ModTech2015 Program Book of Abstracts

ModTech International Conference
Modern Technologies in Industrial Engineering

June 17-20, Mamaia, Romania
ModTech 2015
The Third International Conference on
Modern Manufacturing Technologies in Industrial Engineering
Book of Abstracts
June 17-20, 2015

Mamaia, Romania
1

ModTech Publishing House

Blvd. Carol I, No. 28A, Bl. E4, Sc. B, Et.1, Ap. 6, 700504 Iasi, Romania
http://www.modtech.ro
Tel.-Fax: 0040. 332. 415 472
E-mail: office.modtech@gmail.com
Director of Publishing House: Professor Octavian Pruteanu
Redactor: Associate Professor Constantin Carausu
Scientific Referees:
Professor Octavian Pruteanu, DHC
Professor Traian Gramescu
ISSN 2286-4369
Copyright 2015
All rights are reserved to ModTech Professional Association, Iasi, Romania

Content
Conference Committes.....................................................................................................................
Sponsors...........................................................................................................................................
Program Over View ........................................................................................................................
Program Sections.............................................................................................................................
12
Abstracts Plenary Session.............................................................................................................
19
Abstracts Section A ......................................................................................................................
36
Abstracts Section B ......................................................................................................................
86
Abstracts Section C ......................................................................................................................

.
Abstracts Section D ......................................................................................................................
112
Abstracts Section E ......................................................................................................................
209
Abstracts Section F ......................................................................................................................
239
Abstracts Section G ......................................................................................................................
257
Author Index ...................................................................................................................................
289
191

Conference Committees
Honorary Presidents
Professor Violeta-Vali Ciucur, Ph.D., Rector, Constanta Maritime University, Romania.
Professor Octavian Pruteanu, Ph.D., DHC, Vicepresident ModTech Professional Association Iasi,
Romania.
Professor Jerzy Swider, Ph.D., Director of the Institute of Engineering Processes Automation and
Integrated Manufacturing Systems, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland.
Professor Olexander Minayev, Ph.D., Rector, Donetsk National Technical University, Ukraine.
Academician Dr. Hab. Prof. Univ. Ion Bostan Rector, Technical University of Moldova, Republic
of Moldova.
Presidents
Professor Mat. Eliodor Constantinescu, Ph.D., Vice-Rector, Constanta Maritime University,
Romania.
Professor Dumitru Nedelcu, Ph.D., President of ModTech Professional Association Iasi, Romania.
Professor Dr. Hab. inz. Arkadiusz Mezyk, Dean of Mechanical Engineering Faculty, Silesian
University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland.
Professor Ilia Navka, Ph.D., Vice-Rector, Donetsk National Technical University, Ukraine.
Dr. Hab. Prof. Univ. Valerian Dorogan, Vice-Rector, Technical University of Moldova, Republic of
Moldova.
Presidents of Organizing Committee

Associate Professor Ec. Costel Stanca, Ph.D., Dean of Navigation and Naval Faculty, Constanta
Maritime University, Romania.
Lecturer Ciprian Ciofu, Ph.D., Member of Executive Council of ModTech Professional Association
Iasi, Romania.
Assistant Professor Marek Placzek, Ph.D., Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Silesian University
of Technology, Gliwice, Poland.
Professor Alexander Mikhaylov, Ph.D., Donetsk National Technical University, Ukraine.
Dr. Associate Professor Alexei Toca, Dean of Faculty of Engineering and Management in Machine
Manufacturing, Republic of Moldova.
Scientific Committee
Dumitru AMARANDEI, "Stefan cel Mare" University of Suceava, Romania
Silvia AVASILCAI, "Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University of Iasi, Romania
Andrzej BAIER, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
Mihaela BANU, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
Peter BIKFALVI, University of Miskolc, Hungary
Radhey Shyam BENIWAL, CSIR-NISCAIR, New Delhi, India
Esteban BROITMAN, Linkoping University, Sweden
Leandru Gheorghe BUJOREANU, "Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University of Iasi, Romania
Konstantinos -Dionysios BOUZAKIS, "Aristotelis" University of Salonic, Greece
4

Ion BOSTAN, Technical University of Moldova, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova

Nicolae BLC, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Florin BLAGA, University of Oradea, Romania
Gheorghe BRABIE, "Vasile Alexandri" University of Bacau, Romania
Paul Dan BRNDASU, "Lucian Blaga"University of Sibiu, Romania
Andrzej BUCHACZ, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
Doru BARDAC, "Politehnica" University of Bucharest, Romania
Ioan CARCEA, "Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University of Iasi, Romania
Constantin CARAUSU, "Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University of Iasi, Romania
Gabriela CARJA, "Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University of Iasi, Romania
Tudor CHERECHES, Military Academy of Bucharest, Romania
Ciprian CIOFU, "Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University of Iasi, Romania
Violeta-Vali CIUCUR, Constanta Maritime University, Romania
Francisco CHINESTA, Ecole Centrale Nantes, France
Laurentiu CHIOTOROIU, Jade University of Applied Sciences, Elsfleth, Germany
Viorel COHAL "Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University of Iasi, Romania
Radu COMANECI "Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University of Iasi, Romania
Gheorghe CRETU "Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University of Iasi, Romania
Ioan DOROFTEI, "Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University of Iasi, Romania
Laurentiu Dan GHENGHEA, "Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University of Iasi, Romania
Antnio GONALVES-COELHO, University Nova de Lisboa, Portugal
Joo Paulo DAVIM, University of Aveiro, Portugal
George DRAGHICI, "Politehnica" University of Timisoara, Romania
Cristian DOICIN, "Politehnica" University of Bucharest, Romania
Manuel Alberto M. FERREIRA, ISCTE-IUL, Lisboa, Portugal
Catalin FETECAU, "Dunarea de Jos" University of Galati, Romania
Hidehiro KAMIYA, TAT, BASE, Tokyo, Japan
Natalia KAMANINA, Vavilov State Optical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia
Ziyi GE, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Ningbo, China
Mihai GOANTA, "Dunarea de Jos" University of Galati, Romania
Nil GULER, Istanbul Technical University, Turkey
Traian GRAMESCU, "Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University of Iasi, Romania
Huran LIU, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, China
Alexandru EPUREANU, "Dunarea de Jos" University of Galati, Romania
Cornel IOANA Politechnical Institute, Grenoble, France
Romeo IONESCU, "Stefan cel Mare" University of Suceava, Romania
Gabriel KOST, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
David HUI, University of New Orleans, USA
Vasile KRIVTOV, University of Michigan, USA
Chris LACOR, Vrije University, Brussels, Belgium
Peter LORENZ, University of Applied Sciences Saarbrcken, Germany
Nouras LUPULESCU, "Transilvania" University of Brasov, Romania
Olexander MINAYEV, Donetsk National Technical University, Ukraine
Sarwoko MANGKOEDIHARDJO, Tenth of November Institute of Technology, Surabaya,
Indonesia
Alexandr MALIARENCO, National Technical University of Belarus, Belarus
Sergiu MAZURU, Technical University of Moldova, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
Arkadiusz MEZYK, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
5

Boyan MEDNIKAROV, Naval Academy, Varna, Bulgaria

Alexandru MIHAILOV, UTN Donetsk, Ukraine
Olivera MILOSEVIC, Institute of Technical Sciences, Belgrade, Serbia
Sevasti MITSI, "Aristotelis" University of Salonic, Greece
Corneliu MUNTEANU, "Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University of Iasi, Romania
Antnio MOURO, University Nova de Lisboa, Portugal
Ilia NAVCA, National Technical University of Donetsk, Ukraine
Makio NAITO, JWRI, Osaka University, Japan
Vasile NASTASESCU, Military Academy of Bucharest, Romania
Dumitru NEDELCU, "Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University of Iasi, Romania
Nicolae OANCEA, "Dunarea de Jos" Unversity of Galati, Romania
Emil OANTA, Constanta Maritime University, Romania
Constantin OPREAN, "Lucian Blaga" University of Sibiu, Romania
Cezar OPRISAN, "Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University of Iasi, Romania
Viorel PAUNOIU, "Dunarea de Jos" University of Galati, Romania
Marcel Sabin POPA, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Remon Pop ILIEV, UOIT University, Oshawa, Canada
Mihaela PICU, "Dunarea de Jos" University of Galati, Romania
Marek PLACZEK, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
Octavian PRUTEANU, "Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University of Iasi, Romania
Serban RAICU, "Politehnica" University of Bucharest, Romania
Akos REDEY, University of Pannonia, Veszprem, Hungary
Robert O. RITCHIE, University of California, Berkeley, USA
Loredana SANTO, "Tor Vergata" University of Rome, Italy
Francisco SANTOS, University of Valladolid, Spain
Mamoru SENNA, Keio University, Japan
Bozena SKOLUD, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
Costel STANCA, Constanta Maritime University, Romania
Nadezda STEVULOVA, Technical University of Kosice, Slovakia
Andrey N. STRELETSKII, N.N. Semenov Institute, Moscow, Russia
Carol SCHNAKOVSZKY, "Vasile Alecsandri" University of Bacau, Romania
Anatolii SUSLOV, Technical University of Briansk, Russia
Janos SZAVA, "Transilvania" University of Brasov, Romania
Jerzy SWIDER, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
Razvan TAMAS, Constanta Maritime University, Romania
Alexei TOCA, Technical University of Moldova, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
Pavel TOPALA, "Alecu Russo" University of Balti, Republic of Moldova
Marcel VAN DE VOORDE, University of Technology DELFT, Netherlands
Gabriel VASILE, CNRS, Grenoble, France
Petrica VIZUREANU, Technical University "Gheorghe Asachi" of Iasi, Romania
Aurelian VLASE, "Politehnica" University of Bucharest, Romania
Andrzej WROBEL, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
Remus ZAGAN, Constanta Maritime University, Romania
Organizing Committee
Constanta Maritime University, Constanta, Romania
Members: Lecturer PhD Danut Argintaru, Assoc. Prof. PhD Eng. Paulica Arsenie, Lecturer PhD Eng.
6

Ion Omocea, Prof. PhD Eng. Dan Popa, Assoc. Prof. PhD Eng. Alexandra Raicu, Lecturer PhD Eng.
Liviu Stan, Lecturer PhD Ec. Felicia Surugiu
Professional Association ModTech Iasi-Romania
Members: Prof. Traian Gramescu, Prof. Gheorghe Plesu, Prof. Gavril Musca, Sl. Margareta Coteata,
Assoc. Prof. Constantin Carausu, Assoc. Prof. Viorel Cohal, Prof. Corneliu Munteanu, Prof. Ioan
Carcea, Assoc. Prof. Romeu Chelariu, Assoc.Prof. Radu Comaneci, Prof. Remus Zagan, Prof. Ioan
Doroftei, Prof. Petrica Vizureanu, Prof. Viorel Goanta, Prof. Gabriel Badescu, Prof. Catalin Fetecau,
Assoc. Prof. Laurentiu Dan Ghenghea, Prof. Viorel Paunoiu, Prof. Adrian Mihai Goanta, Prof. Tudor
Chereches, Lecturer Elisabeta Ciortea, Prof. Aurora Catalina Ianasi, Assoc.Prof. Magda Sficlea,
Assoc.Prof. Monica Iordache, Assoc.Prof. Iosif Dumitrescu
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering of Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
Members: Lecturer Katarzyna Bialas, PhD Eng., Lecturer Mariusz Hetmanczyk, PhD Eng., Lecturer
Michal Majzner, MSc. Eng., Lecturer Piotr Michalski, PhD Eng., Lecturer Iwona Paprocka, PhD Eng.,
Lecturer Dominik Rabsztyn, MSc. Eng., Lecturer Agnieszka Sekala, PhD Eng., Lecturer Andrzej
Wrobel, PhD Eng.
Donetsk National Technical University, Ukraine
Members: Assoc.Prof. Roman Grubka, Assoc. Prof.Medvedev Vadim Grubka,Assoc. Prof.Victor
Polchenko,Post-graduate student Irina Petryaeva,Post-graduate student Hanna Dolhykh,Engineer
Kulbida Olga
Technical University of Moldova, Republic of Moldova
Members: Dr. Assoc. Prof. Univ. Sergiu Mazuru, Head of Department of Machine Manufacturing
Technology; Dr. Hab. Prof. Univ. Petru Stoicev, Head of Department of Machines and Production
Systems; Dr. Hab. Prof. Univ. Valeriu Dulgheru, Head of Base Machines Design; Dr. Assoc. Prof.
Univ. Iurie Ciofu, Head of Department of Materials Technology and Study; Dr. Assoc. Prof.Univ.
Valeriu Podborschi, Head of Department of Industrial Design and Product; Dr. Assoc. Prof.Univ.
Demian Usanli, Head of Department of Engineering and Management in Production Systems; Dr.
Assoc. Prof. Univ. Vasile Cartofeanu, Dean of Mechanical and Transports Faculty.
Conference Secretariat
ModTech2015 Secretariat, Constanta, Romania:
Contact Persons: Assist. Prof. Eng. Daniela Deacu, Assist. Prof. PhD. Eng. Tiberiu Axinte
Tel. +40 755 210 720; Email: ModTech2013@universitateamaritima.ro
ModTech 2015 Secretariat, Iasi, Romania:
Contact person: Assoc. Prof. Constantin Carausu, Ph.D.
Tel-Fax: +40.332.41 54 72; Email: office@modtech.ro
ModTech2015 Secretariat, Gliwice, Poland:
Contact person: Assistant Prof. Marek Placzek
Tel-Fax: +48 32 237 24 37; +48 32 237 16 24; Mobile: +48 668 365 737; Email:
marek.placzek@polsl.pl
ModTech2015 Secretariat, Donetsk, Ukraine:
Contact Persons:Kulbida Olga
Tel./Fax: +38 062 3050104; +38 062 3010805; Mobile: +38 050 6202396; Email:
tm@mech.dgtu.donetsk.ua; mntk21@mail.ru
ModTech2015 Secretariat, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova:
Contact Persons:Assoc. Prof. Alexei Toca
Tel.: +373 22 50 99 50; Email: a_toca@mail.utm.md

Sponsors
http://www.nanovea.com/
http://www.romautomatic.ro/
http://www.redesignsolutions.ro/

PROGRAM OVER VIEW

Time
700
800
900
10
00
15
30
45
60
15
30
45
60
15
30
45
60
15
30
45
60
Wednesday,
Thursday,
June 17, 2015
June 18, 2015
Friday,
June 19, 2015
BREAKFAST
Flora Hotel Restaurant
BREAKFAST
Flora Hotel
Restaurant
Plenary Session
-Orhideea RoomChairman, Dr. Jae-Ho Jeon
Korea Institute of Materials Science, South Korea

Prof. Olivera Milosevic, Institute of Technical Sciences of the Serbian
Academy of Sciences and Arts, Belgrade, Serbia
HIERARCHICALLY ORGANIZED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
PROCESSED THROUGH SOFT CHEMICAL ROUTES
Prof. Rainer Gadow, University of Stuttgart, Germany
PRODUCT INNOVATION WITH FIBER REINFORCED CERAMIC
COMPOSITES MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGIES OF
LIGHTWEIGHT STRUCTURES FOR EXTREME OPERATING
CONDITIONS
Prof. Marcel Van de Voorde, Delft University of Technology, Netherlands
REVOLUTIONARY DEVELOPMENTS OF NANOTECHNOLOGY, IN
THE FUTURE EDUCATION RESEARCH INNOVATION
INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS
Prof. Chris Lacor, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium
EFFICIENT UNCERTAINTY QUANTIFICATION IN ENGINEERING
WITH POLYNOMIALCHAOS
1100
12
00
Saturday,
June 20, 2015
15
30
45
60
COFFEE BREAK
Plenary Session
-Orhideea Room-
15
30
45
60
Chairman, Prof. Remus Zagan

Prof. Fiqiri Hodaj, National Polytechnique Institute of Grenoble, France
TRIP
BREAKFAST
Sections: A, B
Oral
Presentation
Magnolia 1
Room
1st Floor
Papers ID:
A-31A-45
B-17B-24
Poster
Presentation
Foyer Magnolia
1st Floor
A40, A42, B21
Danube Delta
Sections: A, B
Oral
Presentation
Magnolia 1
Room
1st Floor
Papers ID:
A-46A-59
B-25B-28
Poster
Presentation
Foyer Magnolia
1st Floor
A55
Sections: C
Oral
Presentation
Orhideea Room
10th Floor
Papers ID:
C-40C-59
Poster
Presentation
Foyer
Magnolia
st
1 Floor
C46, C47, C48,
C51,C52
Sections: D, E
Oral
Presentation
Magnolia 2
Room
1st Floor
Papers ID:
D-11D-14
E-15E-22
Poster
Presentation
Foyer
Magnolia
st
1 Floor
D12, D13
COFFEE BREAK
Sections: C
Sections: D, E
Oral
Oral
Presentation
Presentation
Orhideea Room
Magnolia 2
10th Floor
Room
1st Floor
Papers ID:
Papers ID:
C-60C-82
D-15D-19
E-23E-31
Poster
Poster
Presentation
Presentation
Foyer
Foyer
Magnolia
Magnolia
1st Floor
1st Floor
C61, C66, C71,
D18
C72, C74, C76,
C79
Sections: F, G
Oral
Presentation
Small Orhideea
Room
10th Floor
Papers ID:
F-10F-14
G-17G-25
Poster
Presentation
Foyer
Magnolia
st
1 Floor
Sections: F, G
Oral
Presentation
Small
OrhideeaRoom
10th Floor
Papers ID:
F-15F-18
G-26G-33
Poster
Presentation
Foyer
Magnolia
1st Floor
F15, F16, G29,
G31
CLOSING CEREMONY / PAPERS AWARDS

General Meeting

of ModTech Professional Association
Magnolia 1 Room, 1st Floor
FACTORS GOVERNING THE GROWTH KINETICS OF

INTERMETALLICS AT SOLDER / SUBSTRATE INTERFACE
Prof. Hong Seok Park, University of Ulsan, South Korea
DEVELOPMENT OF INFRARED STACKING PROCESS FOR
AN AUTOMOTIVE PART
15
13
00
REGISTRATION
Prof. Der-Jang Liaw, National Taiwan University of Science and

Technology, Taiwan
FUNCTIONAL POLYMERS VIA PRECISION POLYMERIZATION:
SYNTHESIS, OPTOELECTRONIC AND PHOTOVOLTAICS
APPLICATIONS
Prof. Wojciech Sitek, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
APPLICATION OF FUZZY SYSTEMS TO CALCULATION OF THE
HARDENABILITY OF THE STEEL
Prof. Petrica Vizureanu, Gh. Asachi Technical University of Iasi, Romania
EXPERT SYSTEMS USED FOR THERMAL PROCESSES
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800
30
45
60
15
30
45
60
15
30
45
60
15
30
45
60
15
30
45
60
15
30
LUNCH BREAK
Opening Ceremony. Welcome

addresses
-Orhideea RoomPlenary Session
-Orhideea RoomChairman, Assoc. Prof. Radu
Comaneci
Gh. Asachi Technical University of
Iasi, Romania
Prof. Esteban Broitman, Linkoping
University, Sweden
TRIBOLOGICAL ISSUES IN
MICROMACHINES
Sections: A, B
Oral
Presentation
Magnolia 1
Room
1st Floor
Papers ID:
A-1A-15
B-1B-8
Poster
Presentation
Foyer
Magnolia
st
1 Floor
B3
Sections: A, B
Oral
Presentation
Sections: C
Oral
Presentation
Orhideea Room
10th Floor
Sections: D, E
Oral
Presentation
Magnolia 2 Room
1st Floor
Papers ID:
C-1C-19
Papers ID:
D-1D-5
E-1E-7
Poster
Presentation
Foyer Magnolia
1st Floor
D4
Poster
Presentation
Foyer Magnolia
1st Floor
COFFEE BREAK
Sections: C
Sections: D, E
Oral
Oral
Presentation
Presentation
Sections: F, G
Oral
Presentation
Small Orhideea
Room
10th Floor
Papers ID:
F-1F-4
G-1G-8
Poster
Presentation
Foyer Magnolia
1st Floor
F2
Sections: F, G
Oral
Presentation
10
Laboratories
Tour of the
Constanta
Maritime
University

45
60
Prof. Ziyi Ge, NIMTE, Chinese

Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
HIGHLY EFFICIENT POLYMER
SOLAR CELLS
Prof. Thomas Graule, EMPA, Swiss
Federal Laboratories for Materials and
Technology, Switzerland
CERAMIC BASED
NANOCOMPOSITES A
PROCESSING CHALLENGE
Magnolia 1
Room
1st Floor
Papers ID:
A-16A-30
B-9B-16
Poster
Presentation
Foyer
Magnolia
1st Floor
A25, A27,
B13
Orhideea Room
10th Floor
Magnolia 2 Room
1st Floor
Papers ID:
C-20C-39
Papers ID:
D-6D-10
E-8E-14
Poster
Presentation
Foyer Magnolia
1st Floor
Poster
Presentation
Foyer Magnolia
1st Floor
C28, C38
Small
OrhideeaRoom10th Floor
Papers ID:
F-5F-9
G-9G-16
Poster
Presentation
Foyer Magnolia
1st Floor
Prof. Razvan Tamas, Maritime

University of Constanta, Romania
NUMERICAL METHODS FOR
TIME-DOMAIN AND
FREQUENCY-DOMAIN
ANALYSIS: APPLICATIONS IN
ENGINEERING
1900
15
30
45
60
15
2000
DINNER
2100
2200
30
45
60
15
30
45
60
15
30
45
60
GALA
DINNER
Flora Hotel
Restaurant
DINNER
11

Program Sections
Orhideea Room: Plenary Session / Keynote Speakers
Wednesday, June 17, 2015
1700-1900
Chairman, Assoc. Prof. Radu Comaneci
Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi, Romania
Prof. Esteban Broitman, Linkoping University, Sweden
TRIBOLOGICAL ISSUES IN MICROMACHINES
Prof. Ziyi Ge, NIMTE, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China

HIGHLY EFFICIENT POLYMER SOLAR CELLS
Prof. Thomas Graule, EMPA, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials and
Technology, Switzerland
CERAMIC BASED NANOCOMPOSITES A PROCESSING CHALLENGE
Prof. Razvan Tamas, Maritime University of Constanta, Romania

NUMERICAL METHODS FOR TIME-DOMAIN AND FREQUENCYDOMAIN ANALYSIS: APPLICATIONS IN ENGINEERING
12


Thursday, June 18, 2015
900-1100
Chairman, Dr. Jae-Ho Jeon
Korea Institute of Materials Science, South Korea
Prof. Olivera Milosevic, Institute of Technical Sciences of the Serbian
Academy of Sciences and Arts, Belgrade, Serbia
HIERARCHICALLY
ORGANIZED
FUNCTIONAL
PROCESSED THROUGH SOFT CHEMICAL ROUTES
MATERIALS
Prof. Rainer Gadow, University of Stuttgart, Germany

COMPOSITES
MANUFACTURING
TECHNOLOGIES
OF
LIGHTWEIGHT
STRUCTURES
FOR
EXTREME
OPERATING
CONDITIONS
Prof. Marcel Van de Voorde, Delft University of Technology, Netherlands

REVOLUTIONARY DEVELOPMENTS OF NANOTECHNOLOGY, IN
THE FUTURE EDUCATION RESEARCH INNOVATION
INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS
Prof. Chris Lacor, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium

EFFICIENT UNCERTAINTY QUANTIFICATION IN ENGINEERING
WITH POLYNOMIALCHAOS
1100-1115
Cofee Break
13


1115-1315
Chairman, Prof. Remus Zagan
Constanta Maritime University, Romania
Prof. Fiqiri Hodaj, National Polytechnique Institute of Grenoble, France
FACTORS
GOVERNING
THE
GROWTH
KINETICS
INTERMETALLICS AT SOLDER / SUBSTRATE INTERFACE
OF
Prof. Hong Seok Park, University of Ulsan, South Korea

DEVELOPMENT OF
AUTOMOTIVE PART
INFRARED
STACKING
PROCESS
FOR
AN
Prof. Der-Jang Liaw, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology,

Taiwan
FUNCTIONAL POLYMERS VIA PRECISION
SYNTHESIS,
OPTOELECTRONIC
AND
APPLICATIONS
POLYMERIZATION:
PHOTOVOLTAICS
Prof. Wojciech Sitek, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland

Prof. Petrica Vizureanu, Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi,

Romania
14

Section A & Section B

Oral Presentation: Magnolia 1 Room, 1st floor
Poster Presentation: Foyer Magnolia 1st floor
A. Engineering of Manufacturing Processes: Novel Manufacturing Methods; Advances in
Nontraditional Manufacturing Processes; Virtual Manufacturing; Advanced Methods and Tools for
Computer Integrated Manufacturing; New Industrial Applications; Smart Manufacturing; Energy
Efficiency in Manufacturing.
Presidents:
Dr. Milo Vasi, Institute for Testing of Materials, Belgrade, Serbia
Assoc. Prof. Gheorghe Gurau, Dunarea De Jos, University, Galati, Romania
Secretary:
Eng. Simona Plavanescu, Ph.D. Student, Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University of Iasi, Romania
B. Advances in Composite Materials and Technologies: Advanced Metals, Ceramics and Polymers;
Bio-Materials; Recycling of Materials
Presidents:
Prof. Camelia Cerbu, Transilvania University of Brasov, Romania
Professor Grzegorz wika, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
Secretary:
Dr. Elvis Hozdic, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia

1530-1730
Oral Presentation
Papers ID: A-1A-15; B-1B-8
Poster Presentation*
B3
Friday, June 19, 2015

-
1730-1745
Coffee Break
1745-1930
Oral Presentation
Papers ID:
A-16A-30; B-9B-16
A25, A27, B13
Saturday, June 20, 2015

830-1030
Oral Presentation
Papers ID:
A-31A-45; B-17B-24
A40, A42, B21
1030-1045
Coffeee Break
1045-1200
Oral Presentation
Papers ID:
A-46A-59; B-25B-28
A55
Please follow the steps:

1) Check the author index (Book of Abstracts) for the page number; 2) Go to your abstract and note the ID; 3) Check the
day and room of your presentation.
*
The poster session started after the oral presentation.
15

Section C
Oral Presentation: Orhideea Room 10th floor
C. Characterization, Modeling and Simulation of Mechanical Processes: Mechanical, Structural,
Physical and Geometrical Characterization; Probabilistic Modeling and Analysis
Presidents:
Lecturer Ciortea Mihaela Elisabeta, 1 Decembrie 1918 University of Alba Iulia, Romania
Assoc. Prof. Aleksander Gwiazda, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
Secretary:
Eng. Adriana Mihaela Coroiu, Ph.D. Student, Babes-Bolyai University of Cluj Napoca, Romania

1530-1730
Oral Presentation
Papers ID: C-1C-19
C28, C38
1730-1745
Coffee Break
1745-1930
Oral Presentation
Papers ID: C-20C-39

-

830-1030
Oral Presentation
Papers ID: C-40C-59
C46, C47, C48, C51, C52
1030-1045
Coffeee Break
1045-1200
Oral Presentation
Papers ID: C-60C-82
C61, C66, C71, C72, C74,
C76, C79

*
16

Section D & Section E

Oral Presentation: Magnolia 2 Room 1st floor
D. Robotics and Computer Integrated Manufacturing: Industrial Robots, CIM Systems, Biological
Inspired Robotics, Social Robotics, Entertainment Robotics
Presidents:
Lecturer Dr. Sinan Sezek, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
Phys. Mircea-Petru Ursu, Ph.D., University of Oradea, Romania
Secretary:
Lecturer Radu Caliman, Vasile Alecsandri University of Bacau, Romania
E. Technology Transfer: Knowledge Management Case Studies; Knowledge Communication;

Knowledge Portals, Innovation and Engineering Education; Business Intelligence; Business Process
Modeling and Analysis, Process Planning and Flexible Workflow; Security in Business Process
Presidents:
Prof. Silvia Avasilcai, "Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University of Iasi, Romania
Eng. Nicolae Fildan President of AGIR, Constanta Branch
Secretary:
Assistant Prof. Iwona Paprocka, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland

1530-1730
Oral Presentation
Papers ID: D-1D-5; E-1E-7
D4
1730-1745
Coffee Break
1745-1930
Oral Presentation

-

830-1030
Oral Presentation
D12, D13
1030-1045
Coffeee Break
1045-1200
Oral Presentation
D18

*
17

Section F & Section G

Oral Presentation: Small Orhideea Room 10th floor
F. Micro- and Nano- Technologies: New Developments in Micro/Nano Scale Processes; Fabrication
of Nanostructure and Materials: Nanofilms, Nano-bubbles, Nano-droplets, Nanofluids
Presidents:
Eng. Alexandr Ojegov, A.Russo University, Balti, Republic of Moldova
Prof. Corneliu Munteanu, Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University of Iasi, Romania
Secretary:
M. Sc. Irina Arhire, University of Stuttgart, Germany
G. Maritime Engineering and Navigation: Maritime Engineering and Technologies, Maritime
Transport and Economics.
Presidents:
Prof. Raicu Serban, Politehnica University of Bucharest, Romania, Member of the Academy of
Technical Sciences of Romania
Assoc. Prof. Serban Berescu, Constanta Maritime University, faculty of Navigation and Maritime
Transport, Constanta, Romania
Secretary:
Lecturer Nadia Belu, University of Pitesti, Romania

1530-1730
Oral Presentation
Papers ID: F-1F-4; G-1G-8
F2
1730-1745
Coffee Break
1745-1930
Oral Presentation

-

830-1030
Oral Presentation
1030-1045
Coffeee Break
1045-1200
Oral Presentation
F15, F16, G29, G31

*
18

Abstracts Plenary Session
19

Keynote Speaker
TRIBOLOGICAL ISSUES IN MICROMACHINES
Esteban Broitman
Thin Film Physics Division, IFM, Linkping University, SE581 83 Linkping, Sweden
Corresponding author: Esteban Broitman, esbro@ifm.liu.se
Abstract: Micromachines
are mechanical machines designed in the range 100 nm to 100 m in size, and
usually fabricated with semiconductor technologies to integrate mechanical components with
electronics on a single chip. Known also as MEMS (micro-electro-mechanical systems), present
industrial applications include accelerometers in automotive systems, inkjet printer heads, game
controllers, and rotation sensors for smartphones.
Most of commercial micromachines are designed as transducers for applications with no contact or
sliding: they are either sensors or actuators. Despite of niche industrial applications with designs of
more complex MEMS devices containing moving mechanical assemblies (MEMS-MMA) like
micromotors, gears and levers, the commercial production of these kind of micromachines is
inexistent. The main problem in micromachines is tribological: the presence of stiction, high friction
and wear between the small components. Adhesion at the microscale is a consequence of van der
Waals forces: electrostatic interactions between surface dipoles and charges, as well as capillary
phenomena and chemical forces. Friction and wear are inevitable in mechanisms where components in
contact have relative motion. Friction become increasingly significant as the system size shrinks and it
is a crucial factor that determines not only efficiency but durability. Therefore, it becomes critical on
the microscale and is one of the fundamental limitations in the design of reliable micromotors,
microgenerators, and microengines. Lubrication for decreasing friction and wear in these devices is
difficult, because capillary forces created by confining liquids to small geometries is in the same order
of magnitude as actuation forces generated by micromachines. Therefore, only solid or vapor-phase
lubrication can be used. However, there are some applications like stepper motors taking advantage of
friction: with step sizes on the order of 10 to 100 nm, and actuation forces in the milli-Newton scale,
they could be used for positioning optical, data storage, and medical applications.
This work focuses on the main tribological issues of micromachines. Basic silicon mechanical and
tribological properties and micromachining methods are reviewed. Solid lubrication by depositing
carbon-based coatings using thin film technology, and liquid lubricants applied by vapor-phase
lubrication are discussed. Potential improvements and economic feasibility issues are also addressed.
20

Keynote Speaker
HIGHLY EFFICIENT POLYMER SOLAR CELLS
Xinhua Ouyang, Ruixiang Peng, Xingye Zhang, Ling Ai & Ziyi Ge
Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering (NIMTE), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS),
Ningbo 315201, China
Corresponding author: Ziyi Ge, geziyi@nimte.ac.cn
Polymer solar cells (PSCs) have been currently attracting an extensive attention and gaining
increasing importance due to their applied prospect as renewable, lightweight and low-cost energy
sources1-2. Recent advances in polymer solar cells performance have been achieved with the reported
power-conversion efficiency (PCE) of PSCs over 9% in the scientific literature3. Nevertheless, the
PSCs power conversion efficiencies are still constrained within 10%, which does not break the
threshold for commercial applications. The development of high-efficient PSCs is still urgently
required. Here, we reported PSCs with exceptionally high PCE which was up to 10.02% using novel
material in single heterojunction conventional PSCs. The material was found to simultaneously offer
good contact for photogenerated charge-carrier collection and allow optimum photon harvest in the
device. Furthermore, the enhanced performance is attributed to improved electron mobility, enhanced
active-layer absorption, and properly active-layer microstructures with optimal horizontal phase
separation and vertical phase gradation. Our discovery opens a new avenue for fully exploiting the
potential of various material systems to move the efficiency of devices over the threshold of 10%.
Abstract:
Fig. 1 Properties of the PSC

Acknowledgment: This work was Financial supported from National Natural Science Foundation of China
(21074144, 21102156, 51273209), Ningbo International Cooperation Foundation (2012D10009, 2013D10013)

and the External Cooperation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. GJHZ1219).
References:
1. Wang, Y.; Yang, F.; Liu, Y.; Peng, R.; Chen, S.; Ge. Z.; New Alkylfuranyl-Substituted Benzo [1,2-b:4,5-b]
dithio phene-Based Donor-Acceptor Polymers for Highly Efficient Solar Cells, Macromolecules 2013, 46,
1368.
2. Yang Wang, Yin Liu, Shaojie Chen, Reixiang Peng, Ziyi Ge. Significant Enhancement of Polymer Solar
Cell Performance via Side-Chain Engineering and Simple Solvent Treatment, Chemistry of Materials2013,
25(15) 3196-3204.
3. He, Z. C. et al. Enhanced power-conversion efficiency in polymer solar cells using an inverted device
structure. Nature Photon. 6, 591-595 (2012).
21

Keynote Speaker
CERAMIC BASED NANOCOMPOSITES A PROCESSING CHALLENGE
Thomas Graule
Empa, Swiss Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for High Performance Ceramics,
berlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dbendorf, Switzerland
Corresponding author: Thomas Graule, thomas.graule@empa.ch
Several Ceramic based nanocomposites will open new applications in structural applications
in machine industry and for medical implants, for sensor development, in energy related technologies
( fuel cells; hydrogen and synthetic fuel generation) as well as in environmental applications e.g. in
nanofiltration and in photocatalysis based degradation of air and water pollutants.
To achieve a good performance of these nanocomposites, the efficient stabilisation of the ceramic
based nanopowders is a prerequisite for the preparation of these highly reliable ceramic
nanocomposites or as translucent or even transparent nanoparticle containing composites.
Agglomeration or re-agglomeration due to Van der Waals forces can be avoided using different
concepts to increase the separation barrier by electrostatic or steric means. Extensive studies using
silica, alumina and zirconia submicron and nanoparticles were therefore performed in order to develop
a basic understanding of the mechanism of dispersing small particles in polar and nonpolar medium.
The effectiveness of the dispersants was evaluated on the basis of adsorption, zeta potential
measurements, transparency and rheology measurements.
Some results for the application of such surface modified nanopowders in nanoceramics and
nanocomposite development are shown.
Abstract:
22

Keynote Speaker
NUMERICAL METHODS FOR TIME-DOMAIN AND FREQUENCY-DOMAIN
ANALYSIS: APPLICATIONS IN ENGINEERING
Razvan D. Tamas
Constanta Maritime University, Str.Mircea cel Batran nr.104, 900663 Constanta, Romania
Corresponding author: Razvan D. Tamas, razvan.tamas@cmu-edu.eu
Abstract: Characteristic
equations modeling different phenomena in engineering do not generally lead to

analytic solutions. Numerical methods are therefore widely used in order to compute solutions to most
equations with linear operators e.g., differential and integral equations. Most phenomena are timedependent, so they can be modeled as functions of time. A time-domain approach would better model
a transient behavior; however, when an oscillatory or repetitive process is investigated, a frequencydomain representation might be preferred. This actually is the case of many problems to be solved in
mechanics, electromagnetism, heat transfer, etc. A frequency-domain approach saves time provided
that the response of a system is needed for a given frequency of oscillation and/or for a small number
of harmonics. Nevertheless, a time-domain analysis with a pulsed excitation would provide thorough
information on the oscillatory response for a myriad of frequencies by means of an inverse Fourier
transform, and that despite of a long computing time.
In this paper, we present and compare two numerical methods primarily employed in
electromagnetism, but potentially applicable to other fields, as similar equations are to be solved.
Although our examples belong to the field of electromagnetism, they are far from being typical and we
show therefore the high flexibility and the potential of application of the two methods. The Method of
Moments (MoM) is a general purpose method for solving equations with a linear operator applied to a
function to be found. It is based on an approximate expansion of the unknown function, by using
known basis functions. Basically, applications of the MoM in electromagnetism deal with functions of
a coordinate (e.g., current distributions); though, we show that time-domain equations can also be
accurately solved, and further a frequency-domain approach is absolutely feasible. The Transmission
Line Method (TLM) is a more specific method that could solely be applied to wave-type differential
equations, as that method is inspired from the way in which a pulse propagates within a transmission
line mesh. It is therefore more appropriated to the time-domain analysis of the propagation of
electromagnetic waves, sound, heat, etc.
An insight of how the two methods could be applied to other fields of engineering is eventually
provided.
Key words: numerical methods, time-domain, frequency-domain, method of moments (MoM), transmission lines matrix
method (TLM).
23

Keynote Speaker
HIERARCHICALLY ORGANIZED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS PROCESSED
THROUGH SOFT CHEMICAL ROUTES
Olivera Miloevi 1, Lidija Mani 1 & Maria Eugenia Rabanal 2
1
Institute of Technical Sciences of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, K.Mihailova 35/IV, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
2
University Carlos III, Avd.Universidad 30, 28911 Leganes, Madrid, Spain
Corresponding author: Olivera Milosevic, olivera.milosevic@itn.sanu.ac.rs
Abstract: Global warming, climate change and natural resources depletion forces tremendous
technological and scientifical research activities for the development of next generation of materials
able to address both the energy and environmental problems. This implies an exciting progress in the
field of nanoscience and nanotechnology, particularly regarding the control synthesis of nanoscaled
particles that might have a great potential for use in solid-state functional materials and devices, like
phosphors, sensors, photovoltaics, catalysts, drug delivery carriers etc. The key points important for
the future research and development of nanophased materials represent the ability for further
improvement of material properties through nanostructuring and fundamental research of structureproperties relationship, from one side, as well as development of assigned and controlled synthesis
route with the ability to ensure nanophase synthesis in a controlled manner, from another.
Among the diversity of the soft chemical approaches for nanomaterials processing, synthesis through
dispersion phase (aerosol) enables generation of ultrafine, either single or complex powders with
controlled stoichiometry, chemical and phase content provided by high heating and cooling rates, short
residence time and high surface reaction. This may favors to the formation of either amorphous,
nanocrystalline or metastable phases that might have a huge impact in the processing of advanced
functional materials having novel and unique structures and properties. Particularly, the opportunities
of the hot wall aerosol processing, provided by high heating and cooling rates, short residence time
and high surface reaction, is demonstrated for the synthesis of spherical three-dimensional (3D),
hierarchically organized nanostructured particles with uniformly distributed components and phases.
The particles composite inner structure, representing an assembly of nanosized primary particles,
opens the possibility for particle surface modification and functionalization emphasizing their
application in photovoltaics, energy transfer and bioimaging. The diverse levels of structural,
morphological and functional complexity are explored by means of appropriate selection of different
precursor solutions, either true or colloid, surface modification and proper selection of rare-earth based
dopants for the generation of either photocatalytic titanium (IV) oxide or a range of both down and upconversion phosphor particles. When one-dimensional (1D) nanomaterials are considered, the
hydrothermal method (HT) is shown to be one of the simplest techniques for their obtaining. With the
help of various analyzing techniques like XRPD, SEM/EDS, FE-SEM, TEM, HR-TEM, STEM,
nanotomography, UV-Vis diffusive reflectance (UV-Vis DRS), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR)
spectroscopy and luminescence measurements, the opportunities of both methods for the synthesis of
novel functional materials based on Gd2O3:Eu, Y2O3:Eu,Yb,Er,Ho,Tm, (Y1-xGdx)2O3:Eu,
Y3Al5O12:Ce, NaYF4, TiO2 etc. for solving energy/environmental problems will be reviewed. The
obtained results offer a general route for the synthesis of nanomaterials with tunable structure,
morphology and optical properties.
Key words: nanoparticles, aerosol, hydrothermal route, phosphors, Ti (IV) oxide.
24

Keynote Speaker
COMPOSITES MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGIES OF LIGHTWEIGHT
STRUCTURES FOR EXTREME OPERATING CONDITIONS
Rainer Gadow1, 2
1
Institute for Manufacturing Technologies of Ceramic Components and Composites (IMTCCC), University of Stuttgart,
Allmandring 7b, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
2
Graduate School of Excellence in advanced Manufacturing Engineering (GSaME), University of Stuttgart, Nobelstrae
12, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
Corresponding author: Rainer Gadow, rainer.gadow@ifkb.uni-stuttgart.de
SiC composites have been developed by various processing methods, i. e. reaction bonding,
CVD/CVI and liquid phase impregnation. This class of composites is handicapped by the high cost of
investment and processing, interface coatings and raw materials and therefore only attractive for
applications in astronautics and military aviation. Polymer Matrix Composites (PMC) are widely used
in lightweight applications. The manufacturing technologies are fully developed and raw materials are
cheap. The major drawback and limiting factor of these reinforced polymers is the limited service
temperatures. Novel composite materials, bridging the gap between PMC and CMC, are manufactured
by the use of polysiloxanes as SiOC matrix precursor. Such competitive free formable composites are
capable for service temperatures up to 650 C even in oxidative atmosphere. In order to make the
material attractive for series applications, cost effective manufacturing technologies like Resin
Transfer Moulding (RTM), filament winding or warm pressing techniques are employed.
Beside the improved thermal and chemical resistivity in comparison to reinforced polymers and light
metals, a major benefit of SiOC composites is investigated in the field of friction materials. A
promising alternative to carbon and synthetic ceramic fibers are mineral based basalt fibers. These
lightweight fibers show high thermochemical stability up to 700 C, are relatively cheap and became
recently available on an industrial scale. Their processing in various manufacturing chains is shown
and the properties of the obtained composites are described. Lightweight, high wear resistance and an
adjustable coefficient of friction make them an interesting and much cheaper alternative for CFC and
CMC.
Abstract:
Key words: ceramic composites, lightweight structures, basalt fibers, polymer derived ceramics.
25

Keynote Speaker
REVOLUTIONARY DEVELOPMENTS OF NANOTECHNOLOGY, IN THE
FUTURE EDUCATION RESEARCH INNOVATION INDUSTRIAL
APPLICATIONS
Marcel Van De Voorde
Delft University of Technology, Eeuwige Laan, 33, 1861 CL Bergen, Netherlands
Corresponding author: Marcel Van De Voorde, marcel.vandevoorde@xs4all.nl
An overview will be given of the history and State of the Art of nanotechnology in the
world; this will cover nanoMaterials (structural-, functional and bioMaterials) and nanotechnologies.
Fundamental research is the backbone for future industrial success including theories; new design of
third generation nanomaterials; characterisation, properties and computer modelling,
Innovations and Technology Applications
-Breakthroughs in communication and information;
-Grand challenges in life science and medical applications;
-Nanomaterials with tailored functionalities for new generation energy sources;
-Role of nanomaterials in transportation: aeronautics and car industry;
-Potentials for the chemical industry;
-Trends in nanotextiles: laundry & home care;
-Opportunities for nanoindustrial- & consumer products: i.e. adhesives, sealants;
-.
Environment and Safety Issues
-Man-Made environment;
-Nanopotentials in Safety (Toxicology) and Security;
-Regulations for safe operation;
-.
Guidelines for a prosperous modern industry and welfare for the society
-Initiate university science/technology institutes -industry partnerships;
-Create European NanoIndustry Centres;
-Install a European Industrial Agency;
-Promote Nanoindustrialisation: Technology Parks, nanometrology and standardization and so on;
-Initiate European Infrastructures for nanomaterials R&D&T;
-Familiarise the Society with the new Culture of NanoTechnology i.e. Consumer protection;
-.............................
Market opportunities for nanomaterials and nanotechnologies
Abstract:
26

Keynote Speaker
EFFICIENT UNCERTAINTY QUANTIFICATION IN ENGINEERING WITH
POLYNOMIALCHAOS
Chris Lacor
Department Mechanical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, Belgium
Corresponding author: Chris Lacor, chris.lacor@vub.ac.be
Abstract: The present
paper focuses on the use of uncertainty quantification (UQ) in engineering.

In the design of engineering systems one typically wants to optimize the output(s) of the system, which
are function of the system inputs, as can be described by:
y=f(x)
Where y is an output and x is a vector of input variables. f is usually a nonlinear relation. E.g. in the
design of an airplane, x will contain the geometrical parameters describing the geometry, as well as the
cruise flow conditions (Mach, AoA, p, T,), whereas y is for instance the drag D which is to be
minimized. The relation between output and input is given either by experiment or a CFD simulation.
Several of the input parameters are in fact uncertain: e.g. in reality, at cruise speed, the Mach number
will deviate from the theoretical one, as well as the other conditions. If one distinguishes between
deterministic input variables d and uncertain input variables u, one has:
y=f(d,u)
We assume that u can be described by a probability density function (PDF), e.g. a Gaussian
distribution, and its moments i.e. mean, variance,
UQ methods allow to propagate the uncertainties through the system, in order to characterize the
uncertainty of the output (with PDF and moments). For instance the mean output is given by (taking
the nonlinearity of f into account):
y f (d , u ) f (d , u )
Implying the mean output cannot be simply obtained on the basis of the mean of the input
uncertainties.
Polynomial Chaos (PC) is a powerful method to deal with the propagation of uncertainties. In the
present talk it will be introduced and illustrated with several examples and complex applications from
the NODESIM-CFD and UMRIDA EU projects.
The main drawback of PC is the so-called curse of dimensionality in case of many uncertainties. Ways
to deal with this will also be discussed.
27

Keynote Speaker
FACTORS GOVERNING THE GROWTH KINETICS OF INTERMETALLICS
AT SOLDER / SUBSTRATE INTERFACE
Fiqiri Hodaj
Grenoble Institute of Technology, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, SIMAP,
F-38000 Grenoble, France
Corresponding author: Fiqiri Hodaj, fhodaj@simap.grenoble-inp.fr
Soldering is and in future will remain an important technological process in microelectronics

and in other fields. In recent years, ternary alloys based on Sn-rich, Sn-Cu and Sn-Ag binary eutectics
have attracted considerable attention as potential Pb-free solders. However, intermetallic layers formed
at the interface between the solder and pads of a printed circuit board may adversely affect the
reliability of solder joints due to excessive growth during storage and service. The inherent complexity
of the substrate-solder systems and a large variety of possible reactions in these materials (their
sequential and concurrent occurrence) makes it extremely difficult to develop a predictive model that
describes quantitatively morphological evolution within the solder joints. This problem becomes more
complex with the continuing trend towards increasing miniaturization of microchips. In this work
some fundamental thermodynamic and kinetic aspects of interfacial interactions between solder alloys
and Cu substrate, confronted with experimental results, will be discussed. Here, we have clearly
established the role of the microstructure of the reaction product on the growth kinetics of intermetallic
layers between liquid solders and Cu substrate by performing two specific series of experiments. The
experimental conditions are chosen such that: (i) for the first series of experiments a significant change
in the driving force of diffusion do not lead to a change in the microstructure of the reaction product
and (ii) for the second series of experiments a drastic change in the microstructure of the reaction
product is provoked by changing the experimental conditions and maintaining practically the same
driving force of diffusion process. A detailed thermodynamic and kinetic analysis of experimental
results is presented in order to model the growth kinetics of interfacial layers under different
conditions and configurations and thus to highlight the factors that govern this growth. The
consequences of the interfacial reactivity on the physical properties of the solder joints obtained in
electronic packaging industry are also discussed for the case of micrometric size systems that operate
under metastable conditions.
Abstract:
Key words: soldering, interfacial reactivity, growth kinetics, metastability, thermodynamics, diffusion.
28

Keynote Speaker
DEVELOPMENT OF INFRARED STACKING PROCESS FOR
AN AUTOMOTIVE PART
Hong- Seok Park & Trung-Thanh Nguyen
School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ulsan,
93 Daehak-ro, Nam-gu, 680-749, Ulsan, South-Korea
Corresponding author: Hong- Seok Park, phosk@ulsan.ac.kr
Stacking plastic is a new technology that uses infrared light as the energy sources in order to
assembly the different plastic parts at the semi-molten temperature. The process takes place in four
basic phases, including clamping, heating, staking & cooling, and retracting. In the processing time,
the plastic is firstly heated, and formed by the impact of die. Subsequently, the cooling process is
conducted in order to reduce the plastic temperature. In comparison with the conventional stacking
technology, this process provides some advantages, such as higher energy efficiency, product quality,
and productivity. In this work, the proposed method that couples between FEA (Finite Element
Analysis), CFD (Computational fluid dynamic), optimization algorithm is employed to simulate and
optimize the stacking plastic process. An automotive part, namely Door Trim with poly polypropylene
material is implemented by using new developed technology. The analysis of sub-process, including
heating, forming and cooling process is conducted in order to identify the significant parameters. The
effects of process parameters, such as heating time, punch time, air flow rate-SCFH on the thermomechanical behavior of the joint has been investigated. The non-linear equations and ABAQUS-based
simulation model are used to predict the plastic temperature after heating process. The material
behavior after forming process is investigated using a simulation model in DEFORM-3D environment.
The integration of ABAQUS and ANSYS Fluent is employed to obtain the time-dependent heat fluxes.
The analyzed results of sub-process are considered as the inputs of holistic optimization of the process
chain. The simulation procedure based on DEFORM-3D multi operation is conducted to integrate subprocess and simulate the sequential steps. Finally, the optimization based on GMDH-type neural
network and Genetic algorithm is employed to obtain optimization results. The optimizing results
indicated that heating time is more contributed to tensile force, following by punch time and SCFH.
The optimum values, including heating time, forming time, and SCFH are 14 second, 14 second, and
60 (ft3/h), respectively. In addition, the results imply that increasing heating time and air flow rate can
contribute significantly the tensile strength of the joint. The correlation between simulation and
experimental results indicates the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Abstract:
Key words: Stacking plastic, FEA and CFD, DEFORM-3D multi operation, the tensile strength, GMDH-type neural
network.
29

Keynote Speaker
FUNCTIONAL POLYMERS VIA PRECISION POLYMERIZATION:
SYNTHESIS, OPTOELECTRONIC AND PHOTOVOLTAICS APPLICATIONS
Qiang Zhang1, Po-I Wang1, Chun-Hsien Wu1, Chou-Yi Tsai1, Ying-Chi Huang1, Wei-Ting
Wang1, Yian Tai1, Jun-Yuan Jeng2, Tzung-Fang Guo2 & Der-Jang Liaw1
1
Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Techenology

2
Department of Photonics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
Corresponding author: Der-Jang Liaw, liawdj@mail.ntust.edu.tw, liawdj@gmail.com
Abstract: Advanced polymer materials such as polyimides (PIs), polyamides (PAs), poly(amide-
imide)s (PAIs), conjugated polymers and polynorbornenes (PNBs) were successfully synthesized
through various polymerization methods including low temperature polycondensation, Suzuki
coupling and ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). PIs derived from different architecture
designs (e.g., noncoplanar, cyclic aliphatic, bulky groups, fluorinated, heterocyclics, perylene, chiral,
and unsymmetrical structure) revealed unique physical-mechanical, electrical and chemical properties.
PAs with the pyridine moiety displayed good film forming abilities, flexibility, high thermal resistance
and proton sensitivity.The (PAIs) synthesized from polycondensation exhibited high viscosity, thermal
stablity (thermal decomposition temperature was higher than 400oC), highly transparency and
flexibility which are important properties for optical applications. The Conjugated polymers were used
for single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) wrapping to separate metallic and semiconducting
nanotubes and their chiralities were characterized by photoluminescence-excitation (PLE) map as well
as UV/vis/NIR absorption sprectra. Polytriarylamines- or poly(triarylamine-fluorene)-based
conjugated polymers possessed water/alcohol solubility and high carrier mobility about 10-3 cm2 V-1
s-1 which were suitable materials for hole-transporting layer of solar cell. Their HOMO levels were
controlled between -4.9 to -5.2 eV to fabricate heterojunction thin film devices which play an
important role in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) and organic photovoltaics (OPVs). When alcohol
soluble polytriarylamine-based conjugated polymers was used in perovskite solar cells, the overall
power conversion efficiency (PCE %) at 6.3% was higher than PSS: PEDOT -based solar cell with
PCE at 3.9%. In addition, the conjugated polymer with hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene (nanographene)
was polymerized by Suzuki coupling and its dispersion prepared by bath soication was characterized
by PLE measurements for graphene optical applications. PNBs synthesized via ROMP showed
excellent transparency at about 90 % and high thermal stability (Tgs > 160 oC) by aromatic
chromophores incorporation, for example, naphthalene, pyrene, fluorene, triphenylamine and
carbazole. Triarylamine-containing polymers cast on flexible graphene-coated PET had electrochromic
properties and capacity for multiple colour change reversibilities. These polymeric materials had high
organo-solubility in common solvents (e.g., tetrahedronfuran, dimethylfoamaide, Nmethylpyrrolidone, dimethylacetamide and dimethylsulfoxide) and as a result can be used to fabricate
optoelectronic devices such as solar cells, organic field effect transistors, polymer memories, and smart
windows through solution process.
Key words: electrochromism, hole-transporting materials, organic photovoltaics, SWCNTs wrapping.
30

Keynote Speaker
Wojciech Sitek & Artur Irla
Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Engineering Materials and
Biomaterials, Konarskiego 18a street, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
Corresponding author: Wojciech Sitek, wojciech.sitek@polsl.pl
Hardenability is one of the main criteria for the selection of steels for machine
components, hence it plays an important role in designing machinery and, therefore, is of
interest to technologists. It dependent primarily on the concentration of carbon and the type and
concentration of alloying elements dissolved in solid solution during austenitizing and the size of the
primary austenite grains. Hardenability describe susceptibility of steel to hardening, expressed
the dependence of hardness increase due to austenitizing conditions and cooling rate. Its
determination can ensure that the assumed distribution of property on the cross section of the heat
treated component. In case of structural heat-treatable steels it depends mainly on the content of the
main alloying elements: C, Mn, Cr, Ni, Mo, V. Today once again hardenability became the subject of
scientific interest, especially because of the possibility of using advanced numerical methods and
computer tools for modeling hardenability. Extensive comparative studies on different methods
for calculating the hardenability indicate a different accuracy for various methods for hardenability
calculation. In the process of designing construction engineer must consider many externals that
interact at the same time on the item. Therefore, it is necessary to reconcile all the criteria so that the
produced constructions perform its role properly. The possibility of the steel production with specific
mechanical properties makes it not difficult to manage these criteria - one of the mechanical properties
under consideration is the hardness of steel, which is affected by the alloying elements. The aim of the
research was to create a fuzzy system which will be allow the calculation of the hardenability of the
steel based on chemical composition and the distance from the quenched end, as well as to predict the
hardenability curves which are the chart of hardness versus the distance from the hardened surface. In
the study, was analyzed many combinations of parameters (eg. the size of the cluster, the range of
impact of the cluster center), which allowed to the creation of many fuzzy systems with the varying
quality. They allow to obtain a response with different accuracy and everyone else manage with the
calculation of hardenability curve. The research on the development of fuzzy system with different
parameters and their analysis allowed to formulate conclusions that this computer tool, which was used
in materials science for forecasting of properties of structural steels, could be successfully used for
other materials and other properties.
Abstract:
Key words: steels, hardenability, Jominy curve, modelling, fuzzy system.
31

Keynote Speaker
Petric Vizureanu
Gheorghe Asachi Technical University from Iai, Romnia
Corresponding author: Petric Vizureanu, peviz2002@yahoo.com
Abstract:
Measurement and numeric control (digital) systems have mainly imposed in the last decades
because the technological revolution within electronic components domain. It is thus obtained a bigger
accuracy in numeric information processing by facilitating the direct connection with computer, a
higher work speed and an increased automation degree of the manufacturing process.
The expert systems are numerical structures of adjusting and automat control using an operation
system, a programming environment and a series of execution elements that fulfill promptly the
commands of the expert systems.
An expert system undertakes a human problem of which solutions can be logically determined by a
natural deductive system (natural system based on a series of solid knowledge) and codes it with the
help of a computer. It results in this manner a software component that interprets the logical solution
and transforms it into a codes solution. If all this process takes place in its expected order, then one can
foresee the expected results.
It was accomplished an original on-line management system in closed circuit with gradual command
of heating electric power and self-adaptive control with PID behavior of temperature.
32

Keynote Speaker
TENDENCIES OF THE OPTICAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES CHANGE VIA
NANO- AND BIO-STRUCTURING
Natalia V. Kamanina
Lab for Photophysics of media with nanoobjects, Vavilov State Optical Institute
Kadetskaya Liniya V.O., dom.5, korpus 2, Str. Petersburg, 199053, Russia
Corresponding author: Natalia V. Kamanina, nvkamanina@mail.ru
The present paper contains of the two parts. The first one in connected with the drastic
improvement of the photorefractive parameters of the organic structures founding via nano- and biostructuring process of the compounds. The spectral, mass-spectral and photoconductive features
supported the photorefractive effect of some conjugated materials, including the liquid crystal ones,
have been presented. The holographic recording technique in the visible spectral range has been used
to investigate the photorefractivity. Some evidences of the influence of the nano- and bioobjects
doping on the laser-induced change of the refractive index have been established. Moreover some
innovative perspective dyes and DNA have been investigated to study the effect of the rotation of the
polarization plane of light. The area of application of the materials to be used in the optoelectronics
and biomedicine has been discussed.
The second part regarded to study the use of the perspective carbon nanotubes in order to improve the
spectral and mechanical characteristics of some inorganic materials, including MgF2, NaCl, KCl, KBr,
etc. Laser deposition technique with the following treatment via surface electromagnetic waves has
been applied at the wavelength of 10.6 micrometers. The evidences of the influence of the covalent
bonded carbon nanotubes with small refractive index at the material surface on the wetting phenomena
have been established. The increase of the microhardness due to the large number of the carbon
nanotubes C-C bonds has been observed. The area of application of the optimized inorganic materials
to be used in the laser techniques, general optoelectronics, displays, and biomedicine has been
discussed.
Abstract:
Acknowledgement: The presented results are partially supported by Russian Foundation for Basic Research
Fond, grant No.13-03-00044 (2013-2015) as well as by FP7 program, Marie Curie International researchers
exchange proposal BIOMOLEC (2011-2015).
Key words: Laser-matter interaction, nano-objects, bio-objects, organics, inorganics, interface.
33

Keynote Speaker
CARBON NANOTUBE THIN FILMS FOR FLEXIBLE ELECTRONICS
APPLICATIONS
Esko I. Kauppinen
Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science,
Puumiehenkuja 2, P.O. Box 16100, FI-00076, Aalto, Finland
Corresponding author: Esko I. Kauppinen, esko.kauppinen@aalto.fi
We present our recent results on single walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) floating catalyst
synthesis and dry deposition of flexible and transparent thin films for touch sensor (TC), field effect
transistor (TFT-FET) and solar cell (SC) applications. High quality SWNTs with tunable diameter,
length and bundle size have been produced from carbon monoxide (CO) using Fe cluster catalyst
produced both via physical evaporation and via ferrocene vapour thermal decomposition in laminar
flow of CO. State-of-the-art flexible SWCNT films on PET (1) show transparency-sheet resistance
properties surpassing those of ITO-PET films, being optically better than ITO, metal nanowires and
metal mesh based TCs. We demonstrate the use SWCNT transparent films as capacitive touch sensors
for mobile devices and as transparent OLED electrodes. We fabricate high performance transparent,
flexible and even moldable all-carbon TFT-FETs with metallic-type conductivity CNT films as source,
drain and gate electrodes and with thick PMMA polymer gate insulator, in addition to using SWCNT
network as FET active i.e. semiconductor material (2). We discuss tube-to-tube contact resistance
dependence on the tube as well as the bundle diameter and the influence of chemical doping, based on
conducting AFM experiments (3). In addition, SWNT thin films were used in novel SWNT-Si solar
cells (4). Also, we developed flexible, high efficiency organic solar cells via replacing ITO electrodes
with SWNT thin films (5).
Abstract:
References:
1. Kaskela, A., A.G. Nasibulin, M. Zavodchikova, B. Aitchison, A. Papadimitratos, Y. Tian, Z. Zhu, H. Jiang,
D.P. Brown, A. Zakhidov and E.I. Kauppinen (2010) Aerosol synthesized SWCNT networks with tuneable
conductivity and transparency by dry transfer technique. NanoLetters 10, 4349-4355.
2. Sun, D.-M., M. Y. Timmermans, A. Kaskela, A. G. Nasibulin, S. Kishimoto, T. Mizutani, E. I. Kauppinen
and Y. Ohno (2013) Moldable, all-carbon integrated circuits. Nature Comminications 4, 2302.
3. Znidarsic, A., Kaskela, A., Laiho, P., Gaberscek, M., Ohno, Y., Nasibulin, A.G., Kauppinen, E.I., and
Hassanien, A. (2013) Spatially Resolved Transport Properties of Pristine and Doped Single-Walled Carbon
Nanotube Networks. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 117, 13324-13330.
4. Cui, K., Anisimov, A.S., Chiba, T., Fujii, S., Kataura, H., Nasibulin, A.G., Chiashi, S., Kauppinen, E.I., and
Maruyama, S. (2014) Air-Stable High-Efficiency Solar Cells with Dry-Transferred Single-Walled Carbon
Nanotube Films. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 2, 11311-11318.
5. Jeon, I., Cui, K., Chiba, T., Anisimov, A.S., Nasibulin, A.G., Kauppinen, E.I., Maruyama, S. And Matsuo, Y.
(2014) Submitted.
34

Keynote Speaker
SMART POWDER PROCESSING FOR ADVANCED MATERIALS
Makio Naito, Takahiro Kozawa, Akira Kondo & Mitsuaki Matsuoka
Joining and Welding Research Institute, Osaka University,
11-1, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki city, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
Corresponding author: Makio Naito, m-naito@jwri.osaka-u.ac.jp
Various novel powder processing techniques have been recenlty developed for advanced
material productions due to the growing of high-tech industry, especially in consideration of green and
sustainable manufacturing. Smart powder processing stands for novel powder processing techniques
that create advanced materials with minimal energy consumption and environmental impacts. Particle
bonding technology is a typical smart powder processing technique to make advanced composites. The
technology has two main unique features. Firstly, it creates direct bonding between particles without
any heat support or binders of any kind in the dry phase. The bonding is achieved through the
enhanced particle surface activation induced by mechanical energy, in addition to the intrinsic high
surface reactivity of nanoparticles. Using this feature, desired composte particles can be successfully
fabricated. The second feature of this technology is its ability to control the nano/micro structure of
assembled composite particles. As a result, it can custom various kinds of nano/micro structures and
can produce new materials with a simpler manufacturing process in comparison to other techniques
such as wet chemical ones.
In this paper, its applications for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) will be explained. LIBs have been
supporting the developments of wide applications from portable electric devices to energy storage
systems of a renewable energy to build a sustainable society. These offer a high operation voltage and
energy density, low self-discharge rate, flexibility and lightness compared with the traditional
batteries. It is generally accepted that cathode materials for LIBs play a key role in their performance
advances. Since the discovery of LiCoO2 as the cathode material, Li-intercalation oxides with
transition metals have been found and investigated over the last decades. Usually, cathode powders are
prepared by solid-state reaction and various solution methods. However, these synthetic methods
require the multi-step processes. Recently, we have demonstrated the synthesis of LiCoO2, LiFePO4
and LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 powders as cathode materials by applying the particle bonding technology using
an attrition-type mill. This mechanical process can directly synthesize the cathode powders from their
starting materials without any heat assiatane. Additionally, the particle design such as composite
granule, porous granule and core@shell particle are easily achieved by this one-step mechanical
processing. In this paper, we will explain the particle design and synthesis of cathode materials for
LIBs by applying the particle bonding technology and introduce the electrochemical performances of
the batteries using their powders.
Abstract:
Key words: smart powder processing, composite particle, nanoparticle synthesis, Lithium-ion battery, energy-saving
process.
35

Abstracts-Section A
Engineering of Manufacturing Processes: Novel Manufacturing Methods; Advances in
Nontraditional Manufacturing Processes; Virtual Manufacturing; Advanced Methods and Tools for
Computer Integrated Manufacturing; New Industrial Applications; Smart Manufacturing; Energy
Efficiency in Manufacturing
36

Paper ID: A-1
SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS OF TRANSIENT QUEUE BEHAVIOUR IN

MANUFACTURING MODEL WITH FAILURES AND BATCHED ARRIVALS
Wojciech M. Kempa 1, Iwona Paprocka 2, Krzysztof Kalinowski 2 & Cezary Grabowik 2
1
Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Applied Mathematics, Institute of Mathematics,

23 Kaszubska Str., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
2
Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Engineering Processes Automation
and Integrated Manufacturing Systems, 18A Konarskiego Str., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
Corresponding author: Wojciech M. Kempa, wojciech.kempa@polsl.pl
The optimal utilization of the manufacturing line requires permanent monitoring of key
reliability characteristics like e.g. failure-free and repair periods durations, the level of the queue of
jobs waiting for service or instantaneous queueing delay. One of the most important stochastic
characteristics of the operation of each manufacturing line is the queue-size distribution i.e. the
distribution of the number of jobs not completely processed or waiting in the buffer queue (see e.g. [1],
[2] and [3]). Time-dependent behaviour of the queue-size distribution can be used in the performance
evaluation of the manufacturing system. In particular, it can be helpful:
in the projection of the buffer size to adjust it to service speed and intensity of arrivals;
in the estimation of the level of manufacturing lines utilization;
in the detection of untypical phenomena during the operation of the system, like periods of
significantly increasing intensity of incoming jobs or, simultaneously, periods of low traffic level;
in the prediction of buffer overflows during which the input flow of new jobs is timely suspended.
Obviously, to simulate the behaviour of the real manufacturing system in different scenarios and to
protect it, eventually, against different-type adverse phenomena occurring in the real traffic, it is
desired and necessary to investigate the sensitivity of the time-dependent queue-size distribution on
input parameters characterizing arrival flow of jobs, service speed, working period duration and
repair time.
In the paper we consider the model of a single-machine manufacturing line based on the finite-buffer
queueing system with batched Poisson arrivals and exponential service times, in which successive
failure-free times of the server (machine) are followed by repair times. We investigate the reaction of
the queue-size distribution on changes of the following system parameters:
intensity of batched Poisson arrivals;
probability distribution of sizes of job batches;
parameter of exponential processing time;
working period duration;
repair period duration.
Such an analysis can provide valuable information to make better the utilization of the manufacturing
line, or adapt it to the level of the actual traffic of incoming jobs. Moreover, the observation of the
time-dependent progress of successive probabilities is helpful in the estimation of the relaxation time
i.e. the time needed for the system to reach the equilibrium.
Abstract:
Key words: finite buffer capacity, manufacturing line, queue-size distribution, repair time, transient state, working time.
37

Paper ID: A-2
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON THE EFFECTS OF COOLING

SYSTEM ON SURFACE QUALITY IN HIGH-SPEED MILLING
OF Al 6061-T6
Bogdan Chirita, Nicolae Catalin Tampu, Gheorghe Brabie & Maria Crina Radu
Vasile Alecsandri University of Bacu,
Calea Marasesti, No. 157, 600115, Bacau, Romania
Corresponding author: Chirita Bogdan, chib@ub.ro
Surface quality represents a key aspect in appreciating an industrial product. A high quality
surface can increase corrosion resistance, assure a prolongued life cycle for a product, lower the wear
and improve the aesthetic aspect. For a machined part, surface quality is influenced by a series of
factors such as material of the part, the process type, tool geometry, cutting parameters or the cooling
system. The choice of the cooling system is especially important, taking into account that the proper
conditions will not only assure a superior surface quality, but will also lower the costs and reduce the
environmental impact and health risks. The present study aims to investigate the performance of the
cooling system and the effect of the cutting parameters on the characteristics of the surfaces resulted
from high speed face milling of the parts made of Al 6061-T6 alluminum alloy. Dry cutting conditions
and minimul quantity lubrication (MQL) where used. The results were analysed by using analysis of
variance (ANOVA).
Abstract:
Key words: surface quality, face milling, cooling system, Al 6061-T6 alluminum alloy.
Paper ID: A-3
ULTRASONIC WAVES IN GRANULAR MEDIA

Remus Zgan1, Mihaela-Greti Chiu2 & Petre Petculescu2
1
Constanta Maritime University, Faculty of Naval Electromechanics, MirceacelBtrn Street, No. 104, Constanta, Romania
2
Ovidius University of Constanta, Faculty of Mechanical Enginering, Blvd. Mamaia, No. 124, 900527, Constanta,
Romania
Coresponding author: Zgan Remus, zagan.remus@cmu-edu.eu
Granular material consists of a collection of discret macroscopic solid particles integrated

through repulsive contact forces. Clasical example is sand, powders, sugar, salt and gravel, which
range from tens of micrometers to the macroscopic scale. Their physical behaviour involves complex
non-linear phenomena, such as non-equilibrum configuration, energy dissipation, non-linear elastic
response and pelicular flow dynamics. The dynamics of granular media shows many distinct facets and
it is currently a very active field of research in the values science area. Elastic waves propagating in
granular media provide a unique probe of both its structure and nonlinear properties. I our paper we
examine the dependence of the nonlinear parameters on the applied loading.
Abstract:
Key words: ultrasound, granular, MATLAB.
38

Paper ID: A-4
RESIDUAL STRESSES GENERATED BY MILLING IN SURFACE LAYERS

AND THE EFFECT OF THEIR DISTRIBUTION ON THE QUALITY OF THE
MACHINED SURFACES
Nicolae Catalin Tampu, Gheorghe Brabie, Bogdan Alexandru Chirita
& Eugen Herghelegiu
Vasile Alecsandri University of Bacu,
Calea Marasesti, nr 157, 600115, Bacau, Romania
Corresponding author: Tampu Nicolae Catalin, catalin.tampu@ub.ro
Abstract: Residual
stress is generated by all technological operations that lead to material deformations.

