedom of using mother tongue was given to the people who came to demand justice in the court.
3. He passed a law to stop sati practice in 1829.
4. He enforced education committee to manage the expenditure if one lakh rupees every year on
education.
5. In 1853, he started English education system in India.
6. In 1857, he established Universities in Mumbai, Chennai and Kolkata.
Q.2. How did the people of India benefit due to reforms made by the Britishers?
2 The benefits to the people of India due to reforms made by the Britishers were:
1. The British Government started to get administrative workers, who knew English.
2. The British goods and the transportation of army became easy by railways.
3. The modern system of telegraph and post became useful for keeping their eye on huge country like
India and exchanging messages with England.
Q.3. What were the benefits to the people of India due to reforms made by the British?
The benefits to the people of India due to reforms made by the Britishers were:
1. National feelings and nationalistic mind were developed among Indians.
2. Due to the English education, the people became familiar with the new trends of the world. They
played an important role for social reforms and national awareness in the country.
3. The people of India became closer due to post, telegraph and railway. The literate people united and
started fight for freedom.
4. Later on, the thoughts against the English education was born in the country. As a result of this, the
new form of education and national education were developed.
L7
Ex. 5 Answer in Brief
1. What do you mean by Green House effect ?
A.1. The countries experiencing cold climate experience very less heat. Hence plants, trees, vegetables and
fruits cannot grow properly. So, an artificial preparation is done to receive adequate heat. For this, the
roof is of glass or cloth. When the sunlight falls on the green house, the plants, vegetables and fruits
remain warmer. This warmth is retained in the green house due to the production of CO2 and water
vapour in it. This phenomenon is called Green House Effect.
2. List the home appliances of daily use which add to global warming?
A.2. The gadgets used in our routine life are television, air conditioners, tube light, bulbs, laptop,
computer, refrigerator, geyser, heater, scooter, motorbike, phone, mobile , electric motor pump, washing
machine etc..
3. What will happen if proportion of co2 increases in the atmosphere?
A.3. If the proportion of CO2 is increased in the atmosphere, the average temperature of the earth will
rise. CO2 enhances the green house effects. If that increases, the climate will become more acute.
4. To protect ourselves from the increase in the temperature, what type of houses should be constructed?
A.4. To protect ourselves from the increase in the temperature, we should construct our house in the
following ways.
1. Doors, windows and the roof of the house should be constructed in such a way that it will allow enough
sunlight and air.
2. The roof should be sloppy and the roof tiles should be so arranged that the roof does not get heated.
3. Kitchen chimney should be installed such that the smoke of the fireplace, frying pan and cooking gas
rises high directly
Lesson 8 BRIEF ANSWERS
Q.1. What do you mean by Democracy?
A.1. Democracy is the Government of the people, by the people and for the people. In a democracy,
people give the power to the government to take decisions and implementation of law. They elect the
government of their choice through election. The elected people make the government. The most

