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PEs represents the energy stored in a stretched or compressed spring or other elastic medium. Unit: J.
The total energy stored in the spring is given by
E = 12 kA2
Because Fs is a conservative force, the total mechanical energy, E, of a mass-spring system is conserved:
E = KE + PE = constant
1
Therefore
kA 2 = 12 mv 2 + 12 kx 2
2
Solving the above for v
k 2
A x2
m
The above shows that v = 0 at the extreme positions when x = A and that v is a maximum at x = 0, given by
k
v max =
A
m
When an object is moving with SHM, its position as a function of time is given by
x = A cos(2ft )
or
x = A cos(t )
v=
where (omega) is known as the angular frequency and has units of rad/s.
From the above two equations
= 2f
The velocity and acceleration as a function of time are given by
v = A sin (2ft )
a = A 2 cos(2ft )
The period, T, of an object of mass m moving with SHM while attached to a spring of spring constant k is
m
T = 2
k