It can be useful or detrimental, critical or insignificant. In the case of milling operations, the level and
type of residual stresses depend on material chemical composition and mechanical proprieties,
working parameters and working conditions. But in this case the main effects of residual stresses
distribution on the machined materials and parts were not extensively investigated. The present paper
analyses the experimental results concerning the residual stresses distribution generated by milling in
surface layers as a function of materials proprieties and cutting speeds and the effect of such stresses
distribution on the machined surface quality (surface flatness). Three types of materials were analysed,
carbon steel C4U5, aluminium alloy AL 6061 T6, and high carbon steel K390. From the obtained
results it can be observed that high values of residual stress correspond to high values of surface
microhardness, while surface flatness deviations will be determined by the residual stress relaxation
after the removal of the cutting tools.
Key words: milling, residual stress, surface quality, flatness deviations, surface layer.
Paper ID: A-5
INFLUENCE OF TECHNOLOGICAL FACTORS ON ACCURACY OF FORM,

SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND MICROHARDNESS PROCESSED BY COLD
PLASTIC DEFORMATION
Octavian Pruteanu & Constantin Carausu
Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi, Department of Machine Manufacturing Technology, 59A Blvd.
D. Mangeron, 700050, Iasi, Romania
Corresponding author: Pruteanu Octavian, pluteanu@yahoo.com
Processing technology by cold plastic deformation of important machine parts, took a rapid
development in recent time due to the size of shape of high precision, low roughness of machined
surfaces and a higher productivity compared to mechanical working by cutting. Experimental tests
were carried processing usher cold forming raceways of the outer and inner rings of a ball bearing
medium sized, aiming the influence of deformation force, down feed, piece revolution as main parts of
deformation process, upon the deviations of form, surface roughness and microhardness processed.
Were drowning diagrams of variation of parameters obtained and after mathematical modeling to
establish dependency relations for determined the optimal working parameters.
Abstract:
Key words: cold plastic deformation, force, down feed, roughness, microhardness.
39

Paper ID: A-6
CONTRIBUTIONS REGARDING ULTRASONIC FIELD PARTICULARITIES

USED IN AUTOMOTIVE METAL PARTS RECONDITIONING
Gheorghe Amza, Dan Florin Nitoi, Zoia Apostolescu, Andrei Dimitrescu
& Dan Gabriel Tasca
Politechnica University from Bucharest, IMST Faculty,
Splaiul Independenei No. 313, sect.6, Bucharest, Romania
Corresponding author: Gheorghe Amza, amza@camis.pub.ro
Abstract: Paper
presents the ultrasonic energy possibility in the reconditioning by powder metallization

process. Three ultrasonic separated methods of energy activation in the deposition metal zone are
presented. Advantages and disadvantages are studied for the following technological methods: additive
material ultrasonic activation, base material ultrasonic activation, reconditioned metal piece activation,
both additive and base material ultrasonic activation. Metallization devices design are presented
according to ultrasonic method activation for the ultrasonic field metallization process using metal
powder.
Key words: ultrasonic, filed, metallization, filler material.
Paper ID: A-7
CONTRIBUTIONS REGARDING CALCULUS AND DESIGN OF AN

ULTRASONIC SYSTEM USED IN PLASMA METALLIZATION
Gheorghe Amza
Politechnica University from Bucharest, IMST Faculty,
Splaiul Independenei no. 313, sect.6, Bucharest, Romania
Corresponding author: Gheorghe Amza, amza@camis.pub.ro
Paper presents the calculus elements and construction for the ultrasonic system used in
reconditioning process by metallization. A series of necessary elements used in ultrasonic system
dimensioning are given and an ultrasonic system used in reconditioning process by plasma and grain
metallization are presented. Also, a calculated ultrasonic system is modeled to work in resonance
regime at the frequency f = 22 Khz. Stress map inside material, internal energy variation, lost energy
variation on length and volume unit are presented.
Abstract:
Key words: ultrasonic, field, metallization, plasma, powder.
40

Paper ID: A-8
CONSIDERATIONS ON ROUGHNESS PARAMETERS AT DEFORMATION

AND SPLITTING PROCESS OF INTERIOR AND EXTERIOR SURFACES
Alecsandru Marin1 & Ionel Crinel Raveica2
1
University of Moldova, 168, Stefan cel Mare blvd., Chisinau, Republic of Moldavia
Vasile Alecsandri University of Bacu, Romania, Department of Engineering and Management of Industrial Systems,
Calea Marasesti 157, Bacau, Romania
Corresponding author: Ionel Raveica, ravic@ub.ro
For going of the durability of the machining tools at the making of mild steel is proposed the
advanced straining, process which was applied in practice at the broaching the parts of holes valve
rocker type. In this paper we propose to present some of specific aspects on the combined splinting and
deforming process on internal and external surfaces. In this paper is presented the influence of process
parameters on roughness processed It has been noticed that while the charging voltage on the battery
of condensers increases till Uc = 80V, multiple extraction of conic meniscuses occurs. This
phenomenon points to the existence of more canals of discharging through which parallel currents of
the same direction flow simultaneously.
Abstract:
Key words: roughness, broach, straining, valve rocker, turning and milling process.
Paper ID: A-9
ASPECTS OF LOCALIZATION OF CONTACT AT THE MANUFACTURING

OF WORM GEARS
Gheorghe Plesu &Victor Stajilov
Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi,
Blvd. Mangeron, No. 59A, 700050, Iasi, Romania
Corresponding author: Gheorghe Plesu, plesu@tgh.ro
Process of manufacturing worm gears used as spare parts comes with difficulties in
determining worm gear and tools parameters and geometry. Because of machining restrictions and six
thread worm this task require several problems solving. So, main role in this case has process of
calculation of parameters. Because of uniqueness of worm gear we decide to machine worm wheel
using a fly cutter, which profile, geometry and processing parameters were defined using graphical
simulation. Same method was used to localize contact pattern.
Abstract:
41

Paper ID: A-10
WORKLOAD ANALYSE OF AN ASSEMBLING PROCESS

Laurentiu Dan Ghenghea
Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi, Department of Machine Manufacturing Technology,
Corresponding author: Laurentiu Dan Ghenghea, dghenghea@yahoo.com
The workload is the most important indicator for managers responsible of industrial
technological processes no matter if these are automated, mechanised or simply manual in each case,
machines or workers will be in the focus of workload measurements. The paper will present in
Modtech 2015 International Conference workload analyse due, for a most part manual assembling
process for roller bearings assembling process, that take place in a big company with integrated
bearings manufacturing processes. In this analyse the delay sample technique have been used to
identify and divide all bearing assemblers activities, to get information about time parts from 480
minutes day work time, workers allow to each activity. The developed study shows some ways to
increase the process productivity without supplementary investments and also underlines directions to
introduce automation to gain maximum productivity.
Abstract:
Key words: bearings, assembling, work sample, analyse, efficiency.
Paper ID: A-11
RESEARCHES REGARDING THE HYDROFORMING PROCESS

OF ALUMINIUM COMPONENTS
Viorel Paunoiu
Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, Department of Manufacturing Engineering,
Galati, 800008, Romania
Corresponding author: Viorel Paunoiu, viorel.paunoiu@ugal.ro
In the paper are presented the researches made for studing the treeform process applyed to
sheet metal parts from Al alloys. In treeform process the blank sheet is placed under a flexibile rubber
pad and it is deformed under the action of the hydraulic pressure applied from the top of the
equipment. The part shape is given by the shape of the die located at the bottom of the equipment. In
the paper are presented both the experimental and simulations results, using finite element approach,
regarding the influence of the fluid pressure towards the parts properties. The parts quality is evaluated
in terms of springback and stresses and strains state variation. The results could lead to the
implementation of the die and equipment design procedure for such type of deformation.
Abstract:
Key words: hydroforming, treeform sheet hydroforming, numerical simulation, FEM.
42

Paper ID: A-12
SHAPING OF TEETH GEAR COUPLING SLEEVES WITH GEOMETRY

CLOSE TO GROUP SPACE GEOMETRY
Roman Grubka, Aleksandr Mikhaylov & Leonid Fenik
Donetsk National Technical University, 58 Artema Street, Donetsk,
83001, People's Republic of Donetsk (DNR)
Corresponding author: Roman Grubka, grubka_roman@mail.ru
The most modern method of enhancement of gear couplings running abilities is realization of
space jointing between teeth of race cage and sleeving. Also there is jointing of race cage with
rectilinear generator and sleeve with group space geometry on the side face of teeth which are able to
compensate changeable drive shaft mounting misalignment. Structure of any teeth space geometry
differs essentially from structure of teeth with rectilinear or curvilinear generator, because it supposes
continuous change of tooth thickness both longwise and throughout the height. In consequence of
which, technological methods of toothing cutting with space geometry as a rule are based on
observation of two conditions of the second Olivier method and imply usage of special technological
equipment and cutting tool, that is not always justified under conditions of this or that manufacturing.
At that, universal tooth-cutting equipment on the enterprises can be used for getting toothings with
geometries close to stated space geometries.
Methods of toothing cutting of cylindrical gearwheels with modified teeth on existing serial equipment
are described in literature. They are based on displacement of tool either in radial or in tangential or
simultaneously in radial and tangential directions against workpiece. But for their realization in
practice it is necessary to use special cutting tool. This circumstance is attributable to peculiarities of
space geometries structure and kinematics of relative motions of tool and workpiece in the toothing
cutting process. Alongside with that, standard cutting instrument which is available on enterprises can
be used for toothing cutting with different types of space geometries including for processing of teeth
gear coupling sleeves with geometry close to group space geometry. That`s why vital task is
determination of interrelation between tooth gear coupling sleeve geometry with space geometry,
geometry of tool edge and trajectory of relative displacement of tool and workpiece in the toothing
cutting process.
The aim of this work is to develop technological method of shaping of teeth gear coupling sleeves with
geometry close to group space geometry using the method of breaking-in on the existing serial
equipment with the help of standard cutting tool.
At the heart of this work there is task in determination of interrelation between geometry of side face
teeth gear coupling sleeve with space geometry, geometry of tool edge and trajectory of relative
displacement of tool and workpiece in the space.
Abstract:
Key words: gear coupling, tool, workpiece, method, space geometry, relative motions .
43

Paper ID: A-13
SOME TRENDS AND PROPOSALS FOR THE INCLUSION OF

SUSTAINABILITY IN THE DESIGN OF MANUFACTURING PROCESSES
Joo Fradinho1, Dumitru Nedelcu2, Antnio Santos1, Antnio Gonalves-Coelho1
& Antnio Mouro1
1
UNIDEMI & DEMI, Faculdade de Cincias e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa,

Campus de Caparica, Caparica 2829-516, Portugal
2
Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iai, Department of Machine Manufacturing Technology,
Blvd. Mangeron, No. 59A, 700050, Iai, Romnia
Corresponding author: Joo Fradinho, jmf@unl.fct.pt
Usually, production processes are designed in order to meet requirements of three different
natures: quality, cost and time. Environmental concerns have expanded the field of conceptual design
through the introduction of sustaintability requirements that are driven by the growing of societal
thoughtfulness about environmental issues. In the latest years, there has been a considerable amount of
work addressing sustainability. That work has focused mostly on environmental issues (for example,
setting limits of CO2 emissions), legal concerns, and the current engineering approaches are mainly
related to the clarification of the factors that can impact the goodness of ecodesign. On this matter,
one could say that the major concern has been the definition of metrics or indices for sustainability.
However, those metrics or indeces usually have some overall lack of consistency. Given the
complexity of the problem that arises from the multiplicity of different kinds of factors, the difficulty
of establishing methods and tools to support decision-maiking in design is clearly understood when
one attempts to quantify the results. More than ever, there is a need for a holistic view at any level of
decision-making, from the establishment of the design requirements to the implementation of the
solutions. According to the Axiomatic Design Theory, sustainable designs are usually coupled designs,
which should be avoided. This raises a concern that is related with the very nature of sustainability: the
cross effects of the actions that are taken in the atempt to decouple the design solutions. In terms of
production, one shoud clarify the characterization of the sustainability of production systems. The
objectives of this parer are: i) to analyze some approach trends for the sustainability of the production
processes; ii) to define sustainability in terms of requirements for the design of the production
processes; iii) to make some proposals based on the Axiomatic Design Theory, in order to establish the
principles in which the guidelines for designing production processes must comply; iv) to discuss how
to introduce this matter in teaching both manufacturing technology and design of production systems.
Abstract:
Key words: manufacturing processes, sustainability, axiomatic design, engineering decision, engineering education.
44

Paper ID: A-14
DETERMINATION OF THE WORKING INSERT LIFE

IN MACHINING 100Cr6 HARDENED STEEL WITH CUTTING FLUIDS
Aleksandr Mikhaylov1, Elena Sydorova1 & Ilya Navka2
1
Donetsk National Technical University, Department of Manufacturing Engineering, 58 Artiom, 83001, Donetsk
2
Donetsk National Technical University, Institute of International Collaboration, 58 Artiom, 83001, Donetsk
Corresponding author: Elena Sydorova, sydorova@gmail.com
Machining of hardened steels primarily is associated with significant values of contact

pressure, contact shear and contact temperature in the contact zone of cutting tool. Currently in
machining of specifies materials widely used a carbide cutting inserts with TiAlN-coating. To change
the thermomechanical loading of the cutting insert different methods of assisted machining are used,
such as cutting fluids that is one of the leading position, due to the ease of use and relatively low cost.
The main actions of cutting fluids are the cooling and lubricating. The method for determining the
cutting conditions and the combination of cooling and lubricating actions of cutting fluids in
machining 100Cr6 steel (45 HRC) was proposed, providing maximum working life of carbide insert
with TiAlN-coating. The working insert life corresponds to the volume of material removed cutting
insert in tool life period. The insert tool life was determined by a regression equation of the tool life
dependence of thermomechanical loading parameters. To solve these problems the numerical models
were used. These models take into account the physical and mechanical properties of machining and
tool materials, their contact interaction, cutting conditions and cutting tool geometry, material behavior
at large strains, including the phenomenon of work hardening, dynamic processes and heat-drawing
process. Thus, the thermomechanical loading parameters of the cutting insert (contact pressure, contact
shear and contact temperature) was determined on the basis of thermomechanical modeling of the
cutting process by finite element method in the software SIMULIA/Abaqus (Dassault Systmes,
France). An Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian formulation method was used. The cutting processes for
the different cutting conditions and combination of cooling and lubricating actions of cutting fluids
were simulated. The obtained results of numerical simulation of the cutting insert loading primarily are
explained by the response of the machining material to the effect of strain hardening, strain rate and
temperature as well as the nature of the tribological interaction with the cutting insert. Based on the
working insert life dependence of cutting parameters, the cutting conditions were identified that ensure
maximum working life of carbide insert with TiAlN-coating. The developed method can also be
applied to determine the cutting conditions and the combination of the cooling and lubricating actions
of cutting fluids for other materials and cutting tools.
Abstract:
Key words: cutting, thermomechanical loading, working insert life, cutting fluids, 100Cr6.
45

Paper ID: A-15
FINISHING SMOOTHING THE SURFACES OF PARTS

Ion Dohotaru & Alexei Toca
Technical University of Moldova Republic of Moldova, Department of Machine Manufacturing Technology,
Blvd. Stefan cel Mare, No. 168, 2004, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
Corresponding author: Alexei Toca, a_toca@mail.utm.md
Finishing the functional surfaces of machine parts has a significant impact on their
performance characteristics. When the diamond smoothing rougness of the machined surface is
reduced to Ra=0.04-0.01 mcm, or 2-3 times compared to the initial rougness. The hardness is
increased by 15-20%. Increases the wear resistance and fatigue strength. The experiments were
performed on several types of materials Fe HB50, steel to HRC60-62, Hastelloy D, hard cover.
Abstract:
Key words: finishing, diamond smoothing, rougness, hardness.
Paper ID: A-16
COOLING LUBRICATION LIQUID METAL

Sergiu Mazuru
Technical University of Moldova, Department of Machine Manufacturing Technology,
168, Stefan cel Mare Blvd., MD-2004, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
Corresponding author: Mazuru Sergiu, mazuru@mail.md
Used for highly productive machines (machining centers), the new production conditions,
cooling lubricating fluid does not provide the desired roughness to increase cutting speed. With
increasing cutting speed and temperature increase, which can lead to evaporation of acetic acid, which
in turn will lead to corrosion of parts and equipment, as well as possible damage to health conditions
and upper respiratory tract infections.
Abstract:
Key words: cooling, lubricating, fluid, cutting, machining centers.
46

Paper ID: A-17
PARAMETERS CONTROL AND AUTOMATION OF THE

ELECTROSPINNING PROCESS
Valentin Buliga1, Dominique C. Adolphe2, Laurence Schacher2 & Antonela Curteza2
1
Gheorghe Asachi Technical Univerisity of Iasi , B-dul D. Mangeron, Nr. 67, 700050, Iasi, Romania
Laboratoire de Physique et Mcanique Textiles, EA 4365 UH, ENSISA, 11 rue Alfred Werner, 68093 Mulhouse Cedex,
France
Corresponding author: Valentin Buliga, valentin86.buliga@gmail.com
In this study, we analyze the parameters of the electrospinning process and explain how the
process can be improved threw control of this parameters. We are working in developing a solution for
control and automation of the electrospinning process, combining different hardware parts and a
software system to achieve a better control. Behind this challenge stands our goal represented in
development of setups to yield fibrous structures of various forms and arrangements with improved
physical and mechanical properties.
The method to obtain nanofibers threw electrospinning has a rather simple operating principle, it
consists in using an electrical charge to draw very fine fibers from a fluid solution. As simple as it
may seem, actually there are many parameters that influence the morphology of the resultant
electrospun fibers, from beaded fibers to fibers with pores on its surface. During our researches we
have been electrospinning using different polymer solutions, which we need to setup according to the
results we want to obtain. Thus, the parameters affecting electrospinning of polymer solution are of
great interest for us.
The parameters affecting electrospinning and the fibers can be classified, as follows: polymer solution
and ambient parameters, and processing conditions which include the applied voltage, temperature,
effect of collector and the distance between the tip and the collector. Varying this parameters give us
the opportunity to create setups to obtain improved fibrous structures of various forms and
arrangements and to create nanofibers with different morphology.
Our approach shows how we control the distance between the tip and the collector, changing the
position of the collector, and the benefits of having this function. First of all we have set the solution
and ambient parameters, and after that we set the processing conditions according to the desired
properties of the resulted nanofibers.
Abstract:
Key words: electrospinning, automation, modeling, software system, processing conditions, polymer solution parameters,
ambient parameters.
47

Paper ID: A-18
RESEARCHES TO ANALYZING THE DURABILITY OF CUTTING

INSERTS COATED WITH AlTiN THIN LAYERS
Ana Bdnac, Octavian Lupescu, Vasile Manole, Adrian Ciprian Blan
& Mdlina Popa
Corresponding author: Ana Bdnac, badanac_ana@yahoo.com
It is known that during the cutting processes, due to the high contact pressures, to the high
temperatures, to the relative velocities and shocks between the contact surfaces tool-part can lead to a
wear more or less pronounced of the metal carbide cutting inserts. Are known numerous coating
processes regarding the increasing the durability of the used cutting inserts, namely by deposition of
different materials, having protection role for the cutting inserts locating and clearance surfaces,
methods as: vapor chemical deposition at low pressure, pulverization, ionic plating, vacuum thermal
evaporation and condensation from the vapor phase. Researches carried out by authors in this paper,
have followed the deposition of aluminum and titanium materials (AlTiN) in thin layers, on surface of
some metal carbide cutting inserts profiled. The depositions of aluminum and titanium materials are
new coatings which consists in deposition of the compound solid of AlTiN in the form of vapor in thin
layers on different tools or/and the cutting inserts. In the purpose of increasing the cutting inserts
durability, they used deposition method by ionic plating in vacuum. The authors chose this method due
to its advantages, which can be enumerate: the relatively low costs of the equipment, the simplicity in
operation, the possibility to be used also to realize researches and industrial installations. As a result of
using this method was found a considerable increase of the durability for the metal carbide cutting
inserts coated with aluminum and titanium materials (AlTiN), used in the cutting process, compared to
cutting inserts which were not coated with aluminum and titanium. Researches made are useful for
predicting the lifetime of metal carbide cutting inserts after application of thin films of AlTiN, with a
significant cost reduction.
Abstract:
Key words: cutting inserts AlTiN thin layers, ionic plating, durability, wear.
48

Paper ID: A-19
LIFE AND WEAR OF MONOLITHIC CARBIDE MILLS

Piotr Wittbrodt & Alfred Paszek
University of Technology Opole, Ozimska 75 Street, 45-370 Opole, Poland
Corresponding author: Piotr Wittbrodt; p.wittbrodt@po.opole.pl,
Abstract: Machining
is the commonest method of forming objects from among all applied techniques of
mechanical manufacturing and constitutes ca. 60 70%. It consumes large financial outlays, that is
why we aim at selecting the most rational machining conditions.
Tool costs influence general costs of product manufacturing to a large extent. This is mainly related to
purchasing, operating and sharpening machining tools. A pivotal point is operating tools. The period of
their use is highly dependent on machining parameters. Applying very high machining velocities, large
feed values, as well as limitation or complete elimination of working liquids may cause the life of tools
to be small. This constitutes a barrier to increasing the effectiveness of machining process.
Prolonging the life of a tool is a basis for the decrease of production costs. However, there is a problem
in the evaluation of the tools wear. This especially refers to ball milling cutters. The difficulty lies in
describing the wear of ball surface, which can work with a part of machining edge or on the whole
length of the arch.
It is confirmed by practice that in small lot or mass production enterprises a tool is used for machining
various parts with the use of absolutely different machining parameters. In such an environment the
evaluation of the tools suitability for further machining, or determining whether the tool is sharp, are
quite difficult.
This problem needs paying attention to because of numerous uses of cutting mills. It is assumed that
several percent of all operations are milling operations. This participation increases year by year.
Obviously, many works hale published on the life and wear of machining tools, but they only describe
turning-type tools (replaceable multi-blade plates).
This paper presents the results of investigation of wear mills of monolithic carbide using the indexes
method. The article also shows inadequacy of this method to industrial uses and proposes use of
equipment monitoring the condition of a tool using the self-learning systems. Presents the concept of
building the system of monitoring, diagnosis and prediction ball milling cutters.
49

Paper ID: A-20
THE INFLUENCE OF ELECTRODISCHARGE MACHINING PARAMETERS

ON THE MATERIAL SURFACE ROUGHNESS OF TITANIUM ALLOY
Vlad Mihai Nicodim, Gheorghe Brabie & Cosmin Constantin Grigora
Vasile Alecsandri University of Bacau, Faculty of Engineering,
Calea Marasesti 157, 600115, Bacau, Romania
Corresponding author: Nicodim Vlad Mihai, niko.vboy@gmail.com
The main purpose of this paper is to determine the surface roughness value due to
modification of the electrodischarge machining parameters. This research has as objective, to follow
variations of surface imperfections of surface roughness, due to the machining operations conducted
on Ti alloy, for obtaining a suitable precision manufacturing to be used as temporary or long term bone
implant, by improving the electroerosion machining time for assuring that the implant offers enough
support as a result of stress shielding. The evaluation of the surface roughness was made by measuring
the roughness absolute value [Ra], with levels ranging from 0.7 to 1.2 [m]. with working values
parameters ranging from 1.4 [A] to 40 [A], dielectric pumping pressure of 0.25 Mpa to a range of 0.5
Mpa method combined with sinking method, at a voltage starting from 110 [V] and a depth of cut of
0.25 [mm], using copper and graphite electrode wear tool, for an improving result, the same values
parameters of machining were managed to be worthy trying working with. The depth of cut was taken
in consideration to be not as high [0.25] due to the fact that good results were taken for more less
hights before, enough to indicate that the use of electroerosion machining is suitable for biomedical Ti
alloy. The studys that were taken place helped us, to understand, that in the case of Ti alloy, the
surface roughness is limited not less than 0.7 using the Fem 110 CNC. The machining time remains
the main factor that influence surface roughness, rotative toll wear should to be taken in consideration
for further investigations in this case.
Abstract:
Key words: electrodischarge, surface roughness, titanium alloy, machining parameter, EDM.
50

Paper ID: A-21
THE INFLUENCE OF ELECTRODISCHARGE MACHINING PARAMETERS

ON THE MATERIAL HARDNESS OF TITANIUM ALLOY
Vlad Mihai Nicodim, Gheorghe Brabie & Cosmin Constantin Grigora
Corresponding author: Nicodim Vlad Mihai, niko.vboy@gmail.com
Abstract: The main purpose of this paper is to determine the surface hardness value due to
modification of the electrodischarge machining parameters. This research has as objective, to follow
variations of surface imperfections of surface hardness, due to the machining operations conducted on
Ti alloy, for obtaining a suitable precision manufacturing to be used as temporary or long term bone
implant, by improving the electroerosion machining time for assuring that the implant offers enough
support as a result of stress shielding. The surface hardness of the alloy was determined based on the
Vickers scale [HV], with working values parameters ranging from 1.4 [A] to 40 [A], dielectric
pumping pressure of 0.25 [Mpa] to a range of 0.5 [Mpa] method combined with sinking method, at a
voltage starting from 110 [V] and a depth of cut of 0.25 [mm], using copper and graphite electrode
wear tool, for an improving result, the same values parameters of machining were managed to be
worthy trying working with. The depth of discharging was taken in consideration to be not as high
[0.25] due to the fact that good results were taken for more less hights before, enough to indicate that
the use of electroerosion machining is suitable for biomedical Ti alloy. The studys that were taken
place helped us, to understand, that in the case of Ti alloy, the surface hardness can be significantly
improved not more under the deph of 0.7 [mm]. The machining time remain a main objective to be
taken in consideration for further investigations in this case.
Key words: electrodischarge, hardness, stress shielding, titanium alloy, machining parameter, EDM.
51

Paper ID: A-22
INFLUENCE OF THE COOLING LIQUID ON THE SURFACE QUALITY

CHARACTERISTICS IN MILLING
Nicolae Catalin Tampu, Gheorghe Brabie, Bogdan Alexandru Chirita,
Eugen Herghelegiu & Maria Crina Radu
University Vasile Alecsandri of Bacu, Calea Marasesti, nr 157, 600115, Bacau, Romania
Corresponding author: Tmpu Nicolae Ctlin, catalin.tampu@ub.ro
Several negative aspects may occur in high speed milling machining, such as tool wear and
deterioration of surface layer quality. For this reason, many studies from the scientific literature are
concentrated on the optimisation of cutting parameters, use of different geometries of the cutting tools,
the use of different cooling liquid types, etc. Cooling system and liquid characteristichs are among the
main factors that can influence the suraface quality and tool wear. The aim of this study is to analyze
the effect of the cooling liquid used in different mixtures with water at different temperatures on the
quality of surface layer processed by milling. In order to make this analysis a MQL cooling device is
used. The combination with pure water was made in order to decrease production costs. Surface
roughness, hardness and deviation from surface flatness are analised. Three temperatures were used for
the cooling liquid 6C, 12C, and 27 C. Cooling liquid composition was varied (pure water / water
miscible coolant type TS 30 PT) as follows: 25% water and 75 % emulsion, 50% water and 50 %
emulsion, 75% water and 25 % emulsion. From the obtained results were observed that cooling liquid
with 25% water and 75% oil will lead to a high value of hardness (165 HV) at 6C while the use of
ambiental temperature cooling liquide (27 C) lead to smallest value of hardness (108 HV). The
deviation from surface flatness and surface roughness were influenced by the use of mixture in equal
proportion at 6C. The optimum conditions were determined using design of experiments methods.
Abstract:
Key words: surface quality, milling, MQL cooling system, cooling liquid temperature, surface layer.
52

Paper ID: A-23
ANALYSIS OF LARGE SHEET METAL TAILORED TUBES

Valentina Mihaela Pomazan
Ovidius University of Constanta, 124 Mamaia, 900527, Constanta, Romania
Corresponding author: Valentina M. Pomazan, vpomazan@univ-ovidius.ro
Several gaseous media are transported in non-standardized piping, using custom designed
large, reinforced tubes. The main issues of such structures is the stability of certain segments, as the
site topology requires certain tube length and geometry, for rather big gas volumes needed. These
tubes work with gas at normal pressures, temperatures under 100C and are built in open air, exposed
to wind, rain and snow.
The primary structural calculus of such tubes takes into account the general geometry of the shell-like
structure and promts for holders and props. Custom and empirical reinforcements are designed if
section quotient is larger than the material (austenitic steel) thickness.
The present study was triggered by the need to verify and optimize the primary constructive solution,
for tubular and rectangular shaped large tubes (section lengths larger than 1000 mm), under the gravity
and natural loads. The two cases presented needed to be checked for the reinforcement design and
reinforcement welding calculus.
Given the complex tridimensional geometry of the axisymmetric shell structures, the basic shape of the
tube was modelled, with its actual thickness. A corresponding thickness was calculated against static
and buckling loads. An equivalent welded reinforcements grid design was developed and checked for
stability. Optimal welding sections along ribs in longitudinal and transversal directions were calculated
and reported for better project management and further costs calculus.
The solid model of the tube built in Autodesk Inventor was exposed to FEA, searching for static and
buckling loads the best reinforcement distribution and minimum displacement, in the stress safe zone.
Shell elements with optimized grid distribution were used and local stress in corners and reinforcement
ribs was checked with refined discretization and optimal convergence. The transversal ribs that bring
extra charge in terms of gravity load and manufacturing costs were optimally distributed for the given
tube geometry.
Abstract:
Key words: reinforced tubes, FEA static, buckling.
53

Paper ID: A-24
GRAPHICAL METHOD FOR PROFILING HIB MILL THAT GENERATE

CYCLIODAL WORMS
Virgil Gabriel Teodor1, Silviu Berbinschi2, Nicuor Baroiu1 & Nicolae Oancea 1
1
Dunrea de Jos University of Galai, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Manufacturing Engineering,

Domneasc Str., No. 111, 800201, Galai, Romania
2
Dunrea de Jos University of Galai, Faculty of Engineering, Mechanical Engineering Department,
Domneasc Str., No. 111, 800201, Galai, Romania
Corresponding author: Virgil Gabriel Teodor, virgil.teodor@ugal.ro
The hob mill for generating ordered curls of cycloidal surface with non-involute profiles may
be profiled based on the fundamental theorems of surface enveloping Olivier as surface
reciprocally enveloping with point-like contact.
The analytical solution is difficult to obtain, even for a simple analytical expression of the flank to be
generated.
The analytical solution is based on the principle of intermediary surface generating rack-gear tool
that has linear contact with each of the two surfaces: the surface of ordered curl of helical flanks and
the surface of hob mills flank.
In these conditions, are defined two distinct characteristic curves, both of them belongs to the
intermediary surface, the generating rack-gear. The two characterisctic curves can be in three different
situations: are identical and everlapped, in this case between the enveloping surface the contact is
linear; can be a single common point, for surfaces in enveloping with point-like contact or does not
exist a contact point the surface are not in enveloping.
In this paper is proposed a methodology based on a complementary theorem of the surface enveloping,
in a graphical expression developed in a graphical design environment CATIA.
The graphical method presented in this paper is developed in two stages: determining of the rack-gear
model based on the solid model of the surface to be generated, using an original algorithm, following
this, based on 3D modelling is determined the solid model of the primary peripheral surface of the hob
mill.
On the solid model of the rack-gear are drawned the two characteristic curve and is determined the
contact point.
An application for a cyloidal worm is presented a central screw of helical pumps. In order to prove
the quality of method, the analytical and graphical solutions are comparatively presented.
Abstract:
Key words: surface enveloping, hob mill, graphical profiling method, cycloidal worm.
54

Paper ID: A-25
OPTIMIZATION OF THE BLANK HOLDER FORCE DURING FORMING

PROCESS OF A V SHAPED PART
Aurelian Albut
Calea Mreti, No. 157, Bacau, 600115, Romania
Corresponding author: Aurelian Albut albut_aurelian@ub.ro
In case of sheet metal forming the main dimensional errors are caused by the springback
phenomenon. The present work deals with numerical simulation related to draw bending and
springback of V - shaped parts. The current paper is trying to prove out the important role of the blank
holder force variation during the forming process. The Dynaform 5.9 software was used to simulate
the forming process, in which the blank holder force varies linearly in four steps between 30 and 60
kN. The factorial simulations test plan was made using the Design Experts 7.0 software and 72
simulations were necessarily to cover completely the variation domain. The part obtained after each
simulation is analyzed and measured to quantify the errors caused by springback. Parameters as: angle
between flange and sidewall, angle between sidewall and part bottom, chamfer radius between part
bottom and sidewall or chamfer radius between sidewall and flange are recorded in a data base. The
initial simulations plan together with the generated data base is loaded in a neural network software
called NeuroSolution 5. This software is able to learn the part behavior after the forming process and
to optimize the variation of the blank holder force in such way to minimize the springback effect. The
optimized blank holder force is used to make another simulation and in the final part of the paper is
presented a comparison between the springback parameters predicted by the NeuroSolution software
and the parameters obtained by simulation. The presented optimization method is a good method to
reduce the springback effect. The inconvenient of this method is the large number of simulations tests
that must be done and the large amount of data necessarily as input for the NeuroSolution software.
The precision of this method depends on the number of simulation tests used by the neural network to
learn the part behavior after the springback, function to the initial forming parameters.
Abstract:
Key words: deep drawing, factorial plan, V shaped part, optimization, neural network.
55

Paper ID: A-26
OPTIMIZATION OF THE PRODUCTION PROCESS

USING VIRTUAL MODEL OF A WORKSPACE
Monica Zbigniew
and Integrated Manufacturing Systems, Konarskiego 18A, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
Corresponding author: Zbigniew Monica, zbigniew.monica@polsl.pl
Optimization of the production process is an element of the design cycle consisting of:
problem definition, modelling, simulation, optimization and implementation. Without the use of
simulation techniques, the only thing which could be achieved is larger or smaller improvement of the
process, not the optimization (ie, the best result it is possible to get for the conditions under which the
process works). Optimization is generally management actions that are ultimately bring savings in
time, resources, raw materials and improve the performance of a specific process. It does not matter
whether it is a service or manufacturing process. Optimizing the savings generated by improving and
increasing the efficiency of the processes. Optimization consists primarily of organizational activities
that require very little investment, or rely solely on the changing organization of work.
Modern companies operating in a market economy shows a significant increase in interest in modern
methods of production management and services. This trend is due to the high competitiveness among
companies that want to achieve success are forced to continually modify the ways to manage and
flexible response to changing demand. Modern methods of production management, not only imply a
stable position of the company in the sector, but also influence the improvement of health and safety
within the company and contribute to the implementation of more efficient rules for standardization
work in the company. This is why in the paper is presented the application of such developed
environment like Siemes NX to create the virtual model of a production system and to simulate as
well as optimize its work. The analysed system is the robotized workcell consisting of: machine tools,
industrial robots, conveyors, auxiliary equipment and buffers. In the program could be defined the
control program realizing the main task in the virtual workcell. It is possible, using this tool, to
optimize both the object trajectory and the cooperation process.
Abstract:
Key words: robotised workcell, simulation, optimization.
56

Paper ID: A-27
AN IMPROVED METHOD FOR RISK EVALUATION IN FAILURE MODES

AND EFFECTS ANALYSIS OF LATHE CNC
Nicoleta Rachieru, Nadia Belu & Daniel Constantin Anghel
University of Pitesti, Faculty of Mechanics and Technology, Department of Manufacturing and Industrial Management,
Str. Targu din Vale, nr.1, 110040, Pitesti, Romania
Corresponding author: Nadia Belu, nadia_belu2001@yahoo.com
Failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) is a widely used risk assessment tool for defining,
identifying, and eliminating potential failures or problems in products, process, designs, and services.
In traditional FMEA, the risk priorities of failure modes are determined by using risk priority numbers
(RPNs). RPN number includes three factors: the severity of a failure effect (S), the probability of
occurrence of a failure mode (O) and the probability of a failure being detected (D). Each factor uses a
numeric scale (rating) from 1 to 10. However, the crisp RPN method has been criticized to have
several deficiencies. In this paper, linguistic variables, expressed in Gaussian, trapezoidal or triangular
fuzzy numbers, are used to assess the ratings and weights for the risk factors S, O and D. A new risk
assessment system based on the fuzzy set theory and fuzzy rule base theory is to be applied to assess
and rank risks associated to failure modes that could appear in the functioning of Turn 55 Lathe CNC.
The Concept Turn 55 is a desktop lathe driven by interchangeable CNC control Software running on a
commercially available PC. This dual purpose turning centre is the ideal solution for training students
in further education when large industrial machines are not suitable. Its role in education is defined by
its interchangeable control systems. Using the fuzzy logic, the three risk factors, inputs, are fuzzified
and evaluated in a fuzzy inference engine built on consistent base of IF THEN rules. The fuzzy
output is defuzzified to get crisp value of the RPN that will be used for a more accurate ranking of the
potential risks. The fuzzy logic toolbox of Matlab software program has been used in calculating the
values of RPN. Two case studies have been shown to demonstrate the methodology thus developed. It
is illustrated a parallel between the results obtained by the traditional method and fuzzy logic for
determining the RPNs. The results show that the proposed approach can reduce duplicated RPN
numbers and get a more accurate, reasonable risk assessment. As a result, the stability of product and
process can be assured.
Abstract:
Key words: failure mode and effects analysis, fuzzy inference system, Turn 55 Lathe CNC, risk evaluation.
57

Paper ID: A-28
QUALITY CONTINUOUS IMPROVEMENT OF PRODUCTION PROCESSES

WITH USAGE THE POKA-YOKE METHOD
Nadia Belu 1, Laureniu Mihai Ionescu 2, Agnieszka Misztal 3 & Alin Mazre2
1
University of Pitesti, Faculty of Mechanics and Technology, Department of Manufacturing and Industrial Management,
Str. Targu din Vale, nr.1, 110040, Pitesti, Romania
2
University of Pitesti, Faculty of Electronics, Communcations and Computers, Department of Electronics, Computers and
Electrical Engineering, Str. Targu din Vale, nr.1, 110040, Pitesti, Romania
3
Poznan University of Technology, Faculty of Engineering Management, 60-965 Poznan, ul. Strzelecka 11, Poland
Corresponding author: Nadia Belu, nadia_belu2001@yahoo.com
Abstract: Poka-yoke
is a method of quality management which is related to prevent defects from arising

during production processes. It deals with fail-safing or mistake-proofing. This method helps
operator to avoid (yokeru) mistakes (poka). The Poka-yoke concept was generated and developed by
Shigeo Shingo for the Toyota Production System. Poka-yoke is used in many fields, especially in
monitoring production processes. In our case, the solution presented in this paper aims at optimizing
the production process of pistons engines by reducing faults caused by the threading operation. The
solution proposed by us has gone from an analysis of the process on the time interval required for
threading operation for several samples of pieces and also, it is included a personal shift. It is a
threading process by pressure applied to the piston with handling equipment and parts are made by a
human user. There were also analyzed the problems that arose during the process. We're talking about
the human operator inadvertently omitting certain steps in the process of threading. Based on these
data, we designed a poka yoke system that detects whether a particular operation is omitted, this is
signaled operator (visual alarm) and continuing the thread is suspended until the problem is corrected.
Our system is based on the use of a weighing as a parts counter. Although in the threading process
does not occur weight change of finished parts, the stand where the finished pieces are placed is
mounted on the weighing. Placing a finished part leads to weight gain of the stand, which is signaled to
our system. Also, there are two sensors placed at different points of the press: support for placing the
piece in the press and the press operating lever itself. These sensors allow monitoring by our system of
steps to be taken in the process. The aim of our system is to pursue the correct sequence threading
process: placing the piece in the press, the operation and placing pieces in the finished parts stand.
Along with correct sequence monitoring our system must deal with registration operations and
treatment of special cases: the operators exchange, the exchange of a finished pistons stand and
testing of samples.
Key words: quality management, mistake proofing, Poka-Yoke method, quality improvement.
58

Paper ID: A-29
APPLICATION OF MULTIOBJECTIVE METHODS FOR OPTIMIZATION OF

MACHINING PROCESS PARAMETERS
Ctlin Gheorghi & Vlad Gheorghi
Politehnica University of Bucharest Romania, Department of Manufacturing Technology
Splaiul Independeei, No. 313, 060042, Bucharest, Romania
Corresponding author: Ctlin Gheorghi, cata.pub@gmail.ro
Abstract: The
determination of optimal cutting parameters, is important in increasing the productivity of

the machining operations.The response surface methodology which sets the relationship between
factors and response, was used for developing the objective function and constraints for determine the
models of power milling. The selection for a given problem is made by using methods of
multiobjective decision making (MODM) to eliminate unsuitable alternatives, and to select the most
suitable alternative. In this paper the methods are used to identify the best solution for the
mathematical model of cutting power for milling 30Cr130 Steel.
Key words: decision making, SAW method, TOPSIS method, ARAS method, multi-objective optimization, milling.
Paper ID: A-30
THE DISTRIBUTED AGENT-BASED APPROACH IN THE EMANUFACTURING ENVIRONMENT

Agnieszka Skala, Gabriel Kost, Wacaw Bana & Anna Dobrzaska-Danikiewicz
Silesian University of Technology, Institute of Engineering Processes Automation and Integrated Manufacturing Systems,
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Konarskiego 18a, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
Corresponding author: Gabriel Kost, gabriel.kost@polsl.pl
The deficiency of a coherent flow of information from a production department causes

unplanned downtime and failures of machines and their equipment, which in turn results in production
planning process based on incorrect and outdated data. All of these factors entail, as the consequence,
the additional difficulties associated with the process of decision-making. They concern, among other,
the coordination of components of a distributed system and providing the access to the required
information, thereby generating unnecessary costs. The use of agent technology significantly speeds up
the flow of information within the virtual enterprise. This paper includes the proposal of an agentbased approach for the integration of processes within the virtual enterprise.
Abstract:
Key words: agent, multi-agent systems, e-manufacturing.
59

Paper ID: A-31
INVESTIGATION SMOOTHING SHAFT CHARACTERISTICS

Gayrat Bahadirov & Abdusalom Abdukarimov
Scientific research center by branch engineering science problems after Tashkent State Technical University, Durmon Yuli
Str., 31, 100125, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Corresponding author: Gayrat Bahadirov, instmech@rambler.ru
This paper deals with the screw shaft smoother with blades when it is on the surface of the
sheet material, which in turn rests on the conveying surface of the conveyor moving at a constant
forward speed, or on the surface of the working shaft rotating with a constant angular velocity. Blades
of smoothing shaft and the sheet material is contacted at several points (here, a point is meant pad
formed smoothing blade edge and the shaft surface of the sheet material) positioned on one straight
form of the cylindrical outer surface of the blades. The number of points depends on the number of
contact blades and the width of the sheet material.
The length of the chord of each arc trochoid movement of the sheet material corresponds to the
processing time for one blade of smoothing shaft, i.e. feeding the sheet material is equal to one blade.
It was established that the presence of multiple blades on the smoothing shaft chord length is inversely
proportional to the angular velocity of the smoothing shaft, number of blades and is directly
proportional to the feed rate of the sheet material.
Comparing the results obtained, it was found that the length of the chord of each arc trochoid
corresponding movement of the sheet material during processing with one blade of smoothing shaft,
i.e. feeding the sheet material on one blade smoothing shaft at the same flow rate in the second case is
less than the first.
Next, consider smoothing shaft with variable pitch screw blades. We derive equations describing the
trajectory of the curve of the blade faces relative to the surface of the processed sheet material for the
case in which the linear velocity of the blade faces of smoothing shaft and the sheet material are the
same and are directed oppositely.
The results allow, depending on the technological requirements for certain mechanical operations,
scientifically select options of smoothing shaft.
Based on research developed a smoothing device for semi-finished leather to optimize machine
performance, quality and yield of usable area of semi-leather.
Abstract:
Key words: smoothing shaft, sheet material, speed of material.
60

Paper ID: A-32
MANUFACTURING AND DESIGN OF THE OFFSHORE STRUCTURE

FROUDE SCALE MODEL RELATED TO BASIN RESTRICTIONS
Ionut Cristian Scurtu
Corresponding author: Ionut Cristian Scurtu, scurtucristian@yahoo.com
In this article are proposed some new solutions for manufacturing three columns offshore
scale models using CFD/CAE software. The three column offshore is part of the WindFloat Project
already realized as prototype for wind energy extraction in water depths more than 40 meters, and the
actual model will not consider the wind turbine. The model will have heave plates for a smaller heave
motion in order to compare it with the case without heave plates. The heave plates will be part of the
Froude scale model.
The scale model will be tested in basin of UniversityDunarea de Jos Galati and all basin restriction
will be applied to the design. Using a smaller model will determine a smaller heave motion and this
will affect predictions of the vertical movement of the three column offshore structure in real sea.
Froude criterion will be applied to determine time and speed an acceleration scale. The scale model is
manufactured from steel and fiberglass and all parts are subjected to software analysis in order to get
the smallest stress in connections inside the model. Software 3D analysis will present steel and
fiberglass connections and strengthening ways in order to obtain a rigid body after building the model.
The Fiberglass and steel model will be developed in order to respect Froude criterion and all basin
restrictions presented in the paper. The model is developed especially for heave motion analysis for
three column offshore structure in basin conditions of UniversityDunarea de Jos Galati.
Model mass will be restricted by scale dimensions and also the vertical position of centre gravity
(VCG) will be considered during the manufacturing and design process of the Froude scale offshore
structure. Maximum allowed mass in UniversityDunarea de Jos Galati basin is 200kg, the basin
breadth is 4 meters and all conditions must converge in model manufacturing and design in order to
get the best results to compare with real sea states and heave motion data.
The considered reasons for the solutions are related to basin test restrictions and are exactly satisfy the
boundary conditions and compared to those found in the literature. Also, a complex comparative study
for modern manufacturing and design solutions is presented.
Abstract:
Keywords: Froude scaled model, offshore structure, basin test, CFD/CAE software.
61

Paper ID: A-33
THE METHODS AND TECHNOLOGIES OF INCREMENTAL FORMING

Costel Catalin Coman
Technical University Gheorghe Asachi of Iasi-Romania, Department of Machine Manufacturing Technology,
Corresponding author: Costel Catalin Coman, catalin.coman06@gmail.com
Abstract: Incremental sheet metal forming is a technique which uses CNC tools to form sheet metals. The
method is not applicable for mass production but found to be very useful in small batch quality production. The
study includes fundamentals of incremental sheet metal forming, classifications, tools used and effect of various
parameters such as plane anisotropy, tool size and shape, lubrication on it. The study also includes the advance
methods incorporated in incremental sheet forming such as doubly curved surfaces .The multi-pass single point
incremental forming is a promising technology for the sheet metal forming process, characterized by high
formability, product independent tooling and great process flexibility. In this work, based on a pyramidal shape,
a finite element model for the multi-pass forming process is established first. Unlike simplifications in previous
studies, with the process of three-dimensional coordinates in numerical controlled machining code, the tool
trajectory in this finite element model is obtained by a java parameterized application, based on a simple
algorithm developed especially for the multi-pass single point incremental forming process. Two forming
methods are applied to form the goal product: the multi-pass and the single-pass method. The final geometric
profiles obtained are studied. Then an investigation of the thickness and maximal equivalent stress distribution
is carried out. It makes it possible to locate and analyses the most critical areas and establish a comparison
between the single-pass and the multi-pass process. The effect of the asymmetric nature of the initial sheet on
the thickness and the maximal equivalent stress variation is also discussed. It's concluded that the tool path
generation method is fast and easy to be implemented in finite element code for such investigation. Both the
multi-pass and the single-pass method produce critical thickness and stress areas in the final shapes, but not the
same in term of value and position. Moreover, the difference between the two forming methods in term of
thickness distribution depends on the wall size. This process has been promising a flexible and inexpensive way
to form sheet products. Which have important industrial applications with a high ratio of weight/strength.Singlepoint incremental forming (SPIF) uses one small hemispherically ended tool moving along a predefined
toolpath to locally deform a completely peripherally clamped sheet of metal such that the sum total of the local
deformations yields the final desired shape of the sheet. While SPIF is characterized by greater formability than
conventional forming processes, it suffers from significant geometric inaccuracy.Accumulative double-sided
incremental forming (ADSIF) is a substantial improvement over SPIF in which one hemispherically ended tool
is used on each side of the sheet metal. The supporting tool moves synchronously with the forming tool,
therefore acting as a local but mobile die. ADSIF results in considerably enhanced geometric accuracy and
increased formability of the formed part as compared to SPIF. In light of the aforementioned advantages of
ADSIF as compared with SPIF, an investigation of the mechanics associated with the ADSIF process, which
has yet to be presented in the literature, is warranted.The present study sheds light on the differences in
deformation mechanisms between SPIF and ADSIF. Finite element analyses are performed to simulate
deformation in the two processes, and a detailed analysis of the deformation history is presented. It is shown
that the presence of the supporting tool in ADSIF elicits substantial differences in the plastic strain, hydrostatic
pressure, and shear strains as compared to SPIF. The implications of these trends on the prevalent modes of
deformation in ADSIF along with possible explanations for increased formability observed in the process are
discussed.
Key words: SPIF, ADSIF, finite element analyses, pyramidal shape, multi-pass forming process.
62

Paper ID: A-34
RECYCLING OF GLASS CULLET IN DECORATIVE GLASS PANEL

Camelia Neagu-Coglniceanu1, 2
1
Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iai, Department of Machine Manufacturing Technology,

Blvd. Mangeron, No. 59A, 700050, Iai, Romania
2
Pro Ideas Trade SRL, Str. Rmnicu-Srat, No. 123, 8100166, Brila, Romania
Corresponding author: Camelia Neagu-Coglniceanu, proideastrade@yahoo.com
Abstract: In
last decades, simultaneously with the urban and industrial development of communities, the
issue of waste management became a significant challenge. The increasing quantities of generated
waste and the variety of waste lead to development of new technologies for processing them and
incorporating in new products. The main difficulty for this task consist in the fact that the total cost of
waste processing is, sometime, for instance in case of glass, more expensive due the following causes:
precarious infrastructure for waste management (recovery procedures, sorting plants, recycling and
treatment facilities), the complexity of the implementing process, the long distance between glass
cullet processors and the companies which can use this raw material; the availability of this resource).
Glass waste requires important cleaning/processing before it reaches the quality criteria needed to be
used from glass manufacturers for re-melting into new glass products. On the other hand, in actual
times, in order to meet customers requirements, the industries specialized in custom made products
has to manufacture many products in low volume or unique pieces in economically viable manner.
Within this context, Rapid Prototyping (RP) has been identified as an innovative manufacturing
technology. The aim of this paper is to present the possibilities of subtractive rapid prototyping
technology in development of moulds used for glass slumping process and to demonstrate the
advantages and disadvantages of this technology on a practical example. Mould manufacturing was
derived from a single photography provided by the customer. Based on this photography, authors
prepared this input image using different software for obtaining the mould. In order to obtain
dimensions requirements, it was necessary processing by slicing the STL file into three layers. Flat
glass post-industrial cullet (soda-lime glass) was collected from a glass processor and was processed
using glass slumping technology into an electrical furnace. The presented method for converting glass
cullet in value-added products (in presented example- decorative glass panel) have many benefits like
these: reduced energy compared with the classic route for re-melting, possibility of obtaining ecofriendly products derived from glass waste. In addition, the use of recycled glass cullet leads to a
number of environmentally friendly advantages: the correspondent cost for energy when is used glass
cullet drop between 2-3% for every 10 % recycled glass used in the glass manufacturing process
comparing to produce glass from virgin raw materials; 1 tonne of recycled glass saving approximately
1.2 tons of raw materials and 315 kg of CO2 emissions.
Key words: glass recycling, glass cullet, glass slumping, recycled glass, mould design and manufacturing, subtractive rapid
prototyping, glass waste, glass, eco-friendly.
63

Paper ID: A-35
ENERGY TRANSFER AND CONVERSION RECORDED ON

MECHANICALLY ACTIVATED FLY ASH GRAINS
Anja Terzi1, Ljubia Andri2, Ljiljana Milii1 & Zagorka Radojevi1
1
Institute for testing of materials, Bulevar vojvode Miia 43, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
Institute for Technology of Nuclear and other Raw Mineral Materials, Franchet dEsperey 86, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
Corresponding author: Anja Terzi, anja.terzic@institutims.rs
The investigation was conducted with an aim to increase the reactivity of the lignite coal fly
ash originating from the power-plant filters and to establish the optimal mechanical activation period.
In order to obtain complete insight into the process and phenomena of the fly ash activation, a good
understanding of the theoretical principles of the procedure is necessary. The influence of the
mechanical activation procedure parameters on the grain-size distribution related characteristics of the
lignite coal ash was discussed. The characteristics of the mechanically activated fly ash and the
possibility of the fly ash grain inertia measurement by means of automatic grain counter (AGC) were
also investigated and presented in this paper. Mechanically activated grains are the most convenient
mineral form for physical concentration since the energy change that occures in the system millmaterial is recorded on them. An increase of potential energy of the activated grains was measured by
means of an automatic grain counter (AGC). Following the proposed operating hypothesis of the
automatic grain counter, the energy and the properties of fly ash grains induced by mechanical force
were expressed in the form of the grain inertia change. The fly ash used in the experiment was
thoroughly analyzed, particularly in its activated state, primarily by means of the X-ray diffraction
method for a reliable identification of the crystal phases and change in crystallinity; followed by
comparison of SEM microphotographs of initial and activated ash; and finally establishing the upper
limit of activation period.
Abstract:
Key words: milling; grain size; ceramic materials; mechanical activator; recycling.
64

Paper ID: A-36
AN ANALYSIS OF THE PERFORMANCE OF AN EJECTOR

REFRIGERATION CYCLE WORKING WITH R134A
Feiza Memet & Andrei Preda
Constanta Maritime University, Faculty of Naval Electro-Mechanics,
104 Mircea cel Batran Street, 900663, Constanta, Romania
Corresponding author: Andrei Preda, andrei.preda@yahoo.com
In the context of recent developments in the field of energy, the aspect related to energy
consumption is of great importance for specialists. Many industries rely on refrigeration technologies,
a great challenge being expressed by attempts in energy savings in this sector. In this respect, efforts
oriented towards efficient industrial refrigeration systems revealed the necessity of a proper design.
The most commonly used method of cooling is based on vapor compression cycles. Compared to
vapor compression refrigeration systems, an ejector refrigeration system shows an inferior
performance, indicated by the Coefficient of Performance of the cycle, but it is more attractive from
energy saving point of view. In this respect, the present study deals with a theoretically analysis of an
Ejector Refrigeration System, started with the presentation of the typical ejector design. It is stated that
ejector refrigeration is a thermally driven system which requires low grade thermal energy for its
working. After a short description of the analyzed system, are given equations for thermal loads and
Coefficient of Performance calculation, on First Law basis. The working fluid considered in this
research is Freon R134a.
The developed study is focused on the effect of generating temperature variation on the Coefficient of
Performance (COP) and on the work input to the pump when the cooling effect, the condensation
temperature, the evaporation temperature and the reference state temperature are kept constant.
Are obtained results in the following conditions: the condensation temperature is tc = 33oC, the
evaporation temperature is te = 3oC, the reference state temperature is to = 23oC. The generating
temperature varies in the range 82 92oC and the cooling effect is 1 kW. Also, are known the
isentropic efficiencies of the ejector, which are 0. 90, and the isentropic efficiency of the pump, which
is 0.75.
Calculation will reveal that the Coefficient of Performance is increasing together with the increase of
the generating temperature values, the best COP value being 0.178, in the considered range for the
mentioned temperature. In the same time, the generating temperature increase leads to the increase of
the work input to the pump.
Abstract:
Key words: ejector refrigeration system, performance, generating temperature.
65

Paper ID: A-37
NON ISOTERMAL DRYING PROCESS OPTIMISATION - DRYING OF CLAY

TILES
Milo Vasi & Zagorka Radojevi
Institute for testing of materials, Bulevar vojvode Miia 43 1100 Belgrade, Serbia
Corresponding author: Milo Vasi, milos.vasic@institutims.rs
In our previous studies we have developed a model for determination of the variable effective
diffusivity and identification of the exact transition points between possible drying mechanisms. The
next goal was to develop a model which could in advance characterize the real non isothermal process
of drying clay tiles. In order to do that four isothermal experiments were done. Temperature and
humidity were maintained at 400C / 80%0C; 600C / 80%; 700C / 80%; 700C / 60%; respectively in each
experiment. All experimentally collected data were analyzed and the exact transition points between
possible drying mechanisms were detected. Characteristic drying period (time) for each isothermal
drying mechanism was also detected. The real, non isothermal drying process was approximated by 5
segments. In each of these segments approximately isothermal drying condition were maintained. In
the first four segments temperature and humidity were maintained as in conducted isothermal
experiments and in the fifth segment temperature and humidity were kept at 800C / 40% respectively.
Duration of the first segment was the same as the duration of the characteristic drying period t0C
obtained from the experiment 1 (figure Deff t), form starting point till point C. Duration of the
second segment was the same as the duration of the characteristic drying period tCD obtained from the
experiment 2 (figure Deff t) from point C till point D. Duration of the third segment was the same as
the duration of the characteristic drying period tDF obtained from the experiment 3 (figure Deff t)
from point D till point F. Duration of the fourth segment was the same as the duration of the
characteristic drying period tFH obtained from the experiment 4 (figure Deff t) from point F till point
H. Theoretically speaking, when point F is passed shrinkage of the product is over and the product will
not crack. That is the reason why the temperature and humidity are 800C / 40% respectively in the fifth
drying segment. The real non isothermal process of drying clay tiles was obtained by combining five
isothermal drying processes. Previously mentioned drying segments were linked in experiment 5. It
must be said that the clay tile dried in experiment 5 had been dried without cracking.
Abstract:
Key words: drying process, variable diffusivity, clay tiles, convective drying, diffusion, non isothermal drying.
66

Paper ID: A-38
THE INFLUENCE OF MILLING PARAMETERS ON THE SURFACE

ROUGHNESS IN THE CASE OF MAGNESIUM ALLOY AZ61A
Cosmin Constantin Grigora & Gheorghe Brabie
Vasile Alecsandri University of Bacau, Faculty of Engeneering, Calea Marasesti 157, 600115, Bacau, Romania
Corresponding author: Grigoras Cosmin Constantin, grigorascosmin_phd@yahoo.com
The purpose of this study is to analyse how the milling cutting parameters influence the
surface roughness and hance the surface quality of biomedical implants made from biodegradable
magnesium alloys. Such alloys can be used as temporary bone implants. The surface roughness of
AZ61A magnesium-aluminium alloy was analysed by changing different cutting parameters for
milling operations, using a face mill with a diameter of 50 [mm] and 0.8 [mm] radius inserts. The
cutting parameters were modified as follows: speeds of 200, 350, and 500 [m/min], feeds of 500, 1000,
and 1500 [mm/min] and depth of cut of 0.15, 0.25, and 0.35 [mm]. The total number of samples was
reduced by a pre-optimization, using DesignExpert software with the Box-Behnken model; after this
optimization a total number of 17 samples were obtained for analysis. The cutting process was
performed in dry conditions, because water based cooling agents react with magnesium. It was
recorded that dry cutting magnesium-aluminium alloy AZ61A with the used parameters did not lead to
chip ignition. The evaluation of the surface roughness was made by measuring the roughness absolute
value (Ra), with levels ranging from 0.081 [m], using a speed of 500 [m/min] combined with a feed
of 1500 [mm/min] and a depth of cut of 0.25 [mm], to 0.269 [m], for a speed of 500 [m/min], depth
of cut of 0.15 [mm] and the same feed. An ANOVA analysis for response surfaces was performed
using the DesingExpert software in order to reveal which of cutting parameters were relevant for the
roughness change. The obtained results showed that only the speed and feed have a significant impact
in obtaining the optimal surface roughness, with a p value of 0.0007, respective 0.0026. The Taguci
optimization method was used and made by considering the maximization of the speeds, feeds and
depth of cut and the minimization of the surface roughness. From the performed analysis it was
concluded that the use of higher speeds combined with average feeds and maximum depth of cut have
an important role in lowering the Ra values for the surface roughness, with a desirability factor of
0.980. It was also concluded that the optimization of the cutting parameter is a technique that improves
the surface quality in terms of surface roughness.
Abstract:
Key words: milling, surface roughness, magnesium alloy, cutting parameters, optimization.
67

Paper ID: A-39
THE INFLUENCE OF MILLING PARAMETERS ON THE MATERIAL

HARDNESS IN THE CASE OF MAGNESIUM ALLOY AZ61A
Cosmin Constantin Grigora & Gheorghe Brabie
Vasile Alecsandri University of Bacau, Faculty of Engeneering,
Corresponding author: Grigoras Cosmin Constantin, grigorascosmin_phd@yahoo.com
This study was conducted in order to determine the material hardness value due to
modification of the milling cutting parameters. In other words this research has as main objective to
notice how these variations influence the AZ61A magnesium-aluminium alloy surface hardness in
order to obtain a suitable alloy that can be used as temporary bone implant, by improving the corrosion
time and assuring that the implant offers enough support as a result of stress shielding. The surface
roughness of the alloy was analysed as a function of different cutting parameters for milling
operations, using a face mill with a diameter of 50 [mm] and 0.8 [mm] radius inserts; the cutting
parameters were modified, as follows: speeds of 200, 350, and 500 [m/min], feeds of 500, 1000, and
1500 [mm/min] and depth of cut of 0.15, 0.25, and 0.35 [mm]. A total number of 17 samples were
machined using parameters obtained by combining the feeds, speeds and depth of cut values. The total
number of combinations is reduced by a pre-optimization, using the DesignExpert software based on
the Box-Behnken model. The cutting process was performed in dry conditions, and it was recorded
that dry cutting magnesium-aluminium alloy AZ61A with the used parameters did not lead to chip
ignition. The surface hardness was determined based on the Vickers scale (HV), values ranging from
110.59 [HV], for a speed 200 [m/min] combined with a feed of 500 [mm/min] and a depth of cut of
0.25 [mm], to 121.37 [HV], for a speed of 300 [m/min], feed of 1000 [mm/min] and the same value for
the depth of cut. The obtained results showed that the feed has a significant contribution in the surface
harness modification. The optimization was made using the Taguci method and considering the
maximization of the speeds, feeds, depth of cut and surface roughness and it indicates the use of higher
speeds combined with maximum feeds and maximum depth of cut. The study reveals that in the case
of AZ61A magnesium-aluminium alloy the material hardness can be improved, together with the
manufacturing time, by means of the speed, feed and depth of cut maximization.
Abstract:
Key words: milling, hardness, stress shielding, magnesium-aluminum alloy, cutting parameters, optimization.
68

Paper ID: A-40
TWO-STAGE ORDERS SEQUENCING SYSTEM FOR MIXED-MODEL

ASSEMBLY
Marcin Zemczak1, Boena Skoud 2 & Damian Krenczyk 2
1
University of Bielsko-Biala, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Informatics, Department of Production Engineering,
Willowa 2, 43-309 Bielsko-Biala, Poland
2
Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Engineering Processes Automation and
Integrated Manufacturing Systems, Konarskiego 18A, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
Corresponding author: Marcin Zemczak, mzemczak@ath.bielsko.pl
In the paper, the authors focus on the NP-hard problem of orders sequencing, formulated
similarily to Car Sequencing Problem (CSP). The object of the research is the assembly line in an
automotive industry company, on which few different models of products, each in a certain number of
versions, are assembled on the shared resources, set in a line. Such production type is usually
determined as a mixed-model production, and arose from the necessity of manufacturing customized
products on the basis of very specific orders from single clients. The producers are nowadays obliged
to provide each client the possibility to determine a huge amount of the features of the product they are
willing to buy, as the competition in the automotive market is large. Due to the previously mentioned
nature of the problem (NP-hard), in the given time period only satisfactory solutions are sought, as the
optimal solution method has not yet been found. Most of the researchers that implemented inaccurate
methods (e.g. evolutionary algorithsm) to solving sequencing problmes dropped the research after
testing phase, as they were not able to obtain reproducible results, and met problems while determining
the quality of the received solutions. Therefore a new approach to solving the problem, presented in
this paper as a sequencing system is being developed. The sequencing system consists of a set of
determined rules, implemented into computer environment. The system itself works in two stages.
First of them is connected with the determination of a place in the storage buffer to which certain
production orders should be sent. In the second stage of functioning, precise sets of sequences are
determined and evaluated for certain parts of the storage buffer under certain criteria.
Abstract:
Key words: production planning, mixed-model production, CSP problem, sequencing.
69

Paper ID: A-41
WATER JET TECHNOLOGIES OF LIQUID WOOD MANUFACTURING

Daniel Marguta & Andra Giza
Corresponding author: Daniel Marguta, danielmarguta@gmail.com
Human society has used and continues to widely use plastic materials because of their
extensive versatility, low cost and manufacturing process. However, the widespread use of plastics has
become a significant concern due the their negative impact on the environment; specifically, the
sources from which plastics are derived (petroleum and its components) and their biodegradability.
Thus, there is an immediate need to develop non- petroleum- based and sustainable feed stocks, and
this has predominantly shifted the attention of many researchers, academic and industrial, towards
biobased and biodegradable plastics. Tecnaro Company meets this need by developing a biodegradable
material and known as liquid wood. This new material is available in three different versions:
ARBOFORM - Liquid wood (based on lignin, organic additives and natural fibers), ARBOBLEND
plastic composite with wood (its content is based on biopolymers degree, e.g.: lignin, starch, natural
resins, wax and cellulose), ARBOFILL- biopolymeric composite (polymers and natural fibres-based
compound provided with natural cork aspect). Liquid wood granules can be processed like any other
plastic materials by different procedures, i.e. injection moulding, extrusion, calendering, blow
molding, deep drawing or pressing into moulded parts, semi-finished products, sheets, films or
profiles.
The goal of this paper is to present some aspects of research concerning the water jet technologies of
plastic materials referring at liquid wood manufacturing. Water jet technology is a method able to
cut a wide variety of materials and shapes using a very high-pressure jet of water. This technology use
two basic methods: with water jet or a mixture of water and an abrasive substance.
The experimental planning use Taguchi methodology in order to manufacture parts from liquid
wood. For this research 6 input parameters will be utilized: water flow, pressure, part thickness, angle
inclination of jet, velocity movement of injection head and abrasive granulation. Each factor had two
variation levels.
This method, water jet and abrasive jet, is used in various industries for cutting, shaping, and reaming
metallic and nonmetallic materials.
Abstract:
Key words: water jet, abrasive jet, plastic materials, liquid wood, manufacturing, Taguchi methodology.
70

Paper ID: A-42
APPLICATION OF CBR METHOD FOR ADDING THE PROCESS OF

CUTTING TOOLS AND PARAMETERS SELECTION
Piotr Ociepka & Krzysztof Herbu
Corresponding author: Piotr Ociepka, piotr.ociepka@polsl.pl
Abstract: Market trends associated with rapidly changing demand, forcing producers to significantly accelerate
the development of new products and placing them in the market. Time for the implementation of the design
process, the constructional one and the production preparation one is getting shorter. This enforces of engineers
who carry out these processes using efficient tools that are able to significantly speed up the processes while
maintaining the profitability, quality and durability of products. In the case of design and constructional
processes are applied advanced and specialized tools of the CAD/CAE class, which significantly accelerate
them. The dynamic development of computer science and computer technology allows conducting researches on
effective methods of computing, basing on engineering knowledge and experience to support these processes. In
the process of production preparation and of manufacturing are used flexible manufacturing systems, which in
combination with CNC machine tools and computer programs of the CAM class allows to quickly and
effectively adapt the system to the new production schedule. One of the essential elements of the technology
process preparation is the selection of appropriate cutting tools and process parameters. This stage requires from
the technologist or machine tool operator the extensive knowledge and experience. This has a significant impact
on performance, cost of production and quality of manufactured parts. In the present article is described the
method based on engineering knowledge and experience for adding the process of cutting tools selection and
process parameters determination. The method proposed by the authors is based on the CBR (Cease Based
Reasoning) approach, and consists in searching the analogy (similarity) between the currently considered task,
and the earlier cases that - adequately described - are stored in the computer memory. The process of solving
problems using the CBR method could be presented as the series of action, which in literature is called the loop
of four R (Retrieval, Reuse, Revision, Retainment).
Fig. R4 model of the CBR cycle

Software adding the process of tasks solving, basing on the CBR method, should be equipped with effective
mechanisms for acquisition and processing of knowledge and experience, with the mechanisms for rapid
databases searching and with efficient algorithms for similarity determining. The main advantage of this method
is the fact that experience acquisition may be parallel to the process of current solution searching (when the
knowledge of this solution is the most complete). This article presents an algorithm and the formalized
description of the developed method. It is also presented the example of the cutting tools selection and process
parameters determination in the case of a turning process.
Key words: CBR method, turning process, CAM systems.
71

Paper ID: A-43
THE SURFACE QUALITY OF AWJ CUT PARTS AS A FUNCTION OF

ABRASIVE MATERIAL REUSING RATE
Carol Schnakovszky, Eugen Herghelegiu, Maria Crina Radu & Nicolae Catalin Tampu
Corresponding author: Carol Schnakovszky, scarol@ub.ro
Abrasive water jet cutting (AWJ) has been extensively used during the last years to process a
large variety of materials since it offers important advantages as a good quality of the processed
surface, without heat affected zones, low environmental impact (no emission of dust or other
compounds that endanger the health of the user), small induced mechanical stresses etc. The main
disadvantage is the high cost of processing (cost of equipment and consumables). In view of this, the
effects of reusing the abrasive material on the quality of processed surface are investigated in this
paper. Two steel materials were used: OL 37 (S 235) with large applicability in machine building
industry and 2P armor steel used in the arms industry. The reusing rate of the garnet abrasive material
was: 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100%. The quality of processed surface was quantified by the
following parameters: width at the jet inlet (Li), width at the jet outlet (Lo), inclination angle (),
deviation from perpendicularity (u) and roughness (Ra).
As result of the study it was found that reusing of abrasive material leads to a good quality of the
processed surface, the processing productivity being slightly affected. This means a decreased
consumption of new abrasive material, which in turn results in a lower cost of processing per unit
length (economic benefits) as well as lower power consumption, lower transport costs and fewer
related problems (environmental benefits).
Deviation from perpendicularity (u)
[mm]
Width of the processed surface at

the jet outlet (Lo) [mm]
Abstract:
1,5
1,3
2P steel
OL 37
1,1
0,9
0,7
0,5
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
0,5
0,4
0,3
0,2
0,1
Steel 2P
OL 37
0
0%
Recycled abrasive
20%
40%
60%
Recycled abrasive
Key words: abrasive water jet cutting reused abrasive, surface quality.
72
80%
100%

Paper ID: A-44
ANALYSIS OF THE RELATIONSHIP OF THE CUTTING TOOL WEAR

AT DRILLING OF THE STAINLESS STEEL X22CrMoV12-1
Marius Iacob, AurelianVlase, Ovidiu Bljin & Vlad Darie
Politehnica University of Bucharest, Production Engineering Department,
313 Splaiul Independenei, RO-060032, Bucharest, Romania
Corresponding author: Iacob Marius, marius_iacob87@yahoo.com
Abstract: This
article studies the cutting tool wear at drilling of the stainless steel X22CrMoV12-1. The
researches in the cutting domain have as purpose the cutting process economical optimization. The
experimental data and their subsequent processing represent the original contribution of the authors to
the estimation of polytropic exponents and to the assessment in terms of structure of the calculus
relation of the cutting tool wear. The obtained relationship of the cutting tool wear on the tool putting
surface at drilling of the steel X22CrMoV12-1 permits the determination of the wear on the putting
surface, in the case of a couple: stainless steel X22CrMoV12-1 - Rp5 high-speed spiral drill,
depending on the work parameters and the cutting conditions. Putting the condition of wear limitation,
from the obtained relation, the cutting speeds are exactly determinated. The paper also contains graphs
for the variation of the tool wear with parameters of the cutting technology. The results can be taken
into consideration in the educational studies and in the theoretical technical research. They can be
implemented in the manufacturing activity.
Keywords: drilling, tool wear, cutting speed, stainless steel, polytropic exponents.
Paper ID: A-45
RESEARCH REGARDING THE RELATIONSHIP OF THE AXIAL CUTTING

FORCE AT DRILLING OF THE STAINLESS STEEL X22CrMoV12-1
Marius Iacob, Ovidiu Bljin, AurelianVlase & Vlad Darie
Politehnica University of Bucharest, Production Engineering Department, 313 Splaiul Independenei, RO-060032,
Bucharest, Romania
Corresponding author: Iacob Marius, marius_iacob87@yahoo.com
This article represents a study of the cutting force at drilling of the stainless steel
X22CrMoV12-1. The structure of the cutting force relation was modified with respect to the relation
available in the technical literature for common steels. The tool speed was also included in the
calculation of the relation. The experimental data and their subsequent processing represent the
original contributions of the authors to the estimation of polytropic exponents and to the assessment in
terms of structure of the calculus relation of the cutting force. The article also contains graphs for the
variation of the cutting force with parameters of the cutting technology. The graphs are drawn based
on the analytic relationship of the cutting force, obtained in this paper, using the mathematical
software Maple. The results presented in this study can be taken into consideration in the educational
studies and in the theoretical technical research. Also, they can be certainly implemented in the
manufacturing activity. Our further studies will aim these problems also for other classes of steels.
Abstract:
Keywords: drilling, cutting force, stainless steel, polytropic exponents.
73

Paper ID: A-46
INFLUENCE OF WORKING PARAMETERS ON THE COMPOSITE

ELECTRODEPOSITION
Minodora Maria Pasare
Constantin Brancusi University of Targu-Jiu, Faculty of Engineering,
30 Eroilor Street, 210135, Targu-Jiu, Romania
Corresponding author: Minodora Maria Pasare, minodora_pasare@yahoo.com
Composite materials are extensively studied, especially in recent years, which have a wide
application in industry. Among these composite materials, in this paper we studied about electrolyte
composites obtained. The matrix is made up of particles of Ni-P on which have been deposited Si-C
hard particles.The amount of phosphorusincorporatedinto the layer increaseswithincreasing the content
of phosphorousacid in the electrolyte. The content of phosphorusincorporatedinto the coating
composition evolves as bothsolid as well as particle-free solutions. When the content of
phosphorousacid in the electrolyteislow and wherealloys are microcrystallized, the presence of
particulates changes a little the phosphorus content. At the increase of phosphorus content included in
the coatingisobservedthat the incorporation of phosphorusishigher for increasing the amount of
siliconcarbideparticles.This matrix studywasdoneaccording to the amount of phosphorus in the
depositedlayer.The co-deposited phosphorus modifies the crystallization mechanism so the
supersaturation nickel network by phosphorus allows the inhibition of the growth of nickel crystallites
whose size decreases until the complete amorphization of the solid solution. The development of
thesedepositswasaimed at determining the influence of the variation of phosphorousacid in the
electrolyte, and therefore the change in the content of phosphorusincluded in the layer for the
SiCparticulate, on the one hand, and, on the other hand, itwasintended the influence of heattreatment
on the depositionhardness. After the measurements, itisnotedthat the layerthicknesses are higher for
the depositionobtainedfromelectrolytewithsmallcontaining of phosphorousacid.The structure of the NiP alloy and the composite material Ni-P / SiC, depends on the amount of phosphoruscontained in the
layer and varies from the crystalline state (the low content of phosphorus) to the amorphous state (the
high content of phosphorus). Metallographic investigation and X-ray diffraction on the P20S40 sample
structure reveals the existence of nanocrystalline state of the layer, and itisnotedthat the grains of Ni-P
alloyislowerthanthatincorporatedSiCparticlesthat are more evident. Followingheattreatment,
itwasfoundthat the microcrystalline structure of the deposits, consisting of a solid nickel solution
supersaturated in phosphorus, ismaintained up to 1900C, and at highertemperaturesitisproducing the
precipitation of the Ni3P compound into the nickel matrix.
Abstract:
Key words: composite material, matrix, alloy, deposition, phosphorousacid.
74

Paper ID: A-47
UNIFORMITY OF THE ROUGHNESS PROFILE THROUGH THE ROTARYSOFTENING OF THE CYLINDERS OF THE ENGINE HEAT TO ELIMINATE
RUNNING
Daniel Chirita
Blvd. Mangeron, No. 59A, 700050 Iasi, Romania
Corresponding author: Daniel Chirita, chiritad76@yahoo.com
Abstract: Following
an analysis of the roughness resulting from honing it is found that the shape of the
roughness in cross-section resembles the saw teeth. For this reason, at the commissioning of a new or
repaired heat engine, it is controlled during the running operation, for the blunting of the roughnesss
tips after the honing operation.
After the running, in addition to the blunting between the piston and the cylinder it is found that the
engine oil containing metal powders should be replaced, the clearance between piston and cylinder is
larger and the outer surface of the piston in the contact area with the cylinder surface is polished.
The research in this study will present a method of plastic superficial deforming of the roughness tips
resulting from the process of honing on the heat engine cylinder surface, and its effects during the
operation of the engine under the parameters specified by the manufacturer. The advantage of this
method is that the running operation is eliminated.
Given that roughness is influenced by technological factors, the experimental research will be based on
the Taguchi methodology with six input parameters, each with two levels of variation. The main
parameters to be considered are: the cut material, the cutting stone abrasive grit, roughness speed,
rotation of the meaning of roughness, the size of the rollers of smoothing, the advance work of the
head of roughness.
The idea of this process of repairing a heat engine was born because of the world of competition
engines where speeds and operating conditions are greatly accelerated wear resulting in a great
wearing of the engine set and also a low time for repairs and life service with the original factory
specifications.
Keywords: rotary-polishing, plastic deformation, roughness, running.
75

Paper ID: A-48
STUDY OF CYLINDRICAL SURFACES TEXTURED IN MOTOR

MECHANISM
Daniel Chirita
Blvd. Mangeron, No. 59A, 700050 Iasi, Romania
Corresponding author: Daniel Chirita, chiritad76@yahoo.com
Roughness cylindrical surfaces resulting from mechanical processing are mocroneregularitati

what influence the bearing surface of the contact. Functional wear is due to clean the contact surfaces.
Like any phenomenon of attrition, in the first period functioning is reduced by more than 50% of the
height of small bumps, causing the reduction (in the trees) or increase (the holes) dimensions. This
changes the nature of the position. This connection appears to the Sub-Assembly or bad functioning
that Assembly (even damage).
So before applying any measures to reduce the frictions in the engine, you have to know the sources.
For this we will use the most used type, namely the four-cylinder engine on gasoline, where we
discover that the chemical energy of the fuel 100% engine only between 25-40% of it comes in the
form of mechanical energy to the wheel, the rest are losing through different kinematic systems that
make up and contributes to the good conditions of operation in heat engine.
The topography of the surface of the cylinder plays a major role in determining the friction, wear,
lubrication and piston Assembly sealing, the operating performance of the engine depending on it. The
cylinder surface is finished through the honing operation to generate the different layers of the surface
through a geometric structure with deep valleys for oil retention and a geometry of the plateau of
relative good thing that serves as contact, bearings for piston rings and piston sliding side.
In this paper will be presented to the study of cylindrical surface textured by the plastic deformation of
rotary-percussion. This plastic deformation will apply experimentally during surgery of honing as
follows: between honing of rough and finishing-after finishing, honing-after the operation of grinding,
then it tray area be put to work in different speed regimes and lubrication. Surface textured percussion
created by you to secure oil depots for the disposal of dry friction and percussion density on cylindrical
surfaces will help to decrease the bearing working surface. It will analyse this process at various stages
of lubrication in order to discover the technological advantages but also economic, such as malleability
of the metal cylinder, surface wear and built the skirt of the piston, the engine will be able to work at
higher revs or lower, operation running-in is necessary or not to decrease time commissioning the
parameters indicated by the manufacturer.
Abstract:
Keywords: plastic deformation, rotary-percussion, boring, roughness, concavities.
76