important characteristics of democracy is that sovereignty is placed in the hands of the people. People
themselves are the creator of their destiny.
Q.2. What will you do as a Member of Parliament?
A.2. As a member of Parliament, I will present the questions of the people, their problems and difficulties
in the Parliament and draw attention towards them. I will get assurance from the Ministers to solve the
questions, problems and difficulties of people. I will keep my eye on the work which is done or not done
according to the assurance of ministers.
Lesson 9 BRIEF ANSWERS
Q.1. What were the social and religious reasons for the revolt of 1857 AD?
A.1. The social and religious reasons for the revolt of 1857 AD were as follows:
1. The orthodox Hindus felt that the British deliberately forced Christianity upon them
and destroyed their religion and culture.
2. The Indian social structure was criticized in army prisons and railways.
3. The new changes aroused dissatisfaction among the orthodox Hindus.
To sustain their socio-religious structures, many people joined this freedom movement
Q.2. Which economic reasons were responsible for the revolt of 1857 AD?
2. Economic reasons responsible for the revolt of 1857 were as follows:
a. Most of the section of Indian society became economically poor because of the British
policy.
b. Due to new revenue system of the British government, the peasants were economically
ruined and became indebted to bankers and landlords became landless.
c. Due to discriminative octroi policy of the British government, hundreds of workers became
unemployed.
Q.3. Which political reasons were responsible for the revolt of 1857 AD?
3. Political reasons for the revolt of 1857 were as follows:
1. After the victory of the Battle of Buxar, the British government got the right to collect
revenue from Bengal, Bihar and Orissa and they adopted the expansionist policy.
2. The British officers had established their rule on various states of India through unjust
divide and rule policy, diplomacy and inappropriate alliance.
3. The victims of this policy like Queen Laxmibai of Jhansi, Kunwarsingh of Bihar and
many other leaders joined the revolt.
Lesson 5
DETAIL
Q.1. What benefits would you get if you live in a volcanic region?
A.1. Following are the benefits of volcanic eruption.
1. Due to such eruption, a large layer of magma spreads on the surface of the earth and magma soil is
formed. This soil increases the fertility of the land.
2. Abundant crop can be obtained from the potash-based soils on the volcanic slopes.
3. Volcanic regions are composed of igneous rocks. Precious minerals like mercury, alluminium, lead,
zinc, tungsten, tin, etc. are available from these rocks.
4. The molten lava cools down gradually and due to pressure on carbon, turns into diamonds with the
passage of time.
5. At few places in the volcanic region, there are hot water springs which are useful in curing certain skin
diseases.
6. Small pebbles thrown out from the volcano are known as Lapilli. This can be used by moulding and
giving them a desired shape.
7. Basalt rocks are used in the construction of roads and buildings.
Q.2. What efforts should be made to prevent drought / famine from occurring?
A.2. Following efforts should be made to prevent ourselves from famine.
1. More and more trees should be planted every year and taken care off.
2. The atmospheric pollution should be prevented to maintain humidity in the atmosphere.

3. Wells should be recharged to get water for irrigation.

4. Water should be stored by constructing check-dams across long rivers, streams or water creeks.
5. Rain water should be stored to increase the quantity of ground water.
6. Length of canals attached to main dam should be increased.
7. Lakes should be made deeper to store more rain water.
Q.3. What is a volcanic eruption?
A.1. When the tectonic balance is disturbed, hot magma, various rock materials, gases, water vapour etc.
rush towards the surface with more speed. These are thrown out through a vent in the rock strata. This
process is called volcanic eruption.
There are four reasons for the volcanic eruption:
1. High temperature in the interior of earth.
2. Creation of liquid magma.
3. Creation of gases and vapour.
4. Drifting of magma towards earths surface.
L6
DETAIL ANSWERS
Q.1 How were the peasants of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa ruined?
A.1. When the British Government got the power of acquiring Diwani of Bengal. Bihar and Orissa they
started extracting maximum revenue from the peasant class at the cost of agriculture. The peasants
became poor. Many a times, they could not pay the revenue even after selling their gold items. As a result,
they had to sell their land. Many peasants became economically poor due to the interest custom of
landlords which was very high.
Meanwhile a devastating drought attacked Bengal in the year 1770 A.D. Lakhs of people died due to
hunger. The British did not take any steps to save people from drought. On the contrary, Lord Cornwallis
insisted that they should pay their revenue. Thus due to hard and unjust revenue policy and cruel
behavior of the British, the peasants of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa got ruined.
2 What was the result of The Permanent Settlement Act?
A.2. Governor General Cornwalis enforced The Permanent Settlement Act in order to collect revenue.
According to this act, the British fixed a certain amount of revenue to be paid on a certain piece of land
every year. The landlords had to collect their revenue from the farmers. As the company fixed its income,
there arose a group of landlords who were always on the British side. The farmers were affected very
badly. They worked hard in sun and grew crops but in return they earned nothing. They became debtors.
As a result of Permanent Settlement, the condition of farmers became pitiable and they were exploited by
the Britishers.
L 7 Answer the following question.
Q.1. State the possible adverse effects of global warming (write five or six points on it).
A.1. The possible adverse effects of global warming are as follows:
1. Certain species of birds are now becoming extinct like sparrow and vulture.
2. 2000 snow rivers of Himalayas have melted.
3. Calamities like famine, cyclone, excessive rain and floods have increased.
4. The level of ground water has decreased.
5. Sea water level is increasing due to the melting of snow.
6. There will be a change in the cycle of season.
7. There is a continuous decrease in the agricultural produce.
8. Beehives are rarely seen.
Q.2. Write a short note on : Necessary steps to prevent global warming. [Write five or six points on it.
A.2. The necessary steps to be taken to prevent global warming are as follows:
1. Reduce the use of sources which release CO2.
2. Plantation of trees, preservation of trees, deforestation etc., should be taken care of.
3. Avoid use of plastic.
4. Adopt organic farming.
5. Stop population increase.
6. Save rain water.

