Formulas and Theorems for the

Special Functions
of Mathematical Physics
Dr. Wilhelm Magnus
Professor at the New York University
Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences

Dr. Fritz Oberhettinger

Professor at the Oregon State University
Department of Mathematics

Dr. Raj Pal Soni

Mathematician
International Business Machines Corporation

Third enlarged Edition

Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York 1966

Contents
Chapter I.

T h e g a m m a f u n c t i o n a n d r e l a t e d functions

1.1 T h e g a m m a function
1.2 T h e function y>(z)
1.3 T h e R i e m a n n zeta function (z)
1.4 T h e generalized zeta function t,(z, <x)
1.5 B e r n o u l l i a n d E u l e r p o l y n o m i a l s
1.6 L e r c h ' s t r a n s c e n d e n t &(z, s, a)
1.7 Miscellaneous results
Literature
Chapter II.

1
1
13
19
22
25
32
35
36

The hypergeometric function

37

2.1 Definitions a n d e l e m e n t a r y relations

2.2 T h e h y p e r g e o m e t r i c differential e q u a t i o n
2.3 G a u s s ' contiguous relations
2.4 L i n e a r a n d higher o r d e r t r a n s f o r m a t i o n s
2.5 I n t e g r a l r e p r e s e n t a t i o n s
2.6 A s y m p t o t i c expansions
2.7 T h e R i e m a n n differential e q u a t i o n
2.8 T r a n s f o r m a t i o n formulas for R i e m a n n ' s P - f u n c t i o n
2.9 T h e generalized h y p e r g e o m e t r i c series
2.10 Miscellaneous r e s u l t s
Literature

37
42
46
47
54
56
57
58
62
64
65

Chapter I I I .
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
3.10
3.11
3.12
3.13

Bessel functions

Solutions of t h e Bessel a n d t h e modified Bessel differential

equation
Bessel functions of i n t e g e r o r d e r
Half odd integer order
T h e Airy functions a n d r e l a t e d functions
Differential e q u a t i o n s a n d a p o w e r series e x p a n s i o n for t h e p r o d u c t of t w o Bessel functions
I n t e g r a l r e p r e s e n t a t i o n s for Bessel, N e u m a n n a n d H a n k e l functions
I n t e g r a l r e p r e s e n t a t i o n s for t h e modified Bessel functions . .
I n t e g r a l s involving Bessel functions
Addition theorems
F u n c t i o n s related t o Bessel functions
P o l y n o m i a l s related t o Bessel functions
Series of a r b i t r a r y functions in t e r m s of Bessel functions . . .
A list of series involving Bessel functions

65
65
69
72
75
77
79
84
86
106
108
120
123
129

Contents

VII

3.14 Asymptotic expansions

3.15 Zeros
3.16 Miscellaneous
Literature
Chapter IV.

138
146
148
151

Legendre fnctions

151

4.1 Legendre's differential equation

4.2 Relations between Legendre fnctions
4.3 The fnctions PJJ (x) and 0" (x). (Legendre fnctions on the cut)
4.4 Special values for the parameters
4.5 Series involving Legendre fnctions
4.6 Integral representations
4.7 Integrals involving Legendre fnctions
4.8 Asymptotic behavior
4.9 Associated Legendre fnctions and surface spherical harmonics
4.10 Gegenbauer fnctions, toroidal fnctions and conical fnctions
Literature
Chapter V.

Orthogonal polynomials

5.1 Orthogonal Systems

5.2 Jacobi polynomials
5.3 Gegenbauer or ultraspherical polynomials
5.4 Legendre Polynomials
5.5 Generalized Laguerre polynomials
5.6 Hermite polynomials
5.7 Chebychev (Tchebichef) polynomials
Literature
Chapter VI.

Kummer's function

6.1 Definitions and some elementary results

6.2 Recurrence relations
6.3 The differential equation
6.4 Addition and multiplication theorems
6.5 Integral representations
6.6 Integral transforms associated with 1F1(a; c; z), U{a, c, z)
6.7 Special cases and its relation to other fnctions
6.8 Asymptotic expansions
6.9 Products of Kummer's fnctions
Literature
Chapter VII.

Whittaker function

7.1 Whittaker's differential equation

7.2 Some elementary results
7.3 Addition and multiplication theorems
7.4 Integral representations
7.5 Integral transforms
7.6 Asymptotic expansions
7.7 Products of Whittaker fnctions
Literature

151
164
166
172
178
184
191
195
198
199
203
204
204
209
218
227
239
249
256
262
262

262
267
268
271
274
. . 278
283
288
293
295
295
295
301
306
311
314
317
321
323

VIII

Contents

Chapter VIII. P a r a b o l i c c y l i n d e r f u n c t i o n s a n d p a r a b o l i c
functions
8.1 Parabolic cylinder functions
8.2 Parabolic functions
Literature
Appendix to Chapter VIII
Chapter IX. T h e i n c o m p l e t e g a m m a f u n c t i o n a n d s p e c i a l
cases
9.1 The incomplete gamma function
9.2 Special cases
Literature
Chapter X. E l l i p t i c i n t e g r a l s , t h e t a f u n c t i o n s a n d e l l i p t i c
functions
10.1 Elliptic integrals
10.2 The theta functions
10.3 Definition of the Jacobian elliptic functions by the theta functions
10.4 The Jacobian zeta function
10.5 The elliptic functions of Weierstrass
10.6 Connections between the parameters and special cases . . . .
Literature
Chapter XI.

Integral transforms

Examples for the Fourier cosine transform

Examples for the Fourier sine transform
Examples for the exponential Fourier transform
Examples for the Laplace transform
Examples for the Meilin transform
Examples for the Hankel transform
Examples for the Lebedev, Mehler and generalised Mehler transform
Example for the Gauss transform
11.1 Several examples of Solution of integral equations of the first
kind
Literature
Appendix to Chapter XI
Chapter X I I .

323
323
333
335
336
337
337
342
357
357
358
371
377
386
387
392
395
395
396
397
397
397
397
397
398
398
465
467
467

T r a n s f o r m a t i o n of S y s t e m s of c o o r d i n a t e s . . 472

12.1 General Transformation and special cases

12.2 Examples of Separation of variables
Literature

472
485
492

L i s t of s p e c i a l S y m b o l s

493

L i s t of f u n c t i o n s

495

Index

500