Paper ID: A-49
MODEL FOR ECONOMIC OPTIMIZATION OF THE TOOL LIFE AND

THE CUTTING SPEED AT DRILLING OF THE STEEL X15CrNiSi20-12
Ovidiu Bljin, Vlad Darie & Aurelian Vlase
Politehnica University of Bucharest-Romania, Production Engineering Department,
Str. Splaiul Independentei, No. 313, 060032, Sector 6, Bucharest, Romania
Corresponding author: Ovidiu Bljin, ovidiu_blajina@yahoo.com
The problems related to the wear of the cutting tools wear and the tools life at the machining
of the stainless steels are very important due to the chemical and mechanical characteristics of these
steels. Over time the research have studied the causes which produce the cutting tool wear and the
methods to improve the cutting tools durability, either by creating new types of materials for tools,
either by the choice tools geometric parameters and cutting regime. The purpose of this paper is the
optimization of the cutting tool life and the cutting speed at the drilling of the stainless steels in terms
of the global indicator of the minimum machining cost. In the specialized literature the cost of the
machining process has been analyzed using a number of approaches and varying degrees of
simplification to determine the optimum cutting tool life and the cutting tool speed for minimum cost
of the machining operation. The accuracy of the prediction of the tool life and the cutting speed is
dependent on the degree of sophistication of the cost model. Therefore, in this paper the total cost of
the drilling operation is considered as the sum of eight incremental costs.
A more comprehensive nonlinear programming model to minimize the total cost at the drilling of a
stainless steel is developed in this paper. The optimum cutting tool life and the associated cutting tool
speed are obtained by solving this mathematical model. The numerical mathematical model developed
for the analyzed case study of the stainless steel X15CrNiSi20-12 is resolved using the specialized
software WinQSB. The tabular and graphical variations of the cost in relation to the tool life, valid
only for the studied steel, are also presented in the paper.
The optimum tool life to provide the minimum cost of the machining operation is derived from the
new proposed cost model. The use of a more comprehensive cost model allows greater accuracy in the
prediction of the cost and getting the optimum tool life and the optimum cutting speed. The presented
results can be taken into consideration in the educational studies and in the theoretical technical
research. They can be implemented in the manufacturing activity.
Abstract:
Key words: tool life, cutting speed, machining cost, drilling, stainless steel.
77

Paper ID: A-50
TOOL LIFE AND CUTTING SPEED FOR THE MAXIMUM PRODUCTIVITY

AT THE DRILLING OF THE STAINLESS STEEL X15CrNiSi20-12
Aurelian Vlase, Vlad Darie & Bljin Ovidiu
University Politehnica of Bucharest-Romania, Production Engineering Department,
Str. Splaiul Independentei, No. 313, 060032, Sector 6, Bucharest, Romania
Corresponding author: Aurelian Vlase, aurelvlase@yahoo.com
The stainless steels are used more and more in various key domains of the technique. The
processing of these steels is determined by their specific physical-chemical characteristics and by their
technological properties. The research in the last decade regarding the cutting machinability of the
stainless steels have highlighted the insufficiency of the data for establishing of the optimum cutting
processing conditions and the optimum cutting regime. With this object in view, the purpose of this
paper is the optimization of the tool life and the cutting speed at the drilling of the stainless steels in
terms of the global indicator of the maximum productivity.
A nonlinear programming model to maximize the productivity at the drilling of a stainless steel is
developed in this paper. The relation of the productivity at the drilling operation is calculated based on
the expression of the time technical norm, specific for this processing operation. The restrictive
relations of the mathematical model refer: the cutting feed; the power consumption of the machining
process; the advance mechanism of the drilling machine; the buckling resistance of the spiral drill; the
drilling machine kinematics. The optimum cutting tool life and the associated cutting tool speed are
obtained by solving the proposed mathematical model.
The numerical mathematical model developed for the analyzed case study of the stainless steel
X15CrNiSi20-12 is resolved using the specialized software WinQSB. The numerical and graphical
analyzes of the machining productivity depending on the tool life, valid only for this studied steel, are
presented in the paper. The optimum rotational speed, corresponding to the optimum cutting speed, is
also calculated for the case study.
The optimum tool life to provide the maximum productivity of the machining operation is derived
from the proposed model. The use of this productivity model allows greater accuracy in the prediction
of the productivity for the drilling of the stainless steel X15CrNiSi20-12 and getting the optimum tool
life and the optimum cutting speed for the maximum productivity. The results of this study can be used
in production activity, in order to increase the productivity of the stainless steels machining. Also the
paper suggests new research directions for the specialists interested in this field.
Abstract:
Key words: tool life, cutting speed, productivity, drilling, stainless steel.
78

Paper ID: A-51
CONSIDERATIONS CONCERNING THE POWER CONSUMPTION

ALLOYED STEELS USING THREADING VORTEX PROCESS
Gheorghe Cretu
Corresponding author: Gheorghe Cretu, cretu_gh2yahoo.com
This paper presents particularities of vortex processing using adapted devices on lathes
(emphasizing the necessary auxiliary devices). Are presented some details of installation for power
consumption measuring and the results obtained from the processing of specific alloy steel for the
screws construction. On this basis conclusions are drawn regarding the construction of such devices.
Abstract:
Paper ID: A-52
ELECTROMAGNETIC PULSES BONE HEALING BOOSTER

Sorin R. Sintea1, Valentina M. Pomazan2, Daniela Bica3,
Dan Grebenian4 & Nicolae Bordea 1
1
Constanta Maritime University, Faculty of Naval Electro-Mechanics, 104 Mircea cel Batran, 900663, Constanta, Romania
2
Ovidius University, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, 124 Mamaia Blvd., 900527, Constana, Romania
3
C.M.I Daniela Bica, 10 Industriala, Constana, Romania
4
DG Engineering, Canada, 7 Headlands Crescent Witby, L1R1Z9, Ontario, Canada
Corresponding author: Valentina M. Pomazan, email: vpomazan@univ-ovidius.ro
The present study was triggered by the need to assist posttraumatic bone restauration as well
as compensatory bone growth in periodontal condition. Recent studies state that specific
electromagnetic stimulation can boost the bone restauration, reaching up to 30% decrease in recovery
time.
Based on the existing data on the electromagnetic parameters, a digital electronic device is proposed
for intra oral mounting and bone restauration stimulation in periodontal condition. The electrical signal
is applied to an inductive mark that will create and impregnate the designed magnetic field in diseased
tissue. The device also monitors the status of the electromagnetic field. Controlled wave forms and
pulse frequency signal at programmable intervals are obtained with optimized number of components
and miniaturized using SMD circuits and SMT mounting technology. Given the intra-oral
environment an enhanced protection against abnormal current growth is implemented. The system is
powered by an autonomous power supply (battery), to limit the problems caused by powering medical
equipments from the main power supply. Currently, the device, as concept version is under clinical
testing, in cycles of six up to twelve months.
The paper presents the basic principles for the electrical scheme and algorithms for pulse generation,
pulse control, electromagnetic field control and automation of current monitoring. The design
requirements in terms of materials and shape for the case and the inductive gauge are also approached.
Abstract:
Key words: bone growth, electromagnetic stimulation, SMD circuit.
79

Paper ID: A-53
GRASP META-HEURISTICS,
A NEW APPROACH TO THE CUTTING AND PACKING TYPE PROBLEMS
Gabriela Andrei & Simona Dinu
Constanta Maritime University, Faculty of Navigation and Naval Transport, 104 Mircea cel Batran Street, 900663,
Constanta, Romania
Corresponding author: Gabriela Andrei, andregabriela@yahoo.com
Metaheuristic methods represent new types of approximate algorithms that try to combine
basic heuristic methods in order to obtain a more efficient exploration of the space of solutions. These
are strategies which guide the search process for this purpose, i.e. to find optimal solutions. These
techniques cover a wide set of algorithms and they are not typical only for certain problems.
Explorative local searching methods (GRASP Greedy Randomized Adaptive Search Procedure)
represent a new approach to the cutting and packing type problems, combining local search with
constructive heuristics. This study presents GRASP meta-heuristics with the theoretical description of
the components which define this procedure for the concrete packing problems, placing this method
among the meta-heuristic techniques and examples regarding the implementation of the
aforementioned method, to solve problems of contemporary reality.
This technique may include avoidance mechanisms of local optimal values,
for an efficient
exploration and exploitation of the space of solutions, for the search of a better quality solution, as
well as for avoiding searching in regions that have already been explored, or have not provided
quality solutions.
The patterns of general application to transport, and specifically to maritime transport establish ways
of optimizing these activities.
Building a possible solution is done using an algorithm of the FFD type (First Fit Decreasing),
generalized in 2008, by Alvarez.
To view the deployment results, a batch file (script) is used. The commands contained in the file are
read and executed consecutively in AutoCAD environment. At the optimizing finish, the solution is
displayed as a diagram, in AutoCAD.
The conclusions are drawn from executions performed for a fixed number of different instances, with a
number of items in a certain area, and they refer to the distribution of values obtained in Greedy
Construction stage, distribution correlated with the results obtained in Local Search stage. In the
construction stage, the GRASP metaheuristics involves a repetitive selection. Correlating the results
obtained with Local Search stage, they determine the situation when the best solutions are obtained.
The conclusions show the influence of each of the two stages in the value of the best solution.
Abstract:
Key words: GRASP, meta heuristic, explorative local searching, local search, Greedy construction.
80

Paper ID: A-54
SYNTHESIS OF OPTIMAL DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE OF THE

TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESSES OF MACHINING
Alexei Toca, Ion Stingaci & Ivan Rushica
Technical University of Moldova Republic of Moldova, Department of Machine Manufacturing Technology,
Blvd. Stefan cel Mare, No. 168, 2004, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
Corresponding author Alexei Toca, a_toca@mail.utm.md
Abstract: In
this paper we consider the question of the creation of optimal processes using many criteria
of optimality. In the synthesis of machining technologies must take into account a great many factors
(economic, technical, dimensional accuracy etc.) that influence on the output quality parameters of the
process and is not only essential but also quite complex in the definition.
Among the criteria of optimality can be noted:
a minimum number of operations in the technological process;
a minimum number technological mounting in the process;
a minimum number of operation elements in each operation;
a minimum number of locating datum surfaces;
a minimum number of links in the technological dimension chains;
a minimum value of machining allowances;
a minimum values of allowances tolerance etc.
Is shown the necessity of ranking optimality criteria, and that the first criteria to be considered are a
criteria directly related to the accuracy of machining. Ranking optimality criteria can significantly
reduce the number of considered variants, which is very important to ensure the quality and timeliness
their technology development.
In the synthesis of the technological process must consider the results of the previous operation as a
blank for the next operation. In this case, there is a possibility of mutual adaptation of the dimensional
structures of the parts and of the technological system.
Key words: optimum dimensional structure, criteria of optimality, dimensional analysis, machining accuracy.
81

Paper ID: A-55
A NEW METHOD FOR THE ACCURACY EVALUATION OF A

MANUFACTURED PIECE
Valeria-Ersilia Oniga
Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi, Faculty of Hydrotechnical Engineering, Geodesy and Environmental
Engineering, Dimitrie Mangeron Boulevard, no.67, 700050, Iasi, Romania
Corresponding author: Valeria-Ersilia Oniga, ersilia.oniga@tuiasi.ro
To evaluate the accuracy of a manufactured piece, it must be measured and compared with a
reference model, namely the designed 3D model, based on geometrical elements. In this paper a new
method for the precision evaluation of a manufactured piece is proposed, which implies the creation of
the piece 3D digital model, based on digital images and its transformation into a 3D mesh surface. The
differences between the two models, the designed model and the new created one, are calculated using
the Hausdorff distance. The aim of this research is to determine the differences between two 3D
models, especially CAD models, with high precision, in a completely automated way. To obtain the
results, a small piece has been photographed with a digital camera, that was calibrated using a 3D
calibration object, a target consisting in a number of 42 points, 36 placed in the corners of 9 wood
cubes with different heights and 6 placed of them at the middle of the distance between the cubes, on a
board. This target was previously tested, the tests showing that using this calibration target instead of a
2D calibration grid, the precision of the final 3D model is improved with approximatlly 50%. The 3D
model of the manufactured piece was created using two methods. First, based on digital images, a
point cloud was automatically generated using the Visual SFM software and after the filtering process,
the remaining points were interpolated, obtaining the piece 3D model as a mesh surface. Second, the
piece 3D model was created using also the digital images, based on its characteristic points, resulting a
CAD model, that was transformed into a mesh surface. Final, the two 3D models were compared with
the designed model, using the CloudCompare software, resulting the imperfections of the
manufactured piece. The proposed method, highlights the differences between two models using a
color palette, offering in the same time a global comparison.
Abstract:
Key words: Hausdorff distance, 3D model, digital images, point cloud, accuracy, manufactured piece.
82

Paper ID: A-56
RESEARCH CONCERNING OPTIMUM CUTTING PARAMETERS

ACCORDING WITH TOOL PATH STRATEGY FOR FINISHING
PROCEDURES
Andra Elena Pena, Florea Dorel Anania & Miron Zapciu
University Politehnica of Bucharest, Department of Machine Tools and Manufacturing Systems,
Splaiul Independentei, No. 313, sector 6, 060042, Bucharest, Romania
Corresponding author: Andra Elena Pena, andra.pena@yahoo.com
Optimum machining parameters are of great concern in manufacturing environments, where

economy of machining operation plays a key role in competitiveness in the market. Optimization of
cutting parameters in NC milling needs to be studied because of its influence on machining time and
cost. Today, any CAM software offers many tool path strategies to milling free form geometries.
However, the users must have the know-how to choose the strategies according to geometry
complexity, cutting tool geometry and its contact on the machined surface. Choosing the right strategy
with the right cutting parameter is a rather difficult task to do on the machine tool. Many researchers
studied various cutting parameters mainly based on part material, cutting tool, machine tool etc but this
topic still needs to be explored. In this paper we try to take into account the influence of the tool path
over the surface quality for finishing operation. The main goal is to establish a direct link between
machining parameters and tool path in order to obtain the same surface quality for different
trajectories. The first step consist in making a series of experiments for standards toolpath (which can
be found in any CAM software) like one-way, zig-zag, spiral from outside to inside, zig-zag at 45 dgr
on a milling center. Based on the results, a correction coefficient for the federate was established. In
this phase the second step was to validate this coefficient for different feed rate for aluminium
machining. Another goal was to compare the machining time between different toolpath strategies with
the optimized machining parameters (based on correction coefficient). Still there are some bounderies
due to the tehnological limitation of metal cutting. It is well known that reducing the feedrates while
keeping the spindle speed up lightens the chipload and leads to a nicer surface finish. But lighten the
feedrate too much, the tools will start to rub, and tool life will go way down due to the excess heat
generated by the rubbing. This is the first step for developing an easy to use, fast calculus software for
the milling cutting parameters. The difference from the other similar software is that we take into
account (besides a number of other factors experimentally or analytically determined) the type of
cutting tool trajectories.
Abstract:
Key words: feedrate, milling, optimization, toolpath, roughness, cutting tool.
83

Paper ID: A-57
LASER CLADDING OF AISI 316L/CHROMIUM CARBIDE COMPOSITE

COATINGS
Damian Janicki
Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Welding Department,
Konarskiego 18A, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
Corresponding author: Damian Janicki, damian.janicki@polsl.pl
AISI 316L stainless steel grade is used extensively in chemical and petrochemical industries
due to its excellent corrosion resistance to both aqueous, gaseous and high temperature environments.
A growing application area is the use of this grade of stainless steel as protective coatings on other
metals. Often, the utility of these coatings is also determined by their wear behavior. However, AISI
316L exhibits both poor friction wear and erosion resistance. A possible materials solution to
providing coatings which combine the attributes of high wear and corrosion resistance is to use the
metal matrix composite coatings (MMCCs), composed of AISI 316L matrix and chromium carbides
reinforcing phase.
The paper describes the application of High Power Diode Direct Laser (HPDDL) with quasirectangular beam spot and uniform beam intensity profile for cladding of AISI 316L + chromium
carbide composite coatings (CCs). The laser cladding process was carried out with direct injection of
cladding powder into the melt pool. The aim of the work was to investigate the effect of Cr3C2 volume
fraction in the cladding powder on the coatings microstructure, hardness and erosion resistance. The
structure and morphology of the CCs were investigated by optical metallography, scanning electron
microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy
(XRD). To determine the erosion behaviour of the CCs tests of erosion wear were conducted at impact
angles of 30 and 90, in accordance with standard ASTM G 76-95. For comparison in the erosion
tests, metallic AISI 316L coatings (MCs), deposited at the same processing parameters as the CCs,
were also evaluated.
In general, the uniform HPDD laser beam intensity profile and the powder shape (powder spot size)
matched to the laser beam spot ensure to produce fully dense CCs with excellent metallurgical
bonding, flat fusion line, low dilution and homogenous distribution of Cr3C2 particle throughout the
matrix alloy. Distribution and dissolution of Cr3C2 particles are strongly dependent on the laser power
level and also volume fraction of Cr3C2 particles in the cladding powder. The erosion resistance of the
CCs depends directly on both the volume fraction of Cr3C2 particles embedded in alloy matrix and the
erodent impact angle. The CCs at all tested impact angles exhibited higher erosion resistance when
compared with that of the MCs.
Abstract:
Key words: high power diode direct laser, laser cladding, metal matrix composite, AISI 316L, chromium carbide, erosive
wear.
84

Paper ID: A-58
QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPARISONS ON

RECONDITIONING BY WELDING OF CRANKSHAFTS FROM AUTO
INDUSTRY
Oana Roxana Vrlan (Chivu), Corneliu Rontescu, Dumitru-Titi Cicic
& Stefan-Constantin Petriceanu
Politehnica University of Bucharest, Faculty of Engineering and Management of Technological Systems,
Independentei Str., No. 313, 060042, Bucharest, Romania
Corresponding author: Oana Roxana Virlan (Chivu), virlan_oana@yahoo.co.uk
One of the desideratum of modern society is to reduce the car maintenance costs. One of the
pieces of the engine block that mostly gives up in the area of the spindles of levels. Because the price
of a crankshaft is very high, specialists try to find new solutions to repair them, not replacing them.
The paper presents the results obtained after reconditioning by welding of a crankshaft, using two
different methods of reconditioning (Weld Toe Temepring Technique and lateral remelting), in case
of using two welding processes by melting, SMAW and TIG. There are made qualitative and
quantitative comparisons between results obtained under the two methods based on criteria: hardness,
thermomechanical affected zone, structure.
Abstract:
Key words: crankshaft, welding, reconditioning technique, the quality of the deposited layer, structure.
Paper ID: A-59
THE EFFECT OF RECONDITIONING TECHNIQUES BY WELDING ON THE

QUALITY OF DEPOSITS ON CRANKSHAFTS. CASE STUDY-SMAW
Oana Roxana Vrlan (Chivu), Dumitru-Titi Cicic, Corneliu Rontescu
& Stefan-Constantin Petriceanu
University Politehnica of Bucharest, Faculty of Engineering and Management of Technological Systems, Independentei
Street, No. 313, 060042, Bucharest, Romania
Corresponding author: Oana Roxana Virlan (Chivu), virlan_oana@yahoo.co.uk
Currently there is searching for solutions to repair crankshaft which yielded during operation.
The paper deals with the extension of the 2 methods of reconditioning by welding from energetic
industry in the domain of reconditioning the crankshafts from auto industry. There are presented the
result after the application of these methods of reconditioning Weld Toe Tempering Technique and
lateral remelting where there was used SMAW process. There are made qualitative and quantitative
comparisons between results obtained under the two methods based on criteria: hardness,
thermomechanical affected zone, structure.
Abstract:
Key words: welding, weld toe technique tempering, lateral remelting, reconditioning, SMAW.
85

Abstracts-Section B
Advances in Composite Materials and Technologies: Advanced Metals, Ceramics and Polymers;
Bio-Materials; Recycling of Materials
86

Paper ID: B-1
THE CORROSION BEHAVIOR OF NiTiNb ORTHODONTIC WIRES IN

TOMATO JUICE
Earar Kamel1, Daniel Mareci2, Sorin Iacoban 3, Bogdan Istrate3,
Teodor Stan4, Carmen Trinca4, Corneliu Munteanu3 & Adrian Caileanu2
1
University Dunarea De Jos, Faculty of Medicine, Domneasca Street, No. 47, Galati, Romania
Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection,
700050, Iasi, Romania
3
Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi, Faculty Of Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science Departament,
4
"Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Iasi, Faculty of Horticulture,
Iasi, Romania
2
Corresponding author: Corneliu Munteanu, cornelmun@gmail.com
An investigation about corrosion resistance of NiTiNb orthodontic wires in tomato juice at

37oC have been carried out by using electrochemical techniques. For comparison, NiTi orthodontic
wires have also been evaluated. Two electrochemical techniques were used: cyclic potentiodynamic
polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in tomato juice. The electrochemical
corrosion properties of NiTiNb and NiTi orthodontic wires were measured in terms of zero current
potential (ZCP) and corrosion current density (icorr). EIS technique was applied to study the nature of
the passive film formed on both samples at 10 minutes and 1 hour immersed time in tomato juice.
From EIS data, an equivalent circuit (EC) with on time constant was modelled.
Abstract:
Acknowledgement: This work was supported by a grant from the Romanian National Authority for Scientific
Research, CNCS-UEFISCDI, project number PN-II-ID-PCE-2011-3-0218.

Key words: NiTiNb, orthodontic wires, tomato juice, cyclic polarization, EIS, SEM.
87

Paper ID: B-2
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF FeNiCrWMn AND FeNiCrMnAl A NEW

HIGH ENTROPY ALLOYS
Gheorghe Buluc, Iulia Florea, Raluca Maria Florea & Ioan Carcea
Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi, Department of Materials Science and Engineering,
Corresponding author: Gheorghe Buluc, gheo_u@yahoo.com
The term of high entropy alloys started from the analysis of multi alloys, which were produced
at an experimental level since 1995by developing the new concept related to the development of
metallic materials. Recent developments in the field of high-entropy alloys have revealed that they
have versatile properties like: ductility, toughness, hardness and corrosion resistance. Up until now, it
has been demonstrated that the explored this alloys are feasible to be synthesized, processed, and
analyzed contrary to the misconceptions based on traditional experiences. Moreover, there are many
opportunities in this field for academic studies and industrial applications. As the combinations of
composition and process for producing HEAs are numerous and each HEA has its own microstructure
and properties to be identified and understood, the research work is truly limitless.
The novelty of these alloys consists of chimical composition. These alloys have been named high
entropy alloys due to the atomic scale mixing entropies higher than traditional alloys. In this paper I
present the mechanical properties of high entropy alloys FeNiCrWMn and FeNiCrMnAl.
Abstract:
This work was supported by the strategic grant POSDRU/159/1.5/S/133652, cofinanced by the European Social Fund within the Sectorial Operational Program Human Resources
Development 2007 2013.
This work was supported by a grant of the Romanian National Authority for Scientific Research,
CNCS-UEFISCDI, project number PN-II-PT-PCCA-2013-4-1048.
Acknowledgements:
Keywords:
high entropy alloys, SEM, chemical composition, dilatrometry.
88

Paper ID: B-3
COMPLEMENTARY METHODS FOR NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING OF

COMPOSITE MATERIALS REINFORCED WITH CARBON WOVEN FIBERS
Rozina Steigmann1,2, Nicoleta Iftimie1, Roman Sturm3, Petrica Vizureanu4 & Adriana Savin1
1
National Institute of R&D for Technical Physics, 47 D.Mangeron Blvd., 700050, Iasi, Romania
2
University Alexandru Ioan Cuza, 11 Carol Blvd, 700006, Iasi, Romania
3
University of Ljubljana, Kongresni trg 12, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
4
Technical University Gh.Asachi Iasi, 67 D.Mangeron Blvd., 700050, Iasi, Romania
Corresponding author: Rozina Steigmann steigmann@phys-iasi.ro
Abstract: This paper presents complementary methods used in nondestructive evaluation (NDE) of composite
materials reinforced with carbon woven fibers as two electromagnetic methods using sensor with orthogonal
coils and sensor with metamaterials lens as well as ultrasound phased array method and Fiber Bragg gratings
embedded instead of a carbon fiber for better health monitoring. The samples were impacted with low energy in
order to study delamination influence. The electromagnetic behavior of composite was simulated by finitedifference time-domain (FDTD) software, showing a very good concordance with electromagnetic
nondestructive evaluation tests.
Keywords: composite materials, damages, nondestructive testing, electromagnetic methods, ultrasound phased array, Fiber
Bragg gratings, FDTD.
Paper ID: B-4

ALLOYS WITH SUPERIOR MECHANICAL PROPERTIES USED IN MANUFACTURING
OF IMPLANTS
Mirabela Georgiana Minciun1, Petric Vizureanu1, Drago Cristian Achiei 1, Radu tefnoiu2
& Andrei Victor Sandu1
1
Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iai, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering,
Blvd. D. Mangeron 41, Iai, 700050, Romnia
2
Politehnica University Bucharest, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering,
313 Splaiul Independenei, 060042, Bucharest, Romnia
Abstract: This paper presents the characterization of a new alloy CoCrMoSi6, in terms of mechanical properties
using tensile strength and the study of fluidity. The original version of the alloy was obtained by casting process
in a vacuum arc furnace. Experimental results obtained from this study confirms that by increasing content of
silicon, the mechanical properties are superior and the positive results obtained at fluidity studies favoring the
formation of compounds, that lead to the reduction of alloying grade for solid solution and the plasticity of the
alloys.
Key words: biomaterials, cobalt alloys, EDAX, tensile strength, fluidity.
89

Paper ID: B-5
STRAIN MEASUREMENT IN THE SEAT-BACKREST COMPONENT MADE

OF GLASS / WOOD FLOUR / EPOXY HYBRID COMPOSITE MATERIAL
Camelia Cerbu
Transilvania University of Brasov, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering,
29 Eroilor Avenue, 500036, Brasov, Romania
Corresponding author: Camelia Cerbu, cerbu@unitbv.ro
Abstract: The
work presents the using of a hybrid laminated composite material to manufacture the seatbackrest component of a chair. This composite material is reinforced both with glass woven fabric and
with fir wood flour. In addition to the applications in the furniture industry, such a hybrid composite
structure could be used to manufacture: panels for thermal or acoustic insulation in constructions;
panels for interior design. It may enumerate some of the major advantages of the manufacturing of
such hybrid composite structures: 1) using of the wood waste as source for reinforcing / filler materials
in case of the composite materials is a necessity in the context of the using of the renewable and
sustainable resources; 2) hybrid composite material combines the advantages of the both reinforcing
materials used glass fibers (hight ratio between strength and weight, these are flexible, lightweight)
and wood chips (these gives a good appearance similar to wood, low price); 3) additionally reinforcing
with wood flour leads to the reducing the number of layers of glass fibers; 4) lower content of tannins
in case of the fir wood is an advantage in case of the outdoor applications because the tannins are
water-soluble phenol which can form dark colour complexes.
The main objective of the paper was the experimental measurement of the strains that occur during the
mechanical loading of the seat-backrest component in order to validate the numerical model used to
simulate the mechanical behavior of this component made of hybrid composite material. First of all,
the paper presents the seat-backrest component and the mechanical characteristics of the hybrid
composite material. This component was mounted on a metallic structure. Further, it presents
theoretical and experimental research methodology of the stress and strain states caused by the
mechanical loading. Theoretical research refers to the finite element analysis of stresses and strains. To
measure the strains the tensometric method was used with rosette strain gauges that are recommended
for structures made of composite materials. Thus, the strains were measured with respect to the three
directions of each rosette strain gauge in certain points of the composite part. Finally, the strains
experimentally measured are compared with theoretical ones. It was found that the errors are within
the 3-12%. The results experimentally obtained validated the numerical model of the seat-backrest
component. Consequently, the modeling of the material behavior can be applied to other structures
made of such hybrid composite material.
Key words: hybrid, composite, glass, wood flour, strain, tensometric method.
90

Paper ID: B-6
EFFECTS OF CASTING CONDITIONS ON PROPERTIES OF CO-CR-MO

ALLOYS FOR DENTAL APPLICATIONS
Anca Vitalariu, Romeu Chelariu & Radu Comaneci
Corresponding author: Anca Vitalariu, ancavitalariu@yahoo.com
Abstract: Having
better biocompatibility as well as higher resistance to tarnish compared to other dental

alloys, Co-Cr-Mo alloys are widely used for dental applications. With a superior strength and good
corrosion resistance as well as suitable wear resistance, Co-Cr-Mo alloys were intensively developed
for cast removable partial dentures (RPDs). Their mechanical properties such as higher elastic modulus
provide the necessary strength and rigidity without needing for thicker cross-sections, thus reducing
the weight of the metal frameworks. For RPDs, the retentive clasp arms should be sufficiently flexible,
keeping their initial shape and satisfactorily retaining of the prosthesis. Clasps manufactured from
alloys with higher yield strength show increased resistance to plastic deformation, while elongation is
associated with the extent of plastic deformation of the clasp before fracture.
To test the improvement in mechanical properties of Co-Cr-Mo alloys as effect of the technological
parameters, experimental castings were conducted under different conditions. Tensile testing and
hardness measurements were performed to evaluate the mechanical properties of the samples molded
in different conditions (i.e. melting and mold temperature, and solidification rate). To analyze the
changes in microstructure, optical and scanning electron microscopy have been undertaken. The
redistribution of the phases and/or elements was depicted by X-ray diffraction.
The results of the study highlight the effects of the casting conditions on microstructure and properties
of Co-Cr-Mo dental alloys used for RPDs.
Keywords: Co-Cr-Mo alloys, casting conditions, dental applications.
91

Paper ID: B-7
MIXED OXIDES DERIVED FROM LAYERED DOUBLE HYDROXIDES AS

NOVEL CATALYSTS FOR PHENOL PHOTODEGRADATION
C.M. Puscasu1, G. Carja1, M. Mureseanu2 & C. Zaharia1
1
Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi-Romania, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental
Protection, Prof.Dr.docent D.Mangeron Blvd, No. 73, 700050, Iasi, Romania
2
University of Craiova, Faculty of Chemistry, 107-I Calea Bucuresti, Craiova, Romania
Corresponding author: Carmen Zaharia, czah@ch.tuiasi.ro, czaharia2003@yahoo.com
Abstract: The
removal of organic pollutants is nowadays a very challenging aspect of the environmental

research. There are strong interests to develop new photocatalysts with specific semiconductor
properties, able to promote advanced oxidation reactions. The development of photocatalysts based on
the mixed oxides derived from layered double hydroxides (LDHs) - a family of naturally occurring
anionic clays - might offer novel environmetal-friendly solutions for the cost effective removal of
organic pollutants.
The novel catalytic formulations were obtained using the precursors materials type ZnM-LDH (M =
Al3+, Cr3+ and Ti4+). The LDH clays were synthesized by the co-precipitation method at the constant
pH. Calcination at 600C gives rise to solutions of mixed metal oxides with porous properties. The
structural and nanoarhitectural features of the studied catalysts were described by: XRD, SEM and N 2
adsorption while their photoresponsive properties were studied by the UV-VIS spectroscopy.
This work presents ZnO/ZnAl2O4, ZnO/Zn2TiO4 and ZnO/ZnCr2O4 as novels photocatalytic
formulations for phenol degradation under UV irradiation. Results show that when tested in the
photocatalytic process of the phenol degradation from aqueous solutions, ZnO/ZnCr2O4 and
ZnO/ZnAl2O4 showed the best performance degrading ~98% of phenol after 3.5h and 5h, respectively;
while ZnO/Zn2TiO4 has degraded almost 80% after 7.5h of UV irradiation.
These results open new opportunities in the development of new cost effective photoresponsive
formulations able to facilitate the photo-degradation of the organic pollution as "green" solution for
removal of dangerous pollutants.
Acknowledgment: This work was supported by the grant of the Romanian National Authority for Scientific Research,
CNCS-UEFISCDI, project number PN-II-ID-PCE-2012-4-0057 (contract number 75/2013).
Key words: LDHs, mixed oxides, novel catalyst formulations, phenol photooxidation.
92

Paper ID: B-8
ASPECTS REGARDING THE TRIBOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF

SINTERED COMPOSITES OBTAINED FROM MIXTURE OF COPPER WITH
CARBON FIBERS
Radu Caliman
Corresponding author: Radu Caliman, rcaliman@ub.ro
Abstract: This
paper presents a study of the tribological properties of sintered composite materials made
from combination of copper with short carbon fibers. Sintered composite materials are more effective
if refer to specific properties per unit volume compared to conventional isotropic materials. Potential
advantages of copper - carbon composite materials are: high resistance to breakage and high value
ratios strength/density; resistance to high temperatures; low density and high resistance to wear; low or
high friction coefficient. The sintered composites are complex and versatile materials; their
adaptability it is given by the huge number of choices of the constituent materials that can be joined to
acquire the wanted properties of generally impractical from conservative materials. The sintered
composite materials used in this research work are obtained combining different percentages of copper
with short carbon fibers with iron and lead in order to investigate the variation of the friction
behaviour. Varying the percentage of copper from 92,2% to 97,6% and the percentage of short carbon
fibers from 7,8% to 2,4%, five different composite materials are obtained and tested. Friction tests are
carried out, at room temperature, in dry conditions, on a pin-on-disc machine. The friction coefficient
was measured using abrasive discs made from steel 4340 having the average hardness of 40 HRC, and
sliding velocity of 0,6 m/sec. The main objective of this research work it was to identify a combination
of materials with improved friction behaviour. The experimental results revealed that the force applied
on the specimen during the tests, is playing a very important role regarding friction coefficient and also
the wearing speed. Graphite particles are conveyed consistently inside the net, enhancing scraped spot
safety and voltage drop over normal composite material. The static tests demonstrated that this new
kind of sintered composite material has preferable electrical execution over previous brush material in
the same conditions, and the element tests demonstrated that the temperature climb is not enormous
when the brush with this new composite material is exchanged on with huge current and the surface
scraped spot is littler amid sliding.The new method of obtained sintered composites, using high-energy
and high speed is adequate for production of tribological parts.
Key words: sintered composites, carbon fibers, copper, tribological properties, durability.
93

Paper ID: B-9
EXTENDING THE APPLICATION POSSIBILITIES OF LIGHTWEIGHT

MATERIALS THROUGH THERMAL SPRAYED COATINGS
Septimiu Popa & Rainer Gadow
Institute for Manufacturing Technologies of Ceramic Components and Composites, University of Stuttgart,
Stuttgart D-70569, Germany
Corresponding author: Septimiu Popa, septimiu.popa@ifkb.uni-stuttgart.de
Abstract: The
development of new products and the increasing demands on the material properties result
in new manufacturing technology concepts. Especially when it comes to lightweight structures the
demand is steadily growing, mainly in the aircraft and automobile industries where low weight ratios
are crucial for reducing fuel consumption and emission rates. For such applications polymer- and
polymer matrix composite materials, specifically carbon fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) bear a great
potential due to their low density, high specific stiffness and high specific strength. Despite those
qualities, CFRP materials lack the ability to withstand high temperatures, have limited wear- and
corrosion resistance and present the risk of oxidation and chemical degradation under severe
environmental conditions. To avoid component failure if exposed to such environments and therefore
expand the operational capability of the components, the surface areas have to be functionalized
through coating. This is realized by a thermo-kinetic spray process. These high energetic deposition
processes are able to apply high meltable metallic and ceramic coatings with melting points above
2000 C on a wide range of substrate materials. The high process temperatures in combination with the
polymeric CFRP-substrate require a detailed knowledge on process parameters, -kinematics and cooling to prevent thermal degradation and minimize residual stresses. In most cases, due to the
different chemical character, the functional layer can not be applied directly on the CFRP substrate and
requires therefore a metallic interlayer that has to ensure proper adhesion. Detailed material studys,
including surface analysis, adhesion tests and various fatigue tests, have been carried out to determine
the ideal bond coat materials. In order to be able to characterize the material compound, metallurgical
and physical studies were performed. The present research shows an innovative way of creating hybrid
light weight materials with improved proprieties for high end products with application possibilities in
a wide range of industry branches.
Key words: Carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP), thermal spray coating, interlayer, coating adhesion.
94

Paper ID: B-10
THE ROLE OF CFRP REINFORCEMENT IN STIFFNESS STUDY

OF THE WOOD BEAMS
Aurora Ctlina Iani
Constantin Brncui University of Trgu-Jiu, Faculty of Engineering,
30 Eroilor Street, 210135, Trgu-Jiu, Romania
Corresponding author: Aurora Ctlina Iani, ianasi_c@yahoo.com
In recent years, carbon fiber composites have been increasingly used in different ways in
reinforcing structural elements. Specifically, the use of composite materials as a reinforcement for
wood beams under bending loads requires paying attention to several aspects of the problem such as
the number of the composite layers applied on the wood beams. Study consolidation of composites
revealed that they are made by bonding fibrous material impregnated with resin on the surface of
various elements, to restore or increase the load carrying capacity (bending, cutting, compression or
torque) without significant damage of their rigidity. Fibers used in building applications can be
fiberglass, aramid or carbon. Items that can be strengthened are concrete, brick, wood, steel and stone,
and in terms of structural beams, walls, columns and floors. This paper describes an experimental
study which was designed to evaluate the effect of composite material on the stiffness of the wood
beams. It proposes a summary of the fundamental principles of analysis of composite materials and the
design and use. The type of reinforcement used on the beams is the carbon fiber reinforced polymer
(CFRP) sheet and plates and also an epoxy resin for bonding all the elements. Structural epoxy resins
remain the primary choice of adhesive to form the bond to fiber-reinforced plastics and are the
generally accepted adhesives in bonded CFRPwood connections. The advantages of using epoxy
resin in comparison to common wood-laminating adhesives are their gap-filling qualities and the low
clamping pressures that are required to form the bond between carbon fiber plates or sheets and the
wood beams. Mechanical tests performed on the reinforced wood beams showed that CFRP materials
may produce flexural displacement and lifting increases of the beams. Observations of the
experimental loaddisplacement relationships showed that bending strength increased for wood beams
reinforced with CFRP composite plates and sheets compared to those without CFRP reinforcement.
The main conclusion of the tests is that the tensioning forces allow beam taking a maximum load for a
while, something that is particularly useful when we consider a real construction, so in case of excess
lift beam, we have time to take strengthening measures and when is about a catastrophic request
(earthquake) the construction remain partially functional. The experiments have shown that the method
of increasing resistance of wood constructions with composite materials is good for it. The solution is
easy to implement and has low costs.
Abstract:
Key words: carbon fiber, bending strength, wood beams, stiffness, reinforcement, displacement.
95

Paper ID: B-11
MODELLING OF FRACTURE PHENOMENON IN CASE OF COMPOSITE

MATERIALS REINFORCED WITH SHORT CARBON FIBERS
Radu Caliman
Corresponding author: Radu Caliman, rcaliman@ub.ro
This paper presents a study regarding the modelling process of fracture initiation and
propagation in case of polymeric composite materials reinforced with short carbon fibres. In recent
times, there are multiple concerns regarding strength and fracture behaviour of composites due to their
utilisation in complex structures such as those used in the field of aviation. Composites are
progressively utilized as a part of elite aircraft and shuttle structures, principally focused around their
relatively high particular quality and firmness which get from their generally low thickness. This
pattern is relied upon to proceed because of the expanding interest for vitality sparing flying machine
and drive frameworks for space applications for which weight decreases are a crucial. The evaluation
of the simulation data indicates the properties of composites in order to fulfil the requirements of their
users. The main way to understand the phenomenon of fracture in case of composite materials, and
also to anticipate and avoid material fatigue and failure is proved to be the finite element analysis. The
research work presented in this paper describes the composite materials in terms of formation and
propagation of cracks using an algorithm that imposes disproportional loads to composite samples. The
required parameters that describe the composites fracture demand inputs as: load intensity, geometry
features and relative loading direction. In order to obtain reliable results, it should be a good
correlation between the model which describe the facture propagation, the composition of the material
and the structural homogeneity. The presented study is using a Functionally Graded Material with
local homogeneity in fracture area, and a numerical model based on integration of interactions (Mori
Tanaka method). The parameters that describes the fracture behaviour, includes a factor of stress
intensity which is important for establish the fracture direction. The model used in simulations is
considering a composite sample with rectangular shape and 6 mm thickness. The sample is loaded with
predefine stress ct (MPa) above and under the fracture line. ct represents the critical stress able to
lead to fracture propagation. The main objective of this research work it was to generate a numerical
model which describes the fracture behaviour of a composite material. The obtained model and its
accuracy to describe the fracture behaviour of a composite material is presented in the final part of this
paper.
Abstract:
Key words: modelling, fracture, composite, carbon fibers, crack propagation.
96

Paper ID: B-12
RESEARCH ON OBTAINING POROUS METAL ALUMINUM ALLOY BASED

AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES CHARACTERIZATION
Ctlina Manoliu (Nuescu Duduman)1, Oana Bltescu1 , Luiza Camelia Budeanu2,
Ioan Carcea1 & Maricel Agop1
1
"Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University of Iai, Department of Materials Science,

Blvd. Mangeron, No. 41, 700050, Iai, Romania
2Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Faculty of Physics,
11 Carol I, Iai, 700506, Romania
Corresponding author: Ctlina Manoliu (Nuescu Duduman), catalinanutescu@yahoo.com
This article presents obtaining aluminum alloy based porous metal by casting using NaCl as
space holder. Porous metallic materials generally known as metal foams have been of increasing
interest during recent years due to their unique properties such as high specific strength, conductivity.
Metal foams are an innovative and challenging class of materials. Due to their unusual physical,
mechanical, thermal, and acoustic properties, they have received more attention by materials
researchers in the last few years and are finding several structural and functional applications in
different engineering fields. In this work we obtained a porous metal material aluminum alloy.We
investigated mechanical properties of the porous metal obtained by infiltrating molten metal. The
results showed that the method is efficient and that the porous metal has a higher structural integrity.
Abstract:
Key words: porous metals, aluminum alloy, casting, mechanical properties.
Paper ID: B-13
SINTERED DEFORMED MATERIALS THROUGH MECHANICAL TESTING

IN CRYOGENIC ENVIRONMENTS
Cristina Ionici
University "Constantin Brancusi", Nicolae Titulescu Street, No. 3b, Tg.-Jiu, Romania
Corresponding author: Cristina Ionici, cfelix1967@yahoo.com
Alloying elements have an important affect upon the mechanical properties of the Sintered
Materials. Compression tests show that the cupper based material obtains high results in cryogenic
environments.
Tests reveal the weak resistance of materials that contain 0.8% C and 3% Cu, due to a poor
classification and a inhomogenous metallographycal structure.
Absract:
97

Paper ID: B-14
OPTIMISATION OF THE BLANK SHAPE AND DIMENSIONS IN ORDER TO

REDUCE MATERIAL SCRAP FROM DEEP DRAWING PROCESSES
Aurelian Albut
Corresponding author: Aurelian Albut albut_aurelian@ub.ro
Abstract: The
final part of deep drawing process is affected by multiple interdependent factors. Some of
these factors are: process parameters (forming speed, blank holder force, tool clearance, friction
coefficient), mechanical properties of the blank material, and shape and dimensions of the initial blank
(blank prior the forming process). This paper presents a study regarding optimization of the blank
shape and dimensions in order to obtain a final forming product which will not require multiple
trimming operations. Additional operation after the forming process is over, are costly even we
quantify time or money. For this reason the producer objective is to cut all the supplementary work
that will delay him to reach the market. The optimisation is having as a second goal maximization of
the material utilization. Generally, deep drawing operation generate important quantities of scrap
material, which must be collected, transported and finally reinstated in the production chain; all of this
with additional costs for the end user and with sever harms of the planet environment. The work
presented in this paper is using as a starting point the final product requested to be made. The forming
tools are designed in order to obtain the desired part and the forming process is simulated using
Dynaform software. As expected the obtained part differs from the desired one. All the process
parameters, tools dimensions, and blank shape and dimensions are optimised in order to obtain the
requested part and to reduce material scrap. Multiple simulations are required in order to understand
and to quantify the influence of each parameter (factorial design) and numerical optimisation is done
to obtain the best value for each factor. The gained knowledge is used to generate the objective
function required by the numerical optimization method. With the optimized process parameters a new
simulation is made and the final shape of the part is compared with the ideal geometry. The shape of
the part obtained with the optimized parameters is proving the capability of the proposed method. Also
a comparison it is done between the material scrap obtained initially and after optimisation. In the final
part of this paper conclusions regarding the optimisation results are presented.
Key words: deep drawing, blank shape, blank dimensions, optimization, scrap.
98

Paper ID: B-15
EXPERIMENTAL DETERMINATIONS OF THE EIGENMODES FOR

COMPOSITE BARS MADE WITH CARBON AND KEVLAR-CARBON
FIBERS
Cosmin Mihai Mirioiu1, Marius Marinel Stnescu 2, Cristian Oliviu Burada 1, Dumitru Bolcu 1
& Vlcu Roca 1
1
Faculty of Mechanics, University of Craiova, 165 Calea Bucuresti, 200620, Craiova, Romania, UE
Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Craiova, 13 AI Cuza, 200396, Craiova, Romania, UE
Corresponding author: Cosmin Mihai Mirioiu, miritoiucosmin@yahoo.com
The modal identification for mechanical systems can be divided in two major groups groups:
the single-point excitation and the multi-point excitation. From these two methods the multi-point
excitation has restricted usage in modal identification engineering because it requires expensive
apparatus. In this paper we present the theoretical background of modal identification for the singlepoint excitation method because this experimental method will be used for eigenmodes determination.
The single-point excitation method has been widely used in modal tests and it consists in applying a
force in a given point and recording the vibratory structure response in all interest points, including the
excitation point. Although the single-point excitation requires a minimum of equipment, it needs a
laborious analysis to perform extensive result processing in order to interpret the dynamic behaviour of
the structure under test. There will be presented the experimental recordings for each bar, the
frequency response function in Cartesian and polar coordinates. By using the frequency response
functions we determine the eigenparameters for each bar. We present the eigenmodes panels in the
partial approximation and the final values of the eigenmodes (with the damping factors,
eigenfrequencies and critical damping). By using the eigenfrequency of the first eigenmode we
determine the bars stiffness and we validate the results by using an approximate method (which
consists in clamping the bar at one end, apply a fosrce at the free end and measure the displacement
with a comparative device). The presented bars can be used in practical engineering for: car or bus
body parts, planes body parts, bullet-proof vest, reinforcements for sandwich beams, and so on. All the
experiments will ba made by using the next apparatus: Brual&Kjaer accelerometer for vibratory
response recording, Bruel&Kjaer impact hammer used to apply a shock force, SPIDER 8 data
acquisition system connected through USB port to a notebook and the sigal conditioner NEXUS.
Abstract:
Keywords: vibration, eigenmodes, kevlar-carbon fiber, carbon-fiber.
99

Paper ID: B-16
MORPHOLOGICAL AND TRIBOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF SOME ZrO2

COATINGS ON Mg-Ca BIODEGRADABLE ALLOYS
Bogdan Istrate1, Corneliu Munteanu1, Carmen-Iulia Crimu1, Sorin Iacob Strugaru1,
Marcelin Benchea1 & Kamel Earar2
1
Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering,

No. 43, D. Mangeron Str., 700050, Iasi, Romania
2
Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, Faculty of Medicine, Dental Medicine,
Al. I. Cuza 35 Str., Galati, Romania
Corresponding author: Istrate Bogdan, bogdan_istrate1@yahoo.com
The MgCa biodegrdable alloy system has been proposed as a potential new kind of
degradable biomaterial with possible application within medical and orthopedic field. Mg alloys have
mechanical properties similar to bone which avoid stress shielding effect. This system is also
biocompatible to the human body as a cofactor for many enzymes. Mg realeases corrosion products
and are likely to be physiologically beneficial in tissue regenartion. Most importantly, they are
perfectly biodegradable in the body organism. No material could match perfectly every requirement
for a given application. In order to improve the degradation and the surface properties, it is neccesary
to apply a surface film to satisfy multiple clinical requirements such as mechanical strength,
biocompatibility, and degradation rate. Therefore, surface changing to form a tenacious, biocompatible
and corrosion resistant modified layer has become a neccesary study in biodegradable materials. The
aim of the study is to observe the morphology and scratch analysis for some coatings of ZrO2-CaO and
ZrO2-Y2O3 with two different thicknesses deposited with an atmospheric plasma spraying facility,
Sulzer Metco 9MCE, using scanning electron microscopy SEM QUANTA 200 3D. Some mechanical
aspects were highlighted during the scratch test. Comparative scratch tests were carried out to study
the bonding properties between the coatings and the substrates.
Abstract:
Key words: Mg-Ca, biodegradable alloys, ZrO2 coatings, APS, SEM, Scratch analysis.
100

Paper ID: B-17
ON THE INTERRACTION LIQUID WOOD ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD

Elena Puiu Costescu1, Dumitru Nedelcu1, Simona Plavanescu (Mazurchevici)1, Maricel Agop2
& Dorin Vaideanu2
1

2
University Al.I.Cuza of Iasi-Romania, Faculty of Physics,
Blvd. Carol I, No. 11, 700506, Iasi, Romania
Corresponding author: Elena Puiu Costescu, naturaone@gmail.com
Due to the increasing demand for products and materials through some non-toxic,
environmentally friendly and biodegradable alternative, society is always in the race to develop new,
performant and biodegradable materials for specific applications. It is important to know and using
characteristics of these materials and their behavior in certain environments and conditions, so as to be
in future used to improve their behavior in certain environments, either available or innovative ways of
processing and using them, or even just to save energy in their processing or recycling. Is studied the
action of the electromagnetic field on arboblend and arbofill form of liquid wood biocomposite.
Characteristic parametres are determined (punching shear voltage, electrical conductivity, polarization
degree etc.) and is determined the class of material to which it belongs from electromagnetic point of
view. Obtained results in the study of arbofil and arboblend behavior in external electromagnetic field
aimed at eliminating structural defects that may occur during the injection process thereby improving
the quality and durability of products obtained by injection. Are follows the modification of the
physico-chemical properties of the two liquid wood biocomposite under the action of electromagnetic
radiation, depending on their frequency and energy. The results will indicate areas of activity in which
the use of the two materials can have a major impact with significant environmental consequences.
Abstract:
Key words: electromagnetic, liquid-wood, biocomposite, electrical conductivity, polarization degree.
101

Paper ID: B-18
STUDY ON CORROSION RESISTANCE OF HIGH-ENTROPY ALLOYS IN

MEDIUM ACID LIQUID AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
Iulia Muscalu1, Gheorghe Buluc1, Vasile Soare2 & Ioan Carcea1
1Technical University Gheorghe Asachi, Department of Materials Science and Engineering,
2Blvd. Mangeron, No. 59A, 700050, Iasi, Romania
2
National Research & Development Institute for nonferrous and Rare Metals IMNR
102 Biruinei Blvd, 077145 Pantelimon, Ilfov, Romania
Corresponding author: Iulia Muscalu, iuliamuscalu@yahoo.com
High-entropy alloy is a new alloy which is different from traditional alloys. The high entropy
alloys were started in Tsing Hua University of Taiwan since 1995 by Yeh et al. Consisting of a variety
of elements, each element occupying a similar compared with other alloy elements to form a high
entropy. We could define high entropy alloys as having approximately equal concentrations, made up
of a group of 5 to 11 major elements. In general, the content of each element is not more than 35% by
weight of the alloy. During the investigation it turned out that this alloy has a high hardness and is also
corrosion proof and also strength and good thermal stability. In the experimental area, scientists used
different tools, including traditional casting, mechanical alloying, sputtering, splat-quenching to obtain
the high entropy alloys with different alloying elements and then to investigate the corresponding
microstructures and mechanical, chimical, thermal, and electronic performances.
The present study is aimed to investigate the corrosion resistance in a different medium acid and try to
put in evidence the mechanical properties. Forasmuch of the wide composition range and the
enormous number of alloy systems in high entropy alloys, the mechanical properties of high entropy
alloys can vary significantly. In terms of hardness, the most critical factors are: hardness/strength of
each composing phase in the alloy, distribution of the composing phases.The corrosion resistance of an
high entropy alloy was made in acid liquid such as 10%HNO3-3%HF, 10%H2SO4, 5%HCl and then
was investigated, respectively with weight loss experiment. Weight loss test was carried out by put the
samples into the acid solution for corrosion. The solution was maintained at a constant room
temperature. The liquid formulations used for tests were 3% hydrofluoric acid with 10% nitric acid,
10% sulfuric acid, 5% hydrochloric acid. Weight loss of the samples was measured by electronic scale.
Abstract:
Key words: corrosion resistance, mechanical properties, acid liquid, weight loss test.
102

Paper ID: B-19
NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF THE THERMAL BEHAVIOR OF

HEATED NATURAL COMPOSITE MATERIALS
Qasim Saleh Mahdi1, Fadhel Abbas2 & Mohammed R. Hashim3
1
AL- Mustansiriya University, Iraq - Baghdad

2
College of Engineering, Iraq - Baghdad
3
Midland Refinery Company, Iraq - Baghdad
Corresponding author: Qasim Saleh Mahdi, qasim602006@yahoo.com
In the present work a numerical investigation was carried out for laminar natural convection
heat transfer from natural composite material. The specimen is a rectangular (30 cm x 20 cmx0.6 cm)
plate which was the heated surface facing upwards at different angle positions. Three types of natural
materials such as seed dates, egg shells, and feathers are mixed separately with polyester resin. Natural
composite materials are the product of this process. Natural materials are added with different volume
fraction (10%, 20%, and 30%). Natural composite materials are heated with different heat flux
(1078W/m2, 928W/m2, 750W/m2, 608W/m2, and 457W/m2) at (vertical, inclined, and horizontal)
position.
Continuity and Navier-Stocks equations are solved numerically in three dimensions using ANSYS
FLUENT package 12.1 software commercial program Numerical results showed the temperature
distribution was affected for all types of natural composite materials at volume fraction 30% and heat
flux is 1078 W/m2, for different position. So, shows that the plumes and temperature behavior are
affected by the air and the distance from heat source. Numerical results showed acceptable agreement
with the experimental previous results.
Abstract:
Keywords: natural convection, natural composite material, thermal conductivity, ANSYS.
103

Paper ID: B-20
PHYSICAL AND STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION OF

Ti-BASED ALLOY
Mdlina Simona Blatu1, Petric Vizureanu1 & Bogdan Istrate2
1
Gheorghe Asachi Technical University from Iai, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering,
No. 41, D. Mangeron Str., 700050, Iai, Romnia
2
Gheorghe Asachi Technical University from Iai, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering,
No. 41, D. Mangeron Str., 700050, Iai, Romnia
Abstract: Metallic
biomaterials like cobalt based alloys, stainless steel and titanium based alloys are the
most used in medical applications, as orthopedic implants, dental materials and cardiovascular devices.
Pure titanium and titanium alloys are widely used as implant materials in the medical and dental
applications because of their superior biocompatibility, corrosion resistance and specific strength
compared with other metallic implant materials. The paper present a study of a Ti implant screw used
in dental application. Microstructure of Ti dental screw was investigated by using optical and
scanning electron microscopy. The importance of knowing the behavior of Ti-based alloys at high
temperatures provides information on the ways that can be improved mechanical properties, physical
and technological. Therefore I study thermal expansion changes for Ti implant screw, subjected
heating to 1200C by using dilatometric analysis.
Key words: Ti alloy, biomaterials, SEM, dilatometric analysis.
Paper ID: B-21
SUPERELASTIC-LIKE RESPONSE OBTAINED AT Fe-Mn-Si-Cr SHAPE

MEMORY ALLOYS PROCESSED BY HIGH-SPEED HIGH PRESSURE
TORSION
Gheorghe Gurau
Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, Faculty of Materials Engineering and the Environment,
Domneasca Str., no. 111, 800201, Galati, Romania
Corresponding author: Gheorghe Gurau, gheorghe.gurau@ugal.ro
By means of an original high speed high pressure torsion procedure, coned-disk spring shape
modules, with hardness gradient along their generators, were produced from anFe-28Mn-6Si-7Cr
(mass %) shape memory alloy. The modules were subjected to loading-unloading compression tests by
means of deformation devices with three configurations. When compressed between two flat surfaces
the modules, with various shape characteristic ratios, developed a superelastic-like response,
characterized by force plateaus both on their loading and unloading portions, which preserved their
aspect and werereproducible during isothermal cycling, at different temperatures between room
temperature and 473 K.
Abstract:
104

Paper ID: B-22
RESEARCHES ON THE BEHAVIOR OF CELLULAR ANTIBALLISTIC

COMPOSITES BASED ON AlMg-SiC ALLOYS
Oana Bltescu, Raluca Maria Florea, Ioan Rusu & Ioan Carcea
Corresponding author: Oana Btescu, oana84rou@yahoo.com
Abstract: The
researches presented in this paper refers basically to the impact of a small/medium caliber
bullet shot on a light armor built on the base of a AlMg-SiC metallic composite cellular/foam. Thus,
we study the antiballistic behavior and protection properties of the armor, based on the effects that
occur at the impact zone of the bullet with the composite surface. We performed an antiballistic
behavior modeling by means of a finite element analysis, based on a "multi grid" Fast Finite Element
(FFE) system. We used for this purpose the DYNA 2D software package. The obtained samples show
after the impact the occurrence of concentration / deformation pores effect and intercellular cracks
development to the interior of the composite. Those effects, depending on speed, mass and length of
the projectile ballistic trajectory, reduce zonal tensions due to the effect of cell walls deformation. It
was obtained a good correlation between modeling results and the electron microscope analyse of the
impact area. It is worth mentioning that almost all values for impact energy absorbed by the composite
armor are in the protection active zone provided by it. Thus, for example, it was shown theoretical and
practical that a 20 mm armor made of composite cell is enough to stop a 9 mm projectile. In
conclusion, the use of DYNA 2D software type applications for impact and ballistic behavior studies
of cellular composites can be helpful in predicting the behavior of these materials for various military
applications (infantry, aeronautics, marine, etc.).
Key words: metallic cellular composite, antiballistic, foams, Fast Finite Element (FFE).
105

Paper ID: B-23
THERMAL ANALYSIS AND MICROSTRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION

OF MG-AL-ZN SYSTEM ALLOYS
Mariusz Krl, Tomasz Taski & Wojciech Sitek
Biomaterials, Konarskiego 18a street, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
Corresponding author: Mariusz Krl, mariusz.krol@polsl.pl
Magnesium alloys present a promising alternative to aluminium alloys in lightweight

applications. Mg alloys are commonly used for the manufacturing of cast engines and transmission
housings. However, the magnesium alloys in comparison with aluminium alloys have worse casting
properties. Castability is influenced significantly by the dendrite coherency point (DCP), which
represents the temperature, time, and solid fraction at which an interlocking solid network forms
during solidification. The dendrite coherency point temperature refers to the state of a solidifying alloy
at which a coherent dendrite network is established during the formation of grains. An increase in the
solid fraction at coherency may improve the casting properties of the alloy and reduce casting defects.
The effects of Zn content and cooling rate on the characteristic parameters of the evaluation of
magnesium dendrites in Mg-Al alloys during solidification at different cooling rates (0.6investigated by thermal-derivative analysis (TDA). Dendrite coherency point (DCP) is defined with a
new approach based on second derivative cooling curve. Solidification behaviour was assessed via one
thermocouple thermal analysis method. Microstructural evaluations were characterized by optical
microscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray
spectroscopy. This research revealed that utilization of d2T/dt2 versus the time curve methodology
allows for analysis of the dendrite coherency point. The results indicate that the grain size increases
with the temperature interval between liquidus and dendrite coherency point, the solid fraction at DCP
expressed in percent strongly dependents on the dendrite morphology during solidification. Additions
of Zn resulted in an increase in fraction solid in DCP and decrease in nucleation temperature and
solidus temperature. Moreover increasing the cooling rate resulted in an increase in the Mg nucleation
temperature, undercooling temperature and solidification range. These phenomena lead to an increased
number of nucleuses that affect the size of the grains. Knowing the microstructure in the thermal
analysis sample, it is possible to have an idea of the microstructure that can be expected in real part
according to its thermal behave and to the mould type. The information from this approach is very
crucial for suppressing mould-metal reaction especially during cooling in casting of magnesium allies
by investment casting process.
Abstract:
Key words: magnesium alloy, solidification, thermal analysis, dendrite coherency point, second derivative curve.
106

Paper ID: B-24
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF FENICRWMN AND FENICRMNAL-A NEW

HIGH ENTROPY ALLOYS
Gheorghe Buluc, Iulia Florea & Ioan Carcea
Corresponding author: Gheorghe Buluc, gheo_u@yahoo.com
Abstract: The
term of high entropy alloys started from the analysis of multi alloys, which were produced
at an experimental level since 1995by developing the a new concept related to the development of
metallic materials. Recent developments in the field of high-entropy alloys have revealed that they
have versatile properties like: ductility, toughness, hardness and corrosion resistance. Up until now, it
has been demonstrated that the explored this alloys are feasible to be synthesized, processed, and
analyzed contrary to the misconceptions based on traditional experiences. Moreover, there are many
opportunities in this field for academic studies and industrial applications. As the combinations of
composition and process for producing HEAs are numerous and each HEA has its own microstructure
and properties to be identified and understood, the research work is truly limitless.
The novelty of these alloys consists of chimical composition. These alloys have been named high
entropy alloys due to the atomic scale mixing entropies higher than traditional alloys. In this paper I
present the mechanical properties of high entropy alloys FeNiCrWMn and FeNiCrMnAl.
Keywords: high entropy alloys, DMA, EDAX, hardness.
107

Paper ID: B-25
THE ULTRASOUNDS MECANICAL EFFECTS USED IN ASSISTED

EXTRACTION PROCESS APPLIED ON WOODEN WASTE MATERIALS
Irina Volf1, Adina Talmaciu1, Constantin Carausu2 & Valentin I. Popa1
1
Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection,
71A Blvd. D. Mangeron, 700050, Iasi, Romania
2
59A Blvd. D. Mangeron, 700050, Iasi, Romania
Corresponding author: Irina Volf, iwolf@ch.tuiasi.ro
Abstract: Nowadays
there is a growing consensus that the sustainable development will only be realised
through a transition towards a biobased economy. The challenge will be to develop innovative
methods for the efficient use of renewable resources such as biomass. The application of renewables
based on biomass, the development of clean production and smart materials may provide the required
solution pathways.
The paper describe how the mechanical effect of ultrasounds can be used succesfuly in an assisted
extraction process applied on waste materials with the final goal of bio based products recovery.
Ultrasonic assisted extraction (UAE) has been applied to obtain valuable compounds such as
polyphenols from a variety of vegetal materials matrices. The phenomenon which underlies the use of
ultrasound in the extraction of active ingredients from plants is cavitation and its consequent thermal
and mechanical effects. In particular, ultrasound-assisted extraction was shown to allow a significant
decrease of extraction time, economizing power consumption, low energy requirement and low water
consumption (no reflux are needed) as well as an important increase of the extraction yields.
Bark, together other wood wastes are low-value by-products in the forest industry. They are available
in large volumes and are practically unrecicling and unreused. However, tree bark is a rich source of
secondary metabolites and contains several compounds of potential biological and commercial interest.
The challenge is the high-yield, green and energy-efficient extraction of these compounds.
In this perspective, the phenolic compounds from spruce wood bark are extracted using UAE. The
paper presents a straight-forward experimental planning method, allowing the optimisation of the
process. The effect of ethanol concentration, temperature and extraction time were evaluated trough a
322 experimental planning. The efficiency of the extraction process was appreciated based on factorial
ANOVA results and the optimum conditions, which lead to the obtaining the largest amount of
polyphenols (expressed as gallic acid equivalents GAE) per gram of spruce wood bark, were
established.. Under optimal conditions, using the local max function from the MathCAD program, the
model predicted a maximum yield of Cmax = 83.23 mg GAE/g spruce bark, when temperature is 54C,
for 60 min. The optimum conditions were further applied for validating the model by an empirical
approach.
These results will be further developed with the characterization of extracts from the composition of
polyphenols point of view and with the reuse of the extracted wooden material like backfilling material
in composite structures.
Key words: wooden materials, ultrasound assisted extraction, optimum conditions, ANOVA.
108

Paper ID: B-26
THE GROWTH MECHANISM AND MORPHOLOGY OF KNN BASED LEAD

FREE PIEZOELECTRIC CERAMIC PARTICLES DURING
HYDROTHERMAL REACTION
Jae-Ho Jeon & Hyun Ae Cha
Nano-Functional Materials Lab., Korea Institute of Materials Science,
Changwondaero 797, Changwon, 642-831, Korea
Corresponding author: Jae-Ho Jeon, jjh@kims.re.kr
The growth mechanism of (K, Na) NbO3 (KNN) crystals during a hydrothermal reaction was
systematically studied by investigating the effect of KOH:NaOH molar ratio of the starting alkaline
solution, reaction time, and reaction temperature on the phase, chemical composition, and particle
morphology of KNN powders. As the starting KOH:NaOH molar ratio was changed from 8.0:2.0 to
7.0:3.0, the phase of KNN particles synthesized by the hydrothermal reaction at 220C for 24 h was
changed from K-rich KNN single phase to Na-rich KNN single phase, via two-phase mixtures
consisting of both phases. The two-phase mixed KNN powders were transformed into single-phase
KNN by post heat-treatment. Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) analysis revealed that KNN powders
with an average K: Na ratio of 1:1 could be synthesized when the KOH: NaOH molar ratio was around
7.35:2.65. In the cases of the starting KOH: NaOH molar ratio of between 7.0:3.0 and 7.6:2.4, K-rich
KNN crystals firstly nucleated and grew during the hydrothermal reaction at 220C. As the reaction
time increased, K-rich KNN particles became unstable and started to dissolve, and simultaneously the
stable Na-rich KNN particles started to precipitate. The morphology of KNN crystals was found to be
dependent on the progress of the dissolution-precipitation process. This study firstly suggests the
growth mechanism of KNN particles during the hydrothermal reaction and demonstrates that the
stoichiometry and particle morphology of KNN particles can be controlled by changing the
experimental parameters of the hydrothermal reaction.
Abstract:
Key words: piezoelectric ceramics, lead-free, KNN, hydrothermal synthesis.
109

Paper ID: B-27
DEPOSITION OF THIN LAYERS WITH W ELECTRODE THROUGH THE

METHOD OF ELECTRO-SPARK DEPOSITION ON AUSTENITIC
STAINLESS STEEL
Ctlin-Andrei ugui1, Petric Vizureanu1, Manuela Cristina Perju1, Carmen Nejneru1
& Mihai Axinte2
1
Gheorghe Asachi Technical University Iasi, Department Technologies and Equipments for Materials,
Blvd. Mangeron, No. 51, 700050, Iai, Romnia
2
Gheorghe Asachi Technical University Iasi, Department of Material Science,
Blvd. Mangeron, No. 41 A, 700050, Iasi, Romania
Corresponding author: Catalin-Andrei ugui, tzugui.andrei@yahoo.com
Improving mechanical properties, physical and chemical properties of metallic materials can
be achieved with the help of heat treatment and thermochemical, also with deposition of thin layers of
special materials. Thin film deposition can be achieved in several ways, such as: vibrating electric arc,
magnetron and laser. For this paper, we have chosen to achieve vibrator electric arc deposition on a
stainless steel alloy used in low speed electric hydro turbines. This stainless steel is subjected to a very
rapid degradation due to the mechanical, physical and chemical wear that may occur. This degradation
is caused by hydroabrasive particles, such as sand, by the hydroabrasive wear and the corrosion
phenomenon. In addition to the previously mentioned phenomena another very important phenomenon
appears, namely cavitation. In this paper, we achieved deposition of tungsten and titanium by electric
vibrating arc method on Cr-Ni austenitic stainless steel used to manufacture turbine blades. After
testing were obtained very good results for corrosive wear and hardness.
In recent years, there had been a development, improvement and expansion of modern techniques of
deposition by physical and physicochemical methods, which ensures purity and high adhesion through
a wide variety of processes for the production of coatings. But these very modern technologies have
some disadvantages such as high cost of equipment and the cost of producing these layers. Vibrating
electric arc deposition method is not very expensive, but it has some drawbacks such as higher
roughness and the time of deposition. By this method, vibrating electric arc, other equipment or
assemblies can be hardened: mud pumps rotors, desalination pump blades and some parts of diesel
engines (piston rings).
Abstract:
Keywords: deposition method, thin layers, base material/substrate, installation, SEM.
110

Paper ID: B-28
NEW APPROACH FOR POROUS MATERIALS OBTAINING USING

CENTRIFUGAL CASTING
Mihai Axinte & Oana Bltescu
Technical University Gheorghe Asachi of Iasi-Romania, Department of Materials Science and Engineering,
Blvd. Mangeron, No. 59A, 700050, Iai, Romania
Corresponding author: Oana Btescu, oana84rou@yahoo.com
In this paper we present different methods for obtaining porous materials, (mainly used for
metallic foams) and highlighting a new technology developed in the Faculty of Materials science and
engineering, of Iasi. The known methods in literature since now are the following:
1. Bubbling gas through molten alloys. 2. By stirring a foaming agent into a molten alloy and
controlling the pressure while cooling. 3. Consolidation of a metal powder with a particulate foaming
agent followed by heating into the mushy state when the foaming agent releases hydrogen, expanding
the material. 4. Manufacture of a ceramic mold from a wax or polymer-foam precursor, followed by
burning-out of the precursor and pressure infiltration with a molten metal or metal powder slurry
which is then sintered. 5. Vapor phase deposition or electrodeposition of metal onto a polymer foam
precursor which is subsequently burned out, leaving cell edges with hollow cores. 6. The trapping of
high-pressure inert gas in pores by powder hot isostatic pressing (HIPing), followed by the expansion
of the gas at elevated temperature. 7. Sintering of hollow spheres, made by a modified atomization
process, or from metal-oxide or hydride spheres followed by reduction or dehydridation, or by vapordeposition of metal onto polymer spheres. 8. Co-pressing of a metal powder with a leachable powder,
or pressure infiltration of a bed of leachable particles by a liquid metal, followed by leaching to leave a
metal-foam skeleton. 9. Dissolution of gas (typically, hydrogen) in a liquid metal under pressure,
allowing it to be released in a controlled way during subsequent solidification.
Our technology for obtaining porous materials is called centrifugal casting for porous materials. This
technology is included in the method number 8: co-pressing of a metal powder with a leachable
powder and is in the same time a newer approach in the porous materials field.
This technology is currently in the developmental phase. Since now we made experiments on the
metallic materials, aluminum alloys. The technology is briefly described in this paper. Our obtained
parts were used for making samples in order to characterize the properties of the materials. The
cellular structure of metallic foams requires special precautions that must be taken in characterization
and testing. In this paper we have characterized the samples structurally by its cell topology (open
cells, closed cells), relative density, cell size and cell shape and anisotropy. Also we used Scanning
electron microscopy (SEM) which is straight forward; the only necessary precaution is that relating to
surface preparation.
Abstract:
Keywords: centrifugal casting, porous materials, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), relative density, cell size, cell
shape.
111

Abstracts-Section C
Characterization, Modeling and Simulation of Mechanical Processes: Mechanical, Structural,
Physical and Geometrical Characterization; Probabilistic Modeling and Analysis
112

Paper ID: C-1
ENERGY CALCULATIONS OF DEEP LEVELS DOPING BY USING THE

GREEN'S FUNCTION METHOD
Krzysztof Jamroziak, Mariusz Kosobudzki & Krzysztof Spalinski
General Tadeusz Kosciuszko Military Academy of Land Forces,
Czajkowskiego Str. 109, 51-150 Wroclaw, Poland
Corresponding author: Krzysztof Jamroziak, krzysztof.jamroziak@wso.wroc.pl
Abstract: About
the properties of the material determines its structure at the nano level, so any change in
the molecular structure of the material changes its properties. Knowing the molecular structure of the
material, we can determine the energy levels and band structure of the material. Aim of this study is to
determine the energy levels, resulting from the appearance of the defect (substitutional impurities) in
the structure of the material. Green's function formalism used refers only to point defects, which the
wave function is strongly localized around the defect. In the study, the friend and first chapter for the
band structure of the example, using the tight-binding method. The second and third chapter is devoted
to the energy density of states and the spectral density of states. In the last part of the article presents
the Green's function formalism taking into account the disturbance, which is located locally. Using the
above methods were carried out numerical calculations band defining the table structure, the energy
density of states, spectra of the density of states and the newly created energy levels as a result of the
emergence of the dopant atoms point different molecular structure of the material. These calculations
make sense if the dopant does not cause significant distortion of the molecular structure of the
material, so that the numerical calculation performed on only the elements which do not lattice
constant differs too much from the solid replaced atom in the molecular structure. The work was
performed for the valence orbitals of atoms S and P.
Keywords: nanostructure, energy lvlels, material proterties, band structure, Green's function.
113

Paper ID: C-2
ANALYSIS OF DEGENERATE SYSTEMS WITH STATIONARY RANDOM

EXCITATIONS
Miroslaw Bocian1, Krzysztof Jamroziak 2, Mariusz Kosobudzki1 & Maciej Kulisiewicz 1
1
Department of Mechanics, Materials Science and Engineering, Wroclaw University of Technology,

Smoluchowskiego Str. 25, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
2
General Tadeusz Kosciuszko Military Academy of Land Forces,
Czajkowskiego Str. 109, 51-150 Wroclaw, Poland
Corresponding author: Miroslaw Bocian, miroslaw.bocian@pwr.edu.pl
The paper presents a method of identification the two-and-half-degree-of-freedom system

(Fig.) with a separated element containing a degenerate subsystem. Using methods of energy and
power balance the identification of nonlinear dynamic systems with a non-integer number of degrees
of freedom for fixed pulse excitations was conducted. Such approach allows to separate equations and
to simplify the process of identification. The equations were derived for any differentiable function of
elasticity. The calculation of an appropriate fields of hysteresis loop of signals was conducted using the
procedure of determining the average value of the input and output signals. The stationary process of
the system response was assumed in the whole algorithm.
Abstract:
x1+x2
m1
p1
x1
F1
c0
k1
x2
m2
p2
x2
c2
k2
Fig. Diagram and data of system subjected to testing

In the present paper it is assumed that the elastodamping interaction of an element in a complex
dynanical system are described by function F x , x , in which x is a deformation of the element, x
denotes velocity, and F is the interaction force, where x is relative displacement mass m1 and m2 as
a bassis for generalized coordinates.
Keywords: modeling and analysis, nonlinear dynamics, matematical model of multi-degree-of-freedom, degenerate
systems, stationary random excitation.
114

Paper ID: C-3
USING GPS GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEMS GNSS IN AGRICULTURE

