NP3 Nephrology

Basic Anatomy Review

Essential Med Notes 2015

Afferent arteriole
Renal Hemodynamic Parameters
RBF = 20% of CO, ~1 L/min
RPF = RBF*(1-Hct)
GFR = ~120 mL/min in healthy adult
(99% of this volume is reabsorbed)
FF = GFR/RPF (normally 20%)

Prostaglandins = dilation NSAIDs = constriction

Efferent arteriole

ACEI = dilation

Afferent arteriole

Angiotensin II = constriction

Bowmans space

Proximal
tubule
Juxtaglomerular
cells
Podocyte

Capillary
Endothelium
Mesangial cell

Mesangial cell
Podocyte
(visceral epithelium)

Bowmans capsule
(parietal epithelium)

Bowmans space

Endothelial
cell

Tobi Lam 2012

Efferent arteriole

Figure 1. The glomerulus

The Renal Tubules

reabsorption and secretion occur between the renal tubules and vasa recta forming urine for
excretion
each segment of the tubule selectively transports various solutes and water and is targeted by
specific diuretics

Proximal tubule:
Osmotic diuretics

Organic acids

Glucose 90%
Amino acids 90%
Phosphates 90%

H+

+
K+ H

Aldosterone receptor
(late distal tubule
and collecting duct)
ENaC
channels
Na+
K+

Distal tubule:

Cortex
Medulla

NaCl 5% H 0 HCO
2
3
Ca2+

Thiazide diuretics
Na+ 10%- K - 2Cl
Ca - Mg
2+

2+

H20 2%

Descending thin limb

of loop of Henle

Ascending thick
limb of loop
of Henle:
Loop diuretics

Ascending thin
limb of loop
of Henle:
Loop diuretics

Figure 2. Tubular segments of the nephron

ADH receptor
Aquaporin
channel

ADH
H2O
NaCl
Urea
H2O

Collecting duct:

K+ sparing
diuretics

Andrew Q. Tran 2014 (after Jerusha Ellis 2014)

HCO3 90%
Na+ 80%
H20 80%