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HISTORY OF PAPER
The Name paper comes from papyrus, a Latin word of
roman catholic language spoken by the Spanish,
Portuguese & Italians.
Papyrus is a product of reed (water grass). It is found
along the banks of Nile River in Egypt. Layers of the reed
were laid side by side over a stone slab.
SCOPE & SIGNIFICANCE
The significance of paper and paper products in modern
life is obvious to everyone. Paper provides the mean of
recording storage and dissemination of information
virtually and writing & printing is done on paper. It is the
most widely used wrapping and packing material and is
important for structural application.
THE CHARACTERISTICS OF PAPER
2. Density
3. Stiffness
4. Smoothness
13 Tearing Strength
5. Folding Endurance
6. Softness
7. Dimensional Stability
8. Bursting Strength
9. Cobb Test (water absorbancy)
Cobb Test (Cobb60)
CONCLUSION
The overage value of Cobb60 of bottom side is greater
than top side. It means sizing of paper at top side is
better than at bottom side
CONCLUSION
We Concluded that there is some error found in
calculating the basis weight by quadrant scale
STIFFNESS OF PAPER SAMPLE
Aim: To determine the stiffness of paper sample.
Apparatus : Stiffness tester, stiffness sample cutter (Taber
cutter), scale, conditioning chamber.
Definition: Stiffness is the blending moment in gram
antimatter necessary to deflect the free and of a 38mm
wide vertically clamped specimen 15 from its centre line.
Significance: The economic value of paper board
depends upon its stiffness and because this property is
closely related to the amount of fiber in the board and
hence its cost. Stiffness of paper relates to a number of
end use application including wrapping printing etc.
Unit of stiffness = Taber
CONCLUSION
BREAKING STRENGTH
Aim: To determine tensile breaking strength of paper.
Apparatus used: Tensile Testing machine, clamps from
to 2 inch wide, conditioning chamber.
Conclusion
trength of Paper sample is more in machine direction as
compare to Cross direction