AND GIS
Gabriel Badescu, Rodica Badescu, Ovidiu Stefan & Marcel Dirja
University of Cluj, Baia Mare
Corresponding author: Gabriel Badescu, gabrielbadescu@yahoo.com
The use of GNSS-RTK technology in agriculture and GIS is useful and it solves the problem
of geospatial determination in a short time, with beneficial effects for intervention in agriculture, and
as primary data for the development of an information system in agriculture and other fields.
APIA is a program that covers financial aid that is granted to farmers and landowners, and in this
context the land areas of each owner must be determined. This is possible through terrestrial
measurements using GNSS RTK technology, in a very short time and with great precision.
GNSS-RTK uses ROMPOS reference stations and measurements are performed through a real-time
positioning system, with immediate benefits in terms of determining the spatial position of parcels or
primary data in general, which are needed by any GIS, the quality of which is great.
This paper presents the use of GNSS RTK technology, its undeniable advantages over other
techniques, and certain aspects of this technology.
Abstract:
Keywords: GPS, base station network, GIS for agriculture, GNSS RTK accuracy.
Paper ID: C-4
REACTIVE POWER CONTROL IN THE PRESENCE OF SYNCHRONOUS

COMPENSATOR
Violeta Ciucur & Marian Dordescu
Constanta Maritime University, Deptament of Electrical Engineering, Constanta, Romania
Corresponding author: Ciucur Violeta, violetaciucur_umc@yahoo.com

Abstract: A voltage
control has as aims maintaining in a narrow band a voltages from nodes of power
system and applies to slow voltage variations. A voltage control results in minimizing the reactive
power circulation and reducing power losses in electric networks. Depending on the excitation current
value variation of reactive power debited by the synchronous compensator may be increasing leading
to decrease the load of electric networks and the return of voltages. The effect of positive adjustment
around the nominal voltage values is determined on the absorbed power curve in the over-excited area.
To determine the power synchronous compensator may adopt a technical criterion for bringing voltage
in compensation node at values imposed.
115

Paper ID: C-5
COMPENSATION OF GNSS NETWORKS USED IN GEOSCIENCES, IN

GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND IN PROJECT
MANAGEMENT
Gabriel Badescu & Rodica Badescu
University of Cluj, Baia Mare
Corresponding author: Gabriel Badescu, gabrielbadescu@yahoo.com
A GNSS determined network of geodetic control is the basis for Geographic Information
Systems (GIS) as well as continuous and consistent mapping studies, but it is also used for project
management. In order to understand the function of geodetic control, we must realize that a cadastre
map or plan is a flat representation of the curved world, if the surfaces are laid down. If we want the
maps to be an authentic representation of the real world they should be able to link small pieces (flat)
of map content for a real representation, which is curved.
Traditionally, geodetic control points are established as permanent physical terminals placed in the
ground and marked accurately, located in accessible areas and with a description to them. Locating
spatial characteristics of geodetic control allows the assessment of accuracy according to these
characteristics. Interest and control activity on geodesy has increased dramatically at all levels of
government because of the need for accurate maps and data that are used in geographic and terrestrial
information systems.
With the advent of the Global Positioning System (GPS), the geodetic control network, preferably,
should be based on ROMPOS (Romanian service for position determination using reference stations).
ROMPOS stations can provide an active network of geodetic control, allowing GPS (GNSS) users to
link their positioning observations of the geodetic network without having to physically occupy a
geodetic control point.
GPS (Global Positioning System) devices can be used in many applications that require precise point
positioning in Geosciences, GIS, or for making decisions in project management. Complex and very
precise geodetic networks may require expert analysis in order to achieve full accuracy and precision
of geodetic observations used to create them. GNSS accuracy decreases due to extreme values
resulting from errors inherent in GNSS observations. Abnormal errors should be detected and
eliminated from the pre-processing of the data so that they do not affect the rest of the observations
made. Several approaches have been developed in order to detect such abnormalities in geodetic
observations, using GNSS technology. It is also important to determine which method is more
effective at distinguishing extreme values of normal observations in the calculation and compensation
of networks determined using GNSS technology.
Abstract:
Keywords: GNSS, ROMPOS, GIS, GEODETIC NETWORKS, project management.
116

Paper ID: C-6
COMPUTER-AIDED STRENGTH ANALYSIS OF THE MODERNIZED

FREIGHT WAGON
Marek Paczek, Andrzej Wrbel & Andrzej Baier
Corresponding author: Marek Paczek, marek.placzek@polsl.pl
Rail transport is a very important part of the modern economy, one of the components
determining its dynamic development. Nowadays, numerous studies are conducted, aimed at
introducing new technologies and solutions in railway infrastructure, logistics management systems, as
well as in the traction vehicles. Introduction of modern technology can eliminate or reduce nuisance
problems associated with the implementation of any kind of transport or the operation of the technical
means used. This paper contains a report on the part of the research conducted in the research and
development project entitled "Analytical and experimental studies and determination of the structural
features of components and assemblies in innovative structure of repaired wagons". This project is
being implemented under the Programme for Applied Research by Institute of Engineering Processes
Automation and Integrated Manufacturing Systems of Silesian University of Technology with
consortium partners: DB Schenker Company and Germaz Company. The main objective of the project
is to develop technologies to modernize freight wagons for the transport of coal and aggregates,
through the use of innovative materials and technologies to repair this type of wagons during periodic
repairs. Works which have been undertaken within the project are to improve the operating conditions
considered types of wagons by increasing their resistance to corrosion and freezes the freight to the
shell of the wagon body in winter, and thus an easier unloading. An additional objective is also to
retrofit verification of strength coaches, as well as to estimate the possibility of reducing their weight,
while maintaining or increasing the permissible load.
In the paper results of computer-aided strength analysis based on Finite Element Method are presented.
CAD model of the considered freight wagon was created and its strength was analysed in agreement
with norms described the way of such kind of freight wagons testing. Then, the model of the analyzed
freight wagon was modernized by adding composite panels covering the inner surface of the vehicle
body. Strength analysis was carried out once again and obtained results were juxtaposed. This work
was carried out in order to verify the influence of composite panels on the strength of the freight car
body and to estimate the possibility of reducing the steel shell thickness of the box in order to reduce
weight of the freight wagon.
Abstract:
Key words: FEM method, freight wagon, modelling, strength analysis, composite materials.
117

Paper ID: C-7
DETERMINATION OF FLEXIBILITY MODULE OF INDUSTRIAL

VIBRATION LEVEL SENSOR
Andrzej Wrbel, Marek Paczek & Andrzej Baier
Institute of Engineering Processes Automation and Integrated Manufacturing Systems Faculty of Mechanical Engineering,
Silesian University of Technology, Konarskiego 18a Street, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
Piezoelectricity has found a lot of applications since it were discovered in 1880 by Pierre and
Jacques Curie. There are many applications of the direct piezoelectric effect - the production of an
electric potential when stress is applied to the piezoelectric material, as well as the reverse
piezoelectric effect - the production of strain when an electric field is applied. This work presents a
mathematical model of a new model of vibration sensor.
The principle of operation of currently used sensors is based on the idea: changes in thickness of the
piezoelectric plates cause the vibration of the mechanical element, so-called "fork". If the "forks" are
not buried by the material deformation of the full tiles broadcasting is transmitted to receiver
piezoelectric plate. As a result of vibration of receiver plates the cladding is formed on the potential
difference proportional to the force. The value of this voltage is processed by an electronic circuit. In
the case of backfilling "forks" the electric signal is lower. At the same time is not generated the
potential for cladding tiles. Such construction have a lot of drawbacks, for example: need to use
several piezoelectric plates, with the increase in number of components is increased failure of sensors,
sensors have now produced two forks resonance, using these sensors in moist materials is often the
case that the material remains between the forks and at the same time causes a measurement error.
Mentioned disadvantages do not appear in the new proposed sensor design.
The Galerkin method of the analysis of considered systems will be presented started from development
of the mathematical model, to determine the graphs of flexibility and confirm two methods: exact and
approximate. Analyzed beam is a part of the vibration level sensor and the results will be used to
identify the electrical parameters of the generator. Designing of technical systems containing
piezoelectric transducers is a complex process, due to the phenomena occurring in them. A correct
description of the given device in the form of a mathematical model, already in its design phase, is a
fundamental condition for its proper functioning.
Abstract:
Key words: piezoelectric, analysis, smart materials, modelling, vibrating level sensor.
118

Paper ID: C-8
THE ANALYSIS OF THE VIBRATORY MOVEMENT OF THE GUN BARREL

AND ITS INFLUENCE ON THE FIRING ACCURACY
Alin-Constantin Sava1, Ioan-Liviu Piticari1, Dumitru Nedelcu2, Diana Nistoran1 & Ioan Vedina1
1
Military Technical Academy, Faculty of Mechatronics and Integrated Armament Systems, Department of Armament
Systems Engineering and Mechatronics, 39-49 George Cobuc Avenue, 050141, Bucharest, Romania
2
Corresponding author: Alin-Constantin Sava, asava@mta.ro
Abstract: The
paper presents a study of the influence of the perturbations of the dynamic parameters of a
bullet at the muzzle of rifle, mainly an automatic one, on the trajectory of the bullet and finally on the
precision of firing through the vertical dispersion at the target.
It is known that the vibration of the barrel of a weapon during the firing process and the dynamic
couple generated by the recoil forces, both cause a jump of the barrel, measured by the angle made by
the axis of the barrel at the bullet exit time and the axis of the steady barrel before shooting. This
vibratory movement of the barrel generates at the muzzle dynamic parameters of the bullet: a specific
orientation of the bullet, a vertical velocity and also a vertical acceleration. The paper analyses the
influence made by two dynamic factors on the firing precision, the exit or jump angle and the vertical
acceleration, only for semiautomatic firing, meaning for singular shots. Nonetheless it draws some
conclusions for the automatic firing also, by taking into consideration the influence of the remaining
undamped vibration over the next bullet.
For this purpose, we have used both FEM and experimental measurements of the two subject
parameters.
The finite elements model of the rifle was mainly focused on the details of the barrel and the bullet, as
their dynamic is the studied phenomenon here. We have used a dedicated software, taking into
consideration, as the main force, the variable pressure of hot gases resulted from the burning of the
propellant in the cartridge case.
The experimental measurements focus on two directions. The first one is the measurement of the jump
angle, which is done by optical methods, mainly by the use of a high frame rate camera and dedicated
software. The second one is the measurement of the vertical acceleration of the barrel at the muzzle at
the bullet exit time. This was done by using an accelerometer connected at a measuring device and
dedicated software.
By better understanding the influence made by the jump angle and the vertical acceleration of the
bullet at the muzzle, we can initiate some measures in order to have a better grouping at the target.
This can be done through dynamic vibration absorbers and auxiliary mass dumpers both for an existing
automatic weapon and mainly for a rifle in the stage of design.
Key words: vibratory movement, firing accuracy, finite elements model, dynamic parameters of the bullet, dynamic
vibration absorbers.
119

Paper ID: C-9
APPLICATION OF CAD/CAE CLASS SYSTEMS TO AERODYNAMIC

ANALYSIS OF ELECTRIC RACE CARS
ukasz Grabowski, Andrzej Baier, Micha Majzner & Micha Sobek
Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Engineering
Processes Automation And Integrated Manufacturing Systems
Corresponding author: ukasz Grabowski, lukasz.grabowski@polsl.pl
Abstract: Aerodynamics
is one of the most important factor which influence on every aspect of a design
of a car and car driving parameters. The biggest influence aerodynamics has on design of a shape of a
race car body, especially when the main objective of the race is the longest distance driven in period of
time, which can not be achieved without low energy consumption and low drag resistance of a car. The
biggest challenge for the constructor is the design of shape of the vehicle body that must generate the
lowest possible drag force, without compromising the other parameters of the drive. In the article
entitled Application of CAD/CAE class systems to aerodynamic analysis of electric race cars are
being presented problems solved by computer analysis of cars aerodynamics and free form modelling.
Analyses have been subjected to existing bolides shapes of a Silesian Greenpower Race Team as well
as prototype structures. There also were analyzed models of basic shapes, which were used to create a
proper model of conducting the analysis. Next target of research was checking existence of
aerodynamic effects for increasing efficiency of the airflow around the vehicles. Analysis results in the
values of coefficients and dynamic resistance forces. The resulting drag forces Fx, drag coefficients Cx
(Cd) and aerodynamic factors Cx*A allowed to compare all of the shapes to each other. Pressure
distribution, air speeds and streams courses were useful in determining aerodynamic features of every
of analysed shape. Analysis of existing shapes showed which parts of bodies are aerodynamically
efficient and which are not. During the research of the existence of Kammback effect, there were
compared shapes aerodynamically perfect with modified solids in a Kammback shaped profile way.
For aerodynamic tests was used Ansys Fluent CFD software. In a paper the ways of surface modeling
with usage of Realize Shape module and classic surface modeling were presented. For shapes
modeling Siemens NX 9.0 software was used. Obtained results were used to estimation of existing
shapes and to make appropriate conclusions. On the basis of them, there were created models of
aerodynamically effective vehicles.
Keywords: aerodynamics, CAx, FEM, CFD, Electric car, kammback, race car, greenpower, realize shape, freeform
modelling.
120

Paper ID: C-10
CARBON FIBER BASED COMPOSITES STRESS ANALYSIS.

EXPERIMENTAL AND COMPUTER COMPARATIVE STUDIES
Micha Sobek, Andrzej Baier, ukasz Grabowski & Micha Majzner
Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Engineering
Corresponding author: Micha Sobek, michal.sobek@polsl.pl
Composite materials used nowadays for the production of composites are the result of
advanced research. This allows to assume that they are among the most elaborate tech products of our
century. That fact is evidenced by the widespread use of them in the most demanding industries like
aerospace and space industry. But the heterogeneous materials and their advantages have been known
to mankind in ancient times and the they have been used by nature for millions of years. Among the
fibers used in the industry most commonly used are nylon, polyester, polypropylene, boron, metal,
glass, carbon and aramid. Thanks to their physical properties last three fiber types deserve special
attention. High strength to weight ratio allow the use of many industrial solutions. Composites based
on carbon and glass fibers are widely used in the automotive. Aramid fibers ideal for the fashion
industry where the fabric made from the fibers used to produce the protective clothing.
In the paper "Carbon fiber based composite stress analysis. Laboratory and simulation comparative
studies issues of stress analysis of composite materials has been presented.
The components of composite materials and principles of composition have been discussed. Particular
attention was paid to the epoxy resins and the fabrics made from carbon fibers. The article also
includes basic information about strain measurements performed on with a resistance strain gauge
method. For the purpose of the laboratory tests a series of carbon - epoxy composite samples were
made. For this purpose plain carbon textile was used with a weight of 200 g/mm 2 and epoxy resin
LG730. During laboratory strain tests described in the paper Tenmex's delta type strain gauge rosettes
were used. They were arranged in specific locations on the surface of the samples. Data acquisition
preceded using HBM measurement equipment, which included measuring amplifier and measuring
head. Data acquisition was performed using the Easy Catman. In order to verify the results of
laboratory tests numerical studies were carried out in a computing environment, Siemens PLM NX
9.0.
For this purpose, samples were modeled composite corresponding to real samples. Tests were made for
boundary conditions compatible with the laboratory tests boundary conditions.
Abstract:
Keyword: composites, CAE, carbon fiber, epoxy resin, strain gauge, Delta type rossete.
121

Paper ID: C-11
CONSIDERATIONS REGARDING THE STRESS RELIEVING

IN A SPECIAL PRODUCT
Tiberiu Axinte & Gabriel Vladu
104 MirceacelBatran, 900663, Constanta, Romania
Corresponding author: Tiberiu Axinte, tibi_axinte@yahoo.com
The special product has a steel bearing structure located inside the shoulders and it is fitted
with a steel cylinder loaded by an internal pressure pi. The value of the maximum internal pressure is
high, at limit being equal to the allowable stress (a = pi), where pi = 3000 MPa. The uniform stresses
decrease if there is an external pressure applied on the cylinder. Therefore, it must be produced
external pressure in order to reduce the stress tmax, in other words to achieve a relieving operation.
The external diameter of the internal tube is larger than the internal diameter of the external tube. In
the normal temperature conditions these two cylinders cannot be assembled. After it is heated up,
expanded cylinder is mounted on the internal cylinder and after the quenching, on the contact surface it
appears a relieving pressure p.We are interested in computing the parameters of this technological
procedure, for the classic way of relieving, namely by heating up the external cylinder. After
processing by cutting, radius R2 of the internal tube is greater than = 0.05 mm radius R2 of the
external tube. After cooling, the two tubes have a common radius R2, which will have an average value
between the values they had before the assembling process. This is why the external tube has to suffer
a thermal expansion, the internal tube suffering a compression, so that the two displacements summed,
measured perpendicular to the contact surface, have a value of = 0.05 mm.After the relieving
operation, on the contact surface between the two tubes willbe produces a contact pressure, p. In the
paper we study the effect of the relieving pressure p, ontothe stresses if there would be not relieving
and the variation of stresses considering relieving of both the internal tube and the external tube.The
highest values of the stresses are those on the internal face of the bearing. If calculations are in
accordance with the thirdfailure theory it results that the maximum tangential stresses are the highest
values.The values of normal and shearstress influence the phenomenon of relieving in the bearing
because high internal pressures inside the bearing may break the internal tube leading to collapse of the
structure.
Abstract:
Keywords: bearing, cylinder, stressrelieving, dimension, pressure
122

Paper ID: C-12
TORSIONAL STRESS ANALYSIS OF THE SQUIRREL-CAGE ROTOR FOR

THREE PHASE ASYNCHRONOUS MOTORS
Tiberiu Axinte & Catalin Nutu
104 MirceacelBatran Street, 900663, Constanta, Romania
Corresponding author: Tiberiu Axinte, tibi_axinte@yahoo.com
The paper aims to determine the torsional stress occurring in the squirrel-cage rotors shaft of
the three phase asynchronous motors, for the main starting variants of the three phase asynchronous
motor, which are: direct on-line start variant (DOL), the start variant using a star-delta connection
which is the most well-known and used starting variant, the starting variant using a soft starter which is
a modern, electronic alternative to star-delta starting variant for continuous and stepless motor start,
and finally, the most expensive and also most advantageous starting method which is the starting
variant using the frequency inverter, having the advantages that it enables a controlled, stepless motor
start with rated load-torque.Each of the aforementioned starting methods has a certain torque
characteristic and a certain relative starting torque determining a different torsional stress for each
starting variant. The model used for the calculations and determinations in this article uses more
assumptions. Thus, it is assumed that the rotors shaft has a cylindrical form, having a certain diameter
(D), a certain moment of inertia (J) and it rotates, after starting with the rotational speed (n). It is also
assumed that the motor starts to rotate instantaneously with the angular speed , determined by the
rotation speed of the rotor (n). Using this assumption, it means that the motor starts to rotate
immediately, in this very short time being assumed that no heating due to the friction is produced, the
entire transmitted kinetic energy being transmitted to the rotors shaft and transformed in deformation
energy of the rotors shaft.In order to determine the torsional stress, the unit torsional stress
corresponding to the shock must be determined.In this work the maximal tangential stress being
produced in the shaft can be calculated using two hypotheses. The first hypothesis takes into account
the mass of the shaft and in the second hypothesis the mass of the shaft is disregarded.We are
interested in the analysis of the maximal tangential stresses occurring by shock torsion, because these
tangential stresses are negatively influencing the operation of the asynchronous motors. Because of
these high stresses caused by shocks, cracks can appear, conducting to the cracking or breaking of the
shaft, causing in the end the motors failure. Moreover, if the shaft is being frequently stressed by
shock torsion, the mechanical fatigue in the interior of the shaft, causing the rotors rupture can occur.
These analysed aspects are important from an economical point of view, because, knowing the values
of the torsion stresses occurring during the shock torsion, the most adequate materials for the motors
manufacturingmay be chosenand the optimal design of the parts loaded by shear stress of the motor
can be adopted.
Abstract:
Keywords: three phase asynchronous motor, rotors shaft, rotation speed, moment of inertia, torque.
123

Paper ID: C-13
IMPROVEMENT OF THE ROLLING CONTACT FATIGUE LIFE AND

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF BEARING STEELS BY THERMOMECHANICAL TREATMENT
Radu Comaneci
Corresponding author: Radu Comaneci, amvric@yahoo.com
Contact fatigue is a surface-pitting-type failure commonly found in ball bearings due to a

Hertzian localized stress state. During a normal load, the contact geometry and the motion of the
rolling elements of a ball bearing produce an alternating subsurface shear stress that generates pits.
This is the most common defect of bearings.
A combination of plastic deformation and phase transformations in the same heat treatment cycle is an
effective method for the improvement of both mechanical properties and contact fatigue of steels. In
common conditions of the hot deformation, a high-temperature thermo-mechanical treatment (HTTMT) consisting of hot deformation of the austenite and subsequent quenching to martensite leads to
the improvement of both strength and plasticity in high-strength martensitic state. If the HT-TMT is
succeeded by a high tempering and a subsequent quenching in a heat-treatment cycle called hereditary
thermo-mechanical treatment (H-TMT), a favorable structural phase changes such as the decrease of
residual austenite amount, refinement of the martensite and modified carbide dispersion including new
dimensions and morphology are expected. It was found that the thermo-mechanical treatment applied
in different H-TMT variants on bearing steels stimulate the carbide precipitation during the high
tempering after the quenching from the deformation temperature. Thus, the carbon content in the
matrix decreases and a favorable structure for subsequent martensite transformation appears. After reaustenization, an accelerated martensite transformation occurred. Furthermore, after the final
quenching a good level of residual austenite under 5-6% was confirmed by X-ray diffraction.
Experimental wearing tests revealed an improvement of the rolling contact fatigue life of the thermomechanical treated ball bearings as result of the decreasing in residual austenite amount and structure
refinement.
Abstract:
124

Paper ID: C-14
BUILDING A SYSTEM FOR RESEARCH OF ERGONOMIC INDICATORS

AND THEIR ARRANGEMENT TO MAN-MACHINE SYSTEM CONTROLS
Ivan Gostev & Elena Sibirtseva
Department of Buisness-Informatics National Research University Higher School of Economics
Moscow, Russia
Corresponding author: Ivan Gostev, igostev@hse.ru

Abstract: The development of new human-machine systems constantly arises a need in determining the type
and location of the monitoring and control. It is clear that the time of recognition, decision-making and
response significantly depends on the type of indicators and their location relative to the observer. To solve
the optimization problem of the total time that elapses between the events of noticing and decision making
it is necessary to carry out research based on identifying the most informative placement and type of
indicators and control elements. A hardware-software system for estimating the information content of
indicators and their locations was developed to conduct such studies.
The system is based on tracking human eye pupil in infrared illumination, determining the direction of
movements and fixation points on the control panel, which attract the most attention. Indicators quality as
its self-descriptiveness and suitability of location is determined by the heat map, which demonstrates how
often gaze moved to a certain point, as well as the measured reaction times to certain stimuli presented on
the display. The degree of self-descriptiveness and accuracy of location is in direct ratio to the frequency of
fixation on the certain points of the area and inversely to the reaction time for some stimulus on this
indicator.
In order to calculate where the person looks, it is needed to have some sort of a static point on the image,
whose position is constant. It is performed to ensure that small head movements could not affect the
tracking accuracy, because after head movement the gaze directed at the same point has a different offset
vector than the previous one.
The corneal reflection is assumed as such a point and relatively to it, eye movements are tracked. However,
a great issue arises: depending on the lighting, reflections in the eye may change during tracking, and this
will lead to irrelevant tracking results. To avoid this, we use an infrared diode and camera, which filter
daylight and lets only infrared light. Eye in infrared light has a clear reflection from the infrared diode,
regardless of external lighting.
On account of the current research innovativeness, there is no foregone solution; thus variety of approaches
is combined to achieve the most accurate results. Gaze tracking is an extremely complex issue, so it is
indispensable to divide it into four steps:
1) Find eye region;
2) Find eye and reflection centers;
3) Calibrate and estimate gaze vector;
4) Calculate a heat map from gaze track.
Eye region is found using Haar Cascade for face recognition and basic human anatomy knowledge to
localize eye regions. Eye center and reflections recognition is based on gradient images processed with
weights matrix. Given the relative position between pupil and reflection, the screen actual coordinates of
the gaze are determined via a linear mapping procedure. Then to produce a heat map some post-processing
filters are applied to the estimated gaze track. On the basis of this heat maps conclusions are drawn about
the effectiveness and ergonomics of the investigated man-machine interface.
Key words: Gaze tracking, man-mashine interface, image processing and pattern recognition.
125

Paper ID: C-15
ENGINE TEST STAND OF ELECTRICAL RACE CAR

Maja Baier1, Jakub Franiasz 1, Piotr Mierzwa 2 & Dawid Wylenzek 2
1
Silesian University of Technology, Faculty Of Mechanical Engineering,

18A Konraskiego Street, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
2
Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Automatic Control, Electronics and Computer Science,
16 Akademicka Street, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
Corresponding author: Maja Baier, maja.baier@gmail.com
An engine test stand created especially for research of electrical race car is described in the
paper. The car is an aim of Silesian Greenpower project whose participants build and test electrical
vehicles to take part in international races in Great Britain.
The engine test stand is used to test and measure the characteristics of vehicles and their engines. It has
been designed particularly to test the electric cars engineered by students of Silesian Greenpower
project. The article contains a description how the test stand works and shows its versatility in many
areas. The paper presents both construction of the test stand, control system and sample results of
conducted research.
The engine test stand was designed and modified using PLM Siemens NX 8.5. The construction of the
test stand is highly modular, which means it can be used both for testing the vehicle itself or for tests
without the vehicle. The test stand has its own wheel, motor, powertrain and braking system with
second engine. Such solution enables verifying various concepts without changing the construction of
the vehicle.
The control system and measurement system are realized by enabling National Instruments product
myRIO (RIO Reconfigurable Input/Output). This controller in combination with powerful LabVIEW
environment performs as an advanced tool to control torque and speed simultaneously. It is crucial as
far as the test stand is equipped in two motors the one being tested and the braking one. The
feedback loop is realized by an optical encoder cooperating with the rotor mounted on the wheel.
Difficulties in adjusting values of speed and torque are caused by their high correlation. The proper
control system takes into account this correlation and based on experimentally determined
characteristics selects the appropriate control. In order to use the test stand conveniently there has been
a special application created in LabVIEW. The results of tests are shown live on the screen both as a
chart and as single values. After performing several tests there is a report generated.
The engine test stand is widely used during process of the Silesian Greenpower vehicle design. Its
versatility enables powertrain testing, wheels and tires tests, thermal analysis and more.
Abstract:
Key words: engine test stand, electrical race car, electric motor, control system, powertrain test.
126

Paper ID: C-16
DIGITAL DEVELOPMENT OF PRODUCTS WITH NX9 FOR ACADEMICAL

AREAS
Adrian Mihai Goanta
Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, Engineering and Agronomy Faculty of Braila,
no. 29, Calea Calarasilor Street, 810017, Braila, Romania
Corresponding author: Adrian Mihai Goanta, goanta_a_m@yahoo.com
International competitiveness, manufacturing enterprises forced to look for new ways to

accelerate the development of digital products through innovation, global alliances and strategic
partnerships. In an environment of global research and development of distributed geographically, all
members of the joint teams made up of companies and universities need to access updated and
accurate information about products created by any of the type employed, student, teacher. Current
design processes involve more complex products consisting of elements of design created by multiple
teams, disciplines and suppliers using independent CAD systems. Even when using a 3D CAD mature
technology, many companies fail to significantly reduce losses in the process, improve product quality
or product type to ensure successful innovations to market arouse interest. These challenges require a
radical rethinking of the business model, which belongs to the field of design, which must be based on
digital development of products based on integrated files. Through this work, the author has proposed
to provide both synthesis and transformations brought news of the integrated NX from Siemens PLM
Software 9, following a news results detailed documentary study, and personal results obtained by
applying the same version, the digital and integrated development of a product type device test beams.
Based on educational license received for NX 9 was made a detailed study of the innovations made by
this release, and the application of some of them went to graphical modeling and getting all the
documentation of a test device bearing beams. Also, were synthesized in terms of methodology, the
steps to take to obtain graphical documentation. The results consist of: 3D models of all parts and
assembly 3D model of the three-dimensional constraints of all component parts and not least
respectively all drawings and assembly drawing. The author also shows selective CAE results of
analyzes performed in the parts subjected to maximum stress. The most important consequence of the
paper is the obtaining of integrated files that can be subjected to further analysis type CAE / CAM /
PDM software components by the same company. Additional advantages related files by the synthesis
of integrated CAD / CAE / CAM / PDM.
Abstract:
Key words: digital development, modeling, simulation, design NX 9.
127

Paper ID: C-17
FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF MULTI-PASS EQUAL CHANNEL

ANGULAR PRESSING
Radu Comaneci
Corresponding author: Radu Comaneci, amvric@yahoo.com
In last decades, the importance of severe plastic deformation (SPD) and particularly of equal
channel angular pressing (ECAP) has been considered thanks to their spectacular mechanical
properties reached in obtained ultrafine-grained (UFG) materials.
ECAP is a well-established method for grain refinement in metallic materials by large shear. The
sample is extruded through a die containing two identical cross-sectional channels. In the extrusion
process, the billet crosses the area corresponding to the bisecting plane of the two channels being
subjected to simple shearing To become more effectiveness, the grain refinement can be increased by
rotating billet around its longitudinal axis. Four processing routes were tested: route A without
rotation, route BA and BC with alternating 90 and same sense 90 rotations respectively, and route C
with 180 rotations. ECAP is a discontinuous process, so a new sample pushes out the previous
sample. As a result, the head and the tail of the sample become strongly distorted, and they must be
removed for the next pass, leading to a smaller workpiece, pass by pass. To avoid the decreasing in
length of the workpiece, a multi-pass ECAP without removing the workpiece from the die was
investigated in the present study. It consists of using a cubic die with 5 rectangular channels, equal in
cross-sectional dimensions, and 5 corresponding punches. At a given moment, three of the channels
are blocked and only one punch is moving into the 4th channel to push the workpiece through the 5th
left empty channel. Relative position of the two channels will define a particular step of the extrusion
cycle. Successively ordered combinations of the two channels and corresponding punches develop a
complete BC cycle. The workpiece doesnt leave the die and no additional repositioning operations are
required. It was found that route BC can be conducted in four interconnected operations with better
strain homogeneity, without removing the workpiece from the die. A tridimensional finite element
analysis to predict the material behavior and accumulated strain distribution was performed. To
confirm modeling, experimental tests and hardness measurements have been carried out. The
simulations results were discussed in terms of accumulated strain using the tracking point method for a
chronological monitoring. The hardness and accumulated strain fit in qualitative terms, validating the
modeling. The results create opportunities in developing integrated systems designed to perform
different ECAP routes for any imposed number of passes.
Abstract:
128

Paper ID: C-18
ACCELERATED TESTING OF AN OPTIMIZED CLOSING SYSTEM FOR

AUTOMOTIVE FUEL TANK
Adrian Gligor1, Sorin Ilie2, Viorel Nicolae2 & Gabriela Mitran2
1
Kautex Textron, Stephenson Highway, No. 750, Troy, Michigan, USA

University of Pitesti, Faculty of Mechanics and Technology, Automotive and Transport Department,
Tg. din Vale, No. 1, 110040, Pitesti, Romania
Corresponding author: Sorin Ilie, sorin.ilie@upit.ro
Taking into account the legal prescriptions which are in force and the new regulatory
requirements that will be mandatory to implement in the near future regarding testing characteristics of
automotive fuel tanks, resulted the necessity to develop a new testing methodology which allows to
estimate the behaviour of the closing system of automotive fuel tank over a long period of time (10-15
years). Thus, were designed and conducted accelerated tests under extreme assembling and testing
conditions (high values for initial tightening torques, extreme values of temperature and pressure). In
this paper are presented two of durability tests which were performed on an optimized closing system
of fuel tank: (i) the test of exposure to temperature with cyclical variation and (ii) the test of
continuous exposure to elevated temperature. In these experimental tests have been used main
components of the closing system manufactured of two materials variants, both based on the
polyoxymethylene, material that provides higher mechanical stiffness and strength in a wide
temperature range, as well as showing increased resistance to the action of chemical agents and fuels.
The tested sample included a total of 16 optimized locking systems, 8 of each of 2 versions of material.
Over deploying the experiments were determined various parameters such as: the initial tightening
torque, the tightening torque at different time points during measurements, the residual tightening
torque, defects occurred in the system components (fissures, cracks, ruptures), the sealing conditions
of system at the beginning and at the end of test. Based on obtained data were plotted the time
evolution diagrams of considered parameter (the residual tightening torque of the system consisting of
locking nut and threaded ring), in different temperature conditions, becoming possible to make
pertinent assessments on the choice between the two types of materials. By conducting these tests and
interpreting the obtained results, it can be created a clear picture of the capacity of closing system of
fuel tank to fulfil the functional requirements following the exposure to values of testing parameters
significantly above the values that may appear throughout the entire service life of the vehicle. The
proposed accelerated testing method shows the main advantage of simulation in a limited time all the
situations which may be encountered in a much longer period of time, namely the service life of the
vehicle.
Abstract:
Key words: accelerated tests, testing methodology, automotive fuel tank, closing system, residual tightening torque, service
life.
129

Paper ID: C-19
A STUDY OF FLUID FLOW SIMULATION IN CONVERGENTDIVERGENT

NOZZLES
Ionel Olaru
Vasile Alecsandri University of Bacau, Calea Marasesti 157, Bacau, Romania
Corresponding author: Ionel Olaru, ionelo@ub.ro
In industrial applications coolants are used for different working situations. The cooling fluid
is sent in the area to be cooled in particular by means of nozzles. A nozzle is generally a device that
increases the velocity of a fluid flow at the expense of this pressure, the flow of fluid through nozzles
may be regarded as adiabatic expansion. The nozzles have a special geometry to send a small amount
of liquid but to have a good cooling effect.
A study of geometry nozzle is particularly important in optimizing the quantity of coolant in terms to
minimize that quantity or coolant can be used for lubrication of machines moving parts. Coolants can
be from the simplest (water, air) as well as a mixture of liquid (emulsions) to achieve a good cooling in
function of temperature that develops in the area concerned.
Cooling liquids or lubricants used requires a special attention, a greater quantity of liquid consumed
can be harmful environment, a larger quantity of fluid can generate high production costs, depending
on their chemical composition and reaction with various heated zones of the process may be harmful to
the operator.
Appropriate nozzle geometry could use a minimum quantity of coolant that can accurately be sent to
the area to be cooled. The study from this paper proposes an analysis and a simulation of flow through
the convergent-divergent nozzle type to optimize them and also to use a minimum quantity of coolant
or lubricant. This study will focus on the analysis of cooling systems for cutting processes on machine
tools.
The simulations are performed using a specialized program with finite element which analysis the flow
through the different nozzles with different operating parameters and different geometries of a
convergent-divergent nozzle. These simulations can be compared to real working conditions on the
machine tool system.
Abstract:
Key words: fluid, flow, convergent, divergent, nozzle.
130

Paper ID: C-20
ASPECTS REGARDING AT 13C ISOTOPE SEPARATION COLUMN

CONTROL USING PETRI NETS SYSTEM
Maria Loredana Boca & Mihaela Elisabeta Ciortea
1 Decembrie 1918 University of Alba Iulia-Romania, Faculty of Science and Engineering,
Blvd. N. Iorga, No. 11-13, 515900, Alba Iulia, Romania
Corresponding author: Boca Maria Loredana, loredana_boca1@yahoo.com
In this paper we simulate the control of 13C Isotope Separation column using Petri net. The
major issue with 13C comes from the difficulty of obtaining it and raising its natural fraction. Carbon
isotopes can nowadays be separated using many methods, one of them being the cryogenic distillation
of carbon monoxide.
Very few aspects regarding the construction and operating conditions of such cryogenic plants are
known today, and even less information is available as far as the separation process modeling and
control are concerned.
However, the efficient control of the carbon monoxide distillation process represents a necessity for
large-scale 13C production. Referring to a classic distillation process, several models for carbon isotope
separation have been proposed, some based on mass, component and energy balance equations, some
on the nonlinear wave theory or the Cohen equations
For modeling system we have used Petri nets because we have in our case discrete event systems. In
use of the non-timed and with auxiliary times Petri model, the transport stream was divided into
sections and these sections will be analyzed successively. Due to the complexity of the system and the
large amount of calculations required it was not possible to analyze the system as a unitary whole. A
first attempt to model the system as a unitary whole led to the blocking of the model during simulation,
because of the large processing times.
Abstract:
Key words: control, 13C isotope separation column, petri nets.
131

Paper ID: C-21
MODEL OF DECISION SYSTEM FOR 13C ISOTOPE SEPARATION

COLUMN
Maria Loredana Boca
Corresponding author: Boca Maria Loredana, loredana_boca1@yahoo.com
This paper presents present the model of one decisional system for 13C Isotope Separation
column, using the model for mission critical situation detection. The start model was a model of one
distributed control system of critical situations that may arise in the operation of the distillation
column. In these simulations, a wireless communication network is used, to transmit data. We
considered as study case, two critical situations that may arise due to increased pressure:
a) increasing the pressure inside the column;
b) increasing the pressure in the vacuum cover of the column.
The column, with the simplified scheme, separates the carbon isotopes based on the cryogenic
distillation of pure carbon monoxide, which is fed at a constant flow rate as a gas through the feeding
system.
At extremely low temperatures (about -192oC), the vapor pressure (P1) of (12C16O) is greater than the
pressure (P2) of (13C16O) and the separation coefficient is:
Abstract:
P1
1.007
o
P2
In this research we make a model of decision system witch implement a temperature sensor inside of
liquid nitrogen level in the condenser. The work temperature is very low about -192oC, and is a very
critical location of the column because the temperature can grow or go down more than 2 degrees. In
this way we have to deeply monitor and supervision this condenser and make a decision in a proper
time when the temperature is in a critical situation. Our model decision system give a signal to the
sensor to alarm when something is wrong in the condenser.
Key words: decision system, 13C isotope separation column, model.
132

Paper ID: C-22
DETERMINATION OF MODAL ATTENUATION DUE TO EXTERNAL AND

INTERNAL FLUIDS IN PIPES
Mihai Valentin Predoi1, Cristian Ctlin Petre2, Mihail Boiangiu1, Andrei Crafleanu1
& Ovidiu Vasile1
1
University Politehnica of Bucharest, Dept. of Mechanics,

Splaiul Independentei 313, 060042, Bucharest, Romania
2
University Politehnica of Bucharest, Dept. of Strenght of Materials,
Splaiul Independentei 313, 060042, Bucharest, Romania
Corresponding author: Mihai Valentin Predoi, E-mail predoi@cat.mec.pub.ro
The ultrasonic nondestructive evaluation of structural integrity of pipes in high risk industres
such as chemical or nuclear, represents a domain of highest importance. The inspection of kilometres
of piping in rough conditions is a difficult if not an impossible task. Guided ultrasonic waves can
propagate however along tens of meters in pipes and bring by the reflected signal, important
information concerning the presence of flaws.
There are three classes of guided modes in a pipe: longitudinal, torsional and flexural. The longitudinal
modes have an axial symmetry of the radial and axial displacements. These waves prove to be most
sensitive to partly circumferential flaws. These waves are dispersive, the wave velocity strongly
depending on the frequency. The torsional modes are less dispersive, especially the fundamental SH0
mode. Moreover, the radial displacements are negligible, reducing the interaction with the surrounding
fluids and thus reducing the attenuation. The interaction of these ewaves with axial flaws is more
pronounced. The flexural modes are highly dispersive and attenuated. However, if the symmetry of the
emmiting transducer is not perfect, these modes can propagate in the pipe and their properties must be
understood.
The presence of fluid inside and in some cases outside the inspected pipe represents a challenging
problem of computing the guided modes dispersion curves. The various guided modes velocities and
attenuations are determined for several fluid which might be filling and surrounding the common size
steel pipes. A dedicated software package developed by our team is used for this purpose. These
dispersion curves are used for optimal numerical simulation, using the Finite Elements Method (FEM),
in order to verify the attenuation mechanism. The obtained results allow a motivated selection of the
least attenuated mode, from the three classes explained before, at a given inspection frequency and for
a typical steel pipe, filled with various fluids.
The numerical data are compared with results obtained in laboratory experiments. The experimental
setup is using common ultrasonic transducers in a special geometrical arrangement. The experiments
allow the measurement of the numerically predicted modal attenuation. The maximum expected
inspection range can be accurately determined before the inspection on real industrial piping.
Abstract:
Key words: guided waves, modal attenuation, pipes.
133

Paper ID: C-23
MODELING BUCKET EXCAVATION BY FINITE ELEMENT

Olimpia Mioara Pecingina
University Constantin Brancusi of Tg-Jiu, Faculty of Engineering,
30 Eroilor Street, 210135, Tg-Jiu, Romania
Corresponding author: Olimpia Mioara Pecingina, pecinginaolimpia@yahoo.com
Changes in geological components of the layers from lignite pits have an impact on the
sustainability of the cup path elements and under the action of excavation force appear efforts leading
to deformation of the entire assembly. Application of finite element method in the optimization of
components leads to economic growth, to increase the reliability and durability of the studied machine
parts thus the machine. It is obvious usefulness of knowledge the state of mechanical tensions that the
designed piece or the assembly not to break under the action of tensions that must cope during
operation. In the course of excavation work on all bucket cutting force components, the first coming
into contact with the material being excavated cutting edge. Therefore in the study with finite element
analysis is retained only cutting edge. To study the field of stress and strain on the cutting edge will be
created geometric patterns for each type of cup this will be subject to static analysis. The geometric
design retains the cutting edge shape and on this on the tooth cassette location will apply an areal force
on the abutment tooth. The cutting edge real pattern is subjected to finite element study for the worst
case of rock cutting by symmetrical and asymmetrical cups whose profile is different. The purpose of
the calculation is to determine the displacement and tensions field for both profiles considering the
maximum force applied on the cutting edge and the depth of the cutting is equal with the width of the
cutting edge of the tooth. It will consider the worst case when on the structure will act both the
tangential force and radial force on the bucket profile. For determination of stress and strain field on
the form design of cutting edge profile will apply maximum force assuming uniform distribution and
on the edge surface force will apply a radial force. After geometric patterns discretization on the
cutting knives and determining stress field, can be seen that at the rectangular profile appears the
"clogging" phenomenon of the cutting edge and at the polygonal profile the point of application
remains constant without going inside. From the analysis it can be concluded that the polygonal
profiles made of dihedral angles are much more durable and asymmetric cups tend to have uniform
tension along the entire perimeter.
Abstract:
Key words: lignite pits, finite element method, displacement, tensions, cutting edge, profile.
134

Paper ID: C-24
INFLUENCE OF THROTTLING OF PNEUMATIC ACTUATORS

AT THE POSITIONING ACCURACY
Mariusz Piotr Hetmanczyk & Piotr Michalski
Corresponding author: Mariusz Piotr Hetmanczyk, mariusz.hetmanczyk@polsl.pl
Abstract: Changing the
dynamic motion parameters of pneumatic equipment requires control of pressure

and the volumetric flow rate. Machines based on pneumatic drives belong to units with high reliability
indexes. Despite many advantages still exists a problem connected with the positioning of linear and
rotary actuators. The main cause of problems is the air compressibility. Furthermore at positioning of
the moving parts of pneumatic drives directly affect:
set value and fluctuations in the supply pressure;
losses of pressure (directional control valves, throttling valves, pneumatic hose, etc.);
applied lubrication and operating temperature (affecting the density of the used oil or lubricant);
air filtration (incorrectly selection of filter causes a penetration of dirt from entering the system and
increase frictional resistance);
characteristics of the load (force: mass or concentrated, fixed or variable).
Additionally the frictional force varies within a change in movement speed of the piston and the
pressure in the actuator cylinder. In most cases, the movement speed setting is made by the operator in
a manner dependent on the experience.
The primary objective of this study was to determine the relationship between the three parameters that
affect the positioning accuracy of pneumatic linear drives (supply pressure, velocity and mass of the
displaced value). Measurements were carried out in the extreme values of the attenuation coefficient
(0%, 50% and border) setting on non-return throttle valves. The border factor was defined as value
resulted in the loss of motion smoothness at the stage of the movement and positioning with given
parameters of the pneumatic medium. During the measurements, the following parameters were
recorded: piston position, vibration level (based on the effective values of velocity) measured with
sensors mounted on the moving elements (connected rigid with the piston) and cylinder cap (at the top
side).
The article presents a study of the impact of setting control parameters and external disturbances on the
positioning accuracy of rodless double acting actuator. Testing process was carried out at different
values of the adjustable parameters of the actuator and external loads. The probe mass was selected
within cushioning diagram so that the operating point was placed on the curve of limiting speed of
movement of the actuator.
Key words: condition monitoring, pneumatic systems, vibrations, positioning accuracy.
135

Paper ID: C-25

THE QUALITATIVE ASSESSMENT OF PNEUMATIC ACTUATORS OPERATION IN TERMS OF
VIBRATION CRITERIA
Mariusz Piotr Hetmanczyk & Piotr Michalski

Corresponding author: Mariusz Piotr Hetmanczyk, mariusz.hetmanczyk@polsl.pl
Work quality of pneumatic actuators can be assessed in terms of multiple criteria. In case of
complex systems with pneumatic drives retained at end positions (impact of the piston in cylinder
covers) the vibration criteria constitute reliable indicators. Cyclic hitting of the piston in cylinder
covers (front and back) is a negative phenomenon lowering the actuator lifetime. Pneumatic actuators
have gained great popularity in the industry, thanks to the many advantages among other things:
cleanliness of work, simplicity of construction, simple adjustment of durability and high resistance to
external factors. The paper presents the impact assessment on the operating parameters of the rodless
pneumatic cylinder on selected vibration symptoms. Rodless cylinders are often used in the
construction of pneumatic manipulators, linear movement mechanisms and applications with high
loads of forces and bending moments. Described drives are equipped with end-position cushioning
circuits which allow minimising of strokes of the piston at covers. The primary target of presented
researches is to determine the suitability of the use of vibration diagnostic methods for the quality
estimation of operation of pneumatic systems and minimizing energy due to the motion of the piston.
The basis of presented studies is strictly connected with problems arising from the lack of methods
allowing tuning of linear pneumatic actuators in order to increasing the life of the drive, minimizing
the kinetic energy of conveyed masses and vibrations of machines. In most cases the maintenance
service of production plants based on experience without evaluation of measured parameters.
During the measurements, the following parameters were recorded: pressure at the outlet of draining
chamber (cushioned chamber) with usage of throttle valve dedicated to cushioning (pneumatic
throttling), vibration level (based on the effective values of velocity) measured with sensors mounted
on the moving elements (connected rigid with the piston) and cylinder cap (at the top side). The
actuator has been inclined with respect to horizontal direction to determine the effect of the braking
weight on speed and vibration of the actuator (force and torque load).
On the basis of performed analysis the authors shown method allowing evaluation of the performance
and tuning of end position of damping piston with usage of most common diagnostic tools (portable
analyzers of vibrations).
Abstract:
Key words: condition monitoring, pneumatic systems, vibrations, cushioning.
136

Paper ID: C-26
TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESS SUPERVISING USING VISION SYSTEMS

COOPERATING WITH THE LABVIEW VISION BUILDER
Przemysaw Hryniewicz, Wacaw Bana, Aleksander Gwiazda,
Krzysztof Foit & Agnieszka Skala
Corresponding author: Przemysaw Hryniewicz, przemyslaw.hryniewicz@polsl.pl
One of the most important tasks in the production process is to supervise its proper
functioning. Lack of required supervision over the production process can lead to incorect
manufacturing of the final element, through the production line downtime and hence to financial
losses. The worst result is the damage of the equipment involved in the manufacturing process.
Engineers supervise the production flow correctness use the great range of sensors supporting the
supervising of a manufacturing element. Vision systems are one of sensors families. In recent years,
thanks to the accelerated development of electronics as well as the easier access to electronic products
and attractive prices, they become the cheap and universal type of sensors. These sensors detect
practically all objects, regardless of their shape or even the state of matter. The only problem is
considered with transparent or mirror objects, detected from the wrong angle. Integrating the vision
system with the Labview Vision and the Labview Vision Builder it is possible to determine not only at
what position is the given element but also to set its reorientation relative to any point in an analyzd
space. The paper present exemplary process of automated inspection of the manufacturing process in a
manufacturing workcell using the vision supervising system.
Abstract:
Key words: Object recognition, Labview Vision, robotised workcell.
137

Paper ID: C-27
COMPUTER AIDED PRODUCTION PLANNING - SWZ

SYSTEM OF ORDER VERIFICATION
Damian Krenczyk & Bozena Skolud
Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering,
Konarskiego 18A, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
Corresponding author: Bozena Skolud, bozena.skolud@polsl.pl
The SWZ - computer production orders verification system, assisting in the decision-making
processes of the acceptance or rejection of the production orders for production planning is presented
in the paper. The multi-assortment concurrent rhythmic production has been taken into account in this
approach. SWZ system enables determining the control procedures assigned to resources in the form
of local dispatching rules for the steady-states of production flow and the transient dispatching rules
for the starting-up and cease of production, used during the initiation and termination of orders in the
production system. The generated rules are designed to ensure the acceptable production execution
quality (without deadlocks and starvations) and timely execution of orders. SWZ also generates
information about the necessity to reject the production order which do not have a chance to perform
in due date with the identified resource constraints. Developed and implemented algorithms and
methodology support operations of enterprises in different areas: area of works organization in the
enterprise, during the development process of product and manufacturing processes design, in
activities related to the maintenance and throughout the monitoring of works progress process and
utilization of resources. SWZ is a computer implementation of the methodology that support fast
decision making on the acceptability of a production order, which allows to determine not the best
possible solution, but admissible solution that it is possible to find in an acceptable time (feasible
solution) and acceptable due to the existing constraints. The methodology uses the propagation of
constraints techniques and reduced to test a sequence of arbitrarily selected conditions. Fulfillment of
all the conditions (the conjunction) provides the ability to perform production orders. In the paper
examples of the application of SWZ system comprising the steps of planning and control have been
presented. The obtained results allowing the determination of acceptable production flow in the system
- determination of the manufacturing system parameters those that ensure execution of orders in time
under the resource constraints. SWZ also allows to generate the dispatching rules as a sequence of
processing operations for each production resource, performed periodically during the production flow
in the system. Furthermore the examples of SWZ and simulation systems integration have been shown
using the original integration methodology based on data transformation methods. SWZ has been
enhanced with a module generating XML documents containing the information entered into the
system and output script code of the simulation model.
Abstract:
Key words: production planning and control, integration, transient state, dispatching rules.
138

Paper ID: C-28
REDUCTION OF VIBRATION BY USING MECHATRONICAL SUBSYSTEM

Katarzyna Biaas & Andrzej Buchacz
Silesian University of Technology University, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Engineering Processes
Automation and Integrated Manufacturing Systems, Konarskiego 18A, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
Corresponding author: Katarzyna Biaas, katarzyna.bialas@polsl.pl
The main purpose of this work is the presentation synthesis of mechanical systems including
active elements reducing unwanted vibrations. In result of conducted synthesis was received structures
and parameters of a discrete model meeting the defined requirements concerning the dynamic features
of the system, in particular, the frequency spectrum. The presented approach i.e. a non-classical
synthetic method applied in designing mechanical or mechatronical systems, one (as early as at the
design and construction stage) may verify future systems. The synthesis may also be applied to modify
the already existing systems in order to achieve a desired result. The synthesis consists of two basic
stages. At the first stage, while designing a new system, it is necessary to define the requirements
related to the frequency of free vibration of the system; this being done in order to obtain the structure
and parameters of a system composed only of passive elements in the form of inert and elastic
elements. At the second stage, designer match active subsystem reducing unwanted vibrations.The aim
of this paper is also analysis of of obtained systeme to check relationship between basic system and
active subsystem reduction vibrations. This active subsystem was consisted from electric elements.
In this paper was used method of polar graphs and their relationship with algebra of structural
numbers. This method is called a non-classical method. The use of such a method enables the analysis
and synthesis of mechanical systems irrespective of the type and number of the elements of such a
system.
The application of active elements to eliminate vibration enables overcoming limitations which occur
if passive elements are used. Active elements give better results in case of reduction of low frequency
vibrations. Presented approach simplifies the process of selecting the dynamical parameters of systems
in view of their dynamical characteristics.
Thank to the approach, introduced in this paper, can be conducted as early as during the designing of
future functions of the system as well as during the construction of the system. Using method and
obtained results can be value for designers of mechanical systems with elements reducing vibrations.
Abstract:
Key words: analysis, synthesis, active elements, passive elements, reduction of vibrations.
139

Paper ID: C-29
A METHOD OF COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN WITH SELF-GENERATIVE

MODELS IN NX SIEMENS ENVIRONMENT
Cezary Grabowik1, Krzysztof Kalinowski1, Wojciech Kempa2 & Iwona Paprocka1
1
2
Silesian University of Technology, The Faculty of Applied Mathematics, Institute of Mathematics,
Konarskiego 23A Str., 44100, Gliwice, Poland
Corresponding author: Cezary Grabowik, cezary.grabowik@polsl.pl
Currently in CAD/CAE/CAM systems it is possible to create 3D design virtual models which

are able to capture certain amount of knowledge. These models are especially useful in an automation
of routine design tasks. These models are known as self-generative or auto generative and they can
behave in an intelligent way. The main difference between the auto generative and fully parametric
models consists in the auto generative models ability to self-organizing. In this case design model selforganizing means that aside from the possibility of making of automatic changes of model quantitative
features these models possess knowledge how these changes should be made. Moreover they are able
to change quality features according to specific knowledge. In spite of undoubted good points of selfgenerative models they are not so often used in design constructional process which is mainly caused
by usually great complexity of these models. This complexity makes the process of self-generative
time and labour consuming. It also needs a quite great investment outlays. The creation process of selfgenerative model consists of the three stages it is knowledge and information acquisition, model type
selection and model implementation. In this paper methods of the computer aided design with selfgenerative models in NX Siemens CAD/CAE/CAM software are presented. There are the five methods
of self-generative models preparation in NX with: parametric relations model, part families, GRIP
language application, knowledge fusion and OPEN API mechanism. In the paper examples of each
type of the self-generative model are presented. These methods make the constructional design process
much faster. It is suggested to prepare this kind of self-generative models when there is a need of
design variants creation. The conducted research on assessing the usefulness of elaborated models
showed that they are highly recommended in case of routine tasks automation. But it is still difficult to
distinguish which method of self-generative preparation is most preferred. It always depends on a
problem complexity. The easiest way for such a model preparation is this with the parametric relations
model whilst the hardest one is this with the OPEN API mechanism. From knowledge processing point
of view the best choice is application of the knowledge fusion.
Abstract:
Key words: CAD, self-organising model, auto generative model, NX, OPEN API, knowledge fusion.
140

Paper ID: C-30
PRODUCTION SCHEDULING WITH DISCRETE AND RENEWABLE

ADDITIONAL RESOURCES
Krzysztof Kalinowski1, Cezary Grabowik1, Iwona Paprocka1 & Wojciech Kempa2
1
2
Corresponding author: Krzysztof Kalinowski, krzysztof.kalinowski@polsl.pl
In this paper some different approaches to planning of additional resources when scheduling
operations are discussed. The considered resources are assumed to be discrete and renewable. In most
research in scheduling domain, the basic and often the only type of regarded resources is a
workstation. It can be understood as a machine, device or even as a separated space on the shop floor.
There are also solutions in which a single resource represents a production cell of a higher level, e.g. a
work centre or production line, a division, department or a production plant in a specific location. In
such situations, the schedule can be created in a hierarchical manner, by scheduling at the higher level
of the cells first, and next, more detailed, in the particular cells of the lower level. Regardless of the
above, during the detailed scheduling of operations the need of using more than one resource, required
for its implementation, can be indicated. Resource requirements for an operation may relate to
different resources or resources of the same type. Additional resources are most often referred to these
human resources, tools or equipment, for which the limited availability in the manufacturing system
may have an influence on the execution date of an operations in the schedule. In the paper the concept
of the division into of basic and additional resources and the way of their planning was shown. A
situation in which the sets of basic and additional resources are not separable the same additional
resource may be a basic resource for another operation is also considered. Scheduling of operations,
including greater amount of resources can cause many difficulties, depending on whether the resource
is involved in the entire time of operation, only in the selected part(s) of operation (e.g. as auxiliary
staff at setup time) or cyclic e.g. when an operator supports more than one machine, or supervises the
execution of several operations. The date and time of resources participation in the operation can then
be different. Presented issues are crucial when modelling of production scheduling environment and
designing of structures for the purpose scheduling software development.
Abstract:
Keywords: scheduling, discrete and renewable resources, modelling, additional resources.
141

Paper ID: C-31
STUDY REGARDING THE DATA ASSEMBLING PROCESS FOR

COMPUTER AIDED ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS
Alexandru Pescaru1, Emil Oanta2, Tiberiu Axinte2 & Anca-Elena Dascalescu3
1
Constanta Maritime University, Faculty of Navigation and Naval Transport,

2
3
Politehnica University of Bucharest, Faculty of Power Engineering,
313 Splaiul Independentei, Sector 6, 060042, Bucharest, Romania
Corresponding author: Emil Oanta, eoanta@yahoo.com
Abstract: The
creation of the computer based models in engineering may lead to the creation of a system
of equations which must be solved. There are several examples in structural studies when either
analytic approaches or numerical methods are producing systems of equations. Among these cases, we
may identify a particular set of cases where the unknowns are grouped in certain points, designated
nodes. In this way, we may consider the following cases: interpolation which uses spline functions,
deflected shape of straight bar modelled either by the use of the method of initial parameters, or using
the finite difference method, displacements of a thin plate using the finite difference method. The
paper presents an analysis of this particular type of models and presents solutions regarding a strategy
to conceive a general data structure which may be used for the rapid development of software
applications. The definition of the data type takes into consideration the nodal parameters, identifiers
of these nodal parameters, flags of these nodal parameters and others. There were identified two types
of equations which use this node-wise information: a first class of equations are connecting the
parameters of the same node. The second class of relations connects the same type of parameters
belonging to two adjacent nodes, for instance in the case of the method of initial parameters we have
the equations of the shear force, of the bending moments, of the rotation and of the displacements.
Following these ideas there is proposed a general approach to define the nodal data as a data type to be
used in the classes oriented programming languages widely used nowadays. One of the most important
consequences is the creation of the software library used as a foundation for the development of
intelligent software instruments which take into account all the parameters that influence the
phenomenon under investigation, has open-system features and leads to the development of flexible
cross-platform software libraries to be used in various other directions. Last but not least, there should
be reminded that the paper is based on an extensive experience in software development of turn-key
software instruments for engineering problems.
Key words: data assembling process, high flexibility, computer aided engineering, original software applications.
142

Paper ID: C-32
EXTENDED PRECISION DATA TYPES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE

ORIGINAL COMPUTER AIDED ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS
Alexandru Pescaru1, Emil Oanta2, Tiberiu Axinte2 & Anca-Elena Dascalescu3
1

2
3
Politehnica University of Bucharest, Faculty of Power Engineering,
313 Splaiul Independentei, Sector 6, 060042, Bucharest, Romania
Computer aided engineering is based on models of the phenomena which are expressed as
algorithms. The implementations of the algorithms are usually software applications which are
processing a large volume of numerical data, regardless the size of the input data. In this way, the
finite element method applications used to have an input data generator which was creating the entire
volume of geometrical data, starting from the initial geometrical information and the parameters stored
in the input data file. Moreover, there were several data processing stages, such as: renumbering of the
nodes meant to minimize the size of the band length of the system of equations to be solved,
computation of the equivalent nodal forces, computation of the element stiffness matrix, assemblation
of system of equations, solving the system of equations, computation of the secondary variables. The
modern software application use pre-processing and post-processing programs to easily handle the
information. Beside this example CAE applications use various stages of complex computation, being
very interesting the accuracy of the final results. Along time, the development of CAE applications
was a constant concern of the authors and the accuracy of the results was a very important target. The
paper presents the various computing techniques which were imagined and implemented in the
resulting applications: finite element method programs, finite difference element method programs,
applied general numerical methods applications, data generators, graphical applications, experimental
data reduction programs. In this context, the use of the extended precision data types was one of the
solutions, the limitations being imposed by the size of the memory which may be allocated. To avoid
the memory-related problems the data was stored in files. To minimize the execution time, part of the
file was accessed using the dynamic memory allocation facilities. The paper also presents the results
regarding the arbitrary precision data types tests, the memory allocation tests and the type conversion
tests. One of the most important consequences of the paper is the design of a library which includes the
optimized solutions previously tested, that may be used for the easily development of original CAE
cross-platform applications. Last but not least, beside the generality of the data type solutions, there is
targeted the development of a software library which may be used for the easily development of nodebased CAE applications, each node having several known or unknown parameters, the system of
equations being automatically generated and solved.
Abstract:
Key words: arbitrary precision data types, type conversion, software library, facile modelling in engineering.
143

Paper ID: C-33
TIME-DEPENDENT SOLUTION FOR THE MANUFACTURING LINE

WITH UNRELIABLE MACHINE AND BATCHED ARRIVALS
Wojciech M. Kempa 1, Iwona Paprocka 2, Cezary Grabowik 2 & Krzysztof Kalinowski 2
1

2
Corresponding author: Wojciech M. Kempa, wojciech.kempa@polsl.pl
Abstract: The in-depth analysis of the operation of a manufacturing line with an unreliable service station at
different traffic scenarios requires the knowledge about the behaviour of key stochastic characteristics of the
system, like the queue-size distribution of waiting jobs or the number of jobs being completely processed during
the fixed time period. It is worth noting that in the literature analytical results obtained for queues with server
breakdowns are dedicated mainly to the stationary state of the system. However, as it seems, time-dependent
(non-stationary) analysis of systems behaviour is often desired or even necessary. Firstly, a machine failure
cancels the stationary state of the system, so in the case of relatively frequent breakdowns it is difficult to
observe the system working in the stationary regime. Next, it is often necessary to analyse systems operation
just after its opening or after applying a new control mechanism, so before the system stabilizes. Finally, the
convergence rate of transient stochastic characteristics of the system to the stationary ones is often too slow to
accept the stationary regime as the determinant of a typical systems behaviour.
In the article we study the time-dependent queue-size distribution in a single-machine manufacturing line with
failures, modelled by a finite-buffer queueing system with server breakdowns. A typical input stream of
individual jobs is generalized by considering batched arrivals occurring according to a compound Poisson
process. Successive jobs are processed individually with exponentially distributed service time. The evolution
of the system can be observed during successive working periods followed by repair times. If the arriving job
finds the machine busy with processing a job, joins the buffer queue or, if the buffer is saturated, is being lost.
Applying the approach based on the memoryless properties of exponential distribution and the formula of total
probability (compare e.g. [2] and [3]) we derive a system of integral equations for the queue-size distribution
conditioned by the initial state of the buffer queue. The solution of the corresponding system written for
transforms of conditional distributions we obtain by using the linear-algebraic approach (see [1]). The study
delivers theoretical solution for time-dependent behaviour of the queue of waiting jobs which can be helpful in
the performance evaluation of a real manufacturing line, and in the prediction of lines evolution in different
scenarios.
References:
1. Wojciech M. Kempa: Time-dependent behavior of queueing delay in GI/M/1/K-type model N-policy: analytical study
with applications to WSNs. In: Analytical and stochastic modeling techniques and applications. ASMTA 2014. 21st
International Conference, Budapest, Hungary, June 30 - July 2, 2014. Proceedings. Eds. B. Sericola, M. Telek, G. Horvath.
Berlin: Springer (2013), 110-124, (Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 8499 0302-9743);
2. Wojciech M. Kempa: Time-dependent queue-size distribution in the finite GI/M/1 model with AQM-type dropping. Acta
Electrotechnica et Informatica, vol. 13, no. 4 (2013), 85-90.
3. Wojciech M. Kempa: On transient queue-size distribution in the batch arrival system with the N-policy and setup times.
Mathematical Communications, vol. 17, no. 1 (2012), 285-302.
Key words: finite buffer capacity, manufacturing line, queue-size distribution, repair time, transient state, working time.
144

Paper ID: C-34
RECURRENCE PLOT FOR PARAMETERS ANALYSING OF INTERNAL

COMBUSTION ENGINE
Octavian Alexa1, Constantin-Ovidiu Ilie, Marin Marinescu, Radu Vilau,
& Dnu Grosu
Military Technical Academy, Faculty of Mechatronics and Integrated Systems for Armament, Dept. of Military
Automotive and Transportation, Bd. George Cosbuc nr. 39-49, sector 5, Bucharest 050141, Romania
Corresponding author: Octavian Alexa, alexa.octavian@gmail.com
In many technical disciplines modern data analysis techniques has been succesfully aplied to
understand the complexity of the system. In the last three decades the recurrence plot analysis has been
developed as another method to describe complex dynamics. Recurrense plot analysis (RPA) was
introduced for the first time in 1987 in the paper published by Eckman, Kamhorst and Ruelle. The
starting point of the recurrence plot analysis is the idea that a measured time series is the result of the
interaction of different relevant variables of a dynamic process. For examples, an internal combustion
engine is a highly complex system with a large number of parameters that influence its dynamics.
Engine torque, engine angular speed or hourly fuel consumption could be considered realizations of
that dynamical system. Each of that measured parameter is a one-dimention output of a
multidimesional dynamic system. The method (RPA) infers characteristics of the original system and
predicts its behavior in the future given the history of its output. It analysed signal dynamics in
reconstructed phase-space and reveals visual information about distance correlation between two
points of atrractor. Our research was motivated by the desire to identify more intimate dependencies
between outputs and inputs of the internal combustion engine. In this respect we've conducted a large
number of tests using more than 10 cars with 1.6 l petrol engine. Most of the experimental data were
acquired and stored in the tester and other two them were computed using static characteristics of the
engine that had been obtained on the test bench. The recurrence plot investigation for the analysing of
the internal combustion engine as is presented in this paper, shows some of the RPA capabilities in this
domain. This work is an incipient research, being the firt attempt of using recurrence plot for analysing
mechanical systems. It opens a wide field of action for future research programs.
Abstract:
Key words: recurrence plot, internal combustion engine, engine torque, angular engine speed, huerly fuel consumption.
145

Paper ID: C-35
APPLICATIONS OF VECTOR CONTROL OF ASYNCHRONOUS MOTOR

IN MARITIME TRANSPORT
Marian Dordescu & Violeta Ciucur
Maritime University of Constanta-Romania, Department of Engineering Sciences in the Electrical Field,
Mircea cel Batran Street, No. 104, 900663, Constanta, Romania
Corresponding author: Marian Dordescu, dordescu@yahoo.com
Currently, multi-speed asynchronous motors meet a widespread knowledge for AC

electric drive machines working in the field of shipping (winches, cranes, and so on). Thus, currently
the most commonly used motors for driving cargo winches with pile drivers and cranes are cage with
three (3) speed obtained using three stator windings in star connection. At these drives,the basic step is
step 3, and the transition from stage 0 to stage 3 and vice versa is done via positions (steps)
intermediate speed 1 and 2 (transition from stage 3 - the speed at position 0 is done through successive
passes through stages 2 and 1 with a braking system with energy recovery). Although it has some
significant advantages, such as significant loss of power, economical solution, the classical solution
has some major drawbacks: large size, construction complicated machine and not least the speed
change gears.
To eliminate these disadvantages it was proposed a solution that preserves the asynchronous machine
as actuators, but that control movement, which involves controlling the speed and / or torque or
position control is done by controlling the torque and flux vector directly.
Working methods and results: Vector control is based on the dynamic model of induction machine, based
on the vector character of functional motor sizes.It was developed as a method based on closed-loop
control of speed / torque when using dynamic response and precision motion control system are
important. Vector control restores one of the advantages of DC drive systems, namely separation speed
and torque loops. The solution presented provides direct control of asynchronous machine by two
independent control loops, one for the couple, the other for flow, operating in parallel, the input
quantities for the two controllers are errors that electromagnetic torque of the stator flux.
Conclusions: From analysis results of the solutions used in commercial and military ships, the new
solution has the following advantages:
- use of squirrel cage induction motors with one winding obviously simpler and cheaper compared to
those with 2 or 3 windings;
- speed change continuously, not in steps;
- operation of the machine under braking energy recovery.
Abstract: Objectives:
Key words: winch, winding, asynchronous machines, vector control, control loop.
146

Paper ID: C-36
ANALYSIS OF HIERARCHICAL MODEL BASED ON DISCRETE EVENT

SYSTEMS
Elisabeta Mihaela Ciortea
Corresponding author: Ciortea Elisabeta Mihaela, ciortea31mihaela@yahoo.com
The paper presents the hierarchical model based on discrete event network for robotic
systems. Based on the hierarchical approach, Petri network is analysed as a network of the highest
conceptual level to the lowest level of local control. For modelling and control of complex robotic
systems using extended Petri nets. Discrete event systems is a pragmatic instrument modelling
industrial systems. For modelling system we have used Petri nets because we have in our case discrete
event system. To highlight the auxiliary time Petri model using transport stream divided into
hierarchical levels and sections were analysed sequentially.
Such a system is structured, controlled and analysed in this paper by using Visual Object Net++
package that is relatively simple and easy to use, and the results are shown as representations easy to
interpret. The hierarchical structure of the robotic system is implemented on computers analysed using
specialised programming. Implementation of hierarchical model discrete event systems, as a real-time
operating system on a network of computers connected by a serial bus is possible if each computer is
dedicated to local and Petri model of a subsystem global robotic system. Since Petri models are
simplified to apply general computer analysis, modelling, complex manufacturing systems control can
be achieved using Petri nets.
The simulation of the proposed robotic system using timed Petri nets, offers the possibility of viewing
over time the robotic process. Applying product robotic times and transportation times obtained by
measuring the spot, it is obtained graphical representations that show the average times of transport
activity time, using as parameters sets of finite products.
Abstract:
Key words: hierarchical model, discrete event system, Petri net, complex system.
147

Paper ID: C-37
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SAFETY COMPONENTS BASE ON

INDUSTRIAL NETWORKS
Piotr Michalski & Mariusz Piotr Hetmaczyk
Corresponding author: Piotr Michalski, piotr.michalski@polsl.pl
Capabilities of modern automation systems, especially in the field of industrial networks

applications, encouraging them to favor during the process of developing the automation project.
Extensive network topologies and simplicity and clear structure causing displacement of the classic
wiring. This approach simplifies the maximum number of components in the way of industrial
automation from sensor to PLC. Instead of: multi-core cables, intermediate boxes, connectors,
terminals, hundreds of cable descriptions, automation systems integrator chooses increasingly clear
industrial network bus. A perfect example is the comparison of classical topology and wiring
distribution automation equipment in relation to a modern industrial network topology of the ASinterface. Topology simplification is not the only benefits that we get through the selection of
industrial networks. Built control systems must often provide the required level of safety. Thus, the
designer of the automation system is required to enable the handling of so-called safe I/O modules,
safety light curtains, emergency stop buttons, pull-wire switches, etc. This article describes the
application possibilities of industrial network such as AS-interface in the implementation of safety at
work. The authors present the process of creating a simple application, which includes: the position
limit switches, actuators, electro-pneumatic control units, modules of analogue inputs and outputs,
push buttons modules, the frequency converter and its controlled asynchronous 3-phase motor. The
test application is designed to simulate a simple industrial system. Cyclic operation is controlled
actuators in accordance with the adopted histogram, the work of an asynchronous motor with different
speeds and possible pressure drop in the pneumatic system. It is possible to choose the manual control
mode and fully automatic. Once launched, the authors present the basic functionality of the
implementation process, on the existing structure of hardware, security components. The sample safety
program, security restarting the system after the breach of security, in a development environment
ASIMON has been written. The article presents: the methodology prescribed in the form of flowcharts,
project workflow for creating industrial network and base on it safety system. The individual steps of
the scheme are described in the example shown. In addition, the paper presents the main algorithm for
controlling the operation of the system, histograms work electro pneumatic actuators and a histogram
of the relationship between security components. With the adoption of the proposed method, to prepare
for the process automation project development, it is possible to implement a safety system based on
industrial network, as well as a significant acceleration of the final run of the application.
Abstract:
Key words: machinery safety, industrial networks, sensors, safety monitors, as-interface, safety application.
148

Paper ID: C-38
WEB PLATFORM FOR FUNCTIONAL DESIGN

Manuela-Roxana Dijmarescu1 & Maria-Cristina Dijmarescu2
1
University Politehnica of Bucharest, Manufacturing Engineering Department,

313 Splaiul Independentei, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
2
University Politehnica of Bucharest, Materials Technology and Welding,
313 Splaiul Independentei, 060042
Bucharest, Romania
Corresponding author: Manuela-Roxana Dijmarescu, manuela-d@live.com
Todays global competitive trends, especially those related to industries, determine a much
higher degree of pressure and demands for substantial innovation driven improvements, flexible and
time sensitive solutions. Improving and optimizing the design activity by shortening its timeline and
maintaining a high quality level for its output have become the main success factors. The evolution of
design activity is strongly related to the evolution of education and research made in the design field.
Thus, the development of web tools which can contain knowledge about mechanical products
functionality and structure may be an important achievement for the education and industry. The
objective of this research is to develop a web platform to support students, teachers and engineers in
the design activity by providing information about the functionality of products and the way it is
related to their structure. The main elements defining the research program have been: creating a
design knowledge database with information about products functionality and its relationship to the
constructive structure, documentation on the state of art regarding web tools available for supporting
design activity, defining the platform structure, creating the platform interface and etablishing its
relationships to the knowledge database, testing the platform functionality. The web platform that has
been created, Web Platform for Functional Design, denotes a simple interface. The main page contains
a set of functional classes considered for the mechanical products represented by buttons which will
guide the user to the specific functions, sub-functions, their definitions and the associated constructivefunctional units assigned. For each constructive-functional unit the user can retrieve information about
its functionality, constructive characteristics and download a CAD model which can be used as a
component of the product he wants to develop. The platform includes also other sections presenting
general information related to its purpose, such as news about research made in design area, specific
data and tools related to the design process, a CAD library and a material library. The proposed web
tool can provide any user, even one without background in design theory, information about the
functionality of products and the way it is related to the product structure. The use of this tool can
shorten the necessary time for designing because the functional-constructive units retrieved from here
have an almost complete design, the only missing information being the part/product drawings.
Abstract:
Key words: design, design knowledge, function, functional design, web platform.
149

Paper ID: C-39
EFFECTS OF CARBON DIOXIDE ON STARAGE TANKS STRUCTURE

Ovidiu Sorin Cupsa1 & Teodor Popa2
1

2
Ovidius University, Faculty of Mechanical, Industrial and Maritime Engineering,
Blvd. Mamaia, No. 124, 900527, Constanta, Romania
Corresponding author: Teodor Popa, teodorpopa@ceronav.ro
Capture of carbon dioxide from various industrial processes is usual. Carbon dioxide can be
stored in tanks of different sizes but there are certain limitations and requirements. This is why transfer
of carbon dioxide becomes necessary and it is carried out in special conditions. Carbon dioxide
certainly does have some influences on the tank structure and material it is made of. Both temperature
and pressure are important during transfer. Quantity of carbon dioxide as well as storage capacity of
the tank are to be considered as well. Risks implied by the transport of carbon dioxide impose certain
operation conditions as well as environment protection measures.
Abstract:
Key words: Carbon dioxide, tank pressure, tank temperature, triple point, risk.
Paper ID: C-40
TEMPERATURE CONTROLLED NEW DIE MODELLING IN ALUMINUM

