Types of Constraints:1. Horizontal-Forces the selected entity to be parallel to the horizontal axis of the coordinate system.

2. Vertical- Forces the selected entity to be vertical to the vertical axis of the coordinate system.
3. Perpendicular-Forces the two lines to be perpendicular to each other.
4. Parallel-Forces the two entities to be parallel to each other.
5. Tangency-Forces the selected line to be tangent to selected arc or circle.
6. Concentricity-Used to make two entities concentric to each other.
7. Coincidence-Used to make two entities coincident at a particular at a particular point.
8. Fix-Used to lock or freeze the location of an entity at a desired location.
9. Symmetry-To make two entities equidistant from a centre line.
10. Angle-Used to define an angle between two entities.

Fillet
A fillet is an arc which could be elliptical or circular, but it is always to its corresponding entities.
A fillet can be an arc but the vice versa is not true.

3D Model
The sketch has to be created in 2-D environment, then switch over to 3-D environment.
The sketch to be used for a 3-D model should be a closed profile.
Sketch should not be self-intersecting.
There should be no overlapping of the entities, otherwise it would give open profile error.
Only one sketch should be used to create a particular feature of a 3-D model.

Part Modeling
Part Modeling is the definition of creating a 3D part in the part design workbench with the help of a 2D
profile sketched in the sketcher workbench.
The sketcher workbench is inbuilt within the part design workbench.

Feature based modeling

To create a 3D part with the help of individual features on different reference entities in the part design
workbench.
In feature based modeling we break up the 3D model into individual features and we always start the 3D
model with the base features on which the rest of the features are aligned at different orientations.
A solid model depending upon its geometry can't be created by a single 3D command.

Parent-Child Relationship
Every successive feature is either dependent on the previous feature or the main body of the 3D model.
The main body of the 3D model will be the parent feature and all the feature dependent on parent
model is child model. In case of dependency of the successive feature on the previous feature, the
previous feature will be the parent of the successive feature.
Parametric Model
It is a history based model which can e edited at any point of time. The parameters could be a sketch a
point, plane or a feature.
The Bi-Directional Associativity
In Catia there are multiple workbenches which are connected to each other, & if we make a change in
one of the workbenches the change will be reflected on the connected workbenches.

Pad
Condition of thickness of a 2D sketch in the direction normal to the sketch.

A flat face of a solid can also be used as a reference plane to create a 3D model or 3D feature.

Pocket
It is the opposite of Pad, where we reduce the material from an existing solid.

Construction Geometry in Sketcher

It is the reference geometry which is used in the sketcher mode to create 2D sketches, which acts as a
support to 2D sketch, but it doesn't take part in 3D operation.

Shaft
It is used to create a cylindrical solid by revolving the half of the cross section of the solid along the axis
of the revolution of the solid.

Groove (Revolve Cut)

It is used to create a cylindrical cut in a solid.

Edge Fillet
This is a3D fillet. It is used to round the corners of a 3D Solid.

Stiffener
Used to create ribs to solids to open sections & the end points of the section of rib profile or stiffener
profile may end on curved surfaces of corresponding solids

Extrusion along a Direction

Here, a sketch or a profile can be extruded along a direction which is not normal to sketch or profile. For
extrusion along a direction there has to be an axis or line to define the direction of extrusion.
In order to use this uncheck the normal to profile in the pad definition dialog box.

These are various depth option which are available in the pad definition dialog box, as per the
requirement we can use the different option. The option are as follows:1) Blind Depth-Used to define specify a particular height of extrusion
2) Through-Used to a pad definition or a pocket definition crossing through all the surfaces of the solid
3) Up to Next-Used to create a pad or pocket definition upto the next surface, which does not affect the
other surfaces
(Blind-Dimension)

Tri-Tangent Fillet
Fillet which is tangent to three adjacent surfaces
Pick the parallel surfaces first then select a middle surface, which is between the two parallel surfaces.

Draft
Used to apply draft on the surfaces of the solid. This command is effectively used for mould & cast
components, where easy ejection of these component is required.
Neutral element is always perpendicular to the draft surfaces.

Shell
Open solids which are either open or closed.

Rib
If we move a cross section which is a closed profile which is a solid along the path which is normal to the
cross section, the resultant solid will be a rib or swept solid.

Profile-Cross Section
Center Curve-Profile

Merger & Free Ends in ribs sweep

Spline is a non-uniform continuous curve passing through n no. of pts.

If path is open or closed but cross section is closed then the resultant geometry is a solid.
But if vice versa happens then the resultant will be surface.
Merge End-This option is used to extend the ends of the feature to merge with the nearest end face of
an existing reference feature.

Slot Feature (Sweep Cut)

Used to create a slot through material reduction, with the parameters of rib command in an existing
solid.

Rectangular Pattern
Pattern-Systematic arrangement of multiple objects which are similar in nature (copies) of the original
object through a pitch (Distance between two objects).
2) It will create a pattern around a circle which is called a pitch circle & whose diameter has to be
mentioned along the axis or the centre point of the pitch circle.

Multi Section Solid

To merge two or more than one solid which are parallel to one another or they could be along a
trajectory.
Vertices should be the same.
The closing point should be in the same direction.
In order to merge two cross-sections with different no of vertices or sides we will create couplings to
control the vertices of the two cross-sections.

In case we are sketch from another sketch then we must break the relations between two sketches

In order to create 3D solid where we have better control over surface, curves & dimensions we invoke
wireframes & surfaces. While creating model of surfaces we must switch to wireframe & surface design
or generated surface design. All the 3D commands which are available in part or solid workbench will be
there in surface design workbench.

Sweep
This is rib command.

A Multi-Section Solid has to be created by intersecting guide curves & the surface.
*One Sketch for one guide curve.

Trim Surface
Select the two surfaces & keep the common surfaces

How to convert a surface into solid:Go to part design after all the operations
Then surface based features in Insert Toolbar & then thick surface & then assign solid thickness.

Assembly Feature
With the help of assembly constraints available in the assembly design workbench.
There are two methods of assembling parts:1. Bottom Up assembly: We create all the parts in part design workbench & then assemble these parts in
the assembly design workbench. This approach is widely used as it is easier & convenient to use.

2. Top down Assembly: We create all the parts in the assembly design workbench. It is very rarely used
when we are not sure about the final assembly.
1. Contact Constraint: Used to apply a surface to surface contact b/w two selected elements from two
different parts. The elements could be plane, planar faces, cylindrical faces, spherical faces or circular
edges.
2. Insert Offset: Used to place the selected elements of two different elements at a specified distance.
3. Coincidence: It is used for axial elements. It will align the faces of two cylindrical faces.

Ansys Basics

Open Workbench
Static Structural
Drag & Drop to Workbench
Name the Analysis
Engineering Data-Specify the material for the model to be analyzed
Double Click on Engineering Data
Right Click on the New Material Cell & then Left Click on Engineering Data Sources
Then Select Material
Then Click on Structural Steel (Default) to see the properties of it.
Double Click on Geometry Area
New Window will open of Geometry Area
Specify the Units
Then File-Import External Geometry File-Select File-Then Click Generate
Double Click on Model
Model Window will open
Right Click on Mesh then Generate Mesh
Select Supports & apply Support
Then Apply Load
Then Select Solution
Select Stresses, Deformations, Strains etc
Then Right Click on Solution & then select Solve