7. Increase the use of CNG.

8. Increase the use of eco-friendly papers.
L8
Answer in Detail
Q.1. How is the Parliament formed in India?
A.1. India consists of the President and the two houses Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha. The Lok Sabha is
the Lower House and the Rajya Sabha is the Upper House of the Parliament. Adults of our country elect
the members of the Lok Sabha by secret voting method. Each state gets seats of Lok Sabha according to
its population. The time duration of Lok Sabha is generally 5 years. The elected members of the
Legislative Assembly of each state votes for the candidates of the Rajya Sabha members. 12 members are
nominated by the President. It is a permanent house. It is never dissolved fully. 1/3 of the members retire
every year and the same number of members are re-elected in their place.
Q.2. How is the Council of Ministers [Government] of India formed?
A.2. After general elections, the leader of the majority party or a coalition of parties which has a clear
majority in the Parliament is appointed as the Prime Minister. The Prime Minister elects ministers from
the members of his party, In this way, the Council of Ministers is formed. The ministers along with Prime
Minister take decision. The Prime Minister hands over the responsibility of different departments to the
members of the Council of Ministers. The Prime Minister also takes the responsibility of one or more
department. In this way, the Council of Ministers is formed .
Lesson 9 Answer in detail
Q. 1. How did the revolt of 1857 AD come to an end?
1. A.1. The revolt of 1857 came to an end in the following way.
1. The British captured Benares and Allahabad in June 1857.
2. The British got victory over Kanpur by the end of July.
3. They captured Delhi in September. Mughal Emperor Bahadur Shah Zafar and his queen were
imprisoned and sent to Rangoon and their sons were murdered.
4. They acquired Lucknow in March 1858.
5. Rani of Jhansi Laxmibai fought bravely but due to the trait of Dulhaji, she had to leave for Kalpi
and afterwards she attained martyrdom. Jhansi was captured by the British.
6. Kunwarsingh of Jagdishpur was wounded in the battle and he died in April 1858.
7. The British defeated the Begum Hazrat Mahal of Avadh and captured Avadh in September, 1858.
Q.2. What were the results of the revolt of 1857 AD?
A.2. The results of the revolt of 1857 were as follows:
1. The rule of East India Company came to an end and India came under the British rule.
2. The British Government stopped interference in the internal matters of the state.
3. The British Government changed their economic and social policy.
4. An increase was made in the amenities, D.A. and salary of the Indian sepoys.
5. A feeling of nationalism was invoked in the people of India.
Q.3. Give a brief account of Jagirdar Kunwarsingh.
A.3. Kunwarsingh was the Jagirdar of Jagdishpur in Bihar. He undertook the leadership of revolt of 1857
A.D. He was 70 at that time. But, he faced the Britishers like a young man and fought bravely. Once he
got hurt by a bullet which pierced his wrist. To stop the spreading of poison all over his body, he cut his
hand from elbow with his sword and offered it to the river Ganges. Before he died, he had freed his
Jagdishpur from the clutches of the Britishers.