(6061) EXTRUSION AND ITS COMPARISON WITH CONVENTIONAL DIES
BY USE OF FEM ANALYSIS
Sinan Sezek
Ataturk University Askale Vocational Collage, Elektrical and Energy Department, Erzurum, Turkey
Corresponding author: Sinan Sezek, sinansezek@hotmail.com
In conventional extrusion processes, inability to keep especially the billet at the intended heat
treatment temperature leads to waste of material and energy as well as dimensional linearity problems.
In our study, an extrusion process involving a newly designed Resistance Container for extrusion of
A16061 alloy has been modeled by the help of finite element (FE) method and compared with
conventional extrusion dies. With the designed resistance container model, billet temperature was
raised to extrusion temperature (550C) in 30 s and the process was conducted at this temperature.
Temperature reduction that occurred at a rate of 50% in the case of conventional extrusion processes
has occurred at around 10% in our model thereby resulting in minimized values of associated pressure
and stress.
Abstract:
Key words: resistance container, Al6061, aluminium extrusion, hot extrusion.
150

Paper ID: C-41
ANALYZING THE UNIFORMITY OF AN AUTOMOBILE WHEELS

DISTRIBUTION OF SLIPPING AND SKIDDING
Alin-Marian Puncioiu, Marian Tru, Marin Marinescu, Dnu Grosu
& Valentin Vnturi
Corresponding author: Marian Tru, truta_marian@yahoo.com
This paper is an integrated study performed over a 4x4 vehicles transmission and propulsion
system. It mainly aims at analyzing the uniformity of the distribution of the vehicles wheels slipping
and skidding at the front and rear axles level. When speaking about uniformity of the wheels slipping
one should understand the diminishing process of one axles skid while the wheels of the other axle
increase their slip, under certain working circumstances. Besides the theoretical notions with respect to
the relative motion of the wheel vs. the road surface, the paper also presents some experimental results
to consolidate the theory. Hence, the second part of the paper presents the conditions the tests have
been developed under, the used testing hardware, the measuring points and so on. To accurately
determine the magnitude and the variation of the wheels slip or skid, angular speed transducers were
mounted on the propeller shafts of the vehicle. Meanwhile, the real speed of the vehicle was also
measured using a GPS device. Moreover, to enhance the relative motion of the wheel against the road,
the tests were performed at different tire radii of the front wheels vs. the rear ones. Consequently, these
differences were of 0, 30 and 60 mm. The vehicle longitudinal transmission was locked so the wheels
slip or skid occurs. That was possible via a lockable inter-axle differential (which is a component of
the vehicles driveline). Aiming at getting even more parameters during the tests, a varying rolling
resistance served as input. Towing a vehicle and progressively braking the towed vehicle simulated it.
Therefore, the towing force also varied, hence increasing the general drag of the towing vehicle.
Studying the uniformity of the wheels skidding and slipping is quite useful since the results either
could validate and improve the known theory in this respect or could lead to new mathematical models
to simulating the behavior of the wheels for certain working modes. The results are graphically
presented. Such a determination could have a positive impact by optimizing the vehicle exploitation or
even its modernization. The conclusion of the work are relevant since the theoretical approach is
backed-up by the experimental researchs results.
Abstract:
Key words: vehicle, slipping, skidding, transmission, transducers.
151

Paper ID: C-42
DESIGN AND STRUCTURAL VERIFICATION OF LOCOMOTIVE BOGIES

USING COMBINED, ANALYTICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL, METHODS
Ion Manea1, Ion Girnita1, Gabriel Popa2, Gabriel Prenta1 & George Costache1
1
Softronic LTD, no. 40, Calea Severinului, Craiova, Dolj, 200609, Romania
Politehnica University of Bucharest, Faculty of Transports, Department of Railway Vehicles,
Splaiul Independentei No. 313, sector 6, Bucuresti, RO-060042, Romania
Corresponding author: Ion Manea, ion.manea@softronic.ro
Bogies are complex equipments with vital role in operating of railway vehicles, having the
role of carbody carrying and ensuring the traction and braking forces. Taking into account the bogie
importance in the rolling stock security as the long operating lifetime, the nowaday regulations
requires that the structural strength of the bogies to be validated at various static and dynamic stress
configurations that may appear during the bogie lifetime.
Structural strength validation procedures of bogie that running in European space is regulated by
standards EN 13749/20011 and EN 15827/2011 which regulates that the validation program shall be
established on the basis of: analysis, laboratory static tests, laboratory fatigue tests, track tests. For a
new design of bogie destined for a new type of application, all four validation stages shall be used,
though the fatigue tests can be replaced by other methods of demonstrating the required fatigue life.
The article dealt with procedure followed by Softronic Craiova for design and structural assessment of
new bogies designed for electric locomotive with asynchronous motors LEMA 5100kW. The design
and validation procedure takes into account connection with a program of structural validation by tests
in a laboratory with international accreditation.
The Softronic procedure to making the LEMA bogie cover the following steps:
- 3D design using a CAD dedicated program as ProEngineer;
- Structural analysis using a dedicated finite element program as Ansys;
- Experimental modal analysis using dedicated hardware and software, such as Pulse platforma;
- Calibration of analytical model through correlation with experimental modal model, followed by
analytical model optimization;
- Analytical assessment of the bogie response to the regulated static and dynamic stress, based on the
calibrated and optimized analytical model;
- Static and dynamic tests in accredited laboratories;
- On track tests;
The paper presents the theoretical background of finite element analysis (FEA) and experimental
modal analysis (EMA), similarities and differences between the two types of analysis, and the need to
validate the FEA model through data obtained by EMA. It is presented an application of combined
analysis achieved on the new design of LEMA bogie. Analytical model calibration is done through
correlation analysis between the analytical and experimental modal shapes and eigenfrequencies. On
the calibrated analytical model it is evaluated the stress and deformation response to combined static
and dynamic forces given according the the above normatives, prior to sending the bogie to tests in
international accredited laboratories in railway field.
Abstract:
Key words: bogie, finite element analysis, experimental modal analysis.
152

Paper ID: C-43
OPTIMIZATION OF THE INJECTION MOLDING PROCESS PARAMETERS

USING THE ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK AND PLASTIC SWARM
ALGORITHM METHOD
Simona Plvnescu (Mazurchevici)1, Antonio Gabriel Santos2 & Dumitru Nedelcu1
1

2
Nova de Lisboa University, Lisbon, Portugal
Corresponding author: Simona Plvnescu (Mazurchevici), simona0nikoleta@yahoo.com
Since the injection molding is the most widely used process in manufacturing polymer
products, unavoidable quality problems appears. Arboform behaves like any petrochemical plastic
material which means it can be heated and molded/ injected into a broad range of complex moldings
using standard injection equipment.The used material is a high-quality thermoplastic engineering
material for applications that demand high technological standards. It combines the positive properties
of natural wood with the processing capabilities of thermoplastic materials. Arboform is the "liquid
wood" that replace the ordinary plastics in all activity area in the near future. An important influence
on the mechanical performance of injection molds has the warpage induced during injection molding
process. The research study made until now prov/ demonstrates that the optimized process parameters
could effectively reduce the warpage value of the products. Therefore optimization of the injection
molding process parameters to improve mechanical performance of product under impact loading
becomes the goal of this paper/ study. An efficient optimization method by combining artificial neural
network and plastic swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm method is used. An integrated finite element
analysis, using MoldFlow package, of the injection molding process, the warpage induced residual
stress (calculating by using finite element program ANSYS) during assembly and mechanical
performance of serviced product is firstly proposed. Then, a back propagation (BP) neural network
model is developed to map the complex nonlinear relationship between process parameters and
mechanical performance of the product.The BP neural network architecture used in this study contain
three parts: one input layer which has 6 neurons related to melting temperature, injection time, cooling
time, screw displacement, injection pressure and matrix temperature; tow hidden layers with 20
neurons for each one; and one output having 1 neuron representing the mechanical response of
impacted Arboform case, i.e., the maximum von Misses stress.
The particle swarm optimization algorithm is interfaced with this predictive model to optimize process
parameters and thereby significantly improve the mechanical performance. A study regarding cover
phone part made from Arboform is presented. Melting temperature, injection time, cooling time,
screw displacement, injection pressure and matrix temperature are considered as design and process
parameters. Optimum values of process parameters are determined to minimize the maximum von
Misses stress within the Arboform cover phone part against impact. The case study demonstrates that
the proposed optimization method can adjust the process parameters accurately and effectively to
satisfy the demand of real manufacture.
Abstract:
Acknowledgements: This work was supported by the strategic grant POSDRU/159/1.5/S/133652, co-financed by the
European Social Fund within the Sectorial Operational Program Human Resources Development 2007 2013.
Key words: PSO algorithm, impact, warpage, BP neural network, Arboform product.
153

Paper ID: C-44
MODELING THE BEHAVIOR OF LIQUID WOODEN PARTS SUBJECTED

TO MECHANICAL STRESS
Constantin Cruu1 & George Belgiu2
1

2
Politehnica University Timioara, Department of Management,
Blvd. Mihai Viteazul 1, 300222, Timioara, Romnia
The usage of liquid wood to manufacture parts became an opportunity mainly due to
environmental benefits.The research has revealed the behavior of liquid wood samples to different
tests: mechanical, thermal, etc. Also, the research was focused on the technology of manufacturing by
injection of the liquid wood parts.This paper presents the results of modeling by finite element method
(FEM) of the behavior of liquid wood pieces subjected to tensile and bending.The mechanical
properties of liquid wood used for modeling was taken from the different research.The pieces were
modeled in SolidWorks application and the simulation was carried out using the Ansys software
package. The theoretical research revealed differences of less than 11% compared to experimental
research.The results can be used to design liquid wood parts with different shapes.
Abstract:
Keywords: liquid wood, mechanical properties, tensile, bending, MEF.
Paper ID: C-45
SHAPE AND POSITION RECOGNITION OF AN OBJECT USING MATLAB

Viorel Cohal
Corresponding author: Viorel Cohal, cohal@tcm.tuiasi.ro
It is considered the case of a conveyor on which are placed in a random order two types of
same-sized components (cylinders and square cuboids) obtained after a manufacturing process. The
main problem that occurs is selecting and movingthese components in different places according to
their type.
The paper presents the methods of selecting the components based ondifferent techniques of image
acquisition and interpretation. Based on the theoretical results, a practical implementation using
MATLAB of an algorithm which aims to solve the problem is presented. The outputs of the algorithm
are brought into a suitable shape to be processed by an industrial robot which has to take each
component and place them in different areas according to their type.
Abstract:
154

Paper ID: C-46
OPTIMIZING PARAMETERS OF A TECHNICAL SYSTEM USING QUALITY

FUNCTION DEPLOYMENT METHOD
Magdalena Bczkowicz & Aleksander Gwiazda
Corresponding author: Magdalena Bczkowicz, magdalena.baczkowicz@polsl.pl
Nowadays the problem of optimizing parameters of the technical systems is a common issue
for many companies. Final product has to fulfill customer requirements which are becoming more
complicated to translate into measurable technical requirements. The most important ones are called
critical technical requirements and without them the final product cannot be completed. Critical
requirements are the most difficult to implement. Quality Function Deployment (QFD) can help with
that problem by evaluating complete set of assumptions to determine the proper design parameters.
QDF is a method first used by Toyota which helped to reduce costs of introducing a new car into the
market by 60% and shortening product development time by 1/3. This method allows to increase
customer satisfaction and improve the quality of every final product. A summary of the method is to
create a QFD diagram often called the house of quality. Basic general diagram shows (fig.1) customer
requirements and answers how those needs are translated into design requirements. It also gives a view
on how customers and design requirements correspond with each other, assigns weights and evaluate
their relationships.
Abstract:
Figure 1. Quality Function Deployment diagram
The first step in the proposed method would be to select main groups of design parameters and define
clients. The customer is understood not only as a person buying final product but also as a designer. In
the article customers are represented by marketing department and designers by engineering
department. Each department have different needs and the task of QFD is to combine both and chose
their appropriate measured values. Most common requirements from customer point of view are:
effective and practical use, appearance, easy operating, availability, physical proprieties (such as
weight, temperature, type of material, etc.), reliability, environmental. The engineering department will
have measurable requirements such as: dimensions, materials characterization, assembly features,
power and energy consumption, ergonomic parameters, physical and chemical properties, gravity,
cross-sectional shapes, cross-sectional dimensions and others depending on the type of the product.
Key words: quality function deployment, design process.
155

Paper ID: C-47
ESTIMATION OF OVERALL EQUIPMENT EFFECTIVENESS USING

SIMULATION PROGRAMME
Iwona Paprocka1, Wojciech M. Kempa2, Krzystof Kalinowski1 & Cezary Grabowik1
1
2
Kaszubska 23, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
Corresponding author: Iwona Paprocka, iwona.paprocka@polsl.pl
According to the words of Dave Logozzo: "If you're sensitive to the flow, you will easily
notice wastes" companies aim to achieve a production without downtime in their cells or production
lines [1]. Manufacturers aim to eliminate wastes, i.e. anything that does not add a value to a product
[1]. Manufacturers try to establish close cooperation with a client and to produce products of a high
quality and reasonable prices in accordance with changing customer preferences. The two
methodologies are applied for reducing a cycle-time: six-sigma for value-added operations and lean for
non value-added operations. Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) is proposed to measure
continuous improvement initiatives.
Production in manufacturing cells is realized in a tact time to overcome overproduction. The
production capacity is adjusted by decreasing or increasing the tact time up to the maximal utilisation
of given resources. Companies add overtime for existing workers or increase a number of production
cells to meet the capacity constraints. In the paper, OEE is proposed to reduce problems with
availability (breakdown or equipment failure, set-up and adjustment), performance efficiency (idling
and minor stoppage, reduced speed) and product quality (defects and reworks, reduced yield). OEE is
used to maximize performance of existing capacity.
A queuing system of the M/M/2/N type with cyclic failure-free and repair times and cyclic defective
production is used as a model of a two-machine production system. Production tasks arrive according
to an exponential process and are served with normally disturbed processing time. Successive working
(failure-free) times, repair times and defect-free production have exponential distributions. Defective
products can be recirculated and back to the production line according to a Bernoulli distributions. The
objective is to evaluate effectiveness of the production system using OEE before and after introducing
improvement initiatives.
To model the production system the simulation programm Enterprise Dynamics (ED) is applied.
Optimisation is done for the following scenarios: increased and decreased tact time with decreasing
and increasing standby time of service respectively, increased and decreased failure-free time of a
bottle neck. Effect of the intensity of arrivals of production tasks, effect of the speed of processing,
impact of the failure-free, repair times and defect-free times on OEE are summed up running
experiments in ED. Distributions describing mean interarrival time, processing time, repair time,
defect-free time are fitted using Autofit function in ED.
Abstract:
Reference: 1. M. Rother, J. Shook: Learning to see. Value stream mapping to create value and eliminate muda. The lean
enterprise institute, Brookline, Massachusetts, USA 2003.
Key words: performance measurement, overall equipment effectiveness, optimisation, computer simulation, enterprise
dynamics.
156

Paper ID: C-48
TIME SERIES PATTERN RECOGNITION WITH AN IMMUNE ALGORITHM

Iwona Paprocka1, Wojciech M. Kempa2, Cezary Grabowik1 & Krzystof Kalinowski1
1
2
Kaszubska 23, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
Corresponding author: Iwona Paprocka, iwona.paprocka@polsl.pl
Time series pattern recognition is an interesting research field due to their many applications
in making prediction and detection. Genetic algorithms (GA) are often used to time series pattern
recognition problems, for example: Chen et al. [1] elaborated GA for the problem of pattern
recognition for firms stock prices, Canelas et al. [2] elaborated GA for matching a specified chart
pattern to make a buy or sell decision, George [3] proposed GA for series of sunspot data.
In this paper, time series pattern recognition is applied for a damage evolution sequence represented by
a frequency response change due to a damage coefficient occurrence. The objective of this paper is to
present pattern recognition system which can discover dependencies between data entries in time
series. Immune algorithm is used to identify similarity of sequences describing frequency to the
healthy case sequence describing a frequency without a disturbance.
The degree of similarity between sequences of damage-sensitive features is evaluated using pairwise
modified Hamming distance. The relationship between each two test cases is calculated and
neighbourhoods are identified. Sequences belonging to a given neighbourhood should represent a
given type of damage.
The algorithm is tested with clean as well as with noisy chaotic data. In such a problem, a pathogen
codes a sequence describing a damage with a noise, antibodies correspond to damage cases. The
antibody with the shortedst distance to the pathogen is a solution to the problem of pattern recognition
(the type of damage is recognized). An affinity threshold is an input parameter which controls
membership to the neighbourhood. The bigger the affinity threshold is the more antibodies are
stimulated by the pathogen more antibodies recognize the pathogen.
By a number of iterations antibodies from a neighbourhood are cloned and mutated to better match to
the pathogen. In each iteration a similarity between each pair of antibodies in the neighbourhood is
calculated and the best matched time series are memorised. In a suppression process similar clones are
deleted to keep a high diversity of antibodies to recognize the pathogen. A clone is deleted from the
neighbourhood, if it is stimulated by a number of clones higher than or equal to a suppression
parameter.
During simulations of the immune algorithm, the influence of stimulation and suppression parameters
over the ability of time series patterns recognition is examined.
Abstract:
References:
1.Chun-Ho Chen, Vincent S. Tseng, Hsieh-Hui Yu, Tzung Pei Hong: Time series pattern discovery by a PIP-based
evolutionary approach. Soft Computing (2013) 17, 1699-1710.
2.Antonio Canelas, Rui Neves, Nuno Horta: A Sax-Ga approach to evolve investment strategies on financial markets based
on pattern discovery techniques. Expert Systems with Applications 40 (2013), 1579-1590.
3.George G. Szpiro: Forecasting chaotic time series with genetic algorithms. Physical review, volume 55, No. 3.
Key words: time series, immune algorithm, pattern recognition, noisy chaotic data, damage-sensitive features.
157

Paper ID: C-49
AN AUTOMATION OF DESIGN AND MODELLING TASKS IN NX SIEMENS

ENVIRONMENT WITH ORIGINAL SOFTWARE GENERATOR MODULE
Rafa Zbiciak, Cezary Grabowik & Witold Janik
Corresponding author: Rafa Zbiciak, rafal.zbiciak@polsl.pl
Nowadays the design constructional process is almost exclusively aided with

CAD/CAE/CAM systems. It is evaluated that nearly 80% of design activities have a routine nature.
These design routine tasks are highly susceptible to automation. Design automation is usually made
with API tools which allow building original software responsible for adding different engineering
activities. In this paper the original software worked out in order to automate engineering tasks at the
stage of a product geometrical shape design is presented. The elaborated software works exclusively in
NX Siemens CAD/CAM/CAE environment and was prepared in Microsoft Visual Studio with
application of the .NET technology and NX SNAP library. The software functionality allows
designing and modelling of spur and helical involute gears. Moreover it is possible to estimate relative
manufacturing costs. The original software consist of the two main modules it is the Generator module
responsible for designing and modeling of gear wheels geometrical shapes and Cost module used for
estimation of the relative manufacturing costs. The Generator module is the main subject of interest of
this paper whilst the Cost module is the subject of interest of the second paper presented within the
conference. With the Generator module it is possible to design and model both standard and nonstandard gear wheels. The main advantage of the model generated in such a way is its better
representation of involute curve in comparison to those which are drawn in specialized standard CAD
systems tools. It comes from fact that usually in CAD systems involute curve is drawn by 3 points
which responds to points located on the addendum circle, the reference diameter of a gear and the base
circle respectively. In the Generator module the involute curve is drawn by 11 involute points which
are located on and upper the base and the addendum circles therefore 3D gear wheels models are
highly accurate. Application of the Generator module makes the modelling process very rapid so that
the gear wheel modelling time is reduced to several seconds. During the conducted research the
analysis of differences between standard 3 points and 11 points involutes was made. The results and
conclusions drawn upon this analysis are shown in details.
Abstract:
Key words: NX, involute, gear wheel, CAD, FEM.
158

Paper ID: C-50
DRAG PHENOMENA WITHIN A TORQUE CONERTER DRIVEN

AUTOMOTIVE TRANSMISSION
Octavian Alexa, Marin Marinescu, Radu Vilau, Constantin-Ovidiu Ilie
& Valentin Vnturi
Corresponding author: Octavian Alexa, alexa.octavian@gmail.com
When discussing a torque converter driven, automotive transmission with respect to the
vehicles coasting mode, automotive engineers have to take into account the slip between the
converters propeller and turbine. If the turbine isnt locked to the propellers during coasting process,
drag phenomena within the converters fluid occur and they have to be properly assessed when
computing the coasting process dynamics. The best way to make the needed evaluation is to have a
separate torque converter and test it on a test bench, if the data provided by the manufacturer, in this
respect, werent available. But there are several issues that could baffle this action. Among them, one
could find the lack of information from the manufacturer, missing (bankrupted) manufacturer,
classified information, old (out of date) products and so on. An even more challenging situation
consists in dealing with a military special vehicle. Actually, the vehicle that would be subjected to the
following topic is a military tracked, heavy vehicle (MBT) with a planetary driveline, driven by its
engine via a hydraulic torque converter. In the attempt to assess its coasting dynamic performances,
we faced the problem of the reverse rotation of the torque converter that strongly influences the
general drag of the vehicles motion. Hence, this paper tries to provide a method to determine the
transmission overall drag considering the torque converter as being its main contributor. The method is
based on the experimental research our team has performed in the last several months. Using highquality software and adjacent mathematics while assuming a certain sort of flow type within the torque
converter, we aimed at determining the parameter of interest of the flow. The method can be
successfully used for all type of hydrodynamic components of the transmission under the condition of
developing the necessary experimental research. As far as the test were concerned, they were the
typical ones designed to determine - on experimental basis - the mass inertial moments of the
transmission components using the falling weight principle.
Abstract:
Key words: hydrodynamic transmission, torque converter, hydrodynamic friction.
159

Paper ID: C-51
CAPTURING WASTED HEAT FROM AN AIRCONDITIONING UNIT

Mohammed H. Alhamdo, Maathe A. Theeb & Ali S. Golam
University of Al-Mustansirya, College of Engineering, Mechanical Eng. Department, Baghdad. Iraq
Corresponding author: Mohammed H. Alhamdo, profmohamedh@yahoo.com
Abstract: In
this work, focus is taken on developing a waste heat recovery system for capturing potential
of exhaust heat from an air conditioner unit to be reused later. This system has the ability to store heat
in phase change material (PCM) and then release it to a discharge water system when required. To
achieve this goal, a Finned, Water-PCM, Double tube (FWD) system has been developed and tested.
Different profiles of fins attached to the (FWD) system have been investigated for increasing the
thermal conductivity of the PCM. These include using Circular Finned, Water-PCM, Double tube
(CFWD) system; Longitudinal Finned, Water-PCM, Double tube (LFWD) system; Spiral Finned,
Water-PCM, Double tube (SFWD) system; as well as; Without Fins, Water-PCM, Double tube
(WFWD) system. An experimental test rig that attached to an air-conditioner unit has been built to
include 32 tubes of the FWD systems for both vertical and horizontal layouts during charging and
water discharging processes. Transient 3-D, numerical simulations using (ANSYS Fluent14.0
software) have been developed to predict the thermal behavior for all types of FWD systems under
investigation. Results show a significant performance improvement when using spiral and circular fins
during charging process at vertical position. However, longitudinal and without fins showed better
performance in horizontal position. Overall, SFWD system in vertical position has been found to
exhibit the most effective type due to the fastest PCM melting and solidification. As compared to the
WFWD system, the FWD systems have been found to increase the PCM temperature gain of about
15.3% for SFWD system; 8.2% for CFWD; and 4.3% for LFWD system.
Keywords: waste heat recovery, air-conditioner, phase change material, ANSYS.
160

Paper ID: C-52
INTEGRATION OF THE VIRTUAL 3D MODEL OF A CONTROL SYSTEM

WITH THE VIRTUAL CONTROLLER
Krzysztof Herbu & Piotr Ociepka
Corresponding author: Krzysztof Herbu, krzysztof.herbus@polsl.pl
Abstract: The paper presents the problem of integration the virtual 3D model of a control system with the
virtual controller. The purpose of integration is to verify the functioning of analysed object in accordance
with the adopted control program. The object of the simulation work is the drive system of a tunnelling
machine for trenchless work. In the analysed machine could be distinguished: the drive system of
translatory motion, which task is cyclic moving the tunnelling machine in the direction of a driven tunnel;
the drive system of rotary motion, which task is to ensure the continuous operation of the boring ring.
Additionally, the tunnelling machine for trenchless work consists the sub-system including the drive of a
manipulator, which task is to ensure proper coarse grinding of the output. In the first stage of the work was
created interactive visualization of functioning of the 3D model of the tunnelling machine. For this purpose
was used the VR (Virtual Reality) software. In the elaborated interactive application were created adequate
procedures enabling to control the drive system of translatory motion, of rotary motion, and of manipulator.
Also was elaborated the procedure enabling turning on an off of the output grinding head mounted on the
last segment of the manipulator. Actuators in each control sub-systems are four hydraulic cylinders of
linear motion (drive system of translator motion of the whole tunnelling machine), four hydraulic motors of
rotary motion (the boring ring drive system), five hydraulic cylinders of linear motion (the drive system of
the manipulator) and one hydraulic motor of rotary motion (the output grinding head drive system). Taking
into consideration the scope of conducted researches concerning verification of functioning the 3D model
of the tunnelling machine for trenchless work from all its elements it has been fully modelled the drive
systems and power transmission ones. In the created interactive application have been established
procedures for data downloading from an external application on the basis of dynamic data exchange
(DDE), which allows controlling actuators of each analysed drive system. It is assumed that the control is
based on a binary signal taking the values of 0 or 1 (true or false). In the next stage of work the control
program of a virtual controller was created using the ladder diagram (LD) language. The control program
was developed on the basis of the given work cycle of the tunnelling machine. The first should be started
the hydraulic motors of rotary motion which, by the transmission system should start the boring ring. Then
should be started the hydraulic cylinders of linear motion moving the whole tunnelling machine. At the
same time should be started motors of the manipulator and of the output grinding head. The whole machine
is moved, in one cycle, by the distance equal to the width of the tubing used to reinforce the bored part of
the tunnel preventing the phenomenon of land sliding. The element integrating the virtual model of the
tunnelling machine for trenchless work with the virtual controller is an application written in a high level
language (Visual Basic). In the developed application were created procedures responsible for downloading
data from running, in a simulation mode, the virtual controller and for transferring them to the interactive
application in which is verified functioning of the analysed object. The carried out work allowed the
integration of the virtual model of the control system of the tunnelling machine with the virtual controller
enabling the verification of its design and functioning.
Key words: virtual controller, VR system, virtual model, simulation, integration.
161

Paper ID: C-53
ANALYSIS OF THE HEXAPOD WORK SPACE USING INTEGRATION

OF A CAD/CAE SYSTEM AND THE LABVIEW SOFTWARE
Krzysztof Herbu & Piotr Ociepka
Corresponding author: Krzysztof Herbu, krzysztof.herbus@polsl.pl
Abstract: The paper presents the problems related to the integration of a CAD/CAE system with the
LabVIEW software. The purpose of the integration is to determine the workspace of a hexapod model
basing on a mathematical model describing it motion. Stationary hexapod (Stewart platform) is the main
executive system of a driving simulator for people with lower limb disabilities. On the Stewart platform is
mounted the fiat panda car that has been mechanically modified. Modifications included the moving of
mechanical systems, which are not required for proper operation of a driving simulator (e.g.: transmission
gearbox, suspension). The described system is connected to the control cabinet, which is responsible for the
proper operation of the Stewart platform and for cooperation with a virtual environment in which the car
avatar is moving. Information from the virtual environment and from control elements of the modified car
(gas pedal, brake one, clutch one, lights controls and speed indicator) are forwarded as inputs to the control
cabinet. In this cabinet, basing on acquired information obtained from stored mathematical model, decision
are made concerning the mode of "behave" of the Stewart platform. It should be noted that the method of
driving the modified vehicle does not differ from that of driving a car moving in the real traffic. This is due
to the fact that all control elements (gas pedal, brake one, clutch one, lights controls and speed indicator)
from the point of view of the driver look and function identically as in an unmodified car. The whole
simulator completes the virtual world image projection system, which consists of four multimedia
projectors and four large screens. Three of them are connected to each other and allow realizing the
projection of the driver's front and sides view, and rear screen allows to ride "over the shoulder" and
control traffic by rear mirror mounted inside the cabin of the car. In the first stage of the work concerning
the integration task the 3D model to simulate movements of a hexapod was elaborated. This phase of the
work was done in the "Motion Simulation" module of the CAD/CAE/CAM Siemens NX system. The first
step was to define the components of the 3D model in the form of "links". Individual links were defined
according to the nature of the hexapod elements action. In the model prepared for movement simulation
were created links corresponding to such elements as: electric actuator, top plate, bottom plate, ball-andsocket joint, toggle joint Phillips. Then were defined the constraints of the "joint" type (e.g.: revolute
joint, slider joint, sperical joint) between the created component of the "link type, so that the computer
simulation corresponds to the operation of a real Stewart platform. The next stage of work included
implementing the mathematical model describing the functioning of a hexapod in the LabVIEW software.
At this stage, particular attention was paid to determining procedures for integrating the virtual 3D hexapod
model with the results of calculations performed in the LabVIEW. The results relate to specific values of
the jump of electric actuators depending on the position of the car on the platform. The use of integration
made it possible to determine the safe operating space of a stationary hexapod taking into consideration the
security of a person in the driving simulator designed for the disabled.
Key words: hexapod, CAD/CAE system, virtual model, working space, integration.
162

Paper ID: C-54
THE LABORATORY STATION FOR TYRES GRIP TESTING

ON DIFFERENT SURFACES
Krzysztof Kalinowski, Cezary Grabowik, Witold Janik, Grzegorz wika
& Micha Skowera
Corresponding author: Grzegorz wika, grzegorz.cwikla@polsl.pl
The paper presents the conception of the device for tyre grip testing in the laboratory
conditions. The main purpose is to provide a device working in confined spaces, which enables rapid
changes of the tested samples of the road surfaces. Among the key assumptions the minimization of
the device dimensions and the relative ease of mobility and transportation the ability to quick
assemble and disassemble were also assumed. Due to the large range of sizes of wheel rims, the
projected device should be allowed to mounting and testing of the widest possible range of rims sizes.
Working in confined spaces also requires compliance with standards for acceptable noise and emission
of substances harmful to health. In the construction of the device the existing standards in the field of
tyre grip measuring were taken into account, among others PN-ISO 23671, PN93/C94300/009 and PN88/C-94300/030. The developed device for tyre grip testing belongs to the group of machines, socalled free wheel rolling, with specified angle deflection from the wheel rolling direction. The main
components of the projected station includes: the replaceable platform for mounting samples of a road
surface, the roller conveyor, the drive of the platform, the wheel mounting assembly and the axial
force measuring system. In the presented constructional solution the platform for samples is formed on
the base of a rectangular steel frame, on which the piece of tested road surface is placed. The platform
is mounted on a roller conveyor that alows it to move along a fixed direction and carry the wheel load.
For driving the platform the hydraulic actuator was selected. This solution allows carrying large loads,
variable speed control (using flow control) and simulation of overloading. Lack of gears and rotating
elements significantly reduces noise level. The basic measured value is the axial force acting on the
shaft on which the wheel is mounted. For a force measuring the digital load sensor TECSIS F12131-110 having 0-1kN range and accuracy of 0.1% was applied. The additional measured value is the kinetic
friction between the tire and road surface. Speed sensor used here is based on a linear magnetic
transducer. This kind of sensors is characterized by high accuracy combined with high resistance to
vibration.
Abstract:
Key words: tyres grip testing, laboratory test station, force measurement, friction, rolling resistance.
163

Paper ID: C-55
APPLICATION OF THE MIAS METHODOLOGY IN DESIGN OF THE DATA

ACQISITION SYSTEM FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT
Grzegorz wika, Damian Krenczyk, Adrian Kampa & Grzegorz Goda
Corresponding author: Grzegorz wika, grzegorz.cwikla@polsl.pl
Acquisition of data on the state of production system is crucial in the management of

company, because access to real-time information describing the state of production system (including
completion of production orders, state of crew, machinery and equipment, OEE, flow of material and
semi-finished products, etc.) is the basis for decision making in every company. Detailed issues of data
acquisition and data sources, as well as fundamentals of the MIAS (Manufacturing Information
Acquisition System) methodology itself was described in prior publications, thus only main rules will
be reminded here. Availability of data in any given company strongly depends on specific of its
production processes (discrete, batch, continuous), branch of industry, level of automation and manual
operations, etc. In modern company acquisition of data on the state of the production system should be
carried-on automatically, mostly without involvement of workers. The MIAS methodology is an
example of multi-stage, multi-level methodology, where process of development of data acquisition
system, understood as a set of cooperating hardware and software solutions, is divided into 3 main
stages: analysis of various aspects of the company in which MIAS is applied, synthesis of technical
and organisational solutions, and evaluation of proposed solutions. There are 4 proposed levels of
analysis: level of company as a system, level of data sources, level of data pre-processing, and level of
communication. This paper presents example of application of the MIAS methodology in the company
leading continuous, automated production processes Central Wastewater Treatment Plant (CWWTP)
in Gliwice, Poland. Overview of both analysis and synthesis of organisational solutions, data sources,
data pre-processing and communication interfaces had been presented. The stage of analysis covered
i.e.: organisational structure of the company, IT systems used in the company, specifics of
technological processes, machines and equipment, structure of control systems, assignments of crew
members, materials used in the technological processes. During the stage of synthesis of technical and
organisational solutions of MIAS for CWWTP, the solutions covering MIAS architecture and
connections with other IT systems, data sources in production system that are currently available and
newly created, data pre-processing procedures, and necessary communication interfaces had been
proposed. The main reason to create information acquisition system for CWWTP was to provide better
information of usage of equipment and assignments of crew members for better management of
production system, as well as to create complete database containing data on operation of wastewater
treatment plant, necessary for fulfilling law requirements concerning compulsory information on the
chemical composition of intake wastewater and outtake water cleaned during mechanical and
biological treatment processes.
Abstract:
Key words: manufacturing information acquisition system (MIAS), data acquisition, SCADA, sensors, automatic
identification systems, OEE.
164

Paper ID: C-56
MATERIAL FLOW SIMULATION FAR AN ASSEMBLY LINE

11 pt)
Ioana Catalina Enache & Ana-Maria Avramescu

(11 pt)
Politehnica University of Bucharest, Faculty of Aerospace Engineering,
313 Splaiul Independentei Street, 060042, Bucuresti, Romania
(10 pt)
(11 pt)
Corresponding author: Enache Ioana-Catalina, dobre.catalina@yahoo.fr
Modeling and simulation are methods for solving problems in the analysis of complex
systems. It is a technique often used in industrial engineering for viewing, analysis and prognosis the
performance of a real system or a new implemented system. We define the simulation modeling as a
process that mimics the actual system response to events that occur over time. Once the system was
clearly defined, the next step is to translate the information achieved in a simulation model. Testing
requirements can be analyzed only after building a virtual model for the real system studied. The
virtual model responds to the information entered by the operator as input parameters. If they are
incorrectly distributed, you get a wrong model, and studied system is unsustainable. In this article we
propose to carry out a study on the optimization of an assembly line for refrigerators based on results
obtained from the simulations. Assembly line optimization has in order to increase the productivity
with the aim to satisfy the market demand without compromising quality and price. Optimization of
the assembly line is a multi-criteria decision-making problem involving theoretical and experimental
research efforts. Optimization criteria can be: technological, economic, conceptual and ergonomic. The
goal is to increase production capacity by streamlining the flow of the assembly line. All of the
methods and techniques applied in this assembly line are designed to increase efficiency activities.
Will be detailed the steps that must be followed to simulate the assembly process. Will be identified
problem areas and will be proposed solutions to optimize the assembly line. Before the implementation
of the proposed solutions will be achieved a simulation of the entire assembly lines. Assembly line
optimization will be achieved in two stages and for each stagewill be achieved a process simulation to
see the system behaviour. On the assembly line the proposed solutions will be implemented from
downstream to upstream to avoid creating bottlenecks. The studied process simulation will indicate
flow concentrators that must be eliminated. After simulation the results obtained after optimization
will be compare with the initial ones. For modeling and simulation of assembly process was used Plant
Simulation software.
Abstract:
Key words: simulation, virtual model, assembly line, material flow, productivity.
165

Paper ID: C-57
THE ROLE OF THE PRODUCTION SCHEDULING SYSTEM

IN RESCHEDULING
Krzysztof Kalinowski1, Cezary Grabowik1, Wojciech Kempa2 & Iwona Paprocka1
1
2
Corresponding author: Krzysztof Kalinowski, krzysztof.kalinowski@polsl.pl
Abstract: The
paper presents the rescheduling problem in the context of cooperation between production
scheduling system (PSS) and other units in an integrated manufacturing environment decision
makers and software systems. The main aim is to discuss the PSS functionality for maximizing
automatisation of the rescheduling process, reducing the response time and improving the quality of
generated solutions. PSSs operate in the meeting of tactical and operational level of planning and
control, and play an important role in the production preparation and control. On the basis of
information about orders, technology and production system state (e.g. resources availability) they
prepare and/or update a detailed plan of production flow a schedule. All necessary data for
scheduling and rescheduling are usually collected in other systems both from organizational and
technical production preparation. Depending on the particular implementation these data are obtained
from several various classes of systems, e.g. ERP, PLM, MES, CAPP or other dedicated systems used
in an enterprise, as well as they are entered directly by the decision-makers / operators from different
locations in the organizational structure of the company. Data acquired in this way are often
incomplete and inconsistent. Therefor the existing rescheduling software works according to
interactive method rather support but does not replace the human decision maker in tasks planning.
When rescheduling, due to the limited amount of time to make a decision this interaction is
particularly important. An additional problem arises in data acquisition, the proper exchange of data
between systems or in the identification of new data sources and their processing. Among the most
important decision-making problems in resheduling the following can be mentioned: detection of
disturbances and identification of their parameters, the decision about the schedule correction
immediate, postponed or not required, making proper changes in the scheduling model, determination
of the resheduling method, creation a set of operations to reschedule and a set of evaluation criteria ect.
But whether in the scheduling system all these decisions should be implemented or only some of them
remain an open question. Different approaches to rescheduling were characterized, including those
solutions, where all these operations are carried out by an autonomous system and those in which
scheduling is performed only upon request from the outside, for the newly created scheduling data
representing the current state of the production system.
Keywords: resheduliung, scheduling, production scheduling system, production planning, integrated manufacturing.
166

Paper ID: C-58
COMPUTER-AIDED MODELLING AND ANALYSIS OF ROAD

INFRASTRUCTURE ELEMENTS EXCITED BY TRAFFIC
Marek Paczek
Paper presents computer-aided modelling of the road infrastructure elements different types
of protective barriers. Considered elements were modelled using Siemens NX 8.5 system and analysed
using Finite Element Method. The modal analysis of different systems configurations that are usually
used in road infrastructure was carried out. Also simulation of vibration excited by traffic was done in
order to analyse the dynamical response of considered elements. Natural frequencies and modes of
vibrations were calculated. Results were considered in order to find the most flexible elements of the
structure and to verify its deflections. In the work two basic types of protective barriers, marked A and
B, are analysed. Also different distance between brackets used for mounting barriers was verified in
order to verify its influence on the system dynamical response. A series of analysis was done taking
into account different parameters of the system excitation that represent acting of different kind of
passing vehicles (cars, trucks) and different distance of the passing vehicle from the protective barrier.
Execution of the work aims at the acquisition of new knowledge of the phenomena occurring during
the propagation of vibration energy generated by passing vehicles on the infrastructure and the
possibility of measuring the dynamic response of these elements, as well as analysis of the received
signals to their use in modern traffic surveillance systems. The purpose of the whole project is to verify
the possibility to apply piezoelectric transducers on analysed elements and use them as sensors that
generate signals used in traffic surveillance systems. As surveillance systems are considered
innovative methods of controlling the road infrastructure, such as lighting, traffic lights, information
signs or control of vehicular traffic. In order to measure vibrations of the considered system Macro
Fiber Composite (MFC) piezoelectric foils or piezoelectric foils made of Polyvinylidene Fluoride
(PVDF) will be proposed. Presented paper is an introduction to this project that gives the basic
information about analysed systems and their behaviour under excitation by passing vehicles. This
knowledge is very important to develop the proposed system. It is very important to verify if such kind
of systems can be controlled by the analysis of the dynamic response of road infrastructure.
Abstract:
Key words: modelling, analysis, smart materials, sensors, piezoelectric transducers, road infrastructure.
167

Paper ID: C-59
INFLUENCE OF THE EXCITATION PARAMETERS OF THE MECHANICAL

SUBSYSTEM ON EFFECTIVENESS OF ENERGY HARVESTING SYSTEM
Andrzej Buchacz, Wacaw Bana & Marek Paczek
presents results of influence analysis of the vibrating mechanical subsystems excitation

parameters on the effectiveness of the system designed for energy harvesting. Influence of the
systems fixing (boundary conditions) was also considered. The considered vibrating system is a
composite plate with piezoelectric transducers bonded to its surface. Vibrations of the system are
excited by means of an actuator with possibility to change the excitation amplitude and frequency.
Recovering of electrical energy from mechanical vibrations is possible by using the direct piezoelectric
effect generation of the electric voltage while the transducer is mechanically deformed. In carried out
test Macro Fiber Composite (MFC) piezoelectric transducers were used. MFC transducer is consists of
rectangular piezo ceramic rods sandwiched between layers of adhesive, electrodes and polyimide film.
Main benefits of the MFC given by the manufacturer are: increased strain actuator efficiency, damage
tolerance, environmentally sealed packages, available as elongators and contractors.
The development of piezoelectric transducers allows new applications of such kind of materials and
improves operation of existing devices. One of those applications is energy harvesting recovering of
the electrical energy from vibrations. Systems designed for such kind of operations can not generate a
huge power but their advantage is that the energy is recovered from phenomenons that are unavoidable
and normally it would be lost. What is more such kind of energy production allows design systems that
work in difficult conditions, where other ways of supplying is difficult or impossible. For example it is
impossible to use wires or replace discharged batteries. This is why nowadays a lot of research works
are concerned with energy harvesting.
In this work results of measurements carried out on laboratory stand are presented. A series of tests
with different types of MFC transducers (types P2 and P3) with different field of active area were
carried out. Also the influence of excitation parameters on the systems effectiveness was verified, as
well as, the influence of the mechanical subsystem fixing. Measured data were acquired using the real
time computer CopactRIO produced by National Instruments and analysed using LabVIEW software.
Obtained results were juxtaposed and analysed. This work was a first step of the research project that
aim is an implementation of the energy harvesting system on real objects and use of the generated
electrical energy to supply systems with low energy consumption.
Abstract: Work
Key words: energy harvesting, smart materials, sensors, piezoelectric transducers, macro fiber Composite, testing.
168

Paper ID: C-60
SPECIAL EFFECTS USED IN CREATING 3D ANIMATED SCENES PART I

Ana-Maria Avramescu
Politehnica University of Bucharest, Romania, Department of Engineering Graphics and Industrial Design,
Splaiul Independentei st., No. 313, sector 6, Bucharest, Romania
Corresponding author: Ana-Maria Avramescu, avr_ana@yahoo.com
In present, with the help of computer, we can create special effects that look so real that we
almost dont perceive them as being different. These special effects are somehow hard to differentiate
from the real elements like those on the screen. With the increasingly accesible 3D field that has more
and more areas of application, the 3D technology goes easily from arhitecture to product designing.
Real like 3D animations are used as means of learning, for multimedia presentations of big global
corporations, for special effects and even for virtual actors in movies. Technology, as part of the movie
art, is considered a prerequisite but the cinematography is the first art that had to wait for the correct
intersection of technological development, inovation and human vision in order to attain full
achievement. Increasingly more often, the majority of industries is using 3D sequences (three
dimensional). 3D represented graphics, commercials and special effects from movies are all designed
in 3D. The key for attaining real visual effects is to successfully combine various distinct elements:
characters, objects, images and video scenes; like all these elements represent a whole that works in
perfect harmony. This article aims to exhibit a game design from these days. Considering the advanced
technology and futuristic vision of designers, nowadays we have different and multifarious game
models. Special effects are decisively contributing in the creation of a realistic three-dimensional
scene. These effects are essential for transmitting the emotional state of the scene. Creating the special
effects is a work of finesse in order to achieve high quality scenes. Special effects can be used to get
the attention of the onlooker on an object from a scene. Out of the conducted study, the best selling
game of the year 2010 was Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2. This way, the article aims for the
presented scene to be similar with many locations from this type of games, more precisely, a place
from the Middle East, a very popular subject among game developers.
Abstract:
Key words: inovation, design, 3D, special effects, animation.
169

Paper ID: C-61
CREATING PHOTO-REALISTIC WORKS IN A 3D SCENE USING LAYES

STYLES TO CREATE AN ANIMATION
Ana-Maria Avramescu & Ioana-Ctlina Enache
Politehnica University of Bucharest, Romania, Department of Engineering Graphics and Industrial Design,
Splaiul Independentei st., No. 313, sector 6, Bucharest, Romania
Corresponding author: Ana-Maria Avramescu, avr_ana@yahoo.com
Abstract: Creating
realist objects in a 3D scene is not an easy work. We have to be very careful to make
the creation very detailed. If we dont know how to make these photo-realistic works, by using the
techniques and a good reference photo we can create an amazing amount of detail and realism. For
example, in this article there are some of these detailed methods from which we can learn the
techniques necessary to make beautiful and realistic objects in a scene. More precisely, in this paper,
we present how to create a 3D animated scene, mainly using the Pen Tool and Blending Options.
Indeed, this work is based on teaching some simple ways of using the Layer Styles to create some
great shadows, lights, textures and a realistic sense of 3 Dimension. The present work involves also
showing how some interesting ways of using the illuminating and rendering options can create a
realistic effect in a scene. Moreover, this article shows how to create photo realistic 3d models from a
digital image. The present work proposes to present how to use Illustrator paths, texturing, basic
lighting and rendering, how to apply textures and how to parent the building and objects components.
We also propose to use this proposition to recreate smaller details or 3D objects from a 2d image.
After a critic art stage, we are able now to present in this paper the architecture of a design method that
proposes to create an animation. The aim is to create a conceptual and methodological tutorial to
address this issue both scientifically and in practice. This objective also includes proposing, on strong
scientific basis, a model that gives the possibility of a better understanding of the techniques necessary
to create a realistic animation.
Key words: realistic objects, layes styles, textures, rendering and lighting.
170

Paper ID: C-62
AN AUTOMATION OF DESIGN AND MODELING TASKS IN NX SIEMENS

ENVIRONMENT WITH ORIGINAL SOFTWARE COST MODULE
Rafa Zbiciak, Cezary Grabowik & Witold Janik
Corresponding author: Rafa Zbiciak, rafal.zbiciak@polsl.pl
The design constructional process is a creation activity which strives to fulfil, as well as it
possible at the certain moment of time, all demands and needs formulated by a user taking into account
social, technical and technological advances. Engineer knowledge and skills and their inborn abilities
have the greatest influence on the final product quality and cost. They have also deciding influence on
product technical and economic value. Taking into account above it seems to be advisable to make
software tools which aid an engineer in the process of manufacturing cost estimation. The Cost module
is built with analytical procedures which are used for relative manufacturing cost estimation. As in the
case of the Generator module the Cost module was written in object programming language C# in
Visual Studio environment. During the research the following eight factors, which have the greatest
influence on overall manufacturing cost, were distinguished and defined: (i) a gear wheel teeth type it
is straight or helicoidal, (ii) a gear wheel design shape A, B with or without wheel hub, (iii) a gear
tooth module, (iv) teeth number, (v) gear face width, (vi) gear wheel material, (vii) heat treatment or
thermochemical treatment, (viii) accuracy class. Knowledge of parameters (i) to (v) is indispensable
for proper modeling of 3D gear wheels models in CAD system environment. These parameters are also
processed in the Cost module. The last three parameters it is (vi) to (viii) are exclusively used in the
Cost module. The estimation of manufacturing relative cost is based on indexes calculated for each
particular parameter. Estimated in this way the manufacturing relative cost gives an overview of
design parameters influence on the final gear wheel manufacturing cost. This relative manufacturing
cost takes values from 0.00 to 1.00 range. The bigger index value the higher relative manufacturing
cost is. Verification whether the proposed algorithm of relative manufacturing costs estimation has
been designed properly was made by comparison of the achieved from the algorithm results with those
obtained from industry. This verification has indicated that in most cases both group of results are
similar. Taking into account above it is possible to draw a conclusion that the Cost module can play
significant role in design constructional process by adding an engineer at the selection stage of
alternative gear wheels design. It should be remembered that real manufacturing cost can differ
significantly according to available in a factory manufacturing techniques and stock of machine tools.
Abstract:
Key words: NX, realitve manufacturing cost, gear wheel, CAD, CAPP.
171

Paper ID: C-62
A SURVEY ON METHODS OF DESIGN FEATURES IDENTIFICATION

Cezary Grabowik1, Krzysztof Kalinowski1, Iwona Paprocka1 & Wojciech Kempa2
1
2
Silesian University of Technology, The Faculty of Applied Mathematics, Institute of Mathematics,
Konarskiego 23A Str., 44100, Gliwice, Poland
Corresponding author: Cezary Grabowik, cezary.grabowik@polsl.pl
Currently design features are considered as one of the most attractive integration method of
most fields of engineering activities such as a design modelling, process planning or production
scheduling. One of the most important tasks which are realized in the integration process of design and
planning functions is translation meant as design data mapping into data which are important from
process planning needs point of view it is manufacturing data. A design geometrical shape translation
process can be realised with application one of the following strategies: (i) designing with previously
prepared design features library also known as DBF method it is design by feature, (ii) interactive
design features recognition IFR, (iii) automatic design features recognition AFR. In case of the DBF
method design geometrical shape is created with design features. There are two basic approaches for
design modelling in DBF method it is classic in which a part design is modelled from beginning to end
with application design features previously stored in a design features data base and hybrid where part
is partially created with standard predefined CAD system tools and the rest with suitable design
features. Automatic feature recognition consist in an autonomic searching of a product model
represented with a specific design representation method in order to find those model features which
might be potentially recognised as design features, manufacturing features, etc. This approach needs
the searching algorithm to be prepared. The searching algorithm should allow to carry on the whole
recognition process without a user supervision. Currently there are lots of AFR methods. These
methods need the product model to be represented with B-Rep representation most often, CSG rarely,
wireframe very rarely. In the IFR method potential features are being recognised by a user. This
process is most often realised by a user who points out those surfaces which seem to belong to a
currently identified feature. In the IFR method system designer defines a set of features and sets a
collection of recognition process parameters. It allows to unambiguously identify individual features in
automatic or semi-automatic way directly in CAD system or in an external application to which the
part model might be transferred. Additionally a user is able to define non-geometrical information such
as: overall dimensions, surface roughness etc. In this paper a survey on methods of features
identification and recognition is presented especially in context of AFR and IFR methods.
Abstract:
Key words: CAPP, design feature, manufacturing feature, AFR, IFR, DBF.
172

Paper ID: C-64
THE USE OF ECDIS EQUIPMENT TO ACHIEVE OPTIMUM VALUE FOR

ENERGY EFFICIENCY OPERATION INDEX
Nicoleta Acomi1, Ovidiu Cristian Acomi 2 & Simona Ghi3
1
Constanta Maritime University, Faculty of Navigation, 104 Mircea cel Batran Street, 900663, Constanta, Romania
2
Project Masters Nigeria Ltd., Marine Manager, Km 14, Port Harcourt Aba Expressway, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
3
Constanta Maritime University, Faculty of Electromecanics, 104 Mircea cel Batran Street, 900663, Constanta, Romania
Corresponding author: Nicoleta Acomi, nicoleta.acomi@cmu-edu.eu
Abstract: To
reduce air pollution produced by ships International Maritime Organization has developed
a set of technical, operational and management measures. The subject of our research addresses to
operational measures for minimizing CO2 air emissions and the way how the emission value could be
influenced by external factors regardless of ship-owners willing. Due to the main purpose of the
vessel, to carry goods for different distances, the proposed instrument for achieving the air emissions is
more than a quantitative measure. This concept is Energy Efficiency Operational Index (EEOI) and
represents the amount of emissions related to vessel's performances.
This study aims analyzing the CO2 emissions for one voyage performed by one oil/chemical tanker,
loaded from the departure port to the port of discharge and the ballast voyage between the port of
discharge and a new destination for taking in cargo. The formula that allows us to calculate Energy
Efficiency Operational Index involves estimation of distances, marine fuel type and quantity of cargo.
The distances are initial calculated by the passage plan of the voyage, completed before starting the
voyage considering a sum of factors from which the most important for this study are the speed of the
vessel and the estimated time of arrival. The type of marine fuel has not been changed during the
voyage and the same the quantity of cargo carried out.
The Energy Efficiency Operational Index is obtained using one software developed for this purpose
and to calculate the voyages legs the authors used electronic chart system software. During the
voyage, due to meteorological conditions and change of berthing prospect the vessel was required to
change some of the initial parameters. Therefore acting on the voyage parameters, distances and
related speeds, this study will emphasize the influence over the EEOI value. The electronic chart
display and information system, ECDIS Software will be used for adjusting the passage plan in real
time for two situations: weather conditions and change of estimated day of arrival. That way it will be
possible to compare the estimated EEOI value with the real one determined on board vessel
considering the external factors.
The results of this study reveal the importance of using ECDIS software functions for achieving
relevant values for Energy efficiency operational index and CO2 emissions and they represent a
measure of changing EEOI related to meteorological condition.
Key words: energy efficiency, air emissions, EEOI, electronic charts, marine pollution.
173

Paper ID: C-65
COORDINATE MEASURING MACHINE DRIVE SYSTEMS DESIGN

Aurel Tulcan, Liliana Tulcan & Daniel Stan
Politehnica University of Timioara, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering,
Blvd. Mihai Viteazu nr.1, 300222, Timisoara, Romania
Corresponding author: Aurel Tulcan, aurel.tulcan@upt.ro
Coordinate metrology has become essential for industrial dimensional metrology. The
functionality of products often requires parts with a high geometric accuracy that needs highly accurate
metrology equipment to be measured. Coordinate measuring machines (CMMs) are measuring devices
that are able to measure and evaluate the geometrical features of very sophisticated geometrically
parts. CMMs have come a long way since the early models and for the consolidated architectures in
the course of the years one of the actual tendencies is to improve their accuracy and dynamic
parameters. On the other hand, in many companies there are many older generation of coordinate
measuring machines, manually or DCC controlled, whose performance can be improved by a retrofit
action.
The paper presents an approach concerning the CMM drive systems design. The first stage of the
research deals with the acquisition and the development of knowledge about the main drive system
generally used to motorize a CMM. According to this approach, the linear drive nut has chosen for the
CMM because this drive system ensures an optimal ratio between performance, compact design and
price. During the driving of the moving parts of a CMM is very important to not introduce rotation or
perpendicular displacements on the linear moving direction due to the alignment errors of the drive
system and guides.
Compared to the moving bridge and carriage driving systems, the ram driving system requires
additional precautions. The ram is the CMM part that carries the probe system and moves in vertical
direction, except horizontal arm CMMs. In order to maintain the ram in a certain position or to assure
the optimum performance of the drive system during the up and down moving it is necessary to
balance the ram weight. After analyzing the main ways of balancing the ram weight, the counterweight
balancing has chosen as optimal solution. The new design allows the ram moving along the Z-axis
guide without additional mechanical stress. In this case, the counterweight is driven by the Z drive
system while the ram is moving free along the Z-axis guide given by the air bearings. Finally, the drive
systems design solutions for the X, Y, and Z-axis during the retrofit action of a coordinate measuring
machine are presented.
Abstract:
Key words: 3D metrology, measurement, CMMs, linear drive system, CMM design.
174

Paper ID: C-66
COLD FLOW SIMULATION OF AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

WITH VERTICAL VALVES USING LAYERING APPROACH
George Martina, Liviu-Constantin Stan & Andreea Arsenie
Maritime University of Constanta, 104 Mircea cel Batran Street, 900663, Constanta, Romania
Coresponding author: George Martina, georgemartinas@ceronav.ro
Development of any internal combustion engine is driven primarily by fuel efficiency and
emission requirements. This requires refinement of the in-cylinder flow, mixture formation and
combustion processes. Design optimization of the intake/exhaust port, valves and piston bowl is
essential to realize the above mentioned requirements. The use of Computational Fluid Dynamics
(CFD) along with optimization tools can help shorten the design optimization cycle time. Traditional
approach of experiments using flow bench testing is very costly as well as time consuming. Moreover
CFD allows insight into the minute flow details which otherwise are not capture using flow bench
tests. Air motion inside the intake manifold is one of the important factors, which govern the engine
performance and emission of multi-cylinder diesel engines. Any cold flow study on IC is targeting the
process of identifying and improving the fluid flow inside the ports and the combustion chamber. This
is only the base for an optimization process targeting to increase the volume of air accessing the
combustion space and to increase the turbulence of the air at the end of the compression stage. One of
the first conclusions will be that the valve diameter is a fine tradeoff between the need for a bigger
diameter involving a grater mass of air filling the cylinder, and the need of a smaller diameter in order
to reduce the blind zone. Here there is room for optimization studies. The relative pressure indicates a
suction effect coming from the moving piston. The more the shape of the inlet port is smoother and the
diameter of the piston is bigger, the aerodynamic resistance of the geometry will be smaller so that the
difference of inlet port pressure and the pressure near to piston face will be smaller. Here again there is
enough room for more optimization studies.
Abstract:
Keywords: cold flow simulation, combustion engines, finite volume analysis.
175

Paper ID: C-67
DATA FILTRATION ORIGINAL ALGORITHM FOR THE COMPUTER

BASED CALCULUS OF THE STRESSES WITHIN AN ANALYTICAL MODEL
Emil Oanta1, Cornel Panait1, Adrian Sabau1, Constantin Dumitrache1 & Anca Dascalescu2
1
Constanta Maritime University, Faculty of Electro-Mechanics,

2
Politehnica University of Bucharest, Faculty of Power Engineering, 313 Splaiul Independentei,
Sector 6, 060042, Bucharest, Romania
Computer based studies in engineering usually use three types of investigation methods:
analytical, numerical and experimental studies. Complex phenomena may be modelled using these
sources of information together with a strategy to integrate the studies in a unique overview level of
understanding. These computer based studies offer a large amount of data which must be interpreted
by the analyst. A method to have a quick vision regarding the data is to use diagrams, graphs and
generally, visual information. In this context, automatic calculus in structural studies based on analytic
models uses various methods to define the domain and to perform the according calculi. The authors
have an extensive experience regarding the original computer aided analytical models. In this way, the
calculus domain in cross sectional related problems was modelled using a Boolean algebra which uses
addition and subtracting math operations using some simple geometrical shapes. The definition of
these subdomains takes into account several aspects. An important aspect regards the points where the
maximum stresses might be found inside these simple shape bodies. In this way, the points inside a
simple shape which is a part of a domain, may offer the location of the maximum stresses inside the
entire cross section. All the points inside these simple shapes which are used to define the cross
section are included in a large collection of points at the entire cross-section level. In a computer
graphical representation of the stresses, for any point inside the cross section may be assigned a color
related to the scale of the overall stresses. However, beside this visual method to provide information
about the state of stresses there must be also considered general criteria to locate the extreme stresses.
The purpose of our study is to find the most intelligent criteria to select the smallest subset of points
from the large collection of points belonging to the simple shapes included in the entire cross section.
In this way the first stage was to conceive a set of criteria to generate the minimum number of points in
each type of simple shape, taking into account the regions where the maximum values may be found
for both normal and shear stresses. The second stage was to conceive a set of analytical criteria for the
filtration of the large collection of points. These criteria must take into consideration the regions where
the maximum normal and shear stresses may be found in an inhomogeneous cross section and the
constraints of the algorithm. One of the most important consequences of this algorithm is the automatic
analytical calculus of the extreme stresses in a generally defined inhomogeneous cross section.
Abstract:
Key words: data filtration original algorithm, extreme stresses locations, inhomogeneous cross section, constraints.
176

Paper ID: C-68
APPROXIMATION METHOD TO COMPUTE DOMAIN RELATED

INTEGRALS IN STRUCTURAL STUDIES
Emil Oanta, Cornel Panait, Alexandra Raicu, Mihaela Barhalescu & Tiberiu Axinte
Constanta Maritime University, Faculty of Electro-Mechanics,
Various engineering calculi use integral calculus in theoretical models, i.e. analytical and
numerical models. For common problems, integrals are replaced by their mathematical exact solutions.
If the region over which the integration is performed is complicated, there are several methods used to
calculate the integral. The first idea is to divide the domain in smaller sub-domains for which there are
direct calculus relations. For instance, in strength of materials the bending moment in discrete points
may be calculated using the graphical integration of the shear force diagram which usually has a
simple shape. Another example is in mathematics where the area of a subgraph may be approximated
by a set of rectangles or trapezoids in order to calculate the definite integral. The purpose of the work
is to present our studies regarding the calculus of the integrals over the cross-sectional domains,
computer aided solutions and a new generalization methods. Our research is dedicated to the creation
of general computer based methods to perform calculi in structural studies, being considered a Boolean
algebra which operates with simple shape domains. This Boolean algebra uses addition and
subtraction operations, depending on the sign of each simple shape (-1 for the shapes to be
subtracted). By simple shape we understand either shapes for which there are direct calculus
relations, or domains for which their boundaries are approximated by known functions and the
according calculus is performed using an algorithm. The simple shapes are closely connected to the
calculus of the stresses, refined aspect which requires special attention. Taking into account all these
ideas there were considered rectangles and circles as basic simple shapes and domains whose
boundaries are approximated by spline functions. The domain triangularization methods offered us the
general idea to consider the triangle, as a simple shape to be included in our, so called, library of
elementary shapes. In this way we have created an algorithm which uses exact relations for the
calculus of the integrals related to the cross sectional problems. In this way we use a virtual rectangle
which is framing the triangle, being generated additional right angled triangles. The sign of rectangle
and the signs of the additional triangles are depending on the sign of the initial triangle. In this way, a
general defined triangle for which we have direct calculus relations may be used to create the
discretization of any domain in cross sectional related integrals. Beside the algorithm, other results
consist of the software developed to verify the theory. An important consequence of the paper consists
of the opportunity to create modern computer aided engineering applications for structural studies,
which use: intelligent applied mathematics background, modern information technologies and
advanced computing techniques, such as calculus parallelization.
Abstract:
Key words: approximate method, domain triangularization, analytical model, software application, various accuracy tests.
177

Paper ID: C-69
FEASIBILITY OF ANAEROBIC DIGESTION OF FLOTATION SKIM AND

ITS POTENTIAL AS RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCE
Salam J. Bash Al-Maliky
College of Engineering, Al-Mustansiriya University, Iraq
Corresponding author: Salam J. Bash Al-Maliky, salambash2000@yahoo.com
The high portions of organic and Greasy constituents of the skim of Induced Air Flotation
(IAF) unit that is typically land disposed or rendered have made it environmentally problematic for the
receiving bodies due to its poor natural solubility and degradability. One solution for that was the use
of anaerobic digestion. Five laboratory scale batch reactors (each of 10 L working volume) were used
herein to test the effect of different IAF skim to working volume ratios; namely 0.5, 1.5, 2.5, 4.0,
5.0:10 (R1-R5), while the rest of working volume was filled with livestock manure (as inoculums).
These reactors were operated at two different temperatures (25C and 45C), to determine the
temperature effects on digestion performance. Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) removal efficiencies
of 72.6%, 68.6%, 60.1%, 52.1%, and 43.25% were achieved for R1-R5 respectively, at temperature of
25C. These removal efficiencies were significantly improved at temperature of 45C, where efficiencies
of 91.2%, 81.5%, 72.1%, 60.7% and about 50% were achieved for these reactors. In addition, very
promising biogas production rates of 4.5- 5.8 l/day were determined at operation temperatures of
45C (compared with 3- 4 l/day at 25C) for the majority reactor life times. This achievement may
compensate the treatment costs in addition to the supply of cheap renewable energy.
Abstract:
Keywords: anaerobic digestion, biogas, digestion temperature, induced air flotation, substrate composition.
178

Paper ID: C-70
USING TEAMCENTER ENGINEERING SOFTWARE FOR A SUCCESSIVE

PUNCHING TOOL LIFECYCLE MANAGEMENT
Florin Blaga, Alexandru- Viorel Pele, Iulian Stnel, Traian Buido & Voichia Hule
University of Oradea, Faculty of Managerial and Technological Engineering,
1 Universitii Street, 410087, Oradea, Romania
Corresponding author: Florin Blaga, fblaga@uoradea.ro
The paper presents studies and researches results of the implementation of Teamcenter (TC)
integrated management of a product lifecycle, in a virtual enterprise. The results are able to be
implemented also in a real enterprise. The product was considered a successive punching and cutting
tool, designed to materialize a metal sheet part. The paper defines the technical documentation flow
(flow of information) in the process of constructive computer aided design of tool. In the design phase
is required the allocation of rolls to various members of the design department: designers of the
various components of the punch, verifying task of documentation, approval decision of revised
documentation. Designers realize the 3D model of the punch. From these on obtain 2D drawings
needed to realize the parts of assembly. If the assessment process finds that the conditions imposed are
not fulfilled, the task is returned to the designers for fix the errors. After the design phase is completed
a list of parts is generated containing standard or manufactured components (BOM, Bill of Materials).
The BOM may be exported in MS Excel (.xls) format and can be transferred to other departments of
the company in order to supply the necessary materials and resources to achieve the final product. This
paper describes the procedure to modify or change certain dimensions of sheet metal part obtained by
punching. These changes generate modification of some component of successive punching and
cutting tool, mainly referring to its active components. The process of changing determines specific
information and documents flow. In the Teamcenter platform is defined rolls and persons involved in
the approval, conducting and managing changes. After confirmation of changes by the client and the
approval of the project manager, a specific procedure is followed to generate o new release of
documentation. In the first phase 3D models of active components are modified. The next step is to
modify the execution drawings. Under these conditions Teamcenter database may contains two or
more versions of documentation for the successive punch project, original and new versions named
revised versions of project. After 3D and 2D design, the digital prototype of punching tool moves to
following lifecycle phase of manufacturing process. It is organized into hierarchical levels: the punch
assembly, machining processes for each manufactured component. For each operation of the
technological process the corresponding phases are described in detail. Teamcenter enables to describe
manufacturing company structure, underlying workstations that carry out various operations of
manufacturing process. Within the frame of TC platform connections between products, processes and
resources are generated. The paper revealed that the implementation of Teamcenter PDM in a
company, improves efficiency of managing product information, eliminating time working with
search, verification and correction of documentation, while ensuring the uniqueness and completeness
of the product data.
Abstract:
Key words: lifecycle management, teamcenter, digital prototype, documents flow.
179

Paper ID: C-71
AN ENGINEERING MODEL FOR YIELD INCEPTION IN SLIP-STICK

ELASTIC CONTACTS
Sergiu Spinu & Dorin Gradinaru
Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Mechatronics and Management,
13 University Street, 720229, Suceava, Romania
Corresponding author: Sergiu Spinu, sergiu.spinu@fim.usv.ro
Stress analysis in the elastic contact between two spheres under combined normal and
tangential loading is a fundamental problem in engineering, applicable in the modeling of particle
flow simulations or in study of contact between rough surfaces. The surface tractions distribution in a
normally loaded frictionless contact problem is known from the Hertz theory, while the tangential
frictional contact problem was solved separately by Cattaneo and by Mindlin, who concluded that the
full-stick hypothesis concerning an elastic spherical contact requires an unrealistic infinite frictional
coefficient to support the infinite shear contact tractions arising at contact periphery. Consequently, an
annular region of slip has to be assumed, in which a Coulomb friction law is established to impose an
upper limit to shear tractions. The potential contact failure due to plastic yielding is generally predicted
using the von Mises yield criterion, which uses the maximum of the second deviatoric stress invariant
to locate the plastic yield inception in the elastic body. This paper aims to establish the relation
between the frictional regime and the normal and tangential loading components, which leads to
plastic yield inception in a slip-stick spherical contact between similarly elastic materials. The study is
based on the computation of stress field using a well-established semi-analytical method coupled with
an acceleration technique based on the convolution theorem. The method applied herein in assessment
of subsurface stresses induced in an elastic solid by a known distribution of surface tractions, normal
and shear, is based on the superposition principle applicable in the frame of linear elasticity, and on the
fundamental solutions derived for the elastic half-space by Boussinesq and by Cerruti, expressing the
stress and displacement field induced in an elastic and isotropic half-space by a normal or a tangential
concentrated force acting on the half-space boundary. The use of these fundamental solutions in linear
elasticity is authorized by the so-called half-space approximation employed in the theory of contact
mechanics, assuming bodies of arbitrary (yet smooth) surface as semi-infinite solids confined by a
plane boundary. The results obtained for the spherical slip-stick contact are normalized to allow
application to any elastic constants or contact curvature, and model fitting is employed to derive
simple empirical formulas pertinent to practical engineering applications.
Abstract:
Key words: stress analysis, yield inception, slip-stick, von Mises equivalent stress, semi-analytical method.
180

Paper ID: C-72
SEMI-ANALYTICAL COMPUTATION OF DISPLACEMENT IN LINEAR

VISCOELASTIC MATERIALS
Sergiu Spinu & Dorin Gradinaru
Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Mechatronics and Management,
13 University Street, 720229, Suceava, Romania
Corresponding author: Sergiu Spinu, sergiu.spinu@fim.usv.ro
The mastering of tribological performances of viscoelastic materials is important in assisting

the design of products like automotive belts and tires, seals, biomedical devices, or other parts
involving materials like elastomers or rubber. The prediction of mechanical contact performance based
on the Hertz model is no longer accurate in case of viscoelastic materials, when the material response
to load depends explicitly on time and on the loading history. This paper aims to advance a semianalytical solution for displacement computation in viscoelastic materials, as a prerequisite to a semianalytical solution for the problem of the viscoelastic mechanical contact. The classic literature on the
latter is based on the so-called correspondence principle between the elastic and the viscoelastic
solution of a problem of stress analysis, stating that a viscoelastic problem has an associated elastic
problem to which the former reduces after removal of time variable via transfer to Laplace transform
domain. When this principle is applied to derive the pressure distribution and the contact radius
directly from their elastic counterparts, i.e. without prior displacement assessment, solutions of limited
viability are obtained. Additional tedious manipulations are required to cover all the possible cases (in
a number of five according to Tings theory) emerging in an arbitrary loading history. A semi-analytic
solution for the contact problem involving displacement assessment is expected to provide greater
generality, allowing for arbitrary contact geometry (rough real surfaces can also be considered
provided the discretization error is contained) and arbitrary loading history. As equations describing
the purely elastic model are time-independent, spatial discretization is sufficient to circumvent the
continuous integration arising in the theoretical model. When assuming a viscoelastic constitutive law,
additional integration over the loading history is required, necessitating supplementary temporal
discretization capable of simulating the memory effect specific to viscoelastic materials, i.e. the
property that the current state depend upon all previous states attained from the initial loading. By
deriving new influence coefficients, computation of displacement induced in a viscoelastic material by
a known but otherwise arbitrary history of surface tractions can be achieved via superposition
authorized by the Boltzmann superposition theory applicable in the frame of linear viscoelasticity.
Based on the newly advanced model, we are anticipating a semi-analytical solution for the resolution
of viscoelastic contact problems, in which contact pressure and displacement are obtained for every
new time increment in a step-by-step approach.
Abstract:
Key words: linear viscoelastic displacement, correspondence principle, memory effect, semi-analytical method.
181

Paper ID: C-73
DESIGNING A SYSTEM FOR MEASURING THE FLOW OF MATERIAL

TRANSPORTED ON BELTS USING ULTRASONIC SENSORS
Nicoleta Maria Mihut
Constantin Brancusi University of Tg-Jiu, Faculty of Engineering,
30 Eroilor Street, 210135, Tg-Jiu, Romania
Corresponding author: Nicoleta Maria Mihut, mihut.nicoleta@gmail.com
Abstract: Excavation
tailings (scraping) and extracting the useful (lignite) in surface mine pits in Mining
Basin Oltenia is achieved with technological lines of excavation - transport - dump of high
productivity. A correlation of working capacity of the main components of technological lines (motor
rotor, high capacity transport, car dumps) is necessary for economic reasons on electricity
consumption. To achieve experience in the process was chosen excavator SRS 1400 from South Jilt
career in the CET Turceni. The question of coal excavated volume has a great importance in the mine
pits. At the excavation is desired a density estimate for each machine production tracking, cost
estimation and tracking product unit profitability of each band on various sections zones. Permanent
display size excavated volume snapshots in the excavatorist cabin permite to track tape loading,
eliminating unproductive times and information management to determine profitability. Another
important requirement is closing the loop of the machine drive system of an excavator for a uniform
deposition of carbon on the strip, thus achieving automatic control of the loading belt. Such equipment
is important for the system dispatching in surface mine pits. Through a system of three ultrasound
transducers to determine the smart instant of coal excavated section which, coupled with the tape
speed, integrated over time will determine the amount of excavated coal. The basis of the system
developed is a device for determining the volume and quantity of coal excavated acting on the march
and optimize the system speed excavator working order. The device is designed primarily following
the careers of lignite production: rotor excavators, rubber conveyor belts and dump facilities. Newly
developed system aims to achieve the following determines: the optimum energy excavation
depending on the nature of excavated material - lignite, shale, clay, etc., economic times to use the
excavator bucket teeth rotor, energy optical regime to rubber belt conveyors, eliminate damage to the
plant by conveyor belt breakage detection or tread and eliminating time and energy losses by limiting
reproductive idle, monitoring the amount of coal excavated, control power consumption. Systems in
general and particularly automated systems can not be designed without taking into account their
degree of effectiveness, compliance with minimum consumption of time, energy and materials, insofar
as they are requested and used all the resources it has, at minimum cost production, etc. For this reason
any matter of calculation, design, analysis and operation of transport systems continuously subordinate
requirements optimality.
Key words: excavation, production tracking, ultrasound, transducers, conveyor belts.
182

Paper ID: C-74
VIRTUAL MODELLING OF COMPONENTS OF A PRODUCTION SYSTEM

AS THE TOOL OF LEAN ENGINEERING
Monica Zbigniew
Corresponding author: Zbigniew Monica, zbigniew.monica@polsl.pl
One of the most effective methods of production management is considered the Lean
Engineering. The term lean engineering was created by Japanese manufacturers. The high efficiency
of this method resulted in a significant increase in interest in the philosophy of Lean among European
companies, and consequently the use of its European markets. Lean philosophy is an approach to
production to minimize the use of all resources, including time. These are resources that are used in the
company for a variety of activities. This implies, first identify and then eliminate activities which does
not generate added value in the field of design, manufacturing, supply chain management, and
customer relations. The producers of these principles not only employ teams multi-professional
employees at all levels of the organization, but also use a more automated machines to produce large
quantities of products with a high degree of diversity. Lean Engineering is to use a number of
principles and practical guidelines that allow you to reduce costs by eliminating absolute extravagance,
as well as simplification of all production processes and maintenance.
Nowadays it is possible to apply the powerful engineering programs to realize the concept of Lean
Engineering. They could be described using the term CAD/CAM/CAE. They consists of completely
different packages for both the design of elements, as well process design. Their common feature is
generally consider with their application area. They are used for computer programs assisting the
design, development and manufacturing phases of a manufacturing process. The idea of the presented
work is to use the Siemens NX software for aiding the process of Lean Engineering system creating.
The analysed system is a robotised workcell. In the NX system are created the components of the
designed workcell such as machine tools, industrial robot, conveyors and buffers. The system let to
functionally link these components to simulate the work process and to introduce the rules of Lean
Engineering. The purpose is also to determine the rules of Lean designing in such advanced design and
simulation environments.
Abstract:
Key words: Lean engineering, CAD/CAM/CAE system, robotised workcell.
183

Paper ID: C-75
COMPUTER AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF THE USE OF COMPOSITE

PANELS IN PROCESS RENOVATION OF FREIGHT WAGON
Micha Majzner, Andrzej Buchacz, Andrzej Baier, ukasz Grabowski & Micha Sobek
Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland, Faculty Of Mechanical Engineering, Institute Of Engineering
Corresponding author: Micha Majzner, michal.majzner@polsl.pl
Rail transport is an essential part of the modern economy. The rising cost of goods transport
by road are becoming less profitable. Operating costs of freight cars in the area of maintenance and
renovation, due to the rising cost of materials and related services, cause, even with the growing
interest in this form of transport, that the viability of this form of transport is still on the verge of
profitability. This paper presents a methodology to develop innovative methods of construction and
repair of wagons loading space using the latest technologies and the development of procedures for
repairing wagons for the transport of bulk materials, with particular emphasis on coal assortments.
Basic research, which was conducted, to carry out multi-criteria analysis and selection of composite
components that predestined for use in the repair procedures. The tests were performed using Siemens
NX software. Composite structures where modelled in the form of a composite material shell elements
and solid elements. Optimization of composite materials subjected, method of joining composite
panels with sheathing, supplementary material selection - additional corrosion protection, and
technology production and use. Sampling methodology takes into account the level of a composite
sheathing degeneration. To this end it is proposed, in cooperation with DB Schenker, a modification of
the model cycle repair and overhaul, when the goods included ways of measuring the level of damage
to the steel sheathing and composite sheathing. In the case of steel sheathing specified levels of
damage that were input data for the design of a composite. However, in the case of a composite
sheathing the methodology of testing the degree of damage to the sheathing and the manner of their
further repair. Experimental studies include stress tests and verification of connections panel design
and construction of connecting elements.
Abstract:
Key words: composite panels, CAx, FEM, fibrous materials, railway.
184

Paper ID: C-76
STATIC ANALYSIS OF HULL PLATE USING THE FINITE ELEMENT

METHOD
Alina Ion
Constanta Maritime University Romania, Department of Navigation,
104, Mircea cel Batran Street, Constanta, zip code 900663
Corresponding author: Alina Ion, alina_ion@rocketmail.com
This paper aims to present the static analysis for two levels of a container ships construction
as follows: the first level is at the girder / hull plate and the second level is conducted at the entire
strength hull of the vessel.
The materials used are taken into account as being uniformly and homogeneously. The constant
pressure is applied to all surfaces. Taking advantage of the linearity of the finite element model, there
is an applied pressure of 1 Pa. The results obtained can be scaled as needed. The way that the effects
for different values of pressure can be determined is described in the procedure of defining the analysis
and evaluation of results. Using this procedure, we can measure the limits of pressure that the ships
hull can withstand.
This article will describe the work for the static analysis of a hull plate. We shall use the software
package ANSYS Mechanical 14.5. The program is run on a computer with four Intel Xeon X5260
CPU processors at 3.33 GHz, 32 GB memory installed. In terms of software, the shared memory
parallel version of ANSYS refers to running ANSYS across multiple cores on an SMP system. The
distributed memory parallel version of ANSYS (Distributed ANSYS) refers to running ANSYS across
multiple processors on SMP systems or DMP systems.
ANSYS Mechanical software is a graphical interface for pre-processing, solver and post-processing of
the mechanical problems. The solver used is Mechanical APDL.
The validity of the results of this program will be assessed by the verification book with mechanical
problems with answer keys. In this paper I shall apply this software for static analysis of the effect of
wave pressure on the ships hull. For static analysis presented here I shall use the steel as material that
has given mechanical properties, as displayed in ANSYS library according to ASME BPVC
(American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Boiler and Pressure Vessels Code).
Abstract:
Key words: material, stress, resistance, geometry, finite elements.
185

Paper ID: C-77
FACILITY DESIGN PROCESS ANALYSIS

George Belgiu1 & Constantin Cruu2
1
Politehnica University Timioara, Department of Management, Bv. Mihai Viteazul 1, 300222, Timioara, Romnia
2
Corresponding author: George Belgiu, george.belgiu@upt.ro
Abstract: Facility layout
objectives are (i) minimize material handling costs, (ii) utilize space efficiently,
(iii) utilize labour efficiently, (iv) eliminate bottlenecks, (v) facilitate communication and interaction
between workers, between workers and their supervisors, or between workers and customers, and (vi)
reduce manufacturing cycle time or customer service time. In this work we analyse how to eliminate
waste or redundant movement, facilitate the entry, exit, and placement of material, products, or people,
how to incorporate safety and security measures, how to promote product and service quality, how to
encourage proper maintenance activities, how to provide a visual control of operations or activities,
how to provide flexibility to adapt to changing conditions, and finally (and most important how to
increase capacity of the enterprise.
Paper ID: C-78
DESIGN OF A WHEELCHAIR FOR DISABLED PEOPLE

Ionut Geonea & Nicolae Dumitru
University of Craiova, Faculty of Mechanics, 107 Calea Bucuresti Street, 200512, Craiova, Romania
Corresponding author: Ionut Geonea, igeonea@yahoo.com
Abstract: This
paper presents the researches developed by authors for design a motorised wheelchair for
disabled people. These devices enable disabled people perform many activities of daily living thus
improving their quality of life. Curently existing solution of electric motorised wheelchair, use two
motor at the back wheels, which are used for straight line displacement and steering, by proper varying
them angular velocity. These electric motors must satisfy high torque requirements at low angular
speed, for that are expensive and difficult to control. Solution proposed by authors, overcome these
disadvantages, by implementing a mechanical transmission with differential gears. The design novelty
consist that are used two transmission chains, one is for the straight line motion, and one for steering.
The actuation of this solution is with one traction DC motor with steps adjustable angular speed, and
one smaller motor for steering. It is presented the kinematic scheme of the proposed transmission, and
kinematic synthesis. It is developed a CAD model of the transmission, mounted on a wheelchair. They
are made simulation in Adams, in order to verify the functionality of the proposed transmission. The
obtained results validate proposed transmission model and enable success implementation of this
transmission to a wheelchair experimental model.
Key words: wheelchair, locomotors disabilities, diferential transmission, kinematic synthesis.
186

Paper ID: C-79
PARAMETERS IDENTIFICATION AND SELECTION IN VARIOUS

MECHATRONIC VIBRATING STRUCTURES
Andrzej Buchacz & Damian Gaziowski
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Konarskiego 18a Street, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
Corresponding author: Damian Gaziowski, damian.galeziowski@gmail.com
One of the biggest problem in designing of the machines and various types of the systems is
vibration control and reduction. Unwanted effect leads to unexpected problems like stops, brakeges,
faster wear of the units and than due to this higher costs. Parameters identification in modelled
structures is known as one of the most important phases in the design process. It has to be known how
to select properly respective and major parameters of the system to match with given requirements
within previously assumed level. This is also the key point for placing received solutions in the
practical applications.
The work is the continuation of done by the authors researches related to designing of mechatronic
discrete systems that contains mechanical part connected to external electric network and piezoelectric
stack actuator for vibration reduction. Design process is considered in synthesis form that has been
done in relation to given requirements in form of resonant and antiresonant frequencies. The main
focus of the paper is given to the optimalisation of selected parameters, orientated for physical
realisation and applications constrains. Another new element is that the parameters identification has
been divided and detailed for the ones that describe the piezoelectric actuator and known ones, related
to synthesis resulted from chosen distribution method of dynamical characterstics function and
dimensionless transformation and retransformation algorithm. Additionally, its been planned to
determine the limits that create the selected parameters with positive or negative values. Study has
been done based on piezoelectric equations that combines mechanical and electrical concerns,
dimensionless equations, amplitudes and dynamical flexibilities functions. Investigations have been
done also with different selected types of received from synthesis structures. Its possible to receive, as
a result of solving the reverse task, cascade, branched or mixed systems.
The usage of diverse mechatronic systems in damping of vibration is more and more common last
years. This relates to different types of industry. With the study for optimal selection of the parameters,
the paper will extend the knowledge of using piezo stack actuators for vibration control in considered
mechatronic systems. Basing on their paramaters ranges analysis, in relation to physical realizations,
itll also widen their possible practical applications.
Abstract:
Acknowledgements: This work has been conducted as a part of research project PBS2/A6/17/2013 supported
by the National Centre for Research and Development in 2013-2016.
Key words: mechatronic systems, vibration, piezo, damping, synthesis.
187

Paper ID: C-80
REDESIGNING A PRODUCT USING MODERN CAD-CAM SOFTWARE

Andrei Pop1 & Andrei Adam2
1
University Politehnica Timisoara, Department of Mechatronics,

P-ta Victoriei, Nr. 2, Timisoara, 300006, Romania
2
University Politehnica Timisoara, Department of Material and Manufacturing Engineering,
P-ta Victoriei, Nr. 2, Timisoara, 300006, Romania
Corresponding author: Adam Andrei, andreiadam83@yahoo.com
Abstract: After
products are on the market for some time, they often need to be redesigned to meet new
market requirements. New products are generally derived from similar but outdated products.
Redesigning a product is an important part of the production and development process. The purpose of
this paper is to show that using modern technology, like Digital Prototyping in industry is an effective
way to produce new products. This paper tries to demonstrate and highlight the effectiveness of the
concept of Digital Prototyping, both to reduce design time of a new product, but also the costs required
for implementing this step. This paper presents a set of stages that focused on the particular processing
conditions of redesigning a product. The paper follows all stages of research and production, from
analyzing the existing product, creating a 3D model of the product, adding new features and testing the
new product.
In this paper we used modern technology based on digital prototyping and designed a new product
from a model already existing on the market.
The chosen product is a tape measure device made of plastic components. Products on the market are
relatively simple, they can be improved. For this we will use the existing model and redesign it too add
some functional new elements that enhance the entire product.
The methodology in this paper is: researching and choosing the reference product, disassembly the
product and studying the component, creating a CAD geometric model of each part of the studied
component, redesigning the product using Digital Prototyping, structural analysis and simulation of the
new product assembly.
The results of this paper show that using advance CAD-CAM techniques in designing a new product
from an existing one available on the market mould offers a significantly manufacturing time and cost
reduction. The ability to simulate and test a new product with modern CAD-CAM programs in all
aspects of production (designing of the 3D model, simulation of the structural resistance, analysis of
the injection process and beautification) offers a helpful tool for engineers. The whole process can be
realised by one skilled engineer very fast and effective.
Key words: product redesign; case study; plastic parts; digital prototiping.
188

Paper ID: C-81
NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF THE OPERATION OF A PLASMA CANNON

IN MISSION TO MARS PLANET
Tudor Chereche1, Paul Lixandru1, Daniel Dragnea1 & Sergiu Mazuru2
1
SC UPS PILOT ARM SRL, Dragomiresti, 137210, Romnia

UTM FIMCM, Str. Studenilor, 9, Blocul de studii nr. 6, MD-2045, Chiinu, Moldova
Corresponding author: Tudor Chereche, tudor.chereches@yhoo.com
The authors present the results of the numerical simulations of the thermomechanical
processes taking place inside the coaxial plasma cannon and at the interaction between high speed gas
jet and the dust deposited on the surfaces of the space vehicles. The purpose of the study on the use of
coaxial plasma cannon to clean the dust from the surfaces space vehicles in spatial missions to Mars,
was to elucidate some aspects of the system's energy efficiency, thermal and mechanical effects of
high-speed jet upon intersecting bodies and efficiency of the dust cleaning operation on the surfaces of
space vehicles under atmospheric conditions of Mars. Numerical simulation of mechanical and thermal
processes at the forming of the jet in cannon , the interaction of the jet with the rarefied atmosphere of
Mars and during the dust cleaning operations was conducted on a 3D physical model with a
symmetrical plan which schematize real processes. The most important schematization refers to the
shape and position of the plasma layer and uniform distribution of Lorentz forces on the unloading
layer. The analysis of the state and of the movement of gas launched by the coaxial plasma cannon had
in attention, the status parameters p, q, T and and the jet speed v. The plasma cannon launches very
short pulse type jets, with the output speed of the order of thousands of meters per second at
temperatures of about 10,000 K. The mechanical and thermal effects produced by the gas jet on the
intersected surfaces, were analyzed by numerical simulations. There were no observed negative
effects, the stresses and the temperatures induced in the structure have very low values. In the case of
an extended cleaning action it can be produced the erosion of the attacked areas due to the sand
particles movement with high speed. Numerical simulations showed, besides satisfactory efficiency of
the coaxial plasma cannon in the operation of removing the dust on surfaces of the spatial vehicle in
space mission to Mars, some disadvantages of using this system, in the head of the list being the
complexity and very low efficiency energy.
Abstract:
Key words: coaxial plasma cannon, thermomechanical processes, numerical simulations, space vehicles, dust cleaning
operation, spatial mission to Mars planet.
189

Paper ID: C-82
ANALYSIS OF HEAT CONDUCTION IN A DRUM BRAKE SYSTEM OF THE

WHEELED ARMORED PERSONNEL CARRIERS
Alin-Marian Puncioiu, Marian Tru, Ioan Vedina, Marin Marinescu & Valentin Vnturi
Automotive and Transportation, Bd. George Cosbuc, no. 39-49, 5th sector, Bucharest 050141, Romania
Corresponding author: Tru Marian, truta_marian@yahoo.com
Abstract: This
paper is an integrated study performed over the Braking System of the Wheeled Armored
Personnel Carriers. It mainly aims to analyze the heat transfer process which is present in almost any
industrial and natural process. The vehicle drum brake systems can generate extremely high
temperatures under high but short duration braking loads or under relatively light but continuous
braking. For the proper conduct of the special vehicles mission in rough terrain, we are talking about,
on one hand, the importance of the possibility of immobilization and retaining position and, on the
other hand, during the braking process, the importance movement stability and reversibility or
reversibility, to an encounter with an obstacle. Heat transfer processes influence the performance of the
braking system. In the braking phase, kinetic energy transforms into thermal energy resulting in
intense heating and high temperature states of analyzed vehicle wheels.
In the present work a finite element model for the temperature distribution in a brake drum is
developed, by employing commercial finite element software, ANSYS. These structural and thermal
FEA models will simulate entire braking event. The heat generated during braking causes distortion
which modifies thermoelastic contact pressure distribution drum-shoe interface. In order to capture the
effect of heat, a transient thermal analysis is performed in order to predict the temperature distribution
transitional brake components.
Drum brakes are checked both mechanical and thermal. These tests aim to establish their sustainability
in terms of wear and the variation coefficient of friction between the friction surfaces with increasing
temperature. Modeling using simulation programs led eventually to the establishment of actual thermal
load of the mechanism of brake components. It was drawn the efficiency characteristic by plotting the
coefficient of effectiveness relative to the coefficient of friction shoe-drum. Thus induced thermal
loads determine thermo mechanical behavior of the structure of wheels.
Study the transfer of heat generated during braking is useful because results can improve and validate
existing theory or may lead to the development of a mathematical model to simulate the behavior of
the brake system for various tactical and operational situations. Conclusions of this paper are relevant
because theoretical data analysis results are validated by experimental research.
Acknowledgment: This paper has been financially supported within the project entitled Horizon 2020 -
Doctoral and Postdoctoral Studies: Promoting the National Interest through Excellence, Competitiveness and
Responsibility in the Field of Romanian Fundamental and Applied Economic Research, contract number
POSDRU/159/1.5/S/140106. This project is co-financed by European Social Fund through Sectorial Operational
Programme for Human Resources Development 2007-2013. Investing in people!
Key words: special vehicle, braking system, heat transfer, efficiency characteristic.
190

Abstracts-Section D
Robotics and Computer Integrated Manufacturing: Industrial Robots, CIM Systems, Biological
Inspired Robotics, Social Robotics, Entertainment Robotics
191

Paper ID: D-1
NEW ASSISTIVE DEVICE FOR PEOPLE WITH MOTOR DISABILITIES

Ionut Geonea1, Marco Ceccarelli 2 & Cristian Copilusi 1
1
University of Craiova, Faculty of Mechanics, 107 Calea Bucuresti Street, 200512, Craiova, Romania
2
University of Cassino and South Latium, Cassino, Italy
Corresponding author: Ionut Geonea, igeonea@yahoo.com
In this paper, a new leg mechanism for human motion assistance has been proposed for
rehabilitation purposes. The structure of human leg and its motions have been used as inspiration for
design purposes. Proportions of the linkage are estimated utilizing anthropometric measures of the
human leg. For a simple control algorithm, the proposed mechanism for the legs must generate an
ovoid path of the foot, by uniform rotating of actuating crank. The mechanism must generate an
approximately linear trajectory of foot during propulsion. The resulting linkage is a single degree-offreedom (DOF) mechanism, which exemplifies the shape and movement of a human leg. The
mechanism is simulated and tested to verify the proposed synthesis. A 3D model of the proposed
system has been elaborated in Solid Works, booth for design and simulation purposes. Simulation
results show that the proposed mechanism performs movements similar to those of a human leg. Maple
and MSC.Adams software packages are used to simulate and validate the kinematics of the
mechanism. An experimental model of the rehabilitation mechanical system is elaborated and
presented in detail and they are made experimental tests. There is made a comparison of the angular
variations laws of the hip, knee and ankle joints in case of the mechanisms and human subjects, and
the results are comparable. The proposed mechanism demonstrates that a one DOF closed loop
mechanical linkage can be designed to the shape and movement of the biped human walking
apparatus.
Abstract:
Key words: kinematic synthesis, biped walking, leg mechanism, rehabilitation, experimental tests.
192

Paper ID: D-2
TRACKING CONTROL OF AN OMNIDIRECTIONAL MOBILE ROBOT

Ionel Conduraru, Ioan Doroftei & Alina Conduraru (Slatineanu)
Blvd. D. Mangeron 43, 700050, Iasi, Romania
Corresponding author: Ionel Conduraru, conduraru.ionel@yahoo.com
Abstract: This
paper describes a mobile robot position tracking system based on camera vision and a set
of two optical mice and attached to omnidirectional vehicle. The platform follows a trajectory imposed
by using camera vision. Imposed trajectory is drawn on the floor and using two mice is estimated
distance traveled along the path traced. Any time the wheel slips on the surface it will cause an error in
the position measurement. This is a major handicap for omnidirectional drivetrains based on
omniwheels or mecanum wheels, which by their nature slide easily and can slip in any direction.
Traditionally, computer mice have been plagued with many of the same problems. Achieving accurate
motion with a mechanical ball is difficult due to surface differences, dust, and wear. Optical mice
based on high speed optical flow solve these problems, and they have completely supplanted
traditional ball mice over the last ten years [1]. A robot navigation system based on optical mice has
several notable advantages over wheel-based encoders. First, it has no moving parts and does not need
to be in contact with the floor, which ultimately reduces friction and wear on the system. Second, all of
the mouse chips on the market track motion in two dimensions simultaneously. Video processing has
an line detection and constantly looking imposed trajectory and drawn on the floor and traced
throughout the trajectory correction made by controlling the robot kinematic. Thus we obtain a
trajectory tracking and an estimate of the path traveled. Platform for this study using three universal
wheels arranged to the axis at an angle of 120 degrees between them.
Key words: omnidirectional mobile robot, tracking control, odometry.
Paper ID: D-3
AN OVERVIEW ON INTERNAL GEARED MECHANISMS WITH SMALL

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN TEETH NUMBER
Simina Macovei (Crlan) & Ioan Doroftei
Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi, Mechanical Engineering, Mechatronics and Robotics Department, Blvd.
D. Mangeron, No. 43, 700050, Iasi, Romania
Corresponding author: Simina Macovei (Crlan), simina_cost@yahoo.com
Internal gear with small difference between teeth number are encounter in pumps that carry a
fluid (progressive cavity pumps PCP), differential and planetary mechanisms (from vehicle automatic
transmission). One of the advantages of these gears is given by the small teeth clearance. For the
pumps, these couplings resist to great pressure, while for the automatic transmissions they function to
high speeds. In this paper a short overview of internal gears with small difference between teeth
number is presented.
Abstract:
Key words: internal gear, small difference between teeth number, progressive cavity pumps.
193

Paper ID: D-4
STRESS ANALYSIS FOR A NEW ANKLE REHABILITATION DEVICE

Cristina-Magda Racu (Cazacu) & Ioan Doroftei
Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi, Mechanical Engineering, Mechatronics and Robotics Department,
Blvd. D. Mangeron, No. 43, 700050, Iasi, Romania
Corresponding author: Cristina-Magda Cazacu, crysty_mag@yahoo.com
Due to injuries that occur on the ankle joint, everyday all around the world, more and more
rehabilitation devices have been developed in recent years. The prices for ankle rehabilitation systems
are still high, thus we developed a new device that we indented to be low cost and easy to
manufacture. For the 3D model that we design, the dimensions are taken so that the proposed system
will ensure functionality but also a small dimensions and low mass, considering the physiological
dimensions of the foot and lower leg. The components from the 3D model are established to be from
light materials, like aluminium, pvc, etc. We will perform a stress analysis to determine the most
strained zones, in order to avoid links breakage and to diminuate, as much as possible, theyr section,
for different values of the applied forces. Thanks to this process, the most convenient model and
materials will be choosen, for further development of the device.
Abstract:
Key words: stress analysis, ankle, rehabilitation.
194

Paper ID: D-5
DESIGNING OF ROBOTIC PRODUCTION LINES

USING CAX SOFTWARE
Andrzej Wrbel & Pawe Langer
Corresponding author: Andrzej Wrbel, andrzej.wrobel@polsl.pl
Abstract: The
main aim of the project was to show the possibilities what is offered by the use of modern
CAx software in the design of manufacturing processes. The result of this article is to design and
simulation of robotic work station on the production line. Combining the use of engineers knowledge
and software capabilities CAx type allows to introduce the concept of an integrated computerization of
production of CIM (Computer Integrated Manufacturing).There are two main programs apply into this
project:
a) Siemens NX 8.5 it is program that allows 3D design, preparation of documentation, carrying out
structural analysis, kinematic, dynamic, thermal and others, and process design processing. It was
used to create a model of all design elements excluding the robot models and tools.
b) Delmia V5 R19 this is environment to design and build a robotic station manufacturing line. It was
used to make a model of the station, to define the kinematics some of the elements created using
Siemens NX 8.5 and in the process offline programming of robots located in the station.
Use of CAx software, allows the use of computers to assist the design process, products, and processes
leading to their formation. These programs allow you to create a virtual environment models, analyzes
and simulation of the processes leading to the creation of the object. The biggest advantage of using
Software engineering is its extensive mapping capabilities reality in the virtual world. The use of
virtual environments allows for significant speed up the design process and reduce its costs. Despite
the high price of the same general software development costs are falling due to the reduction in the
number prototypes necessary for the implementation of research, the ease and speed of modification of
the model and ability to perform various analyzes.
References:
1. Zdanowicz R. (2012) Basics of of robotics. Silesian Technical University Publishing House
2. Olszewski M.,Barczyk J. and others (1985) Manipulators and industrial robots. Automatic handling machines Scientific and
Technical Publishing, Warsaw
3. Morecki A. Knapczyk J (1999) Basics of robotics. The theory and elements of manipulators and robots. WNT Warszawa 1999
4. Buchacz A. (1997). Computer aided of synthesis and analysis of machines sub-assembly by graph and structural numbers
methods. Silesian University of Technology Press, Gliwice.
5. Buchacz A.; Wrbel, A. (2008). Homogenization of mechatronical systems in modeling piezoelectric layer. Machine Dynamics
Problems. 25, Vol.32, No 3, pp.7-11
6. Buchacz A.; Wrbel A. (2009). Modelling of multilayer transducer by means of the graph and structural numbers method.
Special Issue: 80th Annual Meeting of the International Association of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics (GAMM, Volume 9,
Issue 1, pages 393394,
7. Buchacz A., Paczek M.(2010). The approximate Galerkins method in the vibrating mechatronic systems investigation.
Proceedings of The 14th International Conference Modern Technologies, Quality and Innovation ModTech 2010, 20-22 May,
2010, Slanic Moldova, Romania 2010, pp. 147-150
8. Dymarek A., Dzitkowski T. (2005) Modelling and synthesis of discrete continuous subsystems of machines with damping.
Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Vol. 164-165, p.1317-1326.
9. Mason W.P. (1948). Electromechanical Transducers and Wale Filters. Van Nostrand
Key words: robots, virtual space, piezoelectric, CAx, modelling.
195

Paper ID: D-6
ANALYSIS OF POSSIBILITY OF APPLYING THE PVDF FOIL IN

INDUSTRIAL VIBRATION SENSORS
Andrzej Wrbel
Corresponding author: Andrzej Wrbel, andrzej.wrobel@polsl.pl
Abstract: Mechatronic systems with piezoelectric sensors or actuators are widely used because piezoelectric transducers
can be applied in order to obtain required dynamic characteristic of designed system. It is very important to use very
precise mathematical model and method of the analysis of the system to design it correctly. It was proved that it is very
important to take into consideration influence of all elements of analyzed system including a glue layer between
piezoelectric transducer and mechanical subsystem. It is indispensable to take into account geometrical and material
parameters of all systems components because the omission of the influence of one of them results in inaccuracy in the
analysis of the system.
This paper presents the issues of modeling and testing of flexural vibrating mechatronic systems with piezoelectric
transducers used as actuators or vibration dampers. The method of analysis of the considered systems will be presented,
started from development of the mathematical model, by setting its characteristics, to determine the influence of the
systems properties on these characteristics. Utilitarian the scientific purpose of the project is to analyze and demonstrate
possibility of applying the PVDF foil or any other belonging to a group of smart materials in industrial sensors. Currently,
the vibration level sensors are used by practically all manufacturers of piezoelectric ceramic plates to generate and detect
the vibration of the fork. This approach is associated with a number of drawbacks, including:
The need to use several or several piezoelectric plates, with the increase in number of components is increased defect
sensors. The plates are made of brittle materials which also causes crashes and damage
After laying the tiles in the so-called piezoelectric stack, use the calibration screw perform tuning fork resonance
frequency and the frequency of an electronic circuit that generates vibrations.
Sensors have now produced two forks resonance, using these sensors in moist materials is often the case that the material
remains between the forks and at the same time causes a measurement error, and sometimes the need for intervention
conservator. Given the fact that currently produced sensors should be characterized by high accuracy and reliability.
References: 1. K. Biaas.(2008). Graphs and structural numbers in analysis and synthesis of mechanical systems. Journal
of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, Volume 29, Issues 2, Gliwice, pp.151-154
2. Buchacz A. (1997). Computer aided of synthesis and analysis of machines sub-assembly by graph and structural
numbers methods. Silesian University of Technology Press, Gliwice.
3. Buchacz A.; Wrbel, A. (2008). Homogenization of mechatronical systems in modeling piezoelectric layer. Machine
Dynamics Problems. 25, Vol.32, No 3, pp.7-11
4. Buchacz A.; Wrbel A. (2009). Modelling of multilayer transducer by means of the graph and structural numbers
method. Special Issue: 80th Annual Meeting of the International Association of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics
(GAMM, Volume 9, Issue 1, pages 393394,
5. Buchacz A.; Wrbel A. (2010). Modelling and study of piezoelectric effect influence on the characteristics of
mechatronic system. Publisher Silesian University of Technology. Gliwice.
6. Buchacz A., Paczek M.(2010). The approximate Galerkins method in the vibrating mechatronic systems investigation.
Proceedings of The 14th International Conference Modern Technologies, Quality and Innovation ModTech 2010, 20-22
May, 2010, Slanic Moldova, Romania 2010, pp. 147-150
7. Dymarek A., Dzitkowski T. Modelling and synthesis of discrete continuous subsystems of machines with damping.
Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Vol. 164-165, 2005, p.1317-1326.
8. Jamroziak K., Bocian M., (2010). Identification of pierced materials characteristics in the
aspect of selected degenerated models, Journal of KONES. Powertrain and Transport Vol. 17, (No. 1), pp. 169-176.
9. Mason W.P. (1948). Electromechanical Transducers and Wale Filters. Van Nostrand
Key words: piezoelectric, analysis, smart materials, modelling, model, rheological model, material damping.
196

Paper ID: D-7
MODULAR INDUSTRIAL ROBOTS AS THE TOOL OF PROCESS

AUTOMATION IN ROBOTIZED MANUFACTURING CELLS
Aleksander Gwiazda, Wacaw Bana, Agnieszka Skala, Krzysztof Foit
& Przemysaw Hryniewicz
Corresponding author: Aleksander Gwiazda, aleksander.gwiazda@polsl.pl
Abstract: Recently
the number of designed modular machine was increased. The term modular machine
is used to denote different types of machinery, equipment and production lines, which are created
using modular elements. Modular could be both mechanic elements, and drives, as well as control
systems. This method of machine design is more and more popular because it allows obtaining flexible
and relatively cheap solutions. So it is worth to develop the concept of modularity in next areas of
application. The advantages of modular solutions are: simplification of the structure, standardization of
components, faster assembly process of the complete machine Additional advantages, which is
particularly important for manufacturers, are shorter manufacturing times, longer production series and
reduced manufacturing costs. Modular designing is also the challenge for designers and the need for a
new approach to the design process, to the starting process and to the exploitation process. The
purpose for many manufacturers is the standardization of the components used for creating the finished
products. This purpose could be realized by the application of standard modules which could be
combined together in different ways to create the desired particular construction as much as possible in
accordance with the order. This solution is for the producer more favorable than the construction of a
large machine whose configuration must be matched to each individual order. In the ideal case each
module has its own control system and the full functionality of the modular machine is obtained due to
the mutual cooperation of all modules. Such a solution also requires the modular components which
create the modular machine are equiped with interfaces compatible one with another to facilitate their
communication. The individual components of the machine could be designed, manufactured and used
independently and production management task could be divided into subtasks. They could be also
outsourced to an independent manufacturer. Standardization and run of the entire modular machiine
should be easier if standardized are individual modules. The advantages of modular design, in addition
to those mentioned above, there are many more. Modular communication interfaces should help to
reduce the amount of wiring, which is of significance for subsequent servicing equipment. Also, in the
event that any modifications machine changes its individual modules can be implemented in less time
than would be the case, the machine created a classic. The paper presents an example of application
the modular aproch to the proces of industrial robot design to make the proces of robootised workcell
design and exploitation more flexible.
Key words: modular design, industrial robots, robotised workcell.
197

Paper ID: D-8
OBJECT POSITIONING IN MAGAZINES OF ROBOTIZED WORKCELLS

USING LABVIEW
Przemysaw Hryniewicz, Wacaw Bana, Agnieszka Skala, Aleksander Gwiazda
& Krzysztof Foit
Corresponding author: Przemysaw Hryniewicz, przemyslaw.hryniewicz@polsl.pl
During the manufacturing process, each performed task is previously developed and adapted
to the conditions and the possibilities of the manufacturing plant. The production process is supervised
by a team of specialists because any downtime causes great loss of time and hence financial loss.
Sensors used in industry for tracking and supervision various stages of a production process make it
much easier to maintain it continuous. One of groups of sensors used in industrial applications are noncontact sensors. This group includes: light barriers, optical sensors, rangefinders, vision systems, and
ultrasonic sensors.
Through to the rapid development of electronics the vision systems were widespread as the most
flexible type of non-contact sensors. These systems consist of cameras, devices for data acquisition,
devices for data analysis and specialized software. Vision systems work well as sensors that control the
production process itself as well as the sensors that control the product quality level.
The LabView program as well as the LabView Vision and Labview Builder represent the application
that enables program the informatics system intended to process and product quality control. The paper
presents elaborated application for positioning elements in a robotised workcell. Basing on geometric
parameters of manipulated object or on the basis of previously developed graphical pattern it is
possible to determine the position of particular manipulated elements. This application could work in
an automatic mode and in real time cooperating with the robot control system. It allows to make the
workcell functioning more autonomous.
Abstract:
Key words: object positioning, robotised workcell, Labview.
198

Paper ID: D-9
ADAPTIVE IDENTIFICATION OF TRANSFORMATION OF THE LOCAL

COORDINATE SYSTEMS OF THE ROBOT FANUC AM100IB
Adam Cholewa 1, Jerzy wider 1 & Adrian Zbilski 2
1
Konarskiego 18a, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
2
DRXLMAIER Group, Engineering Department, Wincentego Pola 21, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
Corresponding author: Adam Cholewa, adam.cholewa@polsl.pl
Abstract: Automated
transport and handling systems, in particular industrial robots are not programmed
and utilized in accordance with the criteria of minimizing energy consumption, due to the high
complexity of the issues needed to be taken into account in the process. For efficient selection of
kinematic parameters for the working parts of the machines, it's necessary to develop algorithms that
allow setting a unified form for selection of the appropriate values. However, before preparing of such
dependences, there is a need for adequate research on the energy consumption of machines and the
most important factors in this respect. Development a numerical model of the analyzed object makes
conducting this type of research easier. The industrial robot FANUC AM100iB is an object of authors
interest. In this study a non-invasive method for measuring the process parameters of the robot such as
voltages and currents of the supply at all robot axes was developed, with the possibility of synchronous
acquisition of data from the axes drives encoders. During the construction of a numerical model of the
robot the orientation of the local coordinate systems was assumed taking into account the direction of
rotations in the real robot and with respect to modified Denavit-Hartenberg notation. These
modifications allowed achieving full compliance of position and orientation of the local coordinate
systems between the numerical and analytical model of the robot Fanuc AM100iB. The article
describes the validation procedure of the local coordinate system transformation in the developed
numerical model of the robot Fanuc AM100iB with the position and orientation observed for the parts
of the real robot. The validation procedure of the model in the indicated range was made possible due
to specialized and unique measuring equipment and due to the development of non-invasive
measurement method for experiments on a real object.
Key words: industrial robot, FANUC, transport system, handling system, numerical model, energy consumption.
199

Paper ID: D-10
MODELLING OF COOPERATING ROBOTIZED SYSTEMS

WITH THE USE OF OBJECT-BASED APPROACH
Krzysztof Foit, Aleksander Gwiazda, Agnieszka Skala, Wacaw Bana
Corresponding author: Krzysztof Foit, krzysztof.foit@polsl.pl
In today's robotized manufacturing systems the emphasis is placed on the simultaneous

operation of industrial robots. This is manifested through the involvement of a number of manipulators
working on the same detail, as well as by increasing the use of dual-arm robots that mimic
manipulative skills of human hands. As a result, there is a situation that requires not only adequate
precision and the proper sequence of arm movements, but also right coordination of the motion. In the
case of dual-arm manipulators, coordination of arms is provided by master control system, which
(among other things) prevents collisions between individual links of the kinematic chains of
manipulators. In the case of two manipulators, which are controlled independently, the coordination of
motion requires respective communication between the controllers of each arm, in order to ensure their
proper cooperation. A major problem in this case is the possibility of collision between the elements
manipulators, from a perspective of several cooperating robots in a common work space. It is hard to
deal with this problem, because the robot manufacturers do not disclose the details of the control
algorithms of manipulator axes. A possible solution is to limit the interpenetration of workspaces of
the cooperating manipulators to a tool (gripper) and the adjacent link of cooperating manipulators.
Moreover, the two situations should be distinguished: the first one, where several manipulators work
with the object, which is positioned and fixed in a some plane, and the second one, when one of the
robots holds the element and adequately changes its position, while others perform some operations on
this object. Both cases could be primarily distinguished by the used control algorithm. There are also
differences in the amount of information held by the cooperating manipulators controllers in each of
the cases. Making the assumption that in each case the movements of the manipulators arms are
determined by the control program and can not be automatically modified, it is sufficient to create an
abstract model of cooperating machines in the form of objects. This paper focuses on the description of
the cooperation between the two robots, represented in the form of object-oriented models. An
important part of this process is the communication between such understood objects. This task
requires that these objects can use some form of communication protocol and be able to collect
information about its environment. The approach presented in this paper is not limited to the robots,
but could be also used in a wider range, during modelling the complete robotized workcell.
Abstract:
Key words: robot, cooperation, object, model, robotized cell.
200

Paper ID: D-11
OBJECT AS A MODEL OF INTELLIGENT ROBOT IN THE VIRTUAL

WORKSPACE
Corresponding author: Krzysztof Foit, krzysztof.foit@polsl.pl
Abstract: The
practical ways of the design and management of the production process need an effective
description method of all equipment involved in the analyzed process. The term "effective" should be
understood in a manner that this description helps to build a database of all process components, while
preserving a brief description of each of them. It should be noted that in the general case, each field (or
record) of such a database may contain only the properties of an object (such as name, its placement,
technical data, etc.), which are mainly static values. Some of them are also changing dynamically (e.g.
machining parameters, idle time, etc.). Among all the machines involved in the manufacturing process,
industrial robots are the most complex ones. This complexity is reflected in the realization of
elaborated tasks involving handling, transporting or orienting the objects in a work space, and even
(recently) performing simple machining processes, such as deburring, grinding, painting, applying
adhesives and sealants etc. Moreover, there are tasks associated with automatic tool changing and
manipulating with the equipment mounted on the wrist of the robot. As the machine which is equipped
with the programmable control system, the robot also performs additional activities connected with
supporting storages of manipulated objects, tools or grippers, objects reorientation, holds, vision
systems, measuring stands, etc. It is therefore apparent that the description of the robot in a manner
similar to other machines, i.e. in the form of a data record, will deprive the description of the essential
elements in the sense of performed operations. It is therefore important to treat the robot in a similar
manner as the worker, who performs his tasks in a particular environment. In this case, the model in
the form of a data record proves to be insufficient to characterize the essence of "employment" of the
robot at the workplace. One of the possible approaches to this problem is to treat the robot as an object,
in the sense often used in computer science. This allows both: to describe certain operations performed
on the object, as well as describing the operations performed by the object. There are also posiibility to
illustrate the interactions between different objects. This paper focuses mainly on the definition of the
object as the model of the robot. The created model is then confronted with the other possible
descriptions. The results can be further used to create the model of the complete manufacturing
system, which takes into account all the machines and has the form of an object-oriented database.
Key words: robot, virtual workspace, object, model, manufacturing system.
201

Paper ID: D-12
THE MODULAR DESIGN OF ROBOTIC WORKCELLS IN A FLEXIBLE

PRODUCTION LINE
Wacaw Bana, Agnieszka Skala, Krzysztof Foit, Aleksander Gwiazda
Corresponding author: Wacaw Bana, waclaw.banas@polsl.pl
In the case of large-scale and mass production lines often the same model of an industrial
robot is used in various places of the line and is intended to various task. However, the replacement of
one industrial robot to another is a long lasting and arduous process. It requires stopping all the
production line and sometimes even dismantling the whole workcell. Such situations are not frequent
in production lines that are not flexible. They are related the most often with the failure on an
industrial robot. However, during the designing of a flexible production line the ability to replace any
robot, which is unrestricted, fast and trouble-free, greatly increase the flexibility level of such line. It
could be realized by modular design of the proposed production line. In this way it could be possible to
change any elements of such production system. But this approach needs to apply the specialized
informatics system.
This paper presents the obtained design of several versions of the same production workcell. Each,
succeeding version of the designed production workcell contains more and more modular elements.
Thereby it would be presented the evolution of a workcell design beginning from the typical design
and ending with the fully modular one. One of tools needed to realize this task is the elaboration of a
base of modules and typical joint and mounting elements that could be utilised in the described
designing process. It is also presented the guidance information about the designing and programming
processes useful at each stage of analysed process.
Abstract:
Key words: modular design, industrial robots, manufacturing workcells.
202

Paper ID: D-13
DETERMINATION OF THE ROBOT LOCATION IN A WORKCELL OF A

FLEXIBLE PRODUCTION LINE
Wacaw Bana, Agnieszka Skala, Aleksander Gwiazda, Krzysztof Foit
Corresponding author: Wacaw Bana, waclaw.banas@polsl.pl
Abstract: Location
of elements of a workcell is apparently an easy task but even during the designing of
a workcell, in which is planned a production of one, simple element it is necessary, among others, to
check access to all required points. The robot in a workcell must handle both machine tools located in
a workcell and magazines (input and output one). It handles also transport equipment and auxiliary
stands. Sometimes, during the design phase, the changes of robot location are necessary due to the
limitation of access to its required working positions. Often succeeding changes of a workcell
configuration are realized. They occur at the stages of visualization and simulation of robot program
functioning. In special cases, it is even necessary to replace the planned robot with a robot of greater
range or of a different configuration type. This replacement is particularly very expensive when it is
realized during physical realization of a designed workcell. In this situation it is needed to include not
only the robot replacement but also the redesigning of its fixing elements. In the case of much higher
capacity of the newly chosen robot it is also necessary to replace or rebuilt its foundation.
This article presents and describes the parameters and elements which should be taken into
consideration during designing robotised workcells. The main idea bases on application of advanced
engineering programs to adding the designing process. Using this approach it could be possible to
present the designing process of an exemplar flexible workcell intended to manufacture two similar
elements. The proposed model of such designed manufacturing workcell could be easily extended to
the workcell model in which it is possible to produce elements belonging the one technological group
of chosen similarity level. In particular, during the design process, one should take into consideration
elements which limit the ability of robot foundation. It is also important to show the method of
determining the best location of robot foundation. The presented design method could also support the
designing process of other robotised workcells.
Key words: workcell designing, industrial robots.
203

Paper ID: D-14
THE ROLE OF MULTI-AGENT SYSTEMS IN ADDING FUNCTIONING OF

MANUFACTURING ROBOTISED CELLS
Agnieszka Skala, Grzegorz wika & Gabriel Kost
Abstract: Present market conditions causes that modern control systems of robotised manufacturing
cells should be characterized by a much greater degree of reconfiguration, self-organization and, above
all, openness to emerging changes. The phenomenon of information distribution is one of the most
important features of modern control systems. In the paper is presented the approach based on multiagent systems application for supporting the operation of robotic manufacturing cells. The aim of this
approach is a flexible response and prevents situations that might contribute to delay of the production
process.
Key words: robot, robotic cells, agent, multi-agent systems.
Paper ID: D-15
THE DISTRIBUTED AGENT-BASED APPROACH IN THE EMANUFACTURING ENVIRONMENT

Agnieszka Skala, Gabriel Kost, Wacaw Bana & Anna Dobrzaska-Danikiewicz
The deficiency of a coherent flow of information from a production department causes

unplanned downtime and failures of machines and their equipment, which in turn results in production
planning process based on incorrect and outdated data. All of these factors entail, as the consequence,
the additional difficulties associated with the process of decision-making. They concern, among other,
the coordination of components of a distributed system and providing the access to the required
information, thereby generating unnecessary costs. The use of agent technology significantly speeds up
the flow of information within the virtual enterprise. This paper includes the proposal of an agentbased approach for the integration of processes within the virtual enterprise.
Abstract:
Key words: agent, multi-agent systems, e-manufacturing.
204

Paper ID: D-16
CONSTRUCTION TYPIFICATION AS THE TOOL FOR OPTIMIZING

THE FUNCTIONING OF A ROBOTIZED MANUFACTURING SYSTEM
Corresponding author: Aleksander Gwiazda, aleksander.gwiazda@polsl.pl
Process of workcell designing is limited by different constructional requirements. They are

related to technological parameters of manufactured element, to specifications of purchased elements
of a workcell and to technical characteristics of a workcell scene. This shows the complexity of the
design-constructional process itself. The results of such approach are individually designed workcell
suitable to the specific location and specific production cycle. Changing this parameters one must
rebuild the whole configuration of a workcell. Taking into consideration this it is important to
elaborate the base of typical elements of a robot kinematic chain that could be used as the tool for
building.
Virtual modeling of kinematic chains of industrial robots requires several preparatory phase. Firstly, it
is important to create a database elements, which will be models of industrial robot arms. These
models could be described as functional primitives that represent elements between components of the
kinematic pairs and structural members of industrial robots. As the part of the work is created database
with following elements: the base kinematic pairs, the base robot structural elements, the base of the
robot workscenes. The first of these databases includes kinematic pairs being the key component of the
manipulator actuator modules. Accordingly, as mentioned previously, it includes the first stage rotary
pair of fifth stage. This type of kinematic pairs was chosen due to the fact that it occurs most
frequently in the structures of industrial robots. Second base consists of structural robot elements
therefore it allows for the conversion of schematic structures of kinematic chains in the structural
elements of the arm of industrial robots. It contains, inter alia, the structural elements such as base,
stiff members - simple or angular units. They allow to convert a recorded schematic three-dimensional
elements. Last database is a database of scenes. It includes elements of both simple and complex:
simple models of technological equipment, conveyors models, models of the obstacles and like that.
Using these elements it could be formed various production spaces (robotised workcells), in which it is
possible to virtually track the operation of an industrial robot arm modelled in the system.
Abstract:
Key words: Typification, optimization, workcell design.
205

Paper ID: D-17
MODELLING AUTOMATIC OPTICAL INSPECTION SYSTEMS USING

FUZZY LOGIC
Tomasz Wjcicki
Institute For Sustainable Technologies National Institute, 6/10 Pulaskiego Street, 26-600, Radom, Poland
Corresponding author: Tomasz Wjcicki, tomasz.wojcicki@itee.radom.pl
The paper presents an original model aimed to support activities related to the design of
automatic optical inspection systems of surfaces. Solutions based on automatic optical inspection, are
widely used in industry, at many production stages, eg. quality control, or anywhere high performance
and repeatability are required, and contactless measurement methods are needed. Problems associated
with intelligent support for design of automatic systems, including automatic optical inspection, are a
prospective research area, due to a number of advantages, like reduced development time, use of apriori knowledge, holistic modelling of complex technical issues, and ability to conduct simulations.
Efficient design also reduces costs associated with the need to employ qualified staff, in this case
teams of designers with extensive knowledge on automation, mechanics, electronics, and computer
science. The article presents the use of multi-valued fuzzy logic and binary logic, as part of the author's
expert system dedicated to support decision-making processes related to the design of vision systems,
constituting parts of automatic optical inspection systems. The proposed solution is the result of
analyses of available numerical models, and computer simulations for effectively supporting decision
making processes. A characteristic feature of the developed model is its fast adaptation to different
types of objects inspected, by ensuring the supply of the knowledge base of the expert system,
represented by the model, by sets of logical rules. The author discusses theoretical foundations, the
structure of the developed model and its main components, aimed at automation of the selection of
parameter values of the vision systems, and their optimization. Parameters characterizing vision
systems depend on a number of factors that affect efficiency of exposing essential features of objects
in the recorded images undergoing inspection. The results of empirical studies for selected
configurations, and groups of objects undergoing optical inspection that confirm usefulness of the
developed solution, in real conditions are presented. The article is an important source of knowledge
concerning the design of intelligent systems supporting engineering works.
Abstract:
Key words: expert systems, fuzzy logic, artificial intelligence, vision systems, designing, machine vision.
206

Paper ID: D-18
STRESS ANALYSIS OF PARALLEL ROBOT COMPONENTS IN PLM

SIEMENS NX 8.5 PROGRAM
Piotr Ociepka & Krzysztof Herbu
Corresponding author: Piotr Ociepka, piotr.ociepka@polsl.pl
The article presents an example of stress analysis using the FEM method in which to
determine the boundary conditions are used the results of a dynamic analysis. The analyses were
performed in the Siemens PLM NX 8.5 program. Analysis considered components of a Stewart
platform, which was the basis of an elaborated driving simulator for people with disabilities (Fig.). The
dynamic analysis was conducted using the Motion Simulation module and the RecurDyn solver. In this
module was defined kinematic constraints that occur in the analysed mechanism of the parallel robot
and next dynamic analyses were performed to determine the maximal forces that could affect the
investigated elements. The next were analysed the various movements of the robot platform in order to
determine the worst impact of forces on the investigated elements. Then were selected such robot
positions in which these effects were greatest. In the next step were performed stress analysis in the
Advanced Simulation module concerning the such determined elements. For calculation the NX
Nastran solver was used. On the basis of CAD models of the created parallel robot components it was
generated a finite element mesh. Then boundary conditions, determined during the earlier dynamic
analysis of the platform movement, were introduced into the analysis process. The stress analysis
helped to determine the stress, strain and displacements distribution that occur in the analysed
elements of the parallel robot. The study made it possible to correctly choose the robot components
and apply them to the construction of a driving simulator for the disabled persons.
Abstract:
Fig. Stewart platform: a) CAD model, b) photos of the realized simulator

Key words: Stewart platform, car simulator, stress analysis, FEM method.
207

Paper ID: D-19
DESIGN AND REALIZATION OF LIGHT MODULES FOR MINIATURE

MODEL PASSENGER COACHES
Mircea-Petru Ursu1, Traian Buido 1 & Gyorgy Albert2
1
University of Oradea, Department of Machine Manufacturing Technology,

Str.Universitii No.1, 410087, Oradea, Romania
2
Tehnologistic SRL, str.Libertii nr.35A, 407035, Apahida, Romania`
Corresponding author: Mircea-Petru Ursu, mpursu@uoradea.ro
Modern miniature trains are made of high-quality materials (metal, plastic etc), processed by
means of highquality technologies. In order to offer a better life-like impression, the miniature trains
are fitted with additional components, such as direction-dependent headlights, interior lighting, sound
modules, smoke generators, spark simulators, remote-controlled coupling devices etc. Because of their
minute dimensions, required by the miniaturization of the model trains, all these features require also
high-tech materials and procedures, such as SMD (surface mounted device) active and passive
electronic components, flexible printed circuit boards, high-accuracy computer-aided design,
engineering and machining etc. The interior lighting of the model miniature passenger train coaches
require very much attention, because the lights should illuminate each compartment, the corridors, the
service areas, the end-of-train red headlights and even the destination plates, when possible. Also,
these lights should be independently switched on and off, they should replicate the functioning of
good/faulty fluorescent tubes and/or incandescent bulbs, and the end-of-train headlights should be
able to be switched on only when the coach is the last one of the train and should respect the direction
of travel. All these functions can be achieved in the digital command control (DCC) system. This
paper presents the design and realization of such a light module for miniature model passenger
coaches. This light module is programmable on-the-rails by means of any digital command station, and
contains SMD low-current super-miniature LEDs, resistors, transistors, diodes and other electronic
components. On the printed circuit board (PCB) of the light module, the pre-programmed SMD
microcontroller is the most important component, as it holds the DCC decoding algorithm and is able
to independently drive all the light outputs according to the commands issued by the user via the
digital command station. The light module is fed with electricity by means of wheel current collectors,
which also convey the digital command signals. In order to avoid flickering caused by faulty electrical
contacts between rails, wheels and collectors, the design of the light module allows fitting with
electrolytic buffer capacitors. The design and realization were completed by means of computer-aided
technologies. This light module can be fitted into almost all kinds of four-axles H0 (1:87) model
miniature passenger coaches, greatly improving their appearance on the rails.
Abstract:
Key words: train, miniature, SMD, LED, DCC, programmable, PCB.
208

Abstracts-Section E
Technology Transfer: Knowledge Management Case Studies; Knowledge Communication;
Knowledge Portals, Innovation and Engineering Education; Business Intelligence; Business Process
Modeling and Analysis, Process Planning and Flexible Workflow; Security in Business Process
209

Paper ID: E-1
EMPIRICAL RESEARCH ON INNOVATION THROUGH CO-CREATION:

PROCTER & GAMBLE CASE STUDY
Silvia Avasilcai & Iuliana Georgiana Agafitei
Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi, Department of Engineering and Management,
28 Mangeron Str., 700050, Iasi, Romania
Coresponding author: Silvia Avasilcai, silvia.avasilcai@gmail.com
The first part of present study case has pointed to the efforts directed by Procter & Gamble
over time to keep close to its customers and the manner in which management has supported
innovation within the company. Following the principles of disruptive innovation, the CEO of the
company has set the goal for the company as to produce at least 50% of the innovations from external
ideas. So, the aim of this paper is to continue to analyze the tools and the approach that P&G has taken
in order to come up with new ideas from outside the company. Innovating by co-creation has been
appreciated to contribute to the value creation process. In order to understand which elements in the
co-creation process determine the success of the products or which phase or instrument enriches the
company with valuable input in order to develop products, we have taken a look at P&Gs co-creation
platform available under the name of connect + develop.
Abstract:
Key words: innovation process, co-creation, organizational approach, innovation model.
Paper ID: E-2
PROCTER & GAMBLE CASE STUDY: INNOVATION STRATEGY OVER

YEARS
Iuliana Georgiana Agafitei & Silvia Avasilcai
28 Mangeron Str., 700050, Iasi, Romania
Coresponding author: Iuliana Georgiana Agafitei, iuliana.agafitei@gmail.com
The purpose of the present paper is to analyze how product innovation process has been
organized by a multinational company, such as Procter & Gamble. Since innovation through cocreation is a new approach to local market, we have chosen to conduct a research in form of a study
case showing the steps that the company has taken in order to involve its customers to contribute to the
development of new products. Apart from this, we would like to emphasize the innovation strategy and
tactics that the company has followed historically in order to grow the role of working together with
customers and launch products that were developed through collaboration. In order to point out all
these aspects we will begin the paper by looking at what innovation management theory is suggesting.
Taking these into consideration we will continue by analyzing the mission and vision of Procter &
Gamble Company, the structure and the evolution of products, emphasizing its innovation efforts. The
approach that the company has nowadays, related to development of new products, has its roots in
several complex initiatives in the past, initiatives that has in their central attention the customer.
Abstract:
Key words: innovation process, co-creation, organizational approach, innovation model.
210

Paper ID: E-3
INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF MAINTENANCE

OPERATIONS IN SERIES PRODUCTION LINES BY USING MYSQL
DATABASES IN ORDER TO OPTIMIZE INTERVENTIONS AND REDUCE
STANDSTILL TIME
Gheorghe Marc1 & Paul Kela2
1
1 Decembrie 1918 University of Alba Iulia, Faculty of Science and Engineering,

2
StarTransmission, Romania
Corresponding author: Marc Gheorghe, ghemarc@yahoo.ro
The present paper treats the problematic aspect of preventive general maintenance and taking
in consideration all the available and posible methods to avoid maltfunctions and long, useless,
stanstill time, which of course have a bad influence on the production flow.
The main objectives of the introduction of IT&C and repairs planing, based on accumulated data and
equipment functioning hours, are:
- increased realibility of the whole system;
- minimizing stanstill time;
- better spareparts management;
- reduced costs for mandatory repairs;
- reduced energy consumption by increasing the efficiency of the system.
The proposed solution is focused on a Information System, flexible and user-friendly, which allows
centralised view of working hours intervals, specific for each machine, scheduling of overhauls at the
most oprtune moment-based exactly on the functiong hours- without affecting production, establishing
of the overhaul team, managing and preparing the necesarry spareparts which the team needs.
Evidently the system is based on the specific maintenance documents like: annual repairs plans,
technical overhauls, current repairs, capital repairs, maltfunction repairs and modernizing of
equipment, if necesarry.
All of these elements are integrated in a Database which can be accesed by the chief of the
maintenance workshop, who will program the specific repairs which need to be made, intervention
team-which will give a feedback regarding them, logistics personell, production supervisor-who can
notify the best time for the interventions without afecting production. The editing and visualizing of
data will be realised by user-friendly forms. The access to the Database will be implement via a webservice, based on php, with specific interface and forms for the main four user-groups.
The database will be SQL type given the fact that MySQL is the most popular Database Management
System and its free.
Abstract:
Key words: series production lines, maintanance, databases.
211

Paper ID: E-4
SMART FACTORY FOR INDUSTRY 4.0

Elvis Hozdi
University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Control and Manufacturing Systems,
Akereva 6, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
Corresponding author: Elvis Hozdi, ehozdic@yahoo.com
Parallel to the development of information - communication technologies, the Internet,

wireless networks, production networks, developed and industrial production which experienced a
strong and profound changes. Factories have become more flexible than ever to complex modern
market turbulence. Modern concepts of production systems require vertical and horizontal integration
of all participants in the production process. This integration determines the foundation of a new,
radical change in the mode of production by German industrialists called the industry is 4.0. In this, the
smart production environment, structuring the smart factory. Smart factory is a production solution in a
flexible and efficient way should be to meet the needs of today's market , and achieves integration
between the various industrial and non-industrial partners who build dynamic , and very often and
virtual organizations . This type of integration, linking the physical components of the production
system and digital, abstract, virtual components into a single system called cyber - physical production
systems. Systems are the backbone for the smart factory. Cyber- physical systems of production will
be structured so that they can respond to almost any change in the market in time within really smart
factories, but also beyond its borders. This not only makes production faster and in accordance with
the specific requirements of individual customers, but also allows to production processes within the
company are optimized through a network of global cooperation, adaptive and evolutionary and self organizing. The potential for savings and innovation in these production systems and production
operators is huge. Implementation of cyber - physical production systems in smart factories providing
management with real-time, which is one of the fundamental principles of a new era in the sphere of
industrial production.
Abstract:
Key words: cyber - physical production systems, smart manufacturing, information - communication technology, real- time
control, Industry 4.0
212

Paper ID: E-5
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF LABOUR BEHAVIOUR AND WORKPLACE

MANAGEMENT
Shrirang R. Chaudhari
Ranishri Malviya Garden Morshi District- Amravati MS, India
B.E. MECHANICAL (SGBAU)/ PRMIT & R
Corresponding author: Shrirang R. Chaudhari, shrirangchaudhary@gmail.com
Over discrete factors workplace management and maintenance remained an important

endeavour for decades. Workplace maintenance problems are more likely to be found entrapped in
major traces like worker behaviour, intension manifesto and orientations, emotional intelligence of
workers and human services relations.
In the following paper; to give a deep look on these workplace penetrating problems, I firstly introduce
the human and service relations in context of inter disciplinary relation between labour-serviceagenda-process. In this structure agenda is the equally merge prospective. So the rest of the entire
strategy builds on the tri-pin of Labour, Service and Process. While analysing this strategy building,
assignment and implementation of emotional intelligence in opt of personal and social competencies of
worker along with the potential maintenance of workplace is introduced on some statistical data and
graphs. Binding the structure of emotional intelligence embedded in workplace, a certain statistical
analysis is done on the basis of readings and surveys conducted in Neelay Group of Industries, Nasik,
MS, India. By using various assignments and planning methods, here I procured certain agendas and
regulation that must be conducted in organization or on working floor for the sustainable development
of it.
Furthermore after having a look on sustainable improvement in workplace circumstances, next the
context of paper is directed to the agenda building in workers, mainly in terms of integrity, ethics and
sense of responsibility. For this purpose the conceptual understanding of Next is Customer strategy is
carried out and on the basis of this the concept of Singular Firms is developed and established
simultaneously. And as these concepts established the disruption methodology of continuous
development is evolved. Thus this is the overall structure of research work which hopefully adds
values to the test bench.
Abstract:
Key words: assignment and implementation of emotional intelligence, disruption, labour behaviour and productivity index,
singular firm, worker-work-process relation.
213

Paper ID: E-6
THE RELATION BETWEEN PROACTIVE ENVIRONMENTAL STRATEGIES

AND COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE
Anca Butnariu & Silvia Avasilci
"Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University of Iasi, Department of Engineering and Management,
Corresponding author: Anca Butnariu, abutnariu@tex.tuiasi.ro
The investments of a firm in five types of resources (according to Hart's theory, in 1995) are
not only the expression of its choices regarding the environmental strategy, but could also lead to the
development of specific capabilities for that firm. The proactive environmental strategies lead to
achievement of capabilities as: integration of stakeholders, capacity to innovate and learning. The
integration of stakeholders, especially of those who have an interest on the environmental protection,
helps the firm to build its legitimacy for the aspect of environmental proactively. The capacity to
innovate makes firms capable to integrate, develop and reconfigure its competencies. The firm's
capabilities should be considered a mediator variable. Aragon-Correa and Sharma (2003), Christmann
(2000) and Wagner (2005) identify the importance of development of superior resources and
capabilities for a firm, based on its relationship with the natural environment as a source of
competitive advantage. Firm's resources encompass the result of proactive environmental strategies
(for example the continuous innovation or the management of stakeholders) and of social reputation
and legitimization. Aragon Correa et al. consider that proactive environmental management requires
changes in procedures and operations and clearly represents an organisational competence once it
requires the complex coordination of human and technical abilities in order to reduce the
environmental impacts and simultaneously to maintain or increase firm's competitivity. Miles and
Covin (2000) have studied the creation of competitive advantage based on reputation and concluded
that there is a strong correlation between the high environmental performance and the reputational
advantage, that leads to increased marketing and financial performance. There are two distinct
orientations of the environmental management that appear in companies: the model of compliance and
the strategic model. In this paper we proposed the hypothesis that the capabilities developed by the
environmental investments will probably directly lead to competitive advantage. In the second stage
we have tested this hypothesis, using the research method of survey. A questionnaire was sent to
managers in textile Romanian industry, and a hundred answers were received. The textile industry was
chosen to test the hypothesis because this industry has evolved as a global, fragmented and complex
system, that in order to reduce the social and environmental impacts along its products' life cycle uses
an increasing number of corporate responsibility policies. Nevertheless, there are few scientific works
that argument the effectiveness of these policies. The results confirm our hypothesis.
Abstract:
Key words: environmental management, capabilities, competitive advantage.
214

Paper ID: E-7
A MODEL OF ENTREPRENEURIAL FIRM

Cosmin-Mihai Nacu & Silvia Avasilcai
Blvd. Mangeron, No. 29, 700050, Iasi, Romania
Corresponding author: Cosmin-Mihai Nacu, cnacu@tex.tuiasi.ro
In the current context of economic and technological development, entrepreneurship is a

concept that we hear about increasingly more often. More and more young people are taking the risks
and they are using their available resources in order to start their own business, to becom their own
bosses, to be financially independent or simply because they dont find a job. One of the branches of
entrepreneurship in continuously developement is technological entrepreneurship, an entrepreneurial
type that combines innovation and creativity with business environment to give more value to our
society. The purpose of this research paper is to develop a conceptual model to describe more realistic
and more detailed, the entrepreneurial firm from the technological entrepreneurship domain. Based on
existing models of entrepreneurial firm and starting from the technological entrepreneurship process
and its components, we define the basic structure of the new and emproved model of entrepreneurial
firm. So, we analyze the literature, we discover and analyze existing models of entrepreneurial firm
and we compare them to see the similarities and the differences. The most important characteristics,
elements and foctors of the compared models, together with our point of view, will form the new
conceptual model of entrepreneurial firm. After the realization of the proposed model, it is tested
through a case study, through the application of the model on a real entrepreneurial firm, where we
identified and detailed every component of our model, which basicly validates the new model of the
entrepreneurial firm from technological entrepreneurship domain. The new model is based on
theoretical aspects of business venture creation, of technological entrepreneurship process and of
innovation process, it is feasible, validated through the case study. Business venture creation has some
key elements as attitude towords entrepreneurship, intention to develop a new business idea, necessary
resource planning and the stage development of business venture. The key elements of technological
entrepreneurship process are innovation and prototyping and, also, the key elements of technological
innovation process are the source of business idea, the design and accomplishment of final product and
sellings. It is very important for researchers from entrepreneurial domain, from business domain and
not only, to find in the literature valid models that can be used further in research or that can be applied
into real business environments.
Abstract:
Key words: Entrepreneurship, technological entrepreneurship process, entrepreneurial firm, case study, business
environment.
215

Paper ID: E-8
CREATIVITY AND INNOVATION BY EMPOWERING THE CUSTOMER:

THE CASE OF MULLINO BIANCO (A)
Silvia Avasilci & Adriana Bujor
Corresponding author: Adriana Bujor, adbujor@gmail.com
The terms of creativity, co-creation, creative industries, innovation, and co-innovation are
more and more used nowadays. While co-creation offers the possibility and encourages a more active
involvement from the customers to create value rich experiences, innovation is responsible for the little
improvements made for a better life, to grow a business, to improve products, services or companys
productivity. Either customers, current and potential, or stakeholders involvement into innovation
activities, through their creativity, represent an important way of value creation, of actions
performance that increases the worth of goods, services, or business as a whole. More and more,
different size businesses gather ideas for innovation from customers / stakeholders by involving them
into the early stages of the innovation process. Actually, it has been shown that their ideas sketch their
needs and wishes, and have been described as need information. Customers and stakeholders, in
general, also offer ideas that have been called solution information, which represents, not only need
information, but also customer-based proposals that describe how ideas can be transformed into
marketable products. The term of creative industries refers to those goods that can technically be
reproduced, industrially produced, and commercially sold, this being one of the many definitions
found in the literature. Mulino Bianco was first launched in Italy, being one of the value brands of
Barilla Group, which we can say, according to the Italian definition and classification, it belongs to
creative industries: industry of food and taste. Even though Barilla Groups Research & Development
department does its job very efficiently, developing and creating new products under different brands,
lately a key strategy for the Group and for Mulino Bianco, by default, is customers pro-active
involvement in products development or creation. One of the tools used for this is the Internet Toolkit
and Web 2.0. by means of which customers are being invited to participate in competitions, being
asked to design and share their concepts / views for new products, or to get involved in by voting those
ideas they best like and would love to find them on markets. The aim of this paper is to explore and
identify the involvement of stakeholders in Mullino Biancos product development or improvement
through creativity and innovation. As methodology approach, a case study about Mulino Bianco was
done, and the foreseen result is highlighting the Nel Mulino Che Vorrei platforms features for
consumers engagement in the value creation and co-creation.
Abstract:
Key words: co-creation, co-innovation, creativity, creative industries, innovation, and value creation.
216

Paper ID: E-9
CREATIVITY AND INNOVATION BY EMPOWERING THE CUSTOMER:

THE CASE OF MULLINO BIANCO (B)
Adriana Bujor & Silvia Avasilci
Corresponding author: Adriana Bujor, adbujor@gmail.com
The terms of creativity, co-creation, creative industries, innovation, and co-innovation are
more and more used nowadays. While co-creation offers the possibility and encourages a more active
involvement from the customers to create value rich experiences, innovation is responsible for the little
improvements made for a better life, to grow a business, to improve products, services or companys
productivity. Either customers, current and potential, or stakeholders involvement into innovation
activities, through their creativity, represent an important way of value creation, of actions
performance that increases the worth of goods, services, or business as a whole. More and more,
different size businesses gather ideas for innovation from customers / stakeholders by involving them
into the early stages of the innovation process. Actually, it has been shown that their ideas sketch their
needs and wishes, and have been described as need information. Customers and stakeholders, in
general, also offer ideas that have been called solution information, which represents, not only need
information, but also customer-based proposals that describe how ideas can be transformed into
marketable products. The term of creative industries refers to those goods that can technically be
reproduced, industrially produced, and commercially sold, this being one of the many definitions
found in the literature. Mulino Bianco was first launched in Italy, being one of the value brands of
Barilla Group, which we can say, according to the Italian definition and classification, it belongs to
creative industries: industry of food and taste. Even though Barilla Groups Research & Development
department does its job very efficiently, developing and creating new products under different brands,
lately a key strategy for the Group and for Mulino Bianco, by default, is customers pro-active
involvement in products development or creation. One of the tools used for this is the Internet Toolkit
and Web 2.0. by means of which customers are being invited to participate in competitions, being
asked to design and share their concepts / views for new products, or to get involved in by voting those
ideas they best like and would love to find them on markets. The aim of this paper is to explore and
identify the involvement of stakeholders in Mullino Biancos product development or improvement
through creativity and innovation. As methodology approach, a case study about Mulino Bianco was
done, and the foreseen result is highlighting the Nel Mulino Che Vorrei platforms features for
consumers engagement in the value creation and co-creation.
Abstract:
Key words: co-creation, co-innovation, creativity, creative industries, innovation, and value creation.
217

Paper ID: E-10
ORGANIZATIONAL CONTEXT RELATIONSHIPS WITH HUMAN

RESOURCES MOTIVATION AND WORK PERFORMANCE
Gabriela Rusu & Silvia Avasilcai
Corresponding author: Gabriela Rusu, grusu@tex.tuiasi.ro
Recent studies regarding human resources motivation and human resources performance
management emphasized the role of the organizational context in the current dynamic business
environment affecting the employees work in organizations. Thus, the current study highlights the
relationships of outmost importance between contextual factors influencing employees motivation,
which foster job performance. The current paper aims to develop a research framework, focusing on
identifying the most important categories of contextual variables which influence employees
engagement at work and their work performance. The research consisted of analysing and critically
reviewing the current literature of strategic human resource management, emphasizing the role of the
link between human resources management and performance through the High Performance Work
Practices considered as a system which contribute to company performance by motivating employees
to adopt attitudes and desired behaviors for achieving the strategic objectives of the organization.
Thus, based on 3C heuristic model of motivation developed by Kanfer, Chen and Gilad, and the
strategic human resources management developments, the current research approach highlights the
importance of strategically integrating the human resource management in order to achieve high
sustainable performance. Thus, identifying the most important contextual variables and taking into
account the interactionist perspective person-context, the research framework provides the
relationships regarding the relevant contextual dimensions influencing human resources motivation
correlated with employees performance. Accordingly, the current study emphasizes a systemic model
of analysing motivation and human resources performance in the organizational context, outlining the
dynamic and transformation of the employees motivation at the time they reach in the company,
affected by organizational processes changes materialized in organizational context influences on
human resources motivation, resulting in employees engagement, high work performance and
sustainable organizational performance. Moreover, the research emphasizes the role of the strategic
human resource management practices as being of the outmost importance in influencing employees
motivation and performance, but also the influences of employee relations climate and organizational
culture as predictors of enhancing human resources motivation and performance. The results of the
paper indicate a strategic approach of the human resource management system which outlines the
human resource practices as the main factor for increasing human resources performance in
organizations, through enhancing the level of employees motivation. In conclusion, the current paper
provides relevant insights for managers to foster the organizational positive outcomes, through
employees engagement which generates sustainable organizational performance.
Abstract:
Key words: organizational context, human resource practices, employees motivation, organizational performance,
employees engagement, strategic human resource management.
218

Paper ID: E-11
INNOVATION MANAGEMENT BASED ON PROACTIVE ENGAGEMENT OF

CUSTOMERS: A CASE STUDY ON LEGO GROUP (A)
Silvia Avasilcai & Gabriela Rusu
Customersproactive engagement in the innovation process represents a business priority for

companies which adopt the open innovation business model. In such a context, it is of outmost
importance for companies to use the online environment and social media, in order to create an
interactive and open dialogue with customers and other important external stakeholders, achieving to
gather creative solutions and innovative ideas by involving them in the process of co-creating value.
Thus, the current paper is based on a case study approach, which aims to highlight the open innovation
business model of the LEGO Group, one of the most successful and active company in engaging
customers in submitting ideas and creative solutions for developing new products and new
tehchnologies, through online platforms. The study then proceeds to analyze the innovation
management at LEGO Group, emphasizing the most important elements regarding the management
team, the success and failures, the evolution of the LEGO products focusing on the innovation efforts
of the company, its mission, vision, and values, emphasizing the innovation terms which guide the
actions and objectives of the LEGO Group. Also, the research based on the case study approach,
outlines the most important policies and strategies of the comapny, the organizational structure
consisting of flat structures which facilitate the orientation of the team management on the innovation
process and the proactive involvement of consumers and other external stakeholders in product
development, highlighting also the most important activities developed by the management team in
exploring the new opportunities which may occur on the market, involving customers in sharing their
ideas at festivals, participating to discussions of adult fans on web-based platforms and establishing
partnerships with the external stakeholders in order to create value. Moreover, the paper is focused on
identifying the companys concerns regarding the competitive strategies, new technologies developed
for sustainable development and innovation, emphasizing also the concerns of the LEGO Group for a
long-term orientation strategy which implies developing innovative products, made by ecological
materials, reducing the negative impact on the environment. In addition, the company aims to foster
innovation maintaining a clear vision, multiple contacts with the internal and external environment,
and the flat structures which enable the communication between innovative management teams and
top management team. Consequently, the study provides the insights regarding the innovation
management of the LEGO Group, emphasizing the role of engaging customers and other external
stakeholders in the co-creation of value.
Abstract:
Key words: co-creation, innovation, customers engagement, online platforms, value creation.
219

Paper ID: E-12
INNOVATION MANAGEMENT BASED ON PROACTIVE ENGAGEMENT OF

CUSTOMERS: A CASE STUDY ON LEGO GROUP (B)
Gabriela Rusu & Silvia Avasilcai
Abstract: To
foster the development of innovative products and new technologies, nowadays companies
use an open innovation system, encouraging stakeholders to contribute, using the companies online
platforms for open innovation or social media, bringing and sharing creative solutions and ideas in
order to respond to challenging needs the company directly expresses. Accordingly, the current
research continues the analysis of the LEGO Group innovation efforts, aiming to provide a case study
approach based on describing the most important projects and online instruments company uses to
interact with customers and other external stakeholders. Thus, by analysing the experience of the
company in developing projects of involving stakeholders in the innovation processes, the article
emphasizes the objective of these past projects developed by LEGO Group, outlining their objectives
regarding the focus on the product or process innovation, the team management and stakeholders
involved in the innovation actions and the results they obtained. Morever, the case study highlights the
features of the most important online instruments LEGO Group uses at the moment for engaging
LEGO fans, children, parents, and other external stakeholders in developing new LEGO sets. Thus,
LEGO online instruments provide the opportunity for customers to be creative and to respond to
LEGO management team challenges. Accordingly, LEGO involve customers in bringing innovative
ideas for LEGO sets through LEGO Ideas instrument, which aims to engage customers in submitting
projects, voting and supporting ideas and also sharing them on social media. Also, the research
emphasizes the role of supporting the open dialogue and interaction with customers and other external
stakeholders through LEGO.com Create & Share Galleries instrument, using their creativity to upload
innovative models in the public galleries. The continuous challenges LEGO launches for their fans
create a lon-term connection between company and its customers, supporting the value co-creation
process, as the submitted ideas can materialize in new LEGO products which can be found on the
market. As a consequence, customers engagement in the co-creation processs facilitated by the
multiple online instruments provided by LEGO, resulted in positive outcomes for the company
regarding new product development for the sets launched on the market to satisfy changing needs of
their customers. The results provided by this case study approach can be useful for the business
environment and academia as well in order to understand the role of engaging customers in the open
innovation process, creating a competitive advantage on the market for companies.
Key words: online platforms, value co-creation, customers engagement, creative ideas, innovation, stakeholders.
220

Paper ID: E-13
INNOVATION THROUGH DEVELOPING CONSUMERS COMMUNITIES.

PART I: INNOVATION IN ACTION
Elena Galateanu (Avram) & Silvia Avasilcai
Gheorghe Asachi Techical University of Iasi, Departement of Engineering and Management,
Corresponding author: Elena Galateanu (Avram), egalateanu@tex.tuiasi.ro
Technological changes and need for innovation represents the main concerns for
organizational growth and profitability. However the main priority is still about achieving high
performance through product development and consumers engagement activities. As implementation
of open innovation applications increased and value co creation became well known and major
process, companies were engaged into value co innovation activities. From this point of view the
need for joint efforts with consumers in product development arose. Thus the primary condition for an
organization to be consumer centric is to define clear the vision and mission which reflects the
common efforts for co creation and diffusion of innovation. As Research & Development processes
evolved and interest for innovative concepts and products arose, companies started to implement the
specific instruments for consumers attraction and engagement into design and product development.
The digitalized innovation became the main source for establishing the direct communication with the
consumers. In order to achieve organization growth, profitability and recognition, the companies
should be aware of the innovation importance and the need for internal change. From this point of
view, there is necessary to assess the organizational structures, to implement new policies and to
establish strategic targets.
Basically it is justified the need for platform occurrence and development. Based on case study of
BMW Group, recognised leader in automotive industry for innovative concepts, there will be analysed
main features within organizational context which promotes the innovation implementation. There will
be provided the review of the BMW Group experience of innovation activities, main consumers
engagement strategies, the values which promote the consumer centric product development, new
opportunities assessment, major policies and concerns. The foreseen result is to understand how
companies are adapting to the technical and innovation changes as the main criteria for future product
development and consumers engagement motivation through the platform based communication.
Abstract:
Key words: co creation, consumers engagement, innovation policies, product development, open innovation.
221

Paper ID: E-14
INNOVATION THROUGH DEVELOPING CONSUMERS COMMUNITIES.

PART II: DIGITALIZING THE INNOVATION PROCESSES
Silvia Avasilcai & Elena Galateanu (Avram)
Gheorghe Asachi Techical University of Iasi, Departement of Engineering and Management,
Corresponding author: Elena Galateanu (Avram), egalateanu@tex.tuiasi.ro
The current research recognises the concept of innovation as the main driver for organisational
growth and profitability. The companies seek to develop new ways to engage consumers and
customers into co creation value through the product design, development and distribution processes.
However the main concern is manifested for new and creative ways of customization products based
on consumers requirements and needs. Thus the need for innovative virtual instruments arose as the
demand from social communities for personalised products or services increased. Basically companies
should develop own innovative platforms, where consumers can participate, with ideas, concepts or
other relevant contributions, and interact with designers or engineers for product development.
This paper aims to present the most important features of platform development within BMW Group
as a concept and as innovative instrument. From this point of view it is important to enhance past
experiences of the company in the field of co creation projects. There will be highlighted the dual
consumers character as co creator and co evaluator based on their involvement in the proposed
and developed projects and platform structure.
The significant impact on platform functioning it has the diversity of companys concerns for Research
& Development and innovation activities. From this point of view there will be assessed the platform
structure, the main proposed themes and the evaluation process. The main outcome is to highlight the
significance of platform development as innovative tool for consumers communities enhancement.
Based on the analysis of BMW Co-Creation Lab, there will be revealed the main consumers
concerns in terms of safety, comfort and appearance of the products. Thus it is important to understand
the evaluation process of gathered ideas and intellectual property policy.
The importance of platform development and implementation will be highlighted by companys results
in terms of Research & Developments investments and future projects which will be proposed,
assessed and implemented by BMW Group in order toshow the responsility for their products and
consumers.
Abstract:
Key words: consumers community, platform, virtual instrument, co creation lab, innovation.
222

Paper ID: E-15
INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL MANAGEMENT IN LOCAL PUBLIC

ADMINISTRATION: STRATEGIC PLANNING ENGINE
Ionu Viorel Herghiligiu1, Mihaela Luminia Lupu1, Bogdan Balaniscu 1, Christian Robledo2
& Abdessamad Kobi2
1

Blvd.Mangeron, No. 29, 700050, Iasi, Romania
2
University of Angers, LASQUO, 62 Avenue Notre-Dame du Lac, 49000 Angers, France
Corresponding author: Ionut Viorel Herghiligiu, ionut.herghiligiu@etud.univ-angers.fr
Abstract: The
human society has progressed during the last decades to a knowledge-based economy and
as a result the organizations from public services have reconsidered the level of importance regarding
the human capital, research, information/ knowledge engineering, and strategic planning design. The
purpose of this article is to provide to Romanian local administration an efficient tool (an efficient
methodology) that could analyses the intangible assets because these assets develop and implement
different local strategy on long term view. Although strategi planning and intelletual apital are very
wide spread in present literature, the onept of intelletual apital as a pillar for strategi planning is
less approhed. Therefore the paper focus on the relationship between intellectual capital (human
capital/ structural capital/ relational capital) and the strategic planning process at the local public
administration level. The construction of the analysis methodology took into account also various
organizational internal factors (e.g.: commitment, compliance, participation, information system) and
external organizational factors (e.g.: government policy, legal regulations and official regulations
regarding the organizational structure).This paper shows the great importance of intellectual capital
comprised in the process of strategic planning in order to overcome the challenges of various changes
in the environment and to contribute actively to the development of local administrations.
Key words: intellectual capital, strategic planning, knowledge management, local public administration.
223

Paper ID: E-16
STATISTICAL METHODS USED IN ELECTRICAL ENERGY

MANAGEMENT
Petrua Mihai, Alexandra Ioanid, Elena Fleac & Bogdan Fleac
Politehnica University of Bucharest, Faculty of Entrepreneurship, Business Engineering and Management,
313 Splaiul Independentei Street, 060042, Bucharest, Romania
Corresponding author: Petruta Mihai, mihaipetruta@yahoo.com
The importance of the forecast in management is very important. The initiatory of the private
process of the electricity distribution, the generalization of the dealing on the market, the substantion
of a new mechanisms and instruments for the market risk management and the bigger decentralization
of the dealing with electric energy are some of the most important aspects in which the forecast studies
on short term, are very important. In this context, the paper shows a lot of aspects connected with the
forecast on short term of the electric energy consumption.
The powerful industrial development has brought important changes in all areas, and this were
reflected in the environment, and also at the society level.
This means firstly to establish by forecast the future development and the corect appreciation of the
factors impact and the decisions on the future, and secondly, the decisions phase, are introduced the
castigations needed for the purposes. Is self-understood that because of the forecast and taking
decisions, are processes which are developed in time, in conditions of aleatory perturbation, the
adaptation process must be continuous, showed in forecasts and rehearses castigations which will
maintain the evolution on the target. More, once we are close to the specific targets, in the future are
new targets, who presumes new forecast horizons and new decisions.
The forecast can be defined like approximately of the unknown events from the future; this thing is
necessary because of the existence of some unknown events, but this event play an important role in
taking some decisions. It is obvious that the uncertainty's elimination is not possible, so the forecast is
a tool who tries to minimize these uncertainties. The forecast of the energy's request presumes the
estimation of this request's characteristics: size, time evolution, the request's structure, and so on. The
forecast of the electrical charge is a tool of a modern EMS.
Abstract:
Key words: statistical methods, forecast, electrical energy, consumption.
224

Paper ID: E-17
FORECASTING METHODS FOR MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

Petrua Mihai, Alexandra Ioanid, Bogdan Fleac & Elena Fleac
Corresponding author: Petruta Mihai, mihaipetruta@yahoo.com
The management of an organization implies the existence of a forecast. In modern

management had been established some landmarks for realizing the forecast. The method used is
called forecast management. Achieving a forecast management implies: performing forecasts for the
determination of the future state of systems; defining strategies that would allow the evolution of the
organization on the desired path and elaborating a plan to describe the evolution towards the desired
state.
For organizational management there are performed forecasts that improve the decision process by
appreciating the future consequences of a present decision. The forecast theme performed for an
organization refers to: changing the organization policy in order to avoid difficulties that might appear
in the future. This implies redefining the objectives and modifying the strategies. The paper presents
the forecast methods necessary when realizing a forecast: exploratory methods and normative
methods. The exploratory methods used are the chronological series method, scenarios method,
Markov chains. Also, as normative method was used the Pattern method. In an organization there are
performed: development forecasts; marketing forecasts, labor force forecasts; economical forecasts,
technological forecasts.
Abstract:
Key words: Forecasting management, forecast, chronological series, Markov chains.
225

Paper ID: E-18
EARLY EQUIPMENT MANAGEMENT AND EARLY PRODUCT

MANAGEMENT IN PRODUCTION PLANT
Anna Kiljan & Marek Roszak
Biomaterials, Konarskiego 18A, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
Corresponding author: Anna Kiljan, anna.kiljan@polsl.pl
Early Equipment Management (EEM) and Early Product Management (EPM) in production
plant. Equipment management in facility causes many problems like: production difficulties,
maintenance difficulties, quality faults, difficulties in reaching high levels of OEE in short time after
installation of devices or safety requirements not always simple to solve. All this kind of problems
causes increase of production costs. Level of production costs is determinant of facility
competitiveness.
The purpose of this work is to show the best usage of EEM and EPM on particular example in
production, to minimize costs, reduce life cycle cost and vertical start-up.The problem can be solve by:
limiting the equipment life cycle cost, manufacture reliable device, easy to maintain, available, safe,
easy to control and clean, fast start (installation) of new equipment and high quality of product.
EEM methodology has the purpose of creating competitive equipment, appropriate not from
technological innovation point of view but from point of view of continuous improvement through
problems overtaking ability, which might appear in those equipments. It is possible by considering the
experience with previous machines and uses it in developing the new ones in both installation and
operating phase. Application of EEM expects precise cooperation those who work in developing new
equipment (Technology Department), suppliers, those who work in developing the product and those
who work in production, especially maintenance personnel. This is to create verification check lists of
developing and characteristic phase, which product has to guarantee (Design Reviev), which contain
experience from previous equipment management in facility (determining the risk, analysis and
solving the problems), and which deliver as a result equipment able to ensure:
o product with high quality, received by design for quality (QAD Quality Assurance Design);
o minimal cost, by LCC design (minimize LCC Life Cycle Cost);
o shorter lead time of developing, using Design Review system in equipment developing process;
o greater flexibility;
o safety and easiness in equipment operation;
o reliability and maintenance ability.
The result of this work is presentation on particular example in manufacturing facility usage of above
described methodologies for early solving and problem prediction related to purchase and operation of
equipment and manufacturing specific product.
Abstract:
Key words: product, equipment, production management, company, minimal cost, production plant.
226

Paper ID: E-19
THE METHOD OF BUILDING A KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

IN A MANUFACTURING COMPANY
Alfred Paszek & Piotr Wittbrodt
Opole University of Technology, 76 Prszkowska Street 45-758 Opole, Poland
Corresponding author: Alfred Paszek, a.paszek@po.opole.pl
The paper presents examples of knowledge management system construction on the basis of
research methodology. The presentation of examples starts from the knowledge resources analysis of a
given company, representing a group of specialized manufacturers of railroad points of railway and
tram lines, railroads intersections and their constituent elements. Products knowledge resources have
been divided into two basic information groups: general and detailed information about railroad
turnouts subassemblies. Each of the groups represents significant products features and includes their
examples. Production systems knowledge resources are based on the characteristics of treatment
technology applied in the company. Examples of input and output information sets and diagrams of
knowledge flow within a company have been presented under the analysis of production processes
knowledge. The paper includes examples of determined knowledge management processes support
methods. The process or knowledge resources location is based on elaborated knowledge maps. The
maps facilitate fast determining of distinct competencies of the individual employees and such
locations within a company, which provide information necessary for starting new production. A
method based on a structure of knowledge forms has been applied in the process of knowledge
obtaining. It facilitates ordering of information sets which refer to the problem to be solved and a
record of knowledge in form of decision rules. The forms facilitate additionally an introduction of
decision explanation mechanisms in the knowledge management system. Examples of production
knowledge processing stages have presented at the technological production preparation range of a
given assortment. Methods applied in them are based on expert methods. A staged production
preparation process was elaborated for the purpose of knowledge identification, with distinguished
significant decision problems. This facilitates identification of knowledge which is necessary for
solving a problem and their subsequent ordering according to a method of knowledge management
system construction. Knowledge formalization is based on construction of designing principles, with
detailed information on the technological process. Examples of graphic formalization and a record of
rules for the design of railroad turnouts elements treatment have been included. The implementation
stage was linked with the processes of use and maintenance of production knowledge. Example of PCshell system application was presented, applied in the construction of knowledge base for initial
treatment technological operations of chosen elements. The system elements in form of blocks have
been described in detail: facets, rules and control as well as the programme instructions applied. The
final part includes part of the programme source code and examples of forms, generated during the
system work.
Abstract:
227

Paper ID: E-20
MULTI-ASSORTMENT RHYTHMIC PRODUCTION

PLANNING AND CONTROL
Bozena Skolud 1, Damian Krenczyk1 & Marcin Zemczak 2
1
Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Konarskiego 18A, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
2
University of Bielsko-Biala, Department of Production Engineering, Willowa 2, 43-309 Bielsko-Biala, Poland
Corresponding author: Bozena Skolud, bozena.skolud@polsl.pl
Multiassortment rhythmic production is characterized by the rhythmic character of the

production flow and the simultaneous realization of various products. In this type of production,
regular repetition of manufacturing operations performed on system resources, on which for every
constant period T, the same sequence of operations is repeated for each resource and after the last one
system returns to the first operation in the sequence. This paper presents a method of production
planning and control based on the combined concepts of rhythmic production and flow logic. This
approach allows to put together the simultaneous production of a large range of products and the need
to produce in batches and a pull production system. The concept of a flow logic in supply chains that is
approaches in which the abandonment of production in batches for the production of individual
components, which is based on the classification of products into four groups. Elements from the last
of group are eliminated as too different and requiring significant investments in set ups, with slight
benefit to the manufacturer. Possibility of production of individual single batches, while keeping
cyclical nature of production requires also development of (except transform the internal set up's into
external, which do not affect the production cycle) algorithms to provide fast changes between two
steady-states (two different cycles of production flow) during the transitional phases. Changes in the
production cycles are necessary to be able to realize production of the so-called fixed volume mixed
sequence, in which production is distributed evenly throughout the day.
Such organization of the manufacturing processes flow requires a completely new way of verifying
orders to concurrent execution and flow control. In the paper methods of production planning
assumptions based on the rhythmic flow balancing for the one size batch unit have been presented.
Determination of the quality indicators of production, which guarantee production flow without
deadlocks and starvations, and the quantity production indicators, such as, production delays,
utilization of resources, size of the inter-resource buffers. In the next part the method of determining
the sequence of operations for transient phase between two known steady-states established for
rhythmic production, without termination and restart of the whole production has been presented. This
approach significantly reduces the set-up times associated with assortment changes and helps to
minimize the size of the production batches.
Abstract:
Key words: production planning, transient state, manufacturing systems, management, constraint satisfaction, flow logic.
228

Paper ID: E-21
PILOT STUDY ON THE SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP AWARENESS OF

THE FUTURE BUSINESS ENGINEERS
Elena Fleac, Anca Alexandra Purcrea, Bogdan Fleac, Petrua Mihai & Octavian Negoi
Corresponding author: Elena Fleac, elenafleaca@yahoo.com
As a key reaction to the evolution of social and environmental concerns, there is a growing
recognition of the need for preparing the future generations of business engineers to create and sustain
social value. The engineering education has to go beyond the technical knowledge and to develop
business behaviours that take into account a positive return to the society.
The paper tackles an interdisciplinary view between engineering education, entrepreneurship, and
social responsibility domains by reviewing and benchmarking the relevant concepts and initiatives at
international level, in terms of addressing these challenges in the marketplace.
The research methodology was firstly consisted of a qualitative research on the competitive literature
on social entrepreneurship and business engineering education requirements to capture the inner
connections between the future of business market and the pressure on addressing economic, social,
and environmental aspects, in an integrated manner. Secondarily, the authors have undertaken a
quantitatively research aims at assessing the awareness of social entrepreneurship of business
engineering students with respect to: knowledge, attitude, expectations and behaviours. A survey based
on questionnaires was conducted among 50 students in business engineering field from a higher
education provider in Romania.
The study was limited to the students perceptions and do not take into consideration other stakeholders
opinions concerning the social entrepreneurship endeavours. However, the research results emphasize
the gap between the evolution of business engineer profession and the students awareness related to
social entrepreneurship.
The results are supporting the substantial role of social responsibility thinking and awareness emerged
from gaining a larger understanding of how issues related to society allow future business engineers to
act as social entrepreneurs and develop innovative solutions and mobilize available resources to affect
the greater global society.
Finally, the authors paid attention on how adopting and leveraging worthy education endeavours in
social entrepreneurship are stimulating benefits for the future business engineers by becoming
innovative social entrepreneurs. Therefore, the social entrepreneurial thinking is helping students, the
future business engineers, to boarder understand the context of business market issues from a crossdisciplinary view that transcend technical disciplines, fields and theories.
The key consequences of the paper emerge from the major role of business engineering education in
preparing business engineers for the forthcoming marketplace requirements in a way that can improve
the people quality of life.
Abstract:
Key words: engineering education, entrepreneurship, social responsibility, social entrepreneurship.
229

Paper ID: E-22
RISK ASSESSMENT TECHNIQUES WITH APPLICABILITY IN MARINE

ENGINEERING
Evgeniy Rudenko 1, Fanel Viorel Panaitescu 2 & Mariana Panaitescu 2
1
Odessa National Maritime University, 34, Mechnikov Street, Odessa, 65029, Ukraine,
2
104 Mircea cel Batran Street, 900663, Constanta
Corresponding author: Panaitescu Mariana, marianapan@yahoo.com
Abstract:
Risk assessment is the determination of quantitative or qualitative value of risk related to a

concrete situation and a recognized threat (hazard). Risk assessment is not about creating huge
amounts of paperwork, but rather about identifying sensible measures to control risks. The risk risk
assessment techniques are: Fault Tree analysis (FTA), Even Tree Analysis (ETA), Bow Tie Analysis
(BTA), risk matrix, Monte Carlo simulation and markov analysis.
In this paper we will consider as risk assessment techniques: Fault Tree analysis
(FTA), Even Tree Analysis (ETA) and Bow Tie Analysis (BTA). The objectives are: understand
purpose of FTA and ETA, understand and apply rules of Boolean algebra, understand ETA process,
analyse a simple system using FTA and ETA, FTA and ETA advantages and disadvantages.
Purpose of the work:
The main purpose is to help identify potential causes of system failures

before the failures actually occur. Can also be used to evaluate the probability of the Top event using
analytical or statistical methods.The keys points are: examines a system from Top to Down, provides
graphycal simbols for easy of understanding, incorporates mathematical tools to focus on critical areas,
logic diagrams are used to identify the cause of the Top event, a logic diagram (Fault Tree, Even Tree)
is constructed to show the event relationship, getting the probability of occurrence of the top event.
The procedure for undertaking FTA involves 5 steps: a) system description, including definition of
system boundary; b) hazard identification and selection of the Top event; c) construction of the fault
tree; d) qualitative examination of the structure; e) quantitative evaluation of the fault tree. In ETA
process it will be: define the system, identify the accident, identify the initiating events, identify the
pivotal events, built the event tree diagram, obtain the failure event probabilities, identify the outcome
risk, evaluate the outcome risk and recommend corrective actions. In this paper will analyse two cases:
pressure tank and valves-for FTA analysis and fire protection system-for ETA analysis.
Research and methodology:
Results: In
the finally of study it will be obtained: for FTA analysis-criticas areas with Boolean algebra,
logic diagrams (Fault tree), the probability of the Top event; for ETA analysis- accident scenario,
initiating event (IE), pivotal events, probabilistic risk assessment (PRA), event tree (ET). The results
can provide either qualitative or quantitative data for the risk assessment process.
Key words: risk, analysis, evaluation, technique, fault, tree, even.
230

Paper ID: E-23
FUZZY METHODS IN DECISION MAKING PROCESS - A PARTICULAR

APPROACH IN MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS
Adriana Mihaela Coroiu
Babes-Bolyai University, Faculty of Mathematics and Computer-Science,
Mihail Kogalniceanu Str., No. 1, Cluj-Napoca 400084, Cluj, Romania
Coresponding author: Adriana Mihaela Coroiu, adrianac@cs.ubbcluj.ro
We are living in a competitive environment, so we can see and understand that the most of
manufacturing firms do the best in order to accomplish meeting demand, increasing quality, decreasing
costs, and delivery rate. In present the development of fuzzy technology represent an interest area of
research. A particular area is represented by development of methodologies to enhance the ability to
managed complicated optimization and decision making problems involving non-probabilistic
uncertainty in order to understand, development, and practice the fuzzy technologies for solving
economic, engineering, management, and societal problems. Fuzzy analysis represents a method for
solving problems which are related to uncertainty and vagueness, it is used in multiple area, such as
engineering and has applications in decision making problems, planning and production. Decision
making can be defined as a result of mental processes based on cognitive process in nature leading to
the selection of a course of action among several alternatives. Each process of decision making has as
result a final choice and the output can be an action or an opinion of choice. Different types of
uncertainty can be discovered in a wide variety of optimization and decision making problems related
to planning and operation of power systems and subsystems. The mixture of the uncertainty factor in
the construction of different models serves for increasing their adequacy and, as a result, the reliability
and factual efficiency of decisions based on their analysis. Another definition of decision making
process which came to illustrate and sustain the necessity of using fuzzy method: the decision making
is an approach of choosing a strategy among many different projects in order to achieve some purposes
and is formulated as three different models: high risk decision, usual risk decision and low risk
decision - some specific formulas of fuzzy logic. The fuzzy set concepts has some certain
parameterization features which are certain extensions of crisp and fuzzy relations respectively and
have a rich potential for application to the decision making problems. The proposed approach from this
paper presents advantages of fuzzy approach, in comparison with other paradigm and presents a
particular way in which fuzzy logic can emerge in decision making process and planning process with
implication, as a simulation, in manufacturing - involved in measuring performance of advanced
manufacturing systems. Finally, an example is presented to illustrate our simulation.
Abstract:
Key words: decision making process, planning process, advanced manufacturing, fuzzy sets, uncertainty.
231

Paper ID: E-24
FRAMEWORK MANAGEMENT METHODS TO MEASURING THE

INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES PERFORMANCE BY SIMULATION
Florina-Cristina Filip & Vladimir Marascu-Klein
Transilvania University of Brasov, Department of Engineering and Industrial Management,
Mihai Viteazul Str., No. 5, 500174, Brasov, Romania
Corresponding author: Florina-Cristina Filip, florina-cristina.filip@unitbv.ro
This paper describes the development and design of a reliable informatic product that enable
to measuring the industrial processes performance by management framework methods. The
informatic product MSSP (Modeling and Simulation of Production Systems), facilitates the
mechanisms of identification and selection of decisions and management methods applied to improve
the industrial process. Validation of the MSSP product is carried out through a significant case study
that describes and investigates the impact of rejection rate on the production rate of an assembly line
and the use of simulation in supporting system design and in improving manufacturing performance. It
briefly describes typical problems that call for the use of simulation and then explains how the relevant
data are collected. The core of the paper, how the integrated simulation tool assembly works, its
benefits and limitations and its application on the investigation of rejection rate is discussed.
Modelling and simulation of the assembly line AML (Assembly Main Line), is carried out using the
Witness simulation system. MSSP is an interface between Witness simulation system and three Excel
components used to modeling and simulation the assembly line AML. Simulation is a rewarding tool
for industrial processes, especially in the system design and launching phases. The component-based
nature of the simulation system has made building of accurate assembly line models very easy even to
end users with limited simulation expertise. This has helped managers to concentrate more on the
analysis and performance evaluation of simulation results, and in examining ways of improving
performance. It is hardly surprising therefore that modelling and simulation is used by managers to
take the risk out of business change. On the whole, the informatic product MSSP and the analysis tools
have proven to be effective to modelate and simulate the assembly line AML, and to collect relevant
results for the impact of rejection rate on the industrial process. So, the industrial product MSSP
provide centralized and processed information which are useful in making decisions about
implementing frame management methods to continuous improvement of industrial processes. By
validating the assembly line AML model, it's confirming that it was properly built, provided that the
input data are correct and correspond with reality. The MSSP informatic product is used not only in the
simulation experiments of assembly line AML, but it can be used to simulate any real production
process, which requires the identification and implementation of effective management framework
methods.
Abstract:
Key words: assembly line, interface, method, model, rejection rate, simulation.
232

Paper ID: E-25
THE 5S LEAN METHOD AS A TOOL OF INDUSTRIAL MANAGEMENT

PERFORMANCES
Florina-Cristina Filip & Vladimir Marascu-Klein
Transilvania University of Brasov, Department of Engineering and Industrial Management,
Mihai Viteazul Str., No. 5, 500174, Brasov, Romania
Corresponding author: Florina-Cristina Filip, florina-cristina.filip@unitbv.ro
Implementation of lean management methods involves using of several techniques, which not
form a defining feature of the method, but are resources for implementing the concepts and rules of
efficient frame management methods. Following the lean management methods and techniques
applicable to solving more specific and not general problems, they differ by the management systems.
This paper describes the impact of 5S lean method implemented to storing, cleaning, developing and
sustaining a production working place from an industrial company. The 5S method implementation is
carried out through a significant case study whose purpose to identify, analyse and deployment the
method in order to enable visibility of problems and working mistakes, reducing waste (stationary and
waiting times), transparency and clarity of material flow, storage areas by properly marking and
labelling, establishing standards work (everyone knows exactly where are the necessary things), safety
and ergonomic working places (the health of all employees). The 5S method requires organization and
safety of the working process, properly marking and labelling of the working place, and audits to
establish the work in progress and to mentain the improved activities. The 5S case study describes
typical problems of industrial process performance and aims implementation of efficient management
methods. The 5S implementation get the advantage of waste reducing, reducing the time access to the
materials and needed tools, cleaning and orderly workplace, safety increase at the working place,
productivity increase, improving discipline, stress reducing, and quick detection of problems. In the
aim of checking the 5S method and to sustain the implemented process, was used the 5S audit. The 5S
audit is a standard tool used for periodical or permanent reviewing and verification of the 5S method.
To implement the standardization process, was created a standard sheet of marking the production
areas. To sustain the standardization process was drawing a standard form by which is doing the
process confirmation of all workplaces. The standardization form help keeping safety and quality
rules, keeping sequence of working steps, and keeping process implementations. The process
confirmation main objective is to observe the work process and identify the weaknesses. Responsible
for doing the process confirmation is the shop leader whit support of lean expert and the production
preparation responsible. So, management performance of industrial process can be influenced by the
visual management applied to improve the process organization, to increase the working environment
quality, and to eliminate mistakes.
Abstract:
Key words: audit, optimization, process confirmation, responsibility, task, waste.
233

Paper ID: E-26
DECOLORATION BY SORPTION ONTO MODIFIED COAL ASH WITH

LIME OF INDUSTRIAL EFFLUENTS. A CASE STUDY
Carmen Zaharia
Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi, Department of Environmental Engineering and Management,
Prof.Dr.docent D. Mangeron Blvd, No. 73, 700050, Iasi, Romania
Corresponding author: Carmen Zaharia, czah@ch.tuiasi.ro, czaharia2003@yahoo.com
Abstract: The
paper presents experimental data performed by sorption onto coal ash modified with lime
(named as Ads 1h, Ads 2h, Ads 3h, and/or Ads 4h) for a real industrial effluent (i.e. mixed textile
effluents from the final collector before entrance in the wastewater treatment plant). The main
operating parameters tested for high efficiency of decoloration were pH, sorbent dose, temperature,
and contact time. The results are encouraging, and help the industrial operator to respect the
requirements from the compliance plan imposed by the environmental regulator for legal and
environmental-friendly functioning of the manufacturing plant, and non-polluting discharges in the
natural aquatic receptor. Also, this one-single treatment stage can be easely integrated in the existing
wastewater treatment plant, and will help the industrial operator to recycle at least 40-70% of its
treated effluents in the technological manufacturing flux (three-four cycles).
Key words: coal ash with lime, effluent quality, industrial effluent, sorption, treatment performance.
Paper ID: E-27
FACTORY DESIGN, MATERIAL HANDLING AND AN INDUSTRIAL

STANDARDIZATION SOLUTION
George Belgiu1 & Constantin Cruu2
1
Politehnica University Timioara, Department of Management, Bv. Mihai Viteazul 1, 300222, Timioara, Romnia
2
Corresponding author: George Belgiu, george.belgiu@upt.ro
The new CAD tools offers robust functionality enabling manufacturers to create factory
layouts much faster than ever before. Minimize costs by taking advantage of existing market software
expertise to analyse factory layouts for material flow efficiency early on during the conceptual phase
of factory planning. In this order, facilities layout design CAD systems offer working environment
using 2D and 3D assets library for factory objects such as conveyors, robots, and material handling
equipment to help layout designs. This paper shows a connection between commercial existing
software for factory design and custom made optimization tool to help designers and industrial
managers in this process.
Abstract:
Key words: facilities layout, management, industrial engineering, CAD, CAE.
234

Paper ID: E-28
REDUCTION COSTS PRODUCTION IN ORDER TO INCREASE PRODUCT

MARKET COMPETITIVENESS
Ioana Catalina Enache & Ana-Maria Avramescu
(11 pt)
Politehnica University of Bucharest, Faculty of Aerospace Engineering,
313 Splaiul Independentei Str., 060042, Bucuresti, Romania
(10 pt)
(11 pt)
Corresponding author: Enache Ioana-Catalina, dobre.catalina@yahoo.fr
(11 pt)
(11 pt)
Knowing the cost of production is particularly important for determining the final cost of the
product and to achieve a marketing strategy. In determining the price level for a product company can
be guided by production costs, after application and by competition. Our first goal is to obtain a
product with minimal costs. Reducing production cost should not have negative influence on product
quality and service, but, simultaneously must ensure a quality increase. The studied product is a twodoor refrigerator produced by a Romanian company. The need to reduce the production cost occurred
when a competitor has released a product that has similar functional features and a competitive price.
In this article, after a detailed analysis from the point of view of construction that we did on the studied
product, we propose to simplify an area using a new part. The proposed target at the beginning of
project development is to reduce production costs by 20% of the studied area. The proposed solution
involves designing a new part that fulfills the same functions. In the design process will be taking into
account the ease with which the part can be assembled. A first advantage of the part design is the fact
that will not be used for assembly process two parts, but only one. Another advantage is that the part
assembly does not require the involvement of additional connection elements. These benefits have a
positive influence on the assembly flow and so in the entire production workflow. Another objective is
to reduce the cost of materials. Following an analysis of materials cost is proposed changing the type
of material that it is made the piece. The material cost analysis is made down by type of material that
the factory has in stock or which they can be purchased at no extra cost. The solution proposed for
reducing the cost of product involves some advantages from the point of view of construction of the
final product and in terms of production organization. Following this change has reduced the number
of workers due to the decrease in number of assembly operations and also the cycle time to produce
the new part fell. The calculation carried out will result a cost reduction for studied area by 39%,
which means a considerably annual benefit for the company.
Abstract:
Key words: cost production, part design, material reduction, assembly flow, competitive product.
235

Paper ID: E-29
A SYSTEM MODEL TO INTEGRATE THE GREEN MANUFACTURING

CONCEPT IN ROMANIAN MANUFACTURING ORGANISATION
Dana Iuliana Tilin, Miron Zapciu & Cristina Mohora
Politehnica University of Bucharest, Faculty of Engineering and Management of Technological Systems,
Splaiul Independenei No. 313, 060042, Bucharest, Romania
Corresponding author: Tilin Dana Iuliana, tilina.dana@gmail.com
In Romania, the large majority of the manufacturing companies consume natural resources
and energy in an unsustainable manner and release large amounts of greenhouse gases leading to
environmental, social and economic problems. Since the last decade, all the companies from various
fields of activity and especially those from the manufacturing sector are dealing with environmental
challenges and try to manage operations according to this responsible issue. This is one of the most
important business imperative according the U.E. market. The need of achieving economic prosperity
with least environmental impact has led to the manufacturing paradigm of Green Manufacturing.
Unfortunately, recent data published from the Romanian National Institute of Statistics, concerning the
manufacturing organizations in terms of environmental protection, are not so good. For example, only
1.414 organizations from a total of 45.052 have implemented an Environmental Management System.
Starting from these, the purpose of the postdoctoral research is to develop a model to integrate the
concept of "Green Manufacturing" at the organizational level based on the practices and principles
identified at the operational level in the context of eco-innovation. The aim of this model is to chart
guidelines in manufacturing industrial organizations to develop eco-innovative production systems.
The research methodology contains three stages: developing a methodology for the collection and
interpretation of data from the state of art concerning the involvement of the manufacturing industry in
the environmental issues, the second are development and validation of the model integration and the
last one development of measures to further improve production systems and the development of ecoinnovative actions tracking their implementation within the organization.
The proposed model has three stages. The first stage consists in the assessment of the current situation
of the organization. The second one, the diagnostic stage is based on the use of Environmental Key
Performance Indicators (E-KPIs) and the final stage consists in proposing measures which take in
account the continuous improvement and the impact on the production process, the degree adaptation
of company departments, productivity, etc. The Environmental Key Performance Indicators identified
in the diagnosis research were established according to the following aspects: the environmental
objectives of the organization, the period of time established for the diagnostic analysis (year, month),
the periodicity evaluation indicators (daily, weekly, monthly) and finally the established assessment
scale of the size indicators.
Abstract:
Key words: green manufacturing, evaluation, E-KPIs, environmental sustenability, Romania.
236

Paper ID: E-30
INNOVATIVE METHODS FOR KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER AND

MONITORING LEARNING EDUCATION COURSES ENGINEERING
Adrian Mihai Goanta
Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, Engineering and Agronomy Faculty of Braila,
Calea Calarasilor Str., 810017, Braila, Romania
Corresponding author: Adrian Mihai Goanta, goanta_a_m@yahoo.com
At this time, learning takes place, either with classic books on paper support or using books
scanned or drawn and further converted into PDF or PPT files that are printed on type support CD /
DVD. The latter modern means of learning, the study adds live on the Internet using search engines
and not least e-learning method, which allows the study of bibliographic related materials in PDF or
PPT, stacked and grouped on the basis of a curriculum imposed which can be accessed on a website
via a user name and password. Innovative methods come to successfully use other file types than those
mentioned above. The graphics in teaching technical subjects such as descriptive geometry can be
achieved using animated PowerPoint files, allowing for visualization of steps to be taken, in the case of
solving by drawing a descriptive geometry. Another innovative method relies on the use of HTML
files, inspired by related sites help design software packages that can be used when teaching
descriptive geometry that the technical design. Through this work, the author has proposed to present a
new innovative method, which is inspired by the methods listed above, but involves using AVI files to
teaching of computer-assisted type graphics or infographics. In general this new authors method lends
itself particularly well to the teaching of the use of software packages because the student actually see
the place from where the delivered command is accessed and contextual options of right button of the
mouse. These laboratory courses or mentoring can be freestanding cards support CD / DVD or can be
posted on websites with restricted access based on user name and password. Practically paper presents
the methodology of creating courses and tutorials in AVI format, and how to monitor the degree of
accessing the website, on which there were posted mentioned teaching materials, using the tools
offered by Google Analytics. The results consist of graphical work, about the degree of access to
educational materials, made on the basis of various criteria, such as the: time of access, access
location, age of those who accessed, chapters accessed, etc. Finally the author presents his findings on
the benefits of this method.
Abstract:
Key words: knowledge, innovative communication, e-learning, monitoring.
237

Paper ID: E-31
REVIEW ON INNOVATION AND RESEARCH BENCHMARKS IN THE

CONTEXT OF HIGHER EDUCATION CHALLENGES
Elena Fleac, Anca Alexandra Purcrea, Bogdan Fleac, Olivia Negoi & Octavian Negoi
Corresponding author: Elena Fleac, elenafleaca@yahoo.com
Economic crisis and structural weaknesses of European economy have determined the key
actors and decisional factors to share a common sense of urgency in overcoming these challenges. The
knowledge based economy and innovations, the more efficient use of resources, and a highemployment rate are the main mutually reinforcing priorities for the future of Europe.
The ten-year growth strategy for Europe, Europe 2020, places a great emphasis on investing in
research and innovation, as key means to address the shortcomings and create the circumstances for
different types of developments: smart, sustainable, and inclusive growth.
In the boundaries of the European Union countries, Romania is required to assume an active and
coherent role in overcoming barriers arisen from being the lowest performer country, with a rate of
expenditure in research and development below 0.5% GDP (percentage of gross domestic expenditure
on R&D).
The paper aims to review the key European Union initiatives on innovation and research in higher
education and qualitatively assess the gap between the innovation and research benchmarks and
Romanian situation.
The authors undertook a secondary research on scientific literature and documents analysis on the
available on-line sources of information (primary and secondary sources). The qualitative assessment
of the gap was based on a set of relevant criteria for innovation and research performance in higher
education: composite indicator of Research Excellence.
The research boundary is limited to reviewing the official documents, reports and studies from
European Commission and does not consider any other initiative related to innovation and research
endeavour. The study attempts to fill the knowing gap by systematically analyse the country statistical
data and the key initiatives in innovation and research that help to transform the current capacity
towards more knowledge-based and innovative structure.
Although, there is a substantial body of knowledge in the field of innovation and research, and a
growing interest in designing a smart, sustainable and inclusive European dimension, the challenges
are still remaining for academics and educators, since they have to facilitate the innovation at the
interface of higher education and business. The major consequences of the paper consist of raising
awareness and better understanding the challenges and threats faced by Romanian higher education in
stepping up its potential of research and innovation.
Abstract:
Key words: innovation in higher education, research and innovation, sustainable development.
238

Abstracts-Section F
Micro- and Nano- Technologies: New Developments in Micro/Nano Scale Processes; Fabrication of
Nanostructure and Materials: Nanofilms, Nano-bubbles, Nano-droplets, Nano fluids
239

Paper ID: F-1
SUSPENSION THERMAL SPRAYING OF CALCIUM PHOSPHATE

COATINGS WITH ANTIBACTERIAL PROPERTIES
I. Arhire1, P. Krieg1, A. Killinger1, R. Gadow1 & A. Bernstein2
1
Institute for Manufacturing Technologies of Ceramic Components and Composites (IMTCCC)

University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 7b, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
2
Musculoskeletal research lab, Department of Surgery, Clinics of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery,
University of Freiburg - Medical Centre, Hugstetter Strae 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
Corresponding author: Irina Arhire, irina.arhire@gsame.uni-stuttgart.de
In the field of orthopaedics, clinicians rely extensively on load-bearing implants to restore

patient bone functionality, lost for example in trauma accidents. Unfortunately, the success of the
surgeries is often undermined by post-operative implant aseptic loosening and bacterial infections. To
overcome these problems, stable implant fixation to the surrounding bone tissue and avoidance of
biofilm formation is necessary.
An excellent way to impart bone-bonding properties to the implant surface is to coat it with a bioactive
material. Calcium phosphates are excellent candidates due to their asserted bioactivity and strong
chemical affinity to the bone composition. Once implanted, the deposited calcium phosphate coatings
are subjected to chemical and mechanical stress. As a result, premature dissolution and coating
delamination can take place leading to implant mobility. It is expected that thinner, denser and more
homogeneous coatings can promote a stronger fixation to the implant, improving the life span of the
medical device.
A thermal spraying technology capable of yielding thin coatings is the HVSFS (High Velocity
Suspension Flame Spraying) process. With respect to the powder-based thermal spraying technologies,
HVSFS is capable of processing a liquid feedstock of submicron sized ceramic particles and is
characterized by low process temperatures and high kinematic impact. The result is dense and
homogeneous coatings with improved adhesion strength and less altered chemical composition.
The aim of this study is the production of thin, antibacterial calcium phosphate coatings through
HVSFS thermal spray technology and functionalization of the ceramic suspension with metal salts of
known biocide activity. Investigation of the microstructure, phase composition and mechanical
properties is presented.
Abstract:
Key words: calcium phosphate coatings, HVSFS thermal spray, antibacterial.
240

Paper ID: F-2
IMPROVEMENT OF STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR CuZn

ALLOY BY HEAT TREATMENTS
Drago Cristian Achiei1, Petric Vizureanu1, Mirabela Georgiana Minciun1,
Nicanor Cimpoeu1 & Bogdan Istrate2
1
Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering,
2
Abstract: The
paper presents aspects of structure modifications and properties for a CuZn alloy, after the
applying of heat treatments, at their specific parameters. The samples subjected to analysis, coming
from cast bar, from which have been taken standard samples, with specific dimensions for
experiments.
Nonferrous alloys are subject frequently to annealing, quenching and tempering. The annealing
follows the homogenization of structure after casting. The quenching followed by tempering is
spectacular modality to modify the mechanical properties for numerous nonferrous alloys.
The characteristics of alloys have highlighted by experiments, using standard samples specific to the
requests. The determination of alloying elements was made on optical spectrometer. The researches by
SEM and optical microscopy, confirm the improvement of properties by obtaining a uniform structures
according to applied thermal processing.
Key words: CuZn alloy, annealing, quenching, tempering, structure.
241

Paper ID: F-3
INVESTIGATIONS ON ANTI-CORROSION PROPERTIES OF THE SURFACE

LAYERS FORMED BY APPLYING EDI
Pavel Topala, Vitalie Besliu, Alexandr Ojegov, Dorin Guzgan, Natalia Pinzaru
& Vladislav Rusnac
Alecu Russo University, 3100, str.Artarilor 24, Balti, Republic of Moldova
Corresponding author: Topala Pavel, paveltopala@yahoo.com
Abstract: The
problem of metallic material corrosion is contemporary and of a major interest in machine

and apparatus building. The problem of reducing the rate of corrosion and of corrosion protection is
solved in different ways: anti-corrosive alloys are developed, anti-corrosive layers are applied through
metallization, electrochemical deposition, ion bombardment, plasma jet machining and electric microarc oxidation in electrolytic media.
The results of experimental research on corrosion behavior of the films formed by applying electrical
discharges in impulse (EDI) are presented in this paper. The formation of oxide pellicles on the piece
surfaces does not lead to changes in their geometry and dimensions but gives them new properties. The
process of oxide pellicle formation is accompanied by surface hardening in depths up to 240 nm. The
oxide formation in the amorphous state is attested in these thin strata and the amount of dissolved
oxygen reaches up to 60% at. It was experimentally established that the oxide films formed on metal
surfaces increase the corrosion resistance by at least 10 times comparatively with the unprocessed
surface.
The use of graphite tool-electrodes increases their durability and processing productivity.
Keywords: oxide films, corrosion resistance, graphite, tool-electrode, electrical discharges in impulse.
242

Paper ID: F-4
INCREASING EXCITATION EFFICIENCY AT PLASMA FORMATION BY

ELECTRICAL DISCHARGES
Arefa Hirbu, Pavel Topala, Simion Bancila, Alexandr Ojegov & Vitalie Besliu
Corresponding author: Ojegov Alexandr, alexandr.ozhegov@yahoo.com
The simplest and most widespread method of gaining low-temperature plasma is electric
discharge in gases. Manipulating the pressure, gas composition, size and configuration of the
electrodes, the size of the gap, the electric field intensity and the discharge current we can control over
a wide range of plasma parameters, such as: the temperature of charged particles, their concentration,
the degree of ionization of the plasma, the distribution of the excited particles by their degrees of
freedom. Any gas under normal conditions presents a good dielectric, because the rate of formation of
free electrons in gases and ions due to their radiation is extremely small (tens of electrons per second
in 1 cm3 of gaseous volume). Because of this, it is necessary, in one way or another, to ionize atoms or
molecules to create in gas a significant number of charged particles. To increase the excitation
efficiency of plasma formation a special construction of electrodes is proposed in this paper. It ensures
plasma formation simultaneously causing auto-ionization of the active media. Electrodes, between
which plasma formation takes place, present a set of parallel channels having a free end-edged form,
which increase the excitation efficiency by at least 2 times.
Keywords: plasma, excitation efficiency, electrical discharge, radiation, ionization.
Abstract:
Paper ID: F-5
ON METHANE PYROLYSIS SPECIAL APPLICATIONS

Dana-Cristina Toncu1, Gheorghita Toncu 2 & Sajjad Soleimani 3
1
Kazakh-British Technical University, School of Chemical Engineering,

51 Tole-bi Str., 050000, Almaty, Kazakhstan
2
Ovidius University Constanta, Faculty of Mechanical, Industrial, and Maritime Engineering,
Mamaia Blvd., No. 124, 900527, Constanta, Romania
3
Politecnico di Milano University, Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering Giulio Natta, LaBS,
Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, 20133, Milano, Italia
Corresponding author: Dana-Cristina Toncu, dctoncu@gmail.com, d.toncu@kbtu.kz
Methane pyrolysis represents one of the most important processes in industrial use, with
applications rising from the chemical and petrochemical industry, combustion, materials and protective
coatings. Despite the intense research, experimental data lack kinetic aspects, and the thermodynamics
involved often leads to inaccurate results when applied to various systems. Carrying out a comparative
analysis of several available data on methane pyrolysis, the paper aims to study the phenomenon of
methane pyrolysis under different environments (combustion and plasma), concluding on the most
possible reaction pathways involved in many of its applications. Computer simulation using different
database underlines the conclusions, helping to the understanding of methane pyrolysis importance in
future technologies.
Abstract:
Key words: methane, pyrolysis, kinetics, thermodynamics, computer simulation.
243

Paper ID: F-6
GRAPHITE PELLICLES, METHODS OF FORMATION AND PROPERTIES

Pavel Topala, Laurentiu Marin, Vitalie Besliu, Petru Stoicev, Alexandr Ojegov
& Vladislav Rusnac
Corresponding author: Topala Pavel, paveltopala@yahoo.com
Abstract: The
paper presents the conditions of graphite films formation on metal surfaces under ordinary
conditions applying electrical discharges in impulse. It reveals the specifics of electrical erosion of
graphite, its transfer processes on the processed surface of the workpiece, the synthesis processes of
the structure of graphite depositions on the surface of the workpiece, the continuity, the thickness, the
adherence, and the function properties of their operation as the part component of the glass molding
forms in industrial conditions. Experimental investigations and industrial attempts show that the
deposition formation is more efficiently when the workpiece is connected in the discharge circuit of
the power impulse generator as cathode, and the thickness of the formed films can reach up to 7
micrometers, they increase the durability of molding form components by at least 2 times, because
they serve as solid lubricant and possess the anti-stick properties. Wear tests of glass mold poansons
(Fig.) have demonstrated that they resist over 57 000 cycles without any change of geometry and
dimensions.
Fig. Processed glass mold poanson

The formation of nano-scale graphite films causes it diffusion in the surface layer accompanied by the
formation of carbides with high hardness, and, as a result, the wear resistance of this layer increases.
The formation of graphite films in all cases lead to decrease surface roughness. The application of
films on the surfaces of parts that operate in kinematic couples leads to decrease the friction coefficient
by at least 3 times. The experimental investigations on the anti-stick effect at threaded joints has
shown that this effect caused by the mutual diffusion of the constituent materials of the joint parts is
prevented by the presence of graphite films, and even in the case when the couple was maintained in
the oven at temperatures within 400-800 C, the stick effect in the joint parts made of steel wasnt
attested. Film formation on the internal surfaces of pipes allows eliminating the stick effect of paraffin
stoppers that are a problem for transporting oil pipelines.
Keywords: graphite, impulse, pellicle, erosion, lubricant.
244

Paper ID: F-7
NUMERICAL INVETIAGATION OF FORCED CONVECTION OF NANO

FLUID FLOW IN HORIZONTIAL U-LONGITUDINAL FINNED TUBE HEAT
EXCHANGER
Qasim Saleh Mahdi1, Sahar A. Fattah Abbood2 & Firas A. Abbas3
1
Al-Mustansirya University, Baghdad, Iraq

2
College of Engineering, Baghdad, Iraq
3
Mechanical Eng. Department, Baghdad, Iraq
Corresponding author: Qasim Saleh Mahdi, qasim602006@yahoo.com
A numerical study has been carried out to investigate the heat transfer by laminar forced
convection of nanofluid taking Titanium (TiO2) and Oxide Alumina (Al2O3) as nanoparticles and the
water as based fluid in a three dimensional plain and U-longitudinal finned tube heat exchanger .A
Solid WORKS PREMIUM 2012 is used to draw the geometries of plain tube heat exchanger or Ulongitudinal copper finned tube heat exchanger. Four U-longitudinal copper fins have 100cm long,
3.8cm height and 1mm thickness are attached to a straight copper tube of 100cm length, 2.2cm inner
diameter and 2.39cm outer diameter. The governing equations which used as continuity, momentum
and energy equations under assumptions are utilized to predict the flow field, temperature distribution,
and heat transfer of the heat exchanger. The finite volume approach is used to obtain all the
computational results using commercial ANSYS Fluent copy package 14.0 with assist of solid works
and Gambit software program. The effect of various parameters on the performance of heat exchanger
are investigated numerically such as Reynolds' number (ranging from 270 to 1900), volume
consternation of nanoparticles (0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8% ), type of nanoparticles, and mass flow rate of
nanofluid in the hot reign of heat exchanger. For 0.8% consternation of nanoparticles, heat transfer has
significant enhancement in both nanofluids. It can be found about7.3 % for TiO2 and about7.5 % for
Al2O3 compared with the water only as a working fluid.
Abstract:
Keywords: finned tube, fluent, nanofluid, U-longtudinal.
245

Paper ID: F-8
IMPROVEMENT OF DENTIST GOWNS FUNCTIONALITY BY INCREASING

THE ADHESION OF A NANOFIBER LAYER ON NON-WOVEN FABRIC
A.V. Apetrei1, L. Schacher2, A. Curteza1, D. Adolphe2 & N. Khenoussi2
1
Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi, Department of Textiles, Iasi, Romania

Universit de Haute-Alsace ENSISA, Laboratoire de Physique et Mcanique Textiles, Mulhouse, France
Corresponding author: Apetrei Ancuta-Vasilica, apetrei.a@gmail.com
Abstract: Although
this study is just in its preliminary phase, the goal of our work is to attach a layer of
nanofibers to the chosen fabric in order to create a better protection by shielding the dentist gowns
from external contamination factors.
By using European Standards EN 13795 we can carry the tests in order to determinate the best
configuration of the fabric we use and their properties to create the final product the dentist gown.
The electrospinning process uses an electrical field in order to create a charged jet of polymer solution.
This jet travels through air while the solvent evaporates leaving behind a charged fiber that can be
collected. Fibers with a variety of shapes and sizes (the diameter was in range of 0,05 - 0,150 microns)
were produced from PA 6/6 polymer. The fabric we opted for is a mixture of 60% cotton and 40%
polyester. In order to choose the right fabric we took into consideration parameters such as:
composition, air flow, and others, including the maintenance of the product (for example, a mixture of
cotton and polyester is more likely to resist damage caused by repetitive washing than a 100% cotton
fabric).
In order to test the adhesion of a nanofiber layer on the fabric we prepared a solution of PA 6/6 pallets
and formic acid solvent with a 20 wt. %. The mixture was stirred at 50C for 24h in order to obtain a
homogenous polymer. During these tests we used a nonwoven fabric in order to improve the grip
between nanofibers and fabric without any chemical treatment. The reason why we chose this type of
tests was to avoid the direct contact between the skin and the chemically treated fabric (the dentist
gowns are usually worn directly on the skin).
In order to improve the adhesion between the nanofiber layer and the fabric, we subjected the nonwoven placed on the fabric sample to high pressure steam. This enabled us to create a bond between
the fabric and the nonwoven. After creating the samples, we incorporated the polymer solution through
an electrospinning process that lasted 1 minute as soon as the steam was applied. The same
electrospinning parameters were used for all samples. The only exception was the modification of the
distance from the collector which varied from 20, 15 and 10 cm, thus enabling us to observe the
adhesion process in its different stages.
Key words: dentist, gowns, protection, nanofibers.
246

Paper ID: F-9
AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE CAPSIZE PHENOMENA OF A VESSEL

Dumitru Deleanu
Corresponding author: Deleanu Dumitru, dumitrudeleanu@yahoo.com
Despite of an extensive research on the capsizing problem of a vessel, not much practical
progress has been made so far and a large number of ships continue to sink because of this
phenomenon. This is because of the huge number of factors involved, including severe winds and
waves, water on deck, liquid cargo, lack of sufficient information about environmental conditions
during the accident or resonance conditions. According to the IMO (International Maritime
Organization) there is a necessity for proposing mathematical models that could simulate the ships
capsizing taking into account as much as possible of these factors. The aim of the paper is to
summarize the mechanism of ship capsize under direct and parametric wave excitation and to make
some suggestions for improving the ship stability. In our work, the second-order nonlinear differential
equation developed by Thomson et al (1992) is taken as a model for a vessel capsize in periodic beam
seas. It describes the behavior of a ship that is simultaneously heaving, swaying and rolling in waves.
With the forcing amplitude as bifurcation parameter, the analyzed system exhibits either periodic or
chaotic behavior, the route to chaos being realized by a period doubling sequence of periodic motions.
In order to prove this, a real capsized vessel (the trawler fishing boat Goal) is chosen to be numerically
investigated using MatLab software package. Some accepted indicators, like time histories, phase
planes, Poincare maps, bifurcation diagram and maximal Lyapunov exponent, have been computed
and they confirm the transition from order to chaos. Additionally, the harmonic balance (HB)
technique has been used to provide approximate solutions for the periodic motions and to predict the
period doubling bifurcations by a stability analysis based on Floquet theory. The periodic solutions
obtained by the HB method compare very well with those obtained by numerical integration. The fact
that the damping plays an important role in ships stability is proven by varying the damping
coefficient and constructing in the parametric space the boundaries between the regions in which the
system exhibits chaos and those associated with periodic responses.
Abstract:
Key words: Capsize, parametric excitation, order and chaos, stability.
247

Paper ID: F-10
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF POLYPROPYLENE FIBER CONCRETE

UNDER THE EFFECTS OF HIGH TEMPERATURES
A. Ferhat Bingl & Majid Atashafrazeh
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Atatrk, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
Corresponding author: Majid Atashafrazeh, amajid@atauni.edu.tr
Polypropylene fiber concrete is a kind of concrete that polymers are used as admixtures and
also supplements in. Polymer in concrete has been monitored by Committee 548 of the American
Concrete Institute since 1971. One kind of the polymers that are used commonly in concrete is
polypropylene fiber polymer. The advantages of polypropylene fibers are: improving mix cohesion
and pumpability over long distances, improve freeze-thaw resistance, improve resistance to explosive
spalling in case of a severe fire, improve impact resistance and increase resistance to plastic shrinkage
during curing.
The purpose of this study is to investigate the strength of polypropylene fiber on fire resistance in
concrete. Therefore concrete mixtures are prepared by using different amount of polypropylene; 0,
300, 600 and 900 gr by volume. In order to consider the test results accuracy, three specimens were
prepared from each group of the concrete mixes. All of them were kept under curing standards for 28
days. After curing period of the specimens, each group were exposed to 23, 300 and 750C for 2 hours.
Then the compressive strengths of the specimens were determained. The maximum compressive
strength at 23C was determined for the group of 300 gr polypropylene fibers concrete and this
increase was about 5.6% in accordance with the control specimens (control specimens: concrete
without any polypropylene fiber) but the maximum amount at 300C was determined for the group of
600 gr polypropylene fibers concrete and its increase was 10.1% in accordance with the control
specimens. According to the results, the greatest increase in strength was related to this group. For the
last group the maximum compressive strength at 750C was determined for the specimens with 300 gr
polypropylene fibers in. This increasment was 9.2% in compared with the control specimens.
Finally based on the results of the study, it is concluded that the relative compressive strengths of
specimens containing polypropylene fibers were higher than control specimens. Furthermore, it can be
concluded that concrete mixes which are prepared using 300 gr polypropylene fibers can significantly
promote the residual compressive strength during the high temprature. That is because of the melting
of the polymers which causes concrete to change to a porous material and prevent explosion of the
concrete at high tempratuers.
Abstract:
Key words: Polypropylene fiber concrete, polymer, compressive strength, temperatures, porous material.
248

Paper ID: F-11
THE SHAPE FACTOR INFLUENCE ON THE CONTROL PROCESS OF

MULTIFERROIC NANOPARTICLES IN GHZ RANGE
Daniela Ionescu1 & Maria Kovaci 2
1
Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi, Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Information
Technology, Departement of Telecommunications, 11 Carol I Blvd., 700506, Iasi, Romania
3Politehnica University Timisoara, Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Telecommunications,
4Department of Communications, 2 V. Prvan Blvd., 300223, Timisoara, Romania
Corresponding author: Daniela Ionescu, danaity@yahoo.com
Abstract: Materials
with piezoelectric properties associated with the ferroic phases generate multiferroic
structures at microscopic level. Muliferroic nanoparticles with different configurations were
considered in this paper, in order to determine the influence of the constituents shape on their control
process realized by an applied magnetic field. The nanoparticles were simulated using the HFSS 13.0
program, at frequencies in microwave range (16 28 GHz), considering the nanostructures with
hexaferrites as magnetic phase. The geometrical structures of the nanoparticles which have been
analyzed comparatively were nanospheres versus nanotubes: a spherical core-shell structure, with
magnetostrictive core and piezoelectric shell, respectively a cylindrical core-shell structure with
magnetostrictive rod and piezoelectric cylindrical coating. The external sphere diameter / cylinder
length have sizes from 80 100 nm to 360 nm, while the inner sphere / rod diameter are of 20 to 60
nm. The external shell is piezoelectric and we have chosen the BaTiO3 perovskite. The inner core was
considered a AFe12O19 M-type hexagonal ferrite, with A an alkali earth metal. The composed
nanoparticles were simulated in a 100 270 Oe external magnetic field for controlling the dipolar
electric fields generated by the nanoparticles. The particles response is function of their geometrical
shape, coordinated by the strength of the magnetoelectric effect inside the material sample. The
components of the magnetoelectric coefficient tensor have been calculated using a physical algorithm
based on the near-filed values in the particles vicinity, generated by the HFSS program. The
magnetoelectric voltage coefficient (of tens of mV/come for the considered nanocomposites) has also
been computed for each particles configuration. Performance of the two shapes composite
nanoparticles to generate a dipolar electric field was discussed comparatively and the influence of the
shape factor on the magnetoelectric effect was illustrated on graphs. Each composite configuration
presents specific advantages in respect with the control process by the external magnetic field,
considering that the effect of dipolar field generation is strongly anisotropic. These features can be
elegant illustrated by simulation methods, which are non destructive, can be applied at nanoscale and
help us to decide to the proper nanoparticles shape and the optimal orientations of the applied fields for
the desired dipolar fields configuration in a defined microscopic area.
Key words: nanocomponents, magnetoelectric effect, shape factor, control, magnetic field.
249

Paper ID: F-12
FIELD CONTROL OF MULTIFERROIC SPHERICAL CORE-SHELL

NANOPARTICLES WITH APPLICATIONS IN MICROWAVE RANGE
Daniela Ionescu1 & Maria Kovaci 2
1
Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi, Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Information
Technology, Department of Telecommunications, Carol I Blvd., No. 11, 700506, Iasi, Romania
2
Politehnica University Timisoara, Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Telecommunications,
Department of Communications, V. Prvan Blvd., No. 2, 300223, Timisoara, Romania
Corresponding author: Daniela Ionescu, danaity@yahoo.com
We have considered in this paper muliferroic spherical nanoparticles consisting of

magnetostrictive core encapsulated in piezoelectric shell. The particles were simulated in a test
configuration with help of the HFSS 13.0 program (Ansoft Technologies). In the considered
configuration, the nanoparticles have been exposed to an external magnetic field which determines the
apparition of dipolar electric fields of tens of milivolts around them, used in practice for tuning and
control of different microstructures, at molecular level. E.g.: for stimulation of membrane proteins (ion
channels) exchange, at spin-wave generation, in magnetic-field-tunable microwave and millimeter
wave devices, at data storage and processing, etc. The nanoparticles materials combination consists of
an ABO3 perovskite and a MFe2O4 spinel or a AFe12O19 M-type hexagonal ferrite. The perovskites
present large piezoelectric coefficients, as soon as the ferrites present large magnetostriction, resulting
in nanoparticle configurations with large magnetoeletric effect. The strength of the magnetoelectric
effect is also increased by the effect of the closed-packed shape of the spherical core-shell
configuration. Different magnetic phases (spinel versus hexaferrite) were considered, in order to
determine their influence in the interaction process with the applied magnetic field. The diameter of
the piezoelectric shell did not exceeded 300 nm, starting from about 50 nm. The components of the
magnetoelectric coefficient tensor and the magnetoelectric voltage coefficient were determined by
simulation in microwave range (2 8 GHz for spinel compounds, respectively 12 28 GHz for
hexaferrite compounds), for different magnetic fields applied for control (100 400 Oe), files
depending on particles size. The tensor components depend on the physical properties of the
constituents (the piezoelectric coefficients of the ferroelectric phase, respectively the piezomagnetic
coefficients of the ferrimagnetic phase), and also depend on the constituents geometry and relative
position. Nanoparticles geometry and the external magnetic field intensity were modified in order to
obtain a convenient variation and control of the magnetoelectric coefficient tensor components. Graphs
are available for choosing the optimal configuration for a specific application or a given task.
Abstract:
Key words: muliferroic nanoparticles, magnetoelectric coefficient, tensor, magnetic field, geometry.
250

Paper ID: F-13
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF BIOFOULING MICROORGANISMS AFTER

TREATMENT WITH GLIDARC
Mihaela Hnatiuc, Simona Ghita, Bogdan Hnatiuc & Adrian Sabau
Constanta Maritime University, Mircea cel Batran street, no.104, Constanta, Romania
Corresponding author: Mihaela Hnatiuc, mhnatiuc@yahoo.com
The biofouling on the water immersed surface is one of the more important problems which
must be solved when naval ships are moving. This phenomenon is amplified during the harbor
operations, when the ships are stationary and there is a high density of microorganisms in the neritic
area, developing the biofouling. For this reason, in order to prevent or delay the deposition of the first
layers of biofouling, different methods have been used, [1, 2]. This paper presents the comparative
analysis of microorganisms behaviour obtained by using GlidArc technology for the treatment of the
painted metallic surfaces, [3,4]. There are 4 mettalic samples submitted to the treatment and one
witness sample. The microbiological experimental results, sampled at different times until 24 hours,
have been processed with statistic algorithms from ORIGIN and MATLAB software. The main
parameters used for data processing were: the number of microorganisms, shared from the point of
view of sensibility to the GlidArc technology (heterotrophic, cyanobacteria, green algae), found on the
metallic surfaces before and after the treatment, the type of used naval paint and the method used for
treatment (direct exposure or plasma activated water). For analysis it was used the epifluorescence
microscopy method with excitation on 450 480 nm wavelength. The comparative analysis follows
the data processing which has the same input characteristics. Finally it is observed the
microorganisms lifetime after the surface treatment in order to identify the best protection method of
the ship metallic surface.
Abstract:
References:
1. Kamgang, J.O., Briandet, R., Herry, J.M., Brisset, J.L. & Natali, M., Destruction of planktonic, adherent and biofilm
cells of Staphylococcus epidermidis using a gliding discharge in humid air, Journal of Applied Microbiology. 103, 621628, 2007
2. Mahmoud Y. Alkawareek, Sean P. Gorman, William G. Grahamb, Brendan F. Gilmore, Eradication of marine biofilms
by atmospheric pressure non-thermal plasma: A potential approach to control biofouling?, International Biodeterioration
and Biodegradation, 86, 2014, p. 14 18
3. B. Hnatiuc, S. Ghita, A. Sabau, M. Hnatiuc, C. L. Dumitrache, M. Wartel, Treatment with activated water by GlidArc
technology of bacteria producing Biofouling, ATOM 2014, Constanta
4. B. Hnatiuc, A. Sabau, S. Ghita, M. Hnatiuc, C. L. Dumitrache, S. Pellerin, Influence of GlidArc treatment on layers
formation of biofouling, ATOM 2014, Constanta
Key word: microorganisms, biofouling, glidarc, processing, identification.
251

Paper ID: F-14
METAL-CERAMIC COMPOSITES VIA IN SITU METHODS

Raluca Maria Florea, Oana Bltescu & Ioan Carcea
Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi, Department of Materials Science and Engeenering,
Corresponding author: Raluca Maria Florea, raluca.m_florea@yahoo.com
To overcome some of the inherent problems that are associated with conventional processes,
several in situ methods have been developed to obtain metal/ceramic composite materials. In this
paper recently developed processes have been reviewed with a greater emphasis on directed melt
oxidation and nitridation. These methods offer microstructures with varying metal/ceramic
combinations. In some processes, metal matrix composites dispersed with controlled quantities of
ceramic phase(s) are possible whereas in other ceramic composites with isolated/interconnected
metallic dispersions are obtained. They could be varied by controlling the processing variables, i.e.
temperature, time, reactant phases and filler materials. The properties of in situ processed materials
primarily depend on the matrix and the volume fraction of the constituent phase. The mechanical
properties, toughening mechanisms and potential applications are briefly reviewed.
When pure aluminum is held in a nitrogenous atmosphere above its melting point, it forms a
passivating nitride layer on the surface which is stable and prevents further reaction. But, in the
presence of alloying additions such as magnesium and silicon, the passivating layer becomes unstable
and exposes the underlying metal to the atmosphere resulting in continued nitride formation.
Nitridation is in some ways a more attractive process as the process variables cover a wider range of
microstructures and therefore properties. The activation energy for nitride formation (A1N ~ 100
kJ/mol) is by far less compared to oxidation (Al2O3 ~ 400 k J/tool) and the growth rates (3 10-2
gm/cm2/s) are at least three orders higher compared to oxidation.
Abstract:
Key words: in situ, nitridation, composites, toughening, properties.
252

Paper ID: F-15
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF MORPHOLOGY AND COMPOSITION ON

OXIDE NANOPOWDERS ELABORATED BY SPVD
Eduard Sebastian Barca1, Vasile Rizea1, Marioara Abrudeanu1, Adriana-Gabriela Plaiasu1,
Bogdan Istrate2 & Corneliu Munteanu2
1
University of Pitesti, Faculty of Mechanics and Technology, 1 st Tg. din Vale Street, 110040, Pitesti, Arges, Romania
2
Corresponding author: Corneliu Munteanu, cornelmun@gmail.com
Abstract: The paper
proposes a method of obtaining oxide nanopowders in a solar reactor using the solar
energy (solar physical vapor deposition). The proposed method is a new method of obtaining
nanopowders. The elaboration of the nenopowders has been performed in France, Fonte Romeu in one
of the solar furnace, named Heliotron. The "heliotron" solar furnace is one of the 12 furnaces built in
Odeillo-Font Romeu and is made out of mobile plane mirrors which capture the sun light and reflects
its radiation toward a parabolic concetrator. The parabolic mirrors focus on a reactor containing a glass
flask in which the reaction occurs using solar energy. Inside the glass flask the reaction can take place
under an inert gas, the atmosphere being controlled. The advantage of the method is that nano-sized
crystals are obtained, the disadvantage beeing the fact that it needs perfect weather conditions and that
it takes several hours to complete the reaction. Taking into consideration that the properties of the
materials change once they get to nanodimensions it is desirable to obtain nanomaterials starting from
base materials. Because of the properties that nanomaterials provide, the demand has grown in the last
period of time. Also the last few years provided a various number of nanomaterials used in different
fields of research. Among the materials that were obtained by SPVD there can be reminded the MoS2,
the MoS2 doped with Zn, CeO2 doped with Zr. The MoS2 is used in applications that require low
friction properties. All of the obtained nanopowders were analyzed and characterized by X-Ray
diffraction (XRD) and by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in order to acquire the information
about the crystallography and morphology considering the reactions parameters that were used in
obtaining the nanopowders. From the X-Ray diffraction can be concluded in the case of the MoS2 and
in the case of the CeO2 that doping occurred. By controlling the reactions parameters the end result is
different in therms of obtained morphology of the nanopowders. All of the above elaborated
nanopowders can be deposited in the form of thin films by laser ablation method in order to obtain
better properties of the base material.
Key words: SPVD, nanopowders, elaboration, MoS2, CeO2.
253

Paper ID: F-16
GAS SENSORS BASED ON THE MWCNTs-Pt NANOCOMPOSITE

Anna D. Dobrzaska-Danikiewicz, Dariusz ukowiec, Agnieszka Skala & Weronika Wolany
Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering,
Konarskiego 18a, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
Corresponding author: Anna D. Dobrzaska-Danikiewcz, anna.dobrzanska-danikiewicz@polsl.pl
The role and application range of such sensors, based on a nanocomposite being a
combination of a multiwalled carbon nanotube with platinum nanocrystals, is growing sharply and
encompasses many fields of science and technology. Such sensors are applied in the following
situations: when the investigated signal cannot be recorded directly with human senses or when acting
as part of a device reacting automatically to the occurrence of the signal when service-free signal
recording is desired. Chemical sensors are acting by using the phenomena taking place at the boundary
of solid-gas or solid-liquid phases. Chemical bonds between molecules of the studied substance and
absorbent material are created as a result of interaction between the phase containing the analysed
substance and a sensor surface. Changes in the concentration of current carriers changing electrical
conductivity are the result of the process. The larger the ratio of the sensor area to sensor volume, the
more it is sensitive to contact with gas or liquid. As a result of the material science experiments
performed, active elements of sensors are created, which are nanocomposites combining unique
physiochemical properties of nanotubes and platinum particles. The properties are mutually
strengthening and supplementing by way of synergy. The nanocomposites created according to the
authors concept are described in terms of their morphology and structure by using modern research
methods for this purpose, including TEM and Raman spectroscope methods. The examinations results
obtained are highly utilitarian and can be applied directly in industrial conditions. A practical
application of the CNT-Pt nanocomposites obtained as a result of the experiments carried out include
sensors of selected chemical substances (e.g. H2, NO2).
Abstract:
Keywords: gas sensors, carbon nanotubes, nanocomposites, TEM, Raman spectroscophy.
254

Paper ID: F-17
NON-TYPICAL DEFECTS ON SURFACES OF CERAMIC AND ROOF

TILES: NATURE AND THE CAUSES
Zagorka Radojevi, Anja Terzi, Milo Vasi & Milica Arsenovi
Institute for testing of materials, Bulevar vojvode Miia 43, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
Corresponding author: Milica Arsenovi, milica.arsenovic@institutims.rs
This paper presents a study of defects which appeared on the visible surfaces of ceramic wall
and roof tiles. The aim of the research was to identify the nature and the cause of non-typical defects
that occurred on the surfaces. Microstructural analysis of the observed defects was conducted by
means of optical microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive
spectrometer (EDS) device. Glazed wall frost-resistant ceramic tiles, sizing 12060 cm, contained
black spots, and also experienced the atmosphere affected appearance of the defects (after they were
built in) shaped as dark brown clusters with yellow halos. The general quality of ceramic tiles is tested
in accordance to SRPS ISO 10545:2012 standard. It is revealed tat black spots originate from carbon
contined in raw materials used to make glaze. The incomplete combustion in the firing process caused
that carbon is trapped in a glaze or in open pores on the surface of the glaze. EDS analysis of clusters
of dark-brown color in the pores showed the presence of Fe, which is found to affect the quality of the
visible surface of the tiles. Iron could be entered through the raw materials as impurities, or is
inadvertently applied to the surface of the tiles (due grinding or welding) in the production process,
before the firing process. Non-homogeneities on the roof tiles surfaces appeared in the form of the
stains on the tile-body and manifested after immersions of the tile in water or aspersing water on the
tile surface. It is concluded that the cause of these inhomogeneities is a local phenomenon due to the
porous structure of micro cracks caused by coarse metallic grains that are entered with the raw
materials.
Abstract:
Key words: Ceramic tiles, roof tiles, surface defects, impurities, microstructural analysis.
255

Paper ID: F-18
PLASMA NANOTECHNOLOGY PROCESSES FOR DECREASING TEXTILE

SURFACE ENERGY
Raluca Maria Aileni
INCDTP, Bucharest, Romania
Corresponding author: Raluca Maria, Aileni, raluca.maria.aileni@gmail.com
The paper presents experimental part and modelling plasma processes for textile
hydrophobization by using plasma technology. By using plasma technology can modify textile surface
at nano level. For evaluating and characterisation of textile structure with hydrophobic character were
developed testing units by using VCA contact angle device, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and
Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR). In the textile industry plasma is used for improving
fabric performance properties (water repellence, fire resistance, and adhesion performance). Plasmaenhanced chemical vapour deposition (PECVD) is a method for preparing various types of film by
initiating chemical reactions in a gas liquid phase with an electrical discharge. Plasma can be used for
surface modification and polymerization to deposit thin films. The films deposited by plasma
polymerization have adhesion to the substrate, are pinhole-free, and have mechanical and chemical
stabilities. Natural and syntheses polymers exposed to plasma generate radicals which can initiate the
polymerization reaction when are in contact with monomers in gaseous phase. Electrons in plasma
near a polymer surface generate radicals at the surface of the polymer through excitation of polymer
molecules and the result is a grafting polymer on the surface of the polymeric material. These films
produced in plasma have applications for anticorrosive surfaces, electrical resistors, scratch-resistant
coatings, optical filters, chemical-barrier coatings, and water-repellent coatings. The hydrophobization
of textile surface is in high correlation with polymer type (natural or artificial) from which are the
textile surface made. In opposition hydrophilic materials have high porosity or have woven or knit
structure with high air permeability values. Natural polymers (cellulose, wool) have an intrinsic
hydrophilic and hygroscopic character. The textile materials made from natural polymers will have a
high surface energy and will require 20 minutes plasma treatment in order to obtain hydrophobic
character. The synthesis polymers (polyester, PET) have a low surface energy and due to this aspect
will be necessary a reduced type for hydrophobization. Many technical textile articles require a knit or
woven textile structure with water repellence character. The hydrophobic character of a textile material
is done by a low surface energy. By using plasma nanotechnology can reduce textile material
wettability with low energy and chemical substances cost, by protecting the environment. For obtain
PET fibres with hydrophobic character the polymer must be treated by using middle-frequency (MF)
plasma in a mixture of argon gas and liquid-phase hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO).
Abstract:
256

Abstracts-Section G
Maritime Engineering and Navigation: Maritime Engineering and Technologies, Maritime
Transport and Economics.
257

Paper ID: G-1
ELEMENTS AND RESOURCES FOR THE CREATION OF NEW TERMS IN

THE ROMANIAN MARITIME TERMINOLOGY
Corina Sandiuc
Mircea cel Batran Naval Academy, Zmeurei Str., No. 4, Constanta, Romania
Corresponding author: Corina Sandiuc, ema_sandiuc81@yahoo.co.uk
Like many other terminologies, the maritime terminology developed in the second half of the
nineteenth century, through the translation of foreign textbooks related to the field of navigation. The
translation of such documents was done in several ways, allowing the creation of new maritime terms
in various ways: through linguistic loans, through word translations, through linguistic calques, by
using the internal processes of derivation and composition, etc. Therefore, most of the Romanian
maritime terms are neologisms. These lexical innovations are entrenched in the Romanian language
because they needed to adapt to new realities and changing societal needs.
The Romanian maritime terminology involves a certain multilingualism. Sailors, forced to
communicate in a foreign language to understand and make themselves understood, tended to imitate
the languages of those with whom they came into contact, be they French, Italian, German, Spanish,
English etc. Consequently, because of the many loan words that have enriched its structure, the
maritime vocabulary is highly heterogeneous. Some of these terms have a unique etimology, such as:
abandon, alur, amara, anemograf, anemometru, baliz, banchet, barograf, bastingaj, belier, capot, cart,
catapult, carling, derivor, deroez, epav, etambreu, hublou, iaht, lusin, madrier, manon, panou,
pilot, ponton, rad, sabord etc. Other maritime terms have multiple possible etymologies, or more
precisely an uncertain etymology, such as: Rom. balast < Fr. ballast, cf. Engl. ballast, Rom. balenier <
Fr. balenire, It. baleniera, Rom. bord < Fr. bord, It. bordo, Germ. Bord, Rom. bric < fr. brick, It. brik,
Germ. Brick, Rom. brigantin < It. brigantino, Fr. brigantine, engl. brigantine, germ. Brigantine, etc.
A small part of the Romanian maritime terms have unknown origins. In the case of the following
terms, for example, an acceptable etymon, both phonetic and semantical, couldnt be identified: rai
wooden wheel on which ropes are rolled; rujar port worker; saul, condru, verfafor, bandul, etc.
There are also some maritime terms which have a controversial etymology. This type of neologisms
can be explained either through loans or through internal means, such as the derivation or the semantic
neology. Such is the case for the Romanian words bra, mr, picior, etc., whose forms come from
Latin, but which have considerably enriched their meanings through the semantic calques of foreign
origin, mostly French and English.
Abstract:
258

Paper ID: G-2
MOTIVATIONAL SYSTEMS TO RETAIN EMPLOYEES IN COMPANIES OF

MARITIME NAVIGATION
Liliana Viorica Popa
Corresponding author: Liliana Viorica Popa, lili_vio@yahoo.co.uk
In the current competitive economy, a particularly important role is held by human resources
in modern organizations regarded as a strategic investment that organizational efficiency depends and
achieve the smooth functioning of competitive advantage.
An important step in analyzing human potential of an organization is identification and analysis of
motivational systems used as methods of stimulation of professional employees. Motivational factors
also should be quantified by the influence that rise of individual posts and positions and by dimensions
considered the most significant underlying individual motivation at work.
Efficiency and quality of work should always be reported to the roles team members meet, the
employee attitude towards the type of work assigned, to interpersonal relationships that are established
within the group, the types of strategies training that are adopted and sources of satisfaction and
motivation developed. In any market economy, organizations are characterized by irreversible
changes, often conflicting priorities, pressures for financial results over expectations. No area of
activity may be considered immune to the requirements imposed by the current economic
environment.
Motivation is crucial to success not only at company level, but also at the level of each department or
project. This is also the reason why employee motivation emerges as one of the most important areas
of responsibility of a manager.
At a time of increasing concerns about world growth due to financial world crisis, challenges of
maritime sector remains an urgent priority. With more than 80% of international trade in goods being
carried by sea, and an even higher percentage for the trade of most developing countries, maritime
business have to face several globalization challenges. Given the global nature of the shipping
industry, seafarers need special protection and serious attention must be paid to problems involving the
human and social dimension. Whether a seafarer is viewed primarily as an asset or an operating cost
depends largely on
the shipowners point of view. Those at the quality end of the market will clearly put the emphasis on
the benefits to be gained from employing seafarers who are properly qualified, trained and have the
competence they need to manage todays ships efficiently and safely. Such seafarers must be
motivated accordingly, in order to be retained in the maritime company.
In this paper are highlighted aspects that determine labor optimization, overall satisfaction, social
climate and labor relations, the way work is organized and tasks are carried out, deployment of effort,
relationships of non-financial remuneration - motivation.
Abstract:
Key words: motivation, labor, social climate, non-financial remuneration, interpersonal relationships.
259

Paper ID: G-3
COMPARED ANALYSIS ON BUSINESS PROCESS MODELING AND

REENGINEERING TOOLS
Cristina Dragomir
Corresponding author: Cristina Dragomir, cristina.dragomir@cmu-edu.eu
In systems engineering Business Process Modeling (BPM) is the activity of representing

processes of an enterprise in order to analyze and improve the current process. The business objective
is often to increase process speed and quality or to reduce costs. In practice, a management decision to
invest in business process modeling is often motivated by the need to document requirements for an
information technology project. Also, modeling provides a means for communication, thinking and
complexity management. Some BPM tools are used to model, document and restructure processes and
information flows. With advances in software design, the vision of BPM models becomes fully
executable and capable of simulations and round-trip engineering,
In this paper is made a review on some of the modeling and simulation tools and techniques used in
Business Process Modeling, including case diagrams, activity diagrams and software.
Also, the review is further extended on analyzing some of the contemporary Business Process
Reengineering (BPR) tools aiming to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the processes that
exist within and across organizations, in order to rethink how the organizations do their work. In the
context of barriers removal, international cooperation and technological innovations that cause
competition to intensify, Business Process Reengineering involves the radical redesign of core
business processes to achieve dramatic improvements. In current days of on going economic crisis,
ever lasting organizations use technology to support innovative business processes that help identify
processes, review, update, analyze, design, test and implement in a continuous reengineeering cycle.
Typically, they will adopt a new value system that places increased emphasis on customer needs.
The review focuses on some of the most known process engineering tools used for business process
improvement and reengineering: flow charts that can help visualize processes as a sequence of
activities with interleaving decision points, cross functional flowcharts or business process
reengineering matrix visualizing a sequence of activities with relevance rules based on data in the
process.
The main method used in the review is comparison. For each tool under discussion, the review will
consist in stating the general overview and characteristics and pointing the advantages and
disadvantages. In the final section of the paper is presented a compared analysis between Business
Process Modeling (BPM) and Business Process Reengineering (BPR) tools in a case-study.
Abstract:
Key words: case diagrams, activity diagrams, flow charts, cross functional flowcharts, business process reengineering
matrix.
260

Paper ID: G-4
A GLANCE OVER LEAN TOOLS USED IN MANUFACTURING PROCESS

IMPROVEMENT
Cristina Dragomir
Corresponding author: Cristina Dragomir, cristina.dragomir@cmu-edu.eu
Lean thinking is a contemporary paradigm that has been acknowledged as a requirment for
continuous process improvement and excellence in manufacturing and service organizations around
the world.
In any business there are three types of activities: activities that add value and which, from the point of
view of the customer, make a product or service more valuable; secondly, necessary activities that do
not add value and in terms of the customer, dont make a product or service more valuable, but which
can not be eliminated from the point of view of the supplier; and thirdly, unnecessary activities that do
not add value and can be eliminated. Lean concept refers to the effective management of an
organizations production processes by eliminating waste, ie processes that do not add value and are
not required.
Lean means creating more value for customers with fewer resources, by minimizing waste. A lean
organization understands customer value and focuses its key processes to continuously increase it. The
ultimate goal is to provide perfect value to the customer through a perfect value creation process that
has zero waste.
To accomplish this, lean thinking changes the focus of management from optimizing separate
technologies, assets, and vertical departments to optimizing the flow of products and services through
entire value streams that flow horizontally across technologies, assets, and departments to customers.
In this paper is made a review on some of the most known Lean tools used for process improvement in
manufacturing, including: 5S Check List refering to sorting, systemizing, sanitizing, standardizing and
sustainability, all intertwined with safety, Block Diagram showing the major steps, sequence,
inventory and cycle time of processes, Yamazumi Chart showing process time workloads assigned to
each worker, Work Load Balancing Chart needed to determine the optimal staff size, Machine Load
Balancing for Lean Manufacturing, A3 Gemba Interview pointing the appropiate questions for
interviewing workers and encouraging them to come with creative ideas and others.
For each Lean tool the review will consist in three sections: general overview and characteristics of
Lean tool, advantages and disadvantages. The main method used in the review is the comparison. The
paper has the aim to identify which Lean tool is most appropiate for a given manufacturing business.
Abstract:
Key words: 5S check list, block diagram, Yamazumi chart, work load balancing chart, machine load balancing, A3Gemba
Interview.
261

Paper ID: G-5
ON COMPUTING SPECIAL FUNCTIONS IN MARINE ENGINEERING

Eliodor Constantinescu & Bogdan Mihai
Corresponding author: Eliodor Constantinescu, mirelcon@imc.ro
Important modeling applications in marine engineering conduct us to a special class of

solutions for difficult differential equations with variable coefficients. In order to be able to solve and
implement such models (in wave theory, in acoustics, in hydrodynamics, in electromagnetic waves,
but also in many other engineering fields), it is necessary to compute so called special functions:
Bessel functions of the first and of the second kind, modified Bessel functions, spherical Bessel
functions, Hankel functions, Riccati Bessel functions and Kelvin functions. The Bessel functions
appear in many diverse scenarios, particularly situations involving cylindrical symmetry. The most
difficult aspect of working with the Bessel function is first determining that they can be applied
through reduction of the system equation to Bessels differential or modified equation, and then
manipulating boundary conditions with appropriate application of zeroes, and the coefficient values on
the argument of the Bessel function.The aim of this paper is to develop numerical solutions in Matlab
for the above mentioned special functions. Taking into account the main properties for Bessel and
modified Bessel functions, we shortly present analytically solutions (where possible) in the form of
series. Especially we study the behavior of these special functions using Matlab facilities: numerical
solutions and plotting. Finally, we compare the behavior of the special functions and point out other
directions for investigating the Bessel and spherical Bessel functions.
Abstract:
Key words: Bessel functions, modified Bessel functions, spherical Bessel functions.
262

Paper ID: G-6
SHIPS BEHAVIOR DURING HURRICANE SANDY NEAR THE USA

COASTS. SIMULATION RESULTS
Brindua Chiotoroiu1, Nicolae Grosan1 & Elena Soare2
1
Constanta Maritime University, Str.Mircea cel Batran nr.104, 900663, Constanta, Romania
2
Histria Shipmanagement SRL
Corresponding author: Brindua Chiotoroiu, b.c.chiotoroiu@gmail.com
The aim of this study is to analyze the impact of the stormy weather on the M/T Histria
Gemma shiphandling when the ship was very close to the centre of the hurricane Sandy in October
2012. The behavior of the ship in terms of handling and course stability, out of the port of New York,
are analyzed using the navigation simulator.
The forecast of Sandys track was a problem because of its transformation into a post-tropical cyclone.
In order to better describe the hydrometeorological conditions, meteorological maps from different
forecast models are compared in this study, together with relevant informations from the
meteorological warnings and ECDIS maps.
The ship route reconstruction is based on the ECDIS and Metmanager software maps and on the
testimonials of one member of the ship crew, who participated to the ship voyage as a deck cadet. The
simulation of the ship behavior takes into account real meteorological data, recorded during the
cyclone passage, and was performed on the navigation simulator from the Constanta Maritime
University. The simulation sessions allowed us the selection of specific parameters for the ship and the
environment. Based on the analysis of the parameters curves, a comparison was made between the
simulation results and the real results. The conclusions refer to the possibilities of manoeuvering to
avoid excessive drift and large deviation from the planned route.
Abstract:
Keywords: ship handling, course stability, yaw, rolling, hurricane, forecast models, North Atlantic.
263

Paper ID: G-7
DEPENDENCE ANALYSIS FOR THE AMPLITUDE OSCILLATORY

MOVEMENTS OF THE SHIP IN RESPONSE TO THE INCIDENCE WAVE
Mihaela-Greti Chiu1, Remus Zgan2 & Emil Manea3
1
Ovidius University of Constanta, Faculty of Mechanical Enginering,

2
Maritime University of Constanta, Faculty of Naval Electromechanics,
Mircea cel Btrn Street, No. 104, Constanta, Romania
3
Over Seas Manager Ship Repairs & Conversions Projects,
Constanta Shipyard, Greece Representative Office
Corresponding author: Mihaela-Greti Chiu, mgchitu@gmail.com
Event of major accident navigation near offshore drilling rigs remains unacceptably high,
known as the complications arising from the problematic of the general motions of the ship sailing
under real sea. Dynamic positioning system is an effective instrument used on board ships operating in
the extraction of oil and gas in the continental shelf of the seas and oceans, being essential that the
personnel on board the vessel can maintain position and operating point or imposed on a route with
high precision. By the adoption of a strict safety in terms of handling and positioning of the vessel in
the vicinity of the drilling platform, the risk of accidents can be reduced to a minimum. Possibilities in
anticipation amplitudes of the oscillatory movements of the ships navigating in real sea, is a challenge
for naval architects, and OCTOPUS is a tool used increasingly more in this respect, complementing
navigational facilities offered by dynamic positioning systems. This paper presents a study on the
amplitudes of the oscillations categories of supply vessels in severe hydrometeorological conditions of
navigation. The study provides information on the RAO (Response Amplitude Operator) response
operator of the ship, for the amplitude of the roll movements, in some incident wave systems,
interpreted using the energy spectrum Jonswap and whose characteristics are known (significant height
of the wave, wave period, pulsation of the wave). Ship responses are analyzed according to different
positioning of the ship in relation to the wave front (incident angle ranging from 10 to 10 degree),
highlighting the value of the ship roll motion amplitude. For the study, was used, as a tool for
modeling and simulation, the features offered by OCTOPUS / SEAWAY - software that allows the
study of the computerized behavior of the ship on the waves, in the real conditions of navigation.
Program library was used for both the vessel itself and navigation modeling environment, for regular
waves as well for the irregular waves which was modelled using Jonswap energy spectrum
Abstract:
Key words: roll motions; PSV; wave energy spectra; RAO; simulation; OCTOPUS / Seaway.
264

Paper ID: G-8
THE EVALUATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT AND THE EXTERNAL

COSTS OF URBAN TRANSPORT IN CONSTANTA
Costel Stanca, Viorela-Georgiana Stng, tefan Georgescu & Ovidiu Sorin Cupa
Constanta Maritime University, Faculty of Navigation,
Corresponding author: Georgescu Stefan, stefan102001@yahoo.com
Abstract: Transport
activities are known to have a substantial negative environmental impact, especially

when referring to the urban transport. Studies have shown that external costs (as accidents, congestion,
air emissions, climate change or noise) are an important subject of the European Union, that is way
were carried out several research projects. This paper will highlight the current requirements and
methodologies used by the European Union regarding the impact of the external costs of urban
transport in most of the growth poles of Europe.
Taking into consideration that Constanta is considered to be one of the seven major growth poles of
Romania for the 2014-2020 period, this study aims at analyzing how the results of similar studies
made in others centers of the European Union can be applied in Constanta, showing different
methodologies and evaluations regarding the external costs and their impact. We will analyze how the
conclusions obtained in previous projects are applicable to data collected by us throughout a field
research on the technical description of the means of transport used it this city. As methodology, we
will use one that was adopted by the European Union regarding the estimation of urban external costs,
taking into consideration that each externality has a different method for estimating it.
The results of this study may be useful in developing the sustainable urban mobility plan for
Constanta, as a strategic plan design to reduce the impact of urban transport, for a better quality of life
at present and in the future. Through this paper we will get an insight into the urban transport in
Constanta, but also data on external costs generated by the urban transport, given that road transport is
considered to be the most polluting transport mode.
Key words: external costs, urban transport.
265

Paper ID: G-9
GOVERNANCE MODELS. A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF BALTIC AND

ROMANIAN PORT AUTHORITIES
Jan Sjolin & Tudor Stanciu
Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi, 67 Blvd Mangeron, 70050, Iasi, Romania
Corresponding author: Tudor Stanciu, tudorprojects@yahoo.com
Abstract: As
goes for the global handling of goods, shipping is the overwhelming method. Looking into
the total flow of seafaring, ports play an important role. As goes for the very freight hauling, much
of competition is present, notwithstanding that there are elements of standardization which could act to
increase or reduce competition. The prices are often public, negotiated on exchanges and made
public. In relation to global industry trends and empirical evidence on the governance of port
authorities, the port authorities should improve their economic attractiveness and establish their
political and financial authority. Because each port in this study has its own unique character and
political heritage, a single governance system to fit all of them should not be recommended. In this
paper, we have rather evaluated the present situation and analysed the existing governance systems in
comparison with the best industry practices conducive to the financial and direct political
independence of port authorities from states and cities.
Paper ID: G-10
NEW COST-EFFECTIVE TECHNOLOGY FOR THE SHIP ENERGY

SYSTEMS
Nicolae Badea, Alexandru Epureanu & Gabriel Frumusanu
Technical Insitute of Galati, Romania
Corresponding author: Gabriel Frumusanu, gabrielfrumusanu@yahoo.com
In this paper, we present a new technology concerning the ship energy systems, which is
enabling the development of a plus-energy system, on such a manner as the systems become costeffective. The ship is approached as a living environment, associated to a specific industrial
environment, both having their own energy system. The two mentioned systems are interconnected
and realize an energy exchange. The final target is the performance increase for both energy systems .
Abstract:
Keywords: ship energy system, cost-effective, living environment.
266

Paper ID: G-11
THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCHES ON THE

OPERATING COSTS OF A WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT
Mariana Panaitescu, Fanel Viorel Panaitescu & Iulia Alina Anton
Abstract: Purpose of the work:
The total cost of a sewage plants is often determined by the present value
method. All of the annual operating costs for each process are converted to the value of today's
correspondence and added to the costs of investment for each process, which leads to getting the
current net value. The operating costs of the sewage plants are subdivided, in general, in the premises
of the investment and operating costs. The latter can be stable (normal operation and maintenance, the
establishment of power) or variables (chemical and power sludge treatment and disposal, of effluent
charges). For the purpose of evaluating the preliminary costs so that an installation can choose
between different alternatives in an incipient phase of a project, can be used cost functions. In this
paper will be calculated the operational cost to make several scenarios in order to optimize its. Total
operational cost (fixed and variable) is dependent global parameters of wastewater treatment plant.
The wastewater treatment plant costs are subdivided in investment and
operating costs. We can use different cost functions to estimate fixed and variable operating costs. In
this study we have used the statistical formulas for cost functions. The method which was aplied to
study the impact of the influent characteristics on the costs is economic analysis. Optimization of plant
design consist in firstly, to assess the ability of the smallest design to treat the maximum loading rates
to a given effluent quality and, secondly, to compare the cost of the two alternatives for average and
maximum loading rates.
In this paper we obtained the statistical values for the investment cost functions, operational
fixed costs and operational variable costs for wastewater treatment plant and its graphycal
representations. All costs were compared to the net values. Finally we observe that it is more
economical to build a larger plant, especially if maximum loading rates are reached. The actual target
of operational management is to directly implement the presented cost functions in a software tool, in
which the design of a plant and the simulation of its behavior are evaluated simultaneously.
Results:
Key words: operating cost, investment, sewage, wastewater, plant, statistical value, optimization.
267

Paper ID: G-12
THE INFLUENCE OF TRANSPORT NETWORK VULNERABILITY FOR

MARITIME PORTS
Florin Rusc, Eugen Roca, Aura Rusc, Mircea Roca & tefan Burciu
Politehnica University of Bucharest, Faculty of Transport,
Corresponding author: Florin Rusc, florin_rusca@yahoo.com
The concepts of reliability and vulnerability are quite important in assessing the ability of
transport networks from land to provide continuity in operation tacking in consideration the relation
with seaports. The natural disasters (earthquakes, floods, fires), the malevolence (terrorist acts,
sabotages, wars), the spread out of the human habitat and mainly the extension of urban areas and
traffic congestion on road networks provided a special interest in the researches reliability and
vulnerability for transport networks who connect maritime ports with interior citys. The impact of
nodes or link disruption could be quite significant. So, transport network reliability is defined in
relation with the main attributes of the network (like connectivity, topology, state of infrastructure), the
traffic characteristics (OD matrices, volume, hourly/day-to-day variations, etc.) and with environment
interactions (natural event, climatic change). Vulnerability analysis provides a way to find structural
weakness in the network topology that makes it vulnerable to consequences of failure or degradation.
In our paper we investigates the Romanian road network vulnerability related to Danube crossing
versus maritime ports (Constana and Mangalia) and its mitigation by improving network topology.
Using Visum software, we develop a methodology to assess road transport network vulnerability
versus Romanian seaports and we propose some solutions to reduce probability of road transport
network to fail.
Abstract:
Key words: transport network, maritime ports, reliability, vulnerability, model.
268

Paper ID: G-13
LOCATION OF AN INTERMEDIATE HUB FOR PORT ACTIVITIES

Stefan Burciu, Cristina Stefanica, Eugen Roca, Vasile Dragu & Florin Rusc
Corresponding author: Cristina Stefanica, cristina_stefanica@yahoo.co.uk
Abstract: An
intermediate hub might increase the accessibility level of ports but also hinterland and so it
can be considered more than a facility with a transshipment role. These hubs might lead to the
development of other transport services and enhance their role in gathering and covering economic
centers within hinterlands and also getting the part of logistic facility for the ports, with effects on port
utilization and its connectivity to global economy. A new location for a hub terminal leads to reduced
transport distances within hinterland, with decreased transport costs and external effects, so with gains
in peoples life quality.
Because the production and distribution systems are relatively fixed on short and medium term and the
location decisions are strategic and on long term, the logistic chains activities location models have to
consider the uncertainties regarding the possible future situations. In most models, production costs are
considered equal, the location problem reducing itself to a problem that aims to minimize the transport
total costs, meaning the transport problem.
The main objective of the paper is to locate a hub terminal that links the producers of cereals that are
going to be exported by naval transportation with the Romanian fluvial-maritime ports (Galai, Braila,
Tulcea and Constana).
GIS environment can be used to integrate and analyze a great amount of data and has the ability of
using functions as location - allocation models necessary both to private and public sector, being able
to determine the optimal location for services like factories, warehouses, logistic platforms and other
public services.
Keywords: port, hub, naval transport, location.
269

Paper ID: G-14
ROLE OF PORTS IN SPATIAL STRUCTURING AND RELATED

PERFORMANCE INDICES FOR RANKING PURPOSE
Oana Dinu 1, Mihaela Popa 1 & Carmen Costache 2
1
Politehnica University of Bucharest, Transport Faculty, 313 Splaiul Independenei,

060042, Bucharest, Romania
2
National Company Maritime Danube Ports Administration Galai, 34 Portului Str.,
800025, Galai, Romania
Corresponding author: Oana Dinu, oana.dinu@upb.ro
This paper aims to propose a set of performance indices and related criteria for the transport
network node ranking, with special view on inland-maritime ports of Danube (ports that are located on
Danube River last miles, near to the Black Sea, allowing upstream navigation for the maritime ships).
Commonly, the attraction potential of a certain transport node is assessed by its spatial accessibility
indices considering both: its spatial features of the location provided by the connected networks into
that node (connexity and connectivity indices) and its economic potential, meaning the level of traffic
flows depending on the facilities capacity of the node, the economic level of its hinterland, etc.
In the proposed methodology, the transport node has an important role for the spatial structuring of the
economic-social-environmental neighborhood areas. Specific criteria and related indices are designed
for an active assessment, meaning to reveal the added-value of the traffic flows passing through the
node, considering also the sustainable development requirements.
The proposed composite indices of the node performance considers also the spatial dynamic of the
nodes functional area: in fact, the node represents an interface between micro-transport networks
and the macro-networks, and through it, the functional economic space extends from the local level
to the regional, continental, or even international level.
Paper starts with a brief overview on the key performance indices present in existing literature
(including European Commission working papers for transport infrastructure) and then debates the
need of their improvement. Particular considerations for the inland waterway maritime port case is
followed by proposed methodology for the additional indices of performance, inside a composite index
with ranking purposes, and finally the main conclusions are drawn.
Abstract:
Key words: inland waterway-maritime port, spatial structuring, functional role of transport node, spatial accessibility,
performance indices.
270

Paper ID: G-15
TESTING MARKET INFORMATIONAL EFFICIENCY OF CONSTANTZA

PORT OPERATORS
Eugen Roca, Mihaela Popa, Florin Rusc & Stefan Burciu
Politehnica University of Bucharest, Transport, Traffic and Logistics Department,
Splaiul Independentei, No.313, 060042, Bucureti, Romania
Corresponding author: Eugen Rosca, eugen.rosca@gmail.com
The Romanian capital market is still an emergent one. Following the mass-privatization
process and the private investments, three of the most important handling and storage companies
acting in Constantza Port (OIL Terminal, Comvex and SOCEP) are listed on Romanian Stock
Exchange. The paper investigates their evolution on the market, identifying the expected rate of return
and the components of the shares risk (specific and systematic). Also, the price evolution could be
analyzed through the informational efficiency which instantly reflects the price relevance. The JarqueBera normality test regarding the shares return rate distribution and the Fama test for the informational
efficiency are completed for each company. The market price model is taken into consideration for
price forecasting, computing the return rate auto-correlations. The results are subject of interpretation
considering additional managerial and financial information of the companies activity.
Abstract:
Key words: port handling operator, market informational efficiency, financial risk, return rate.
Paper ID: G-16
THE RELATION BETWEEN THE SHOP FLOOR ENERGY SYSTEM AND

THE MANUFACTURING PROCESS OPTIMALITY
Nicolae Badea, Gabriel Frumusanu & Alexandru Epureanu
Technical Insitute of Galati, Romania
Corresponding author: Gabriel Frumusanu, gabrielfrumusanu@yahoo.com
Abstract: Nowadays,
the overhead expenses are a significant component of the manufacturing cost. The
expenditures occasioned by running the shop floor energy system are one of the most important among
the overhead expenses. However, the manufacturing process optimization actually does not take into
account these expenses, and the environmental impact of the shop floor energy system functioning is
also neglected. More than that, both expenditures and environmental impact of the shop floor energy
system are not constant, varying after the external environment seasonal conditions. This paper
presents the relation between the shop floor energy system expenditures and environmental impact, on
one hand, and the manufacturing process optimality, on the other hand.
271

Paper ID: G-17
A POINT OF VIEW ON OTTO CYCLE APPROCH SPECIFIC FOR AN

UNDERGRADUATE THERMODYNAMICS COURSE IN CMU
Feiza Memet & Andrei Preda
Corresponding author: Andrei Preda, andrei.preda@yahoo.com
The marine engineer degree should offer preparation for a successful career in advanced
marine engineering practice. Mechanical and marine engineering programs show several common
subjects, one of them being the thermodynamics course. Thermodynamics is an important topic in
different departments of engineering, since its brief definition is that it is the science of energy, which
makes it relevant for many practical systems and devices. On the other hand, worldwide shipping
industry had register a fast development in the number and quality of its fleet, fact which revealed the
need of improvement in curricula of programs able to provide highly qualified marine engineers.
In the context of todays challenging world, Constanta Maritime University replies to the necessity in
keeping updated courses. An aspect of this trend is found in the presentation of Otto cycles, as a topic
of the undergraduate thermodynamics course, addressed to students enrolled in Naval
Electromechanics Faculty, second year of study.
The approach presented in this paper refers to the study of the effect of specific heat of working fluid
and heat loss on the performance of an Otto cycle, using finite time thermodynamics- as a powerful
thermodynamic tool in the hand of specialists. Traditionally, Otto cycle performance issue was
presented to the students in the case of constant specific heat, available only if it is assumed that the
working fluid behaves as a perfect gas, meaning for relatively small temperature differences. Since in
the practice are met large temperature differences, should be considered the case of variable specific
heat, in this paper the adiabatic exponent being taken as a liniar function of temperature.
For the both situations discussed in the paper are given formula for the calculation of the total energy
of the fuel, the heat added to the working fluid, the heat leakage, the compression and expansion
efficiencies, the work output and the thermal efficiency. The calculus is based on the cycle shown in
temperature- entropy diagram, in which are also indicated the irreversible adiabatic compression and
expansion.
The experience achieved after understanding this theory will allow to future professionals to deal
successfully with the design of practice internal combustion engines.
Abstract:
Key words: Otto cycle, specific heats, constant, variable.
272

Paper ID: G-18
AN EXAMPLE OF ENGINEERING EXPERIENCE FROM

UNDERGRADUATE COURSE OF THERMODYNAMICS IN CONSTANTA
MARITIME UNIVERSITY
Andreea Arsenie, Corina Varsami & Ramona Tromiadis
Maritime University Constanta, Mihail Jora Str., No 2, Constanta, Romania
Corresponding author: Arsenie Andreea, andreea.arsenie@zmc.ro
Abstract: Thermodynamics
is a discipline dealing with energy in all its forms. It is used in the solving of
problems specific to energy systems with major importance in our society, such as transportation
systems. In Constanta Maritime University, Thermodynamics is a discipline which is included in the
curricula of Navigation and Naval Transport Faculty and Naval Electromechanics Faculty.
Future graduates should be exposed to engineering calculation. In this respect, this article is a
presentation of the way in which a practical example in the field of Thermodynamics is solved for the
understanding of our students.
More specific, it is presented a calculus specific for the combustion of liquid fuels. The steps to be
followed refer to the evaluation of the minumum amount of oxygen, the real amount of air requested
for combustion, the amount of fuel consumed during 1h, the amount of air requested by the engine
during 1 h and the power needed to compress the air.
Students receive different input data, so comparison is possible at the end of the calculus.
273

Paper ID: G-19
NEW PERSPECTIVES FOR MARINE ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION

THROUGH INNOVATIVE MARINE PROPULSION SYSTEMS
Radu Hanzu-Pazara, Anastasia Varsami & Nicolae Grosan
Corresponding author: Varsami Anastasia, anastasia.varsami@yahoo.com
We all are depending on the environment, especially on the marine environment which is
responsible for our lives normal cycle. When we make this affirmation we want to say that oceans are
the most important factor in the global environment equilibrium, they are the factor which dictates all
climatic changes, and, in the end influence our personal, social and economic life.
Taking into account these reasons, it is in our power to protect as much as we can the environment.
This is not just a theory or a story; we can really contribute to this protection and preservation.
In the maritime field, during the last decades, there have been many changes in the environment
protection area, starting with legislative changes and introduction of new rules, continuing with ship
equipment improvements and, reaching, in the last years, the problem of changing the ships
propulsion systems concepts and configurations.
The solutions offered in this sense by the ship builders and ship owners are vary and are based on use
of electrical power, fuels with low emission of pollutant elements, solar energy and wind energy in
different ways. Some of these ideas are futuristic ones, but very good and important for the
environment protection, yet they are impossible or difficult to be used in practice with consistent
results.
Solutions like the use of electric powers, use of low emissions fuels and, why not, nuclear power are
realizable and effective in the propulsion of a medium size cargo ship, the last one even in case of
large and very large cargo ships. Other solutions are disputable how they will be capable to generate
enough power to move a fully loaded medium ship. There is a possibility to use them as an opportunity
to reduce consume of fossil fuel used presently, to compensate the loss of propulsion due to reduction
of fuel consumption.
We will present the advantages and, where there are, the disadvantages of these alternative propulsion
systems, how they contribute to marine environment protection, and if it is possible to consider them
as the future of marine transport propulsion systems.
Abstract:
274

Paper ID: G-20
SIMULATION MODEL FOR PORT SHUNTING YARDS

Florin Rusc, Eugen Roca, Mircea Roca, Aura Rusc & tefan Burciu
313 Splaiul Independentei, 060042, Bucharest, Romania
Corresponding author: Florin Rusc, florin_rusca@yahoo.com
Abstract: Seaports
are important nodes in the supply chains, joining two high capacity transport modes:
rail and maritime transport. The huge cargo flows transiting ports require high capacity construction
and installation such as berths, quay cranes, and respectively shunting yards. However, the port
shunting yards specificity raises several problems such as: limited access since these are terminus
stations for rail network, the in-out put of large transit flows of cargo relatively to the scarcity of the
departure/arrival of a ships, as well as limited land availability for implementing solutions to serve
these flows. It is necessary to identify technological solutions that lead to an answer to these problems.
The paper proposed a simulation model developed with ARENA computer simulation software
suitable for shunting yards which serve sea ports with access to the rail network. Are investigates the
principal aspects of shunting yards and adequate measures to increase their transit capacity. The
operation capacity for port shunting yards sub-system is assessed taking into consideration the required
operating standards and the measures of performance (e.g. waiting time for freight wagons, number of
railway line in station, storage area, etc.) of the railway station are computed. The conclusions and
results, drawn from the simulation, help transports and logistics specialists in testing the proposals for
improving the port management.
Key words: simulation model, shunting yards, sea ports, railway capacity.
275

Paper ID: G-21
THE INFLUENCE OF THE WAVES IN THE AREAS NEAR THE PORT

Fanel-Viorel Panaitescu, Mariana Panaitescu & Iulia Alina Anton
Corresponding author: Mariana Panaitescu, marianapan@yahoo.com
The paper investigate the influence of the waves in the areas of Constanta
port and the North of Mamaia resort sandy coast. The port has an asymmetric design that protects them
from the sea.This study analyses the port influence on the waves, the wave driven current and the
sediment transport patterns.
Abstract: Purpose of the work:
The harbour is on a sandy coast consisting of sand with d50=0.70 mm and

sg=0.75m in the entire area. Irregular, directional waves move towards the coast from 2700 (West
direction). Waves move over a water level corresponding to MWL=1m. The wave characteristics at
the offshore boundary are Hm0 =1.61 m and Tp=10.00 s. We are looking at an area that spans 10 000 m
in the long-shore direction and 2500 m in the cross-shore direction. It is used the wave simulation with
MIKE 21 PMS, and the hydrodynamic simulation with MIKE 21 HD. Irregular, directional waves are
added at the offshore boundary of the wave model. The frequency spectrum is of JONSWAP type, but
around the mean direction of wave propagation (2700) a cosn distribution of wave energy is used. At
the other open boundaries symmetry boundary conditions are used.The wave simulation takes wave
breaking into the consideration. The bed roughness is not considered.
Result:
In this study, it is of interest to examine how the presence of the harbour influences the waves,
the wave-driven current and the sediment transport patterns. When simulating of the wave driven
currents with MIKE 21 HD we use constant values of velocity and Manning number all over the model
area. The time slots are set to five seconds and the simulation runs for ten hours to ensure stable
conditions. Finally the data are visualized flow, level and influence over the area of the coast.
Key words: wave, port, influence, simulation, MIKE 21 HD, coast.
276

Paper ID: G-22
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT LOADING CONDITIONS ON

LARGE CONTAINER SHIPS FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE
STABILITY REQUIREMENT
Costel Stanca, Nicoleta Acomi, Cristian Ancuta & Stefan Georgescu
Constanta Maritime University, Faculty of Navigation,
Container ships carry cargoes that are considered light from the weight point of view
compared with their volumetric capacity. This fact makes the still water vertical bending moment to be
in hogging condition. Thus, the double bottom structure is permanent subjected to compressive load.
With the enlargement of container ships to the Post Panamax vessels the breadth to depth ratio tends to
be increased comparative to those of Panamax container ships that present restriction related to
maximum breadth of the ship.
The current studies reveal the impossibility for Panamax container ships to comply with the minimum
metacentric height value of stability without loading ballast water in the double bottom tanks. In
contrast, the Post-Panamax container ships, as resulted from metacentric height calculation have
adequate stability even if the ballast water is not loaded in the double bottom tanks. The analysis was
conducted considering a loaded port-container vessel. Because of minimization of ballast quantities,
the frequency with which the still water vertical bending moment reaches close to the allowable value
increases.
This study aims at analysing the ships behaviour in different conditions loaded/unloaded and carrying
ballast water in the double bottom tanks. By calculating the metacentric height that influences the port
container vessel stability for vessels carrying containers in a limited number, different by maximum
allowed for that type, this study will emphasize the level of loading capacity where the Post-Panamax
vessels require to take ballast water in the double bottom tanks, due to metacentric height variation.
Abstract:
Key words: metacentric height, ships stability.
277

Paper ID: G-23
HUMAN FACTORS ISSUES IN MARITIME INDUSTRY, VIOLATIONS OF

RULES AND ERRORS
Ramona Tromiadis, Radu Hanzu-Pazara & Anastasia Elena Duse
Constanta Maritime University, 104 Mircea cel Batran Street, 900663, Constanta, Romania
Coresponding author: Ramona Tromiadis, ramona_bjn@yahoo.com
Human errors are the predominant cause of maritime accidents. Over the last years, shipping
industry had a priority to improve the ships structure and systems accuracy to reduce the incidence of
accidents and to increase efficiency and production. However the rate maritime accidents are still high.
This is due to the fact that the system precision and the ship's structure are only a small part of the
safety equation.
The maritime system is a system coordinated by human, so an important factor in causing accidents is
the human error. Around 75%-96% of maritime accidents are generally attributed to human error or
associated with human error. Studies have shown that human error contributes to 84-88% of the total
number of accidents suffered by oil tankers, 79% of total tug grounding, 89-96% of total number of
collision, 75% of total number of grounding and 75% of fire and explosion. Because of the large scale
of damage suffered by maritime industry with the implication of human errors as the main cause for
the accidents, the study of human factors became an important area of concern.
Assuming that safe operating procedures are well established, any deviation will lead the person who
breaks the rules in an area of high risk and danger. Violation of the rule itself may not be harmful but
their violation it will implement the one who violates in situations in wich the errors that will come
will have almost certainly unpleasant consequences. This paper describe the major components and
causing categories starting with the nearest accident level which is malware. This relationship can be
expressed by the following equation: violations of rules plus error may lead to injury, death and
damage.
Resulting situation can sometimes become much worse because those who consistently break the rules
often involve that nobody else will break the rules, at least not at the same time. Violation of safe
working procedures is not just a matter of carelessness and recklessness of the decision makers.
Factors that lead to deliberate disobedience extend far beyond the individual psychology in direct
contact with labor risks and include major organizational problems.
Dangerous actions taken by operators generally have two forms, errors and violations of the rules.
Dangerous actions that operators cause can be classified in three main types of errors and two forms of
violation of rules.
Abstract:
Key words: human errors, human elements, dangerous actions, accidents, malware.
278

Paper ID: G-24
OPTIMIZING SHIPS BEHAVIOUR WHEN SAILING IN FOLLOWING SEAS

Aurel Bostina1, Alina Lucia Bostina2, Nicoleta Acomi2 & Ovidiu Cristian Acomi3
1
CMA CGM, Marine Department, Quai dArenc, No. 4, 13235, Marseille, France
Constanta Maritime University, Navigation Department, Mircea cel Batran Street, No. 104, 900663, Constanta, Romania
3
Project Masters Nigeria Ltd., Marine Manager, Km 14, Port Harcourt Aba Expressway, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Abstract: Ships
are built for sailing and transporting cargo on seas and oceans in weather conditions that
are not friendly all the time. Even if the weather forecast is transmitted to vessels, the way of acting it
is a matter of officers experience. Although, the International Maritime Organization came across this
situation by developing an instrument to provide masters with a basis for decision making on ship
handling in adverse weather and sea conditions, and for assisting them to avoid dangerous phenomena
that they may encounter in such circumstances. The Maritime Safety Committee, under the IMO, has
approved the Guidance to the master for avoiding dangerous situations in adverse weather and sea
conditions. Adverse weather conditions include wind induced waves or heavy swell. Some
combinations of wave length and wave height under certain operation conditions may lead to
dangerous situations for the ships. When sailing in adverse weather conditions, a ship is likely to
encounter various kinds of dangerous phenomena: Surf-riding and broaching; Reduction of intact
stability caused by riding on the wave crest at midship; Synchronous rolling motion; Parametric rolling
motion or Combination of various dangerous phenomena, which may lead to capsizing or severe roll
motions causing damage to cargo, equipment and persons on board.
The reaction of a ship to dangerous phenomena depends on the actual stability parameters, hull
geometry, ship size and ship speed. This implies that the vulnerability to dangerous responses,
including capsizing, and its probability of occurrence in a particular sea state may differ for each ship.
The subject of this paper is to analyse one portcontainer ships behaviour in different weather
conditions. The method consists in using one specially developed software which takes into account
the main particulars, actual stability and dynamic characteristics of the individual ship in the real
voyage conditions, in order to obtain the Dangerous Zone diagram.
In order to avoid surf-riding and broaching the master should reduce speed to less than the critical
speed. It should be noted that surf-riding and broaching may occur even at lower speeds, and therefore
the master should reduce speed or change course in case of large surge accelerations.
This diagram will allow us to analyse the situation and to determine the ways for avoiding dangerous
conditions by changing the course or the speed. The results should be regarded as a supporting tool
during the decision making process.
Key words: following seas, maritime transport, ship handling.
279

Paper ID: G-25
PERSPECTIVES IN ACOUSTIC MODELLING FOR HARVESTING ENERGY

IN COMPLEX ENVIRONMENT BY USING PIEZOELECTRIC FIBRES
Raluca Maria Aileni
INCDTP, Bucharest, Romania
Corresponding author: Raluca Maria, Aileni, raluca.maria.aileni@gmail.com
The paper presents aspects regarding integrating of polyvinylidine fluoride into technical
textile composite structure by using thin films. In this case for deposition of thin film is required a
textile surface modification by using plasma nanotechnology. At the other side piezoelectric ceramics
have high piezoelectric performances with inconvenient that are hard and inflexible. By using the
polymer matrix and piezoelectric ceramic particles can be obtained a composite product with
mechanical flexibility. The areas of usage of these structures based on piezoelectric particles or fibres
are for medical (sensors for patients breathing and heartbeat, a sensor in a waistband monitoring heart
activity) and for energy harvesting devices based on textile structures. A piezoelectric polymer fiber or
yarn have the advantage that is flexibility and low weight. These piezoelectric fibers can be waved or
knitted in textile structure or may be present like fibers in nonwoven structures for noise control and
energy harvesting. Piezoelectric materials can act like actuators and sensors. Scientific literature shows
that till present were tried to develop many devices by using piezoelectric fibres composites, including
vibration and noise control, health monitoring, morphing of structures and energy harvesting.
Harvesting of sound energy is to convert it into electrical energy, which requires storage and collecting
energy system that couples vibration to a transduction mechanism. There are device which consist in
usage of harvesters energy mounted in wearable devices for harvest mechanical energy due to human
walk or running. The energy harvested by using the polyvinylidine fluoride fibers mounted for
harvesters has been used to power a radio frequency (RF) tag system to demonstrate the feasibility for
potential self-powering applications.
Abstract:
280

Paper ID: G-26
AN APPROACH TO THE IMPLEMENTATION OF ISO 14000 AT A SHIPPING

COMPANY
Fanel-Viorel Panaitescu & Mariana Panaitescu
Abstract:
We present a successful implementation of Environmental Management System (EMS) in a

shipping company. The EMS of the each company must revised and expanded and new analytical
requirements included in it. This new EMS concept is available to everyone on board and must studied
by every seafarer. The all environmental requirements to be stricktly followed all over the world.The
rules of new EMS present: new open reporting system, environmental tag system (ETS) which
introduce non re-usable numbered seals, pollution prevention equipment (OWS, OCM, Incinerator and
Sewage Treatment Plant), the environmental defect reports system extraordinary E/R operations and
leakages log book.
The EMS study includes: tank soundies, fleet engineering survey forms,
environmental weekly and monthly report, record keeping, the crew training procedures, ballast water
management plan, garbage management plan, sewage discharges,bilge water discharge, sludge
discharge, air pollution-SOx control, fuel oil management plan, NOx control, shipboard oil pollution
emergency plan (SOPEP), non tank vessel response plan (NT-VRP), vessel general permit (VGP) .
In this paper we obtained the tests and evaluation, including recording system. All personnel
can trained and evaluated on environmental issues prior and after embarkation.
Results:
Key words: implementation, environment, management, ship, company, training, evaluation, test.
281

Paper ID: G-27
NEW APPROACH IN SHIP MANOEUVRABILITY PREDICTION

Remus Zgan1, Mihaela-Greti Chiu2 & Emil Manea3
1 Constanta Maritime University, Faculty of Naval Electromechanics,
Mircea cel Btrn Street, No. 104, Constanta, Romania
2 Ovidius University of Constanta, Faculty of Mechanical Enginering,
3 Over Seas Manager Ship Repairs & Conversions Projects,
Constanta Shipyard, Greece Representative Office
Coresponding author: Zgan Remus, zagan.remus@cmu-edu.eu
Nowadays there is many computational tools that is being developed to predict the sea
keeping and dynamic stability performance of a steered ship in large waves. Ship motion forecasting is
very important for safety of ships especially when operating in large waves. It is known that the ship
motions have dynamical and nonlinear characteristics in the ocean and sea environments. In our paper
we try compare different software that are using to predict the manoeuvrability of the ships applying
the predicted nonlinear wave field with the current state of the vessel motions. Different simulations
was performed and made in comparison with other test simulations cases for different value of rudder
angle. We try to find the best method that can be applied to ship manoeuvrability prediction, and
simulation results showed the validity computational tool to improving the prediction accuracy.
Abstract:
Key words: heave, pitch and roll motions; simulation, MATLAB, OCTOPUS.
282

Paper ID: G-28
REDUCING DIESEL EMISSIONS GASES IN PORTS. CLEAN PORT AN

EXAMPLE IN GREEN SHIPPING
Andreea Aresenie & Mihaita Jenaru
Corresponding author: Arsenie Andreea, andreea.arsenie@zmc.ro
In this article we intend to discuss the ports development inventories of air emission .The
recent inventories show considerable progress in reducing emissions since 2006, and they provide data
to identify areas for continued improvement going forward.
The reduction of diesel particulate matter emission per tonne of cargo by 75percent by 2015 and
80percent by 2020 and also the reduction of gas emission per tonne of cargo by 10percent by 2015
and 15percent by 2020.
The existing performance measure for 2015, is to meet IMO standards for sulphur content in fuel. The
International Maritime Organization (IMO) takes the problems of shipping air pollution very seriously
and they already set a timeframe to reduce progressively fuel NOx content,in this case vessels will
have no other choice only to use lower sulphur content, or alternative technologies.
Since these standards are now regulatory requirements that established the North American Emission
Control Area (ECA), the strategys revised target is for vessels to surpass the ECA requirements by
burning even lower sulphur content fuel while at berth.
In 2015, the second phase of ECA goes into effect which will require the use of fuel with no more than
0.1 percent sulphur content. The ECA will make a dramatic impact on diesel particulate matter
emission.
The 2020 target for ocean going vessels shifts to efficiency improvements which will increase focus
on greenhouse gas and also reduce operating costs for vessels. The target is for port and carriers to
participate in port-designed or third party certification programs that promote continuous
improvement.
The marine ports need to demonstrate a real commitment to reduce gases, smog forming and toxic
pollution.
Abstract:
283

Paper ID: G-29
THE RIGID BI-FUNCTIONAL SAIL, NEW CONCEPT CONCERNING THE

REDUCTION OF THE DRAG OF SHIPS
Ionela Ticu1, Ionel Popa2 & Marian Ristea3
1

2
University Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independenei, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
3
"Mircea cel Batran" Naval Academy, Faculty of Navigation and Naval Management,
Fulgerului Street, no.1, 900218, Constanta
Corresponding author: Ionela Ticu, ionela.ticu@yahoo.com
The European Union politics in the energy field, for the next period, until 2020 is based on
three fundamental objectives: sustainability, competitiveness and security of energy supply. The
Energy - Climate Changes program sets for the EU a number of objectives for 2020, known as the
20-20-20 objectives, namely: the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions by at least 20% from the
level of those of 1990, a 20% increase in the share of renewables in the total energy consumption and a
target of 10% biofuels in the energy consumption for transports. In this context, in order to produce or
save a part of the propulsive power produced by the main propulsion machines, by burning fossil fuels,
we propose to locate on board of the ships, a new device, the rigid bi-functional sail. This may have
the role of capturing wind energy and the role of deflector to reduce the drag through a suitable use of
the air flow coming from the bow direction, as a result of the forwarding of the ship, with significant
advantages in reducing the energy consumption in order to ensure propulsion.
Abstract:
Key words: unconventional energy, wind energy, sailing propulsion, bi-functional sail, rigid sail, lift force.
284

Paper ID: G-30
INNOVATION IN ENGINEERING EDUCATION THROUGH COMPUTER

ASSISTED LEARNING. VIRTUAL UNIVERSITY MODEL
Alexandra Raicu1 & Gabriel Raicu 2
1

2
Corresponding author: Alexandra Raicu, alexandra.raicu@cmu-edu.eu
The paper presents the most important aspects of innovation in Engineering Education using
Computer Assisted Learning. The authors propose to increase the quality of Engineering Education
programs of study at European standards. The use of computer assisted learning methodologies in all
studies is becoming an important resource in Higher Education. We intend to improve the concept of
e-Learning using virtual terminals, online support and assisting special training through live seminars
and interactive labs to develop a virtual university model. We intend to encourage computer assisted
learning and innovation as sources of competitive advantage, to permit vision and learning analysis,
identifies new sources of technology and ideas. Our work is based on our university datasets collected
during last fourteen years using several e-Learning systems. In Constanta Maritime University (CMU),
using e-Learning and Knowledge Management Services (KMS) is very important and we apply it
effectively to achieve strategic objectives, such as collaboration, sharing and good practice. We have
experience in this field since 2000 year using Moodle as KMS in our university. The term KMS can be
associated to Open Source Software, Open Standards, Open Protocols and Open Knowledge licenses,
initiatives and policies. In CMU Virtual Campus we have today over 12500 active users. Another
experience of the authors is the implementation of MariTrainer Wiki educational platform based on
Dokeos and DekiWiki under MARICOMP and MEP Leonardo da Vinci Project. Well also present in
this paper a case study under EU funded project POSDRU, where the authors implemented other
educational platform in Technological High Schools from Romania used over 1000 teachers. Based on
large datasets the study tries to improve the concept of e-Learning teaching using the revolutionary
technologies. The new concept present in this paper is that the teaching and learning will be interactive
and live. The new and modern techniques are the flexible learning courses, the production of learning
demonstrators and testing. All the information from the virtual educational platform remain open
space, communication between participants and continued after graduation, so we can talk about
creating and maintaining a community of graduates, a partnership with them. Every European
University must have a department which aims to provide computer assisted learning using knowledge
creation through learning, capture and explication, sharing and collaborative communication, access,
use and reuse and knowledge archiving.
Abstract:
Key words: virtual university, engineering education, computer assisted learning, virtual University, knowledge
management services, open source software.
285

Paper ID: G-31
FINITE ELEMENT METHOD FOR CALCULATING MARINE STRUCTURAL

DESIGN
Alina Ion1, 2
1
Constanta Maritime University, Department of Navigation,

2
Constanta Maritime University, Department of Fundamental Sciences and Humanities,
Corresponding author: Alina Ion, alina_ion@rocketmail.com
The aim of this paper is to design and dimension marine structures optimally to fulfil both
functional and safety demands. A master level of structural mechanics, is vital to verify testing and
analysis and to develop new structures. This study can improve the calculation and estimation of the
effects of hydrodynamic and other loads; movements, deformations and internal forces in fixed and
floating platforms and ships. Deformations and the strength of constructions are also important
calculations, and must be controlled as regards the requirements of the operator and the authorities..
The finite element method (FEM) ensures basic understanding of the finite element method as applied
on static cases including beam and plate elements, and experience with static analysis of marine
structures like jacket platforms and ships, along with the basic understanding of dynamic response of
systems with one degree of freedom and simple continous beams, and how analysis models can be
established for realistic structures by use of generalized coordinates and ode superposition.
Finite element modelling is central to the ability to perform an engineering analysis of a model using a
computer. One of the core strengths is its ability to help you create a finite element model, either from
an existing geometry model or through direct finite element operations. The equations needed to
determine the behaviour of an entire complex model are often so complicated that it would be
impractical to derive or solve them. The finite element method solves this problem by dividing the
complex model into an assembled group of finite elements, small interconnected pieces commonly
referred to as a mesh. The elements in a finite element model have common geometric shapes such as
rectangles, triangles, and tetrahedron. They also include connecting points called nodes, and assigned
material and element properties.
Once the model is divided into finite elements, the computer analysis program can then use efficient
mathematical equations to calculate the behaviour of the individual elements, taking into account the
interdependence of adjacent elements and the assigned properties. By converting the geometry model
into a finite element model composed of interconnected pieces, a computer can analyze the models
behaviour simply and accurately.
Abstract:
Key words: marine structures, finite elemets, meshing plate, ship.
286

Paper ID: G-32
MARITIME VESSEL OBSOLENCE, LIFE CYCLE COST AND DESIGN

SERVICE LIFE
Oana Dinu & Ana-Maria Ilie
Politehnica University of Bucharest, Transport Faculty,
313 Splaiul Independenei, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
Corresponding author: Oana Dinu, oana.dinu@upb.ro
Maritime vessels have long service life and great costs of building, manning, operating,
maintaining and repairing throughout their life. Major actions are needed to repair, renovate, sometime
built or even replace those scrapped when technology or demand changes determine
obsolence.Obsolence is regarded as a concern throughout vessels entire life cycle reflects changes in
expectation regarding performances in functioning, safety and environmental effects. While service
live may differ from physical lives; expectations about physical lives is the main factors that
determines design service life. Performance and failure are illustrated conceptually and represented in
a simplified form considering the evolution of vessels parameters during its service life.
In the proposed methodology an accumulated vessel lifecycle cost is analised and obsolence is
characterized from ships design, performances, maintenance and management parameters point of
view.
Danube inland ports feeding Black Sea are investigated in order to provide comprehensive information
on: number and tipes of vessels, transport capacity, life cycle length and CO2 emissions. No attempt
was made to differentiate between sale and purchase decisions of various owners throughout the ships
life since and considered that regardless of ownership, a ship will continue to be repaired and traded
until scrapped.
Recommendations are to be made in order to integrate owners, docking teams, vessel managers,
docking software and to insure a best practice in lifecycle management in order to reduce costs.
Abstract:
Key words: maritime vessel, obsolence, performance, failure, life cycle, service life.
287

Paper ID: G-33
ON THE OPTIMIZATION OF AN UNDERWATER ACOUSTIC MODEMS

DIGITAL TRANSCEIVER
George Zrnescu
Corresponding author: Zrnescu George, zarnescugeorge@yahoo.com
It is known that the variations of the parameters of the underwater environment cause the
transmission channel to be unreliable and degrade the quality of an underwater acoustic
communication. An underwater communication link can be created between two modems or a modem
and an operator. The most important task of an underwater acoustic modem is to transmit in a reliable
way to the destination the acquired scientific data gathered from a particular location. This was shown
that can be done by adapting the modems analog architecture to the particularities of the underwater
channel, creating a versatile system. Not only the analog part of the modem must be adapted to the
channel variations but also the digital part must be implemented so that the best modulation scheme
can be used.
This article presents the research results of the implementation of an optimized digital transceiver of an
underwater acoustic modem. There were chosen different single and multicarrier modulation schemes.
The modems digital transceiver is based on a coherent architecture. The research results were
obtained for a particular underwater channel that was characterized by seasonal and daily changes of
the sound speed profiles. These profiles were measured in the North-Western part of the Black Sea that
belongs to Romania, in two regions that were named Constanta and Mangalia. These two are large
cities at the Black Sea. The sound speed profile and other important parameters, like wind speed,
average wave height, bottom composition, attenuation at the surface and bottom and the level of
perturbations, were used in an underwater acoustic simulator and the results were represented by series
of impulse response functions.
The series of weighted functions were used to simulate the transmission of signals modulated using
single carrier modulation schemes like BPSK and QPSK or multi carrier schemes like FSK and
MFSK. The results of these simulations were interpreted and they suggest that for the particular
underwater acoustic channel and for MFSK modulation scheme, with M equal to four, the optimal
modulation scheme is obtained and can be used to implement the digital transceiver. These results can
be extrapolated and a future research can be conducted, considering the simulation of OFDM
modulation scheme.
Abstract:
Key words: Underwater acoustic modem, underwater acoustic channel, underwater acoustic communications, single carrier
modulation, multicarrier modulation, digital transceiver.
288

Author Index
Bancila Simion, 243
Barca Eduard Sebastian, 253
Barhalescu Mihaela, 177
Baroiu Nicuor, 54
Bash Al-Maliky Salam, 178
Belgiu George, 154, 186, 234
Belu Nadia, 57, 58
Benchea Marcelin, 100
Berbinschi Silviu, 54
Bernstein A., 240
Besliu Vitalie, 242, 243, 244
Biaas Katarzyna, 139
Bica Daniela, 79
Bingl Ferhat, 248
Blaga Florin, 179
Bljin Ovidiu, 73, 77
Boca Maria Loredana, 131, 132
Bocian Miroslaw, 114
Boiangiu Mihail, 133
Bolcu Dumitru, 99
Bordea Nicolae, 79
Bostina Alina Lucia, 279
Bostina Aurel, 279
Brabie Gheorghe, 38, 39, 50, 51, 52, 67, 68
Broitman Esteban, 20
Buchacz Andrzej, 139, 168, 184, 187
Budeanu Luiza Camelia, 97
Buido Traian, 179, 208
Bujor Adriana, 216, 217
Buliga Valentin, 47
Buluc Gheorghe, 88, 102, 107
Burada Cristian Oliviu, 99
Burciu tefan, 268, 269, 271, 275
Butnariu Anca, 214
A
Abbas Fadhel, 103
Abbas Firas, 245
Abdukarimov Abdusalom, 60
Abrudeanu Marioara, 253
Achiei Drago Cristian, 89, 241
Acomi Nicoleta, 173, 277, 279
Acomi Ovidiu Cristian, 173, 279
Adam Andrei, 188
Adolphe Dominique, 47, 246
Agafitei Iuliana Georgiana, 210
Agop Maricel, 97, 101
Ai Ling, 21
Aileni Raluca Maria, 256, 280
Albert Gyorgy, 208
Albut Aurelian, 55, 98
Alexa Octavian, 145, 159
Alhamdo Mohammed, 160
Amza Gheorghe, 40
Anania Florea Dorel, 83
Ancuta Cristian, 277
Andrei Gabriela, 80
Andri Ljubia, 64
Anghel Daniel Constantin, 57
Anton Iulia Alina, 267, 276
Apetrei Ancuta Vasilica, 246
Apostolescu Zoia, 40
Aresenie Andreea, 283
Arhire Irina, 240
Arsenie Andreea, 175, 273
Arsenovi Milica, 255
Atashafrazeh Majid, 248
Avasilci Silvia, 210, 214, 215, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220,
221, 222
Avramescu Ana-Maria, 165, 169, 170, 235
Axinte Mihai, 110, 111
Axinte Tiberiu, 122, 123, 142, 143, 177
C
Caileanu Adrian, 87
Caliman Radu, 93, 96
Cruu Constantin, 39, 108, 154, 186, 234
Carcea Ioan, 88, 97, 102, 105, 107, 252
Carja Gabriela, 92
Ceccarelli Marco, 192
Cerbu Camelia, 90
Cha Hyun Ae, 109
Chaudhari Shrirang, 213
Chelariu Romeu, 91
Chereche Tudor, 189
Chiotoroiu Brindua, 263
Chirita Bogdan Alexandru, 38, 39, 52
Chirita Daniel, 75, 76
Chiu Mihaela-Greti, 38, 264, 282
Cholewa Adam, 199
Cicic Dumitru-Titi, 85
Cimpoeu Nicanor, 241
Ciortea Elisabeta Mihaela, 131, 147
B
Bczkowicz Magdalena, 155
Bdnac Ana, 48
Badea Nicolae, 266, 271
Badescu Gabriel, 115, 116
Badescu Rodica, 115, 116
Bahadirov Gayrat, 60
Baier Andrzej, 117, 118, 120, 121, 184
Baier Maja, 126
Blan Adrian Ciprian, 48
Balaniscu Bogdan, 223
Bltescu Oana, 97, 105, 111, 252
Blatu Mdlina Simona, 104
Bana Wacaw, 59, 137, 168, 197, 198, 200, 201, 202,
203, 204, 205
289

Ciucur Violeta, 115, 146
Cohal Viorel, 154
Coman Costel Catalin, 62
Comaneci Radu, 91, 124, 128
Conduraru (Slatineanu) Alina, 193
Conduraru Ionel, 193
Constantinescu Eliodor, 262
Copilusi Cristian, 192
Coroiu Adriana Mihaela, 231
Costache Carmen, 270
Costache George, 152
Crafleanu Andrei, 133
Cretu Gheorghe, 79
Crimu Carmen-Iulia, 100
Cupa Ovidiu Sorin, 150, 265
Curteza Antonela, 47, 246
wika Grzegorz, 163, 164, 204
Frumusanu Gabriel, 266, 271

G
Gadow Rainer, 25, 94, 240
Galateanu (Avram) Elena, 221, 222
Gaziowski Damian, 187
Ge Ziyi, 21
Geonea Ionut, 186, 192
Georgescu tefan, 265, 277
Ghenghea Laurentiu Dan, 42
Gheorghi Ctlin, 59
Gheorghi Vlad, 59
Ghi Simona, 173, 251
Girnita Ion, 152
Giza Andra, 70
Gligor Adrian, 129
Goanta Adrian Mihai, 127, 237
Golam Ali, 160
Goda Grzegorz, 164
Gonalves-Coelho Antnio, 44
Gostev Ivan, 125
Grabowik Cezary, 37, 140, 141, 144, 156, 157, 158,
163, 166, 171, 172
Grabowski ukasz, 120, 121, 184
Gradinaru Dorin, 180, 181
Graule Thomas, 22
Grebenian Dan, 79
Grigora Cosmin Constantin, 50, 51, 67, 68
Grosan Nicolae, 263, 274
Grosu Dnu, 145, 151
Grubka Roman, 43
Guo Tzung-Fang, 30
Gurau Gheorghe, 104
Guzgan Dorin, 242
Gwiazda Aleksander, 137, 155, 197, 198, 200, 201,
202, 203, 205
D
Darie Vlad, 73, 77, 78
Dascalescu Anca-Elena, 142, 143, 176
Deleanu Dumitru, 247
Dijmarescu Manuela-Roxana, 149
Dijmarescu Maria-Cristina, 149
Dimitrescu Andrei, 40
Dinu Oana, 270, 287
Dinu Simona, 80
Dirja Marcel, 115
Dobrzaska-Danikiewicz Anna, 59, 204, 254
Dohotaru Ion, 46
Dordescu Marian, 115, 146
Doroftei Ioan, 193, 194
Dragnea Daniel, 189
Dragomir Cristina, 260, 261
Dragu Vasile, 269
Dumitrache Constantin, 176
Dumitru Nicolae, 186
Duse Anastasia Elena, 278
H
Hanzu-Pazara Radu, 274, 278
Hashim Mohammed, 103
Herbu Krzysztof, 71, 161, 162, 207
Herghelegiu Eugen, 39, 52, 72
Herghiligiu Ionu Viorel, 223
Hetmanczyk Mariusz Piotr, 135, 136, 148
Hirbu Arefa, 243
Hnatiuc Bogdan, 251
Hnatiuc Mihaela, 251
Hodaj Fiqiri, 28
Hozdi Elvis, 212
Hryniewicz Przemysaw, 137, 197, 198, 200, 201, 202,
203, 205
Huang Ying-Chi, 30
E
Earar Kamel, 100
Enache Ioana Catalina, 165, 170, 235
Epureanu Alexandru, 266, 271
F
Fattah Abbood Sahar, 245
Fenik Leonid, 43
Filip Florina-Cristina, 232, 233
Fleac Bogdan, 224, 225, 229, 238
Fleac Elena, 224, 229, 238
Florea Iulia, 88, 107
Florea Raluca Maria, 88, 105, 252
Foit Krzysztof, 137, 197, 198, 200, 201, 202, 203, 205
Fradinho Joo, 44
Franiasz Jakub, 126
I
Iacob Marius, 73
290

Iacoban Sorin, 87
Iani Aurora Ctlina, 95
Iftimie Nicoleta, 89
Ilie Ana-Maria, 287
Ilie Constantin-Ovidiu, 145, 159
Ilie Sorin, 129
Ioanid Alexandra, 224, 225
Ion Alina, 185, 286
Ionescu Daniela, 249, 250
Ionescu Laureniu Mihai, 58
Ionici Cristina, 97
Irla Artur, 31
Istrate Bogdan, 87, 100, 104, 241, 253
M
Macovei (Crlan) Simina, 193
Mahdi Qasim Saleh, 103
Majzner Micha, 120, 121, 184
Mani Lidija, 24
Manea Emil, 264, 282
Manea Ion, 152
Manole Vasile, 48
Manoliu (Nuescu Duduman) Ctlina, 97
Marascu-Klein Vladimir, 232, 233
Marc Gheorghe, 211
Mareci Daniel, 87
Marguta Daniel, 70
Marin Alecsandru, 41
Marin Laurentiu, 244
Marinescu Marin, 145, 151, 159, 190
Martina George, 175
Matsuoka Mitsuaki, 35
Mazre Alin, 58
Mazuru Sergiu, 46, 189
Memet Feiza, 65, 272
Michalski Piotr, 135, 136, 148
Mierzwa Piotr, 126
Mihai Bogdan, 262
Mihai Petrua, 224, 225, 229
Mihut Nicoleta Maria, 182
Mikhaylov Aleksandr, 43, 45
Milii Ljiljana, 64
Milosevic Olivera, 24
Minciun Mirabela Georgiana, 89, 241
Mirioiu Cosmin Mihai, 99
Misztal Agnieszka, 58
Mitran Gabriela, 129
Mohora Cristina, 236
Mouro Antnio, 44
Munteanu Corneliu, 87, 100, 253
Mureseanu M., 92
Muscalu Iulia, 102
J
Jamroziak Krzysztof, 113, 114
Janicki Damian, 84
Janik Witold, 158, 163, 171
Jenaru Mihaita, 283
Jeng Jun-Yuan, 30
Jeon Jae-Ho, 109
K
Kalinowski Krzysztof, 37, 140, 141, 144, 156, 157,
163, 166, 172
Kamanina Natalia V., 33
Kamel Earar, 87
Kampa Adrian, 164
Kauppinen Esko I., 34
Kela Paul, 211
Kempa Wojciech, 37, 140, 141, 144, 156, 157, 166, 172
Khenoussi N., 246
Kiljan Anna, 226
Killinger A., 240
Kobi Abdessamad, 223
Kondo Akira, 35
Kosobudzki Mariusz, 113, 114
Kost Gabriel, 59, 204
Kovaci Maria, 249, 250
Kozawa Takahiro, 35
Krenczyk Damian, 69, 138, 164, 228
Krieg P., 240
Krl Mariusz, 106
Kulisiewicz Maciej, 114
N
Nacu Cosmin-Mihai, 215
Naito Makio, 35
Navka Ilya, 45
Neagu-CoglniceanuCamelia, 63
Nedelcu Dumitru, 44, 101, 119, 153
Negoi Octavian, 229, 238
Negoi Olivia, 238
Nejneru Carmen, 110
Nguyen Trung-Thanh, 29
Nicodim Vlad Mihai, 50, 51
Nicolae Viorel, 129
Nistoran Diana, 119
Nitoi Dan Florin, 40
Nutu Catalin, 123
L
Lacor Chris, 27
Langer Pawe, 195
Liaw Der-Jang, 30
Lixandru Paul, 189
ukowiec Dariusz, 254
Lupescu Octavian, 48
Lupu Mihaela Luminia, 223
291

Rachieru Nicoleta, 57
Racu (Cazacu) Cristina-Magda, 194
Radojevi Zagorka, 64, 66, 255
Radu Maria Crina, 38, 52, 72
Raicu Alexandra, 177, 285
Raicu Gabriel, 285
Raveica Ionel Crinel, 41
Ristea Marian, 284
Rizea Vasile, 253
Robledo Christian, 223
Rontescu Corneliu, 85
Roca Eugen, 268, 269, 271, 275
Roca Mircea, 268, 275
Roca Vlcu, 99
Roszak Marek, 226
Rudenko Evgeniy, 230
Rusc Aura, 268, 275
Rusc Florin, 268, 269, 271, 275
Rushica Ivan, 81
Rusnac Vladislav, 242, 244
Rusu Gabriela, 218, 219, 220
Rusu Ioan, 105
O
Oancea Nicolae, 54
Oanta Emil, 142, 143, 176, 177
Ociepka Piotr, 71, 161, 162, 207
Ojegov Alexandr, 242, 243, 244
Olaru Ionel, 130
Oniga Valeria-Ersilia, 82
Ouyang Xinhua, 21
Ovidiu Bljin, 78
P
Panait Cornel, 176, 177
Panaitescu Fanel Viorel, 230, 267, 281
Panaitescu Mariana, 230, 267, 276, 281
Paprocka Iwona, 37, 140, 141, 144, 156, 157, 166, 172
Park Hong- Seok, 29
Pasare Minodora Maria, 74
Paszek Alfred, 49, 227
Paunoiu Viorel, 42
Pecingina Olimpia Mioara, 134
Pele Alexandru- Viorel, 179
Pena Andra Elena, 83
Peng Ruixiang, 21
Perju Manuela Cristina, 110
Pescaru Alexandru, 142, 143
Petculescu Petre, 38
Petre Cristian Ctlin, 133
Petriceanu Stefan-Constantin, 85
Pinzaru Natalia, 242
Piticari Ioan-Liviu, 119
Paczek Marek, 117, 118, 167, 168
Plaiasu Adriana-Gabriela, 253
Plvnescu (Mazurchevici) Simona, 101, 153
Plesu Gheorghe, 41
Pomazan Valentina Mihaela, 53, 79
Pop Andrei, 188
Popa Gabriel, 152
Popa Ionel, 284
Popa Liliana Viorica, 259
Popa Mdlina, 48
Popa Mihaela, 270, 271
Popa Septimiu, 94
Popa Teodor, 150
Popa Valentin, 108
Preda Andrei, 65, 272
Predoi Mihai Valentin, 133
Prenta Gabriel, 152
Pruteanu Octavian, 39
Puiu Costescu Elena, 101
Puncioiu Alin-Marian, 151, 190
Purcrea Anca Alexandra, 229, 238
Puscasu C.M., 92
S
Sabau Adrian, 176, 251
Saleh Mahdi Qasim, 245
Sandiuc Corina, 258
Sandu Andrei Victor, 89
Santos Antonio Gabriel, 44, 153
Sava Alin-Constantin, 119
Savin Adriana, 89
Schacher Laurence, 47, 246
Schnakovszky Carol, 72
Scurtu Ionut Cristian, 61
Skala Agnieszka, 59, 137, 197, 198, 200, 201, 202,
203, 204, 205, 254
Sezek Sinan, 150
Sibirtseva Elena, 125
Sintea Sorin, 79
Sitek Wojciech, 31, 106
Sjolin Jan, 266
Skolud Bozena, 69, 138, 228
Skowera Micha, 163
Soare Elena, 263
Soare Vasile, 102
Sobek Micha, 120, 121, 184
Soleimani Sajjad, 243
Spalinski Krzysztof, 113
Spinu Sergiu, 180, 181
Stajilov Victor, 41
Stan Daniel, 174
Stan Liviu-Constantin, 175
Stan Teodor, 87
Stnel Iulian, 179
Stanca Costel, 265, 277
Stanciu Tudor, 266
Stnescu Marius Marinel, 99
R
Rabanal Maria Eugenia, 24
292

Stefan Ovidiu, 115
Stefanica Cristina, 269
Steigmann Rozina, 89
Stng Viorela-Georgiana, 265
Stingaci Ion, 81
Stoicev Petru, 244
Strugaru Sorin Iacob, 100
Sturm Roman, 89
wider Jerzy, 199
Sydorova Elena, 45
U
Ursu Mircea-Petru, 208
V
Vaideanu Dorin, 101
Van De Voorde Marcel, 26
Varsami Anastasia, 274
Varsami Corina, 273
Vasi Milo, 66, 255
Vasile Ovidiu, 133
Vedina Ioan, 119, 190
Vilau Radu, 145, 159
Vnturi Valentin, 151, 159, 190
Vrlan (Chivu) Oana Roxana, 85
Vitalariu Anca, 91
Vizureanu Petric, 32, 89, 104, 110, 241
Vladu Gabriel, 122
Vlase Aurelian, 73, 77, 78
Volf Irina, 108
tefnoiu Radu, 89
T
Tai Yian, 30
Talmaciu Adina, 108
Tamas Razvan, 23
Tampu Nicolae Catalin, 38, 39, 52, 72
Taski Tomasz, 106
Tasca Dan Gabriel, 40
Teodor Virgil Gabriel, 54
Terzi Anja, 64, 255
Theeb Maathe, 160
Ticu Ionela, 284
Tilin Dana Iuliana, 236
Toca Alexei, 46, 81
Toncu Dana-Cristina, 243
Toncu Gheorghita, 243
Topala Pavel, 242, 243, 244
Trinca Carmen, 87
Tromiadis Ramona, 273, 278
Tru Marian, 151, 190
Tsai Chou-Yi, 30
Tulcan Aurel, 174
Tulcan Liliana, 174
W
Wang Po-I, 30
Wang Wei-Ting, 30
Wittbrodt Piotr, 49, 227
Wjcicki Tomasz, 206
Wolany Weronika, 254
Wrbel Andrzej, 117, 118, 195, 196
Wu Chun-Hsien, 30
Wylenzek Dawid, 126
Z
Zgan Remus, 38, 264, 282
Zaharia Carmen, 92, 234
Zapciu Miron, 83, 236
Zrnescu George, 288
Zbiciak Rafa, 158, 171
Zbigniew Monica, 56, 183
Zbilski Adrian, 199
Zemczak Marcin, 69, 228
Zhang Qiang, 30
Zhang Xingye, 21
ugui Ctlin-Andrei, 110
293

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ModTech International Conference

Modern Technologies in Industrial Engineering

June 17-20, 2015

ModTech International Conference

ModTech Publishing House

ModTech International Conference

Program Over View ........................................................................................................................

Abstracts Plenary Session.............................................................................................................

Abstracts Section A ......................................................................................................................

Abstracts Section B ......................................................................................................................

Abstracts Section C ......................................................................................................................

Abstracts Section E ......................................................................................................................

Abstracts Section F ......................................................................................................................

Abstracts Section G ......................................................................................................................

Author Index ...................................................................................................................................

ModTech International Conference

Presidents of Organizing Committee

ModTech International Conference

Ion BOSTAN, Technical University of Moldova, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova

ModTech International Conference

Boyan MEDNIKAROV, Naval Academy, Varna, Bulgaria

ModTech International Conference

ModTech International Conference

ModTech International Conference

PROGRAM OVER VIEW

June 17, 2015

June 18, 2015

Korea Institute of Materials Science, South Korea

Chairman, Prof. Remus Zagan

CLOSING CEREMONY / PAPERS AWARDS

ModTech International Conference

FACTORS GOVERNING THE GROWTH KINETICS OF

Prof. Der-Jang Liaw, National Taiwan University of Science and

Opening Ceremony. Welcome

ModTech International Conference

Prof. Ziyi Ge, NIMTE, Chinese

Prof. Razvan Tamas, Maritime

ModTech International Conference

Prof. Ziyi Ge, NIMTE, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China

Prof. Razvan Tamas, Maritime University of Constanta, Romania

ModTech International Conference

Orhideea Room: Plenary Session / Keynote Speakers

Prof. Rainer Gadow, University of Stuttgart, Germany

Prof. Marcel Van de Voorde, Delft University of Technology, Netherlands

Prof. Chris Lacor, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium

ModTech International Conference

Orhideea Room: Plenary Session / Keynote Speakers

Prof. Hong Seok Park, University of Ulsan, South Korea

Prof. Der-Jang Liaw, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology,

Prof. Wojciech Sitek, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland

Prof. Petrica Vizureanu, Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi,

ModTech International Conference

Section A & Section B

Thursday, June 18, 2015

Friday, June 19, 2015

Saturday, June 20, 2015

Please follow the steps:

ModTech International Conference

Thursday, June 18, 2015

Friday, June 19, 2015

Saturday, June 20, 2015

Please follow the steps:

ModTech International Conference

Section D & Section E