Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Social mobility
ideology
Upward/downward
PLATO
Exchange
MARX
Exchange places
CLOSED SYSTEMS
CASTE SYSTEMS
Social Mobility
Structural mobility
Intergenerational Mobility
Based on ascription
Marriage
Social interaction
However
OPEN SYSTEMS
CLASS SYSTEM
OPEN SYSTEMS
STATUS CONSISTENCY
Knowledge
Abilities
Effort
Wealth
Power
Prestige
Davis-Moore Thesis
Power
Social Stratification:
Does it lead to conflict?
CLASS SYSTEM
Conspicuous Consumption
Income Inequality:
Sociological Perspectives
O Conflict Approach
O Inequality is systematically created and
maintained by those trying to preserve
their advantage over the system.
O Does income inequality have a function?
O Structural-Functionalism:
Inequality as Functional
O Structural-Functionalism: Inequality as
Functional
O Structural-Functionalism
and Poverty
O Rapid economic and technological
changes eliminated the need for lowskilled labor, creating a population of
workers who were unskilled and
untrained for this new economy.
O Why the preference for capital-intensive
production?
O Structural-Functionalism
and Poverty
O Poverty is functional for the society.
(Herber Gans)
O Why We Need the Poor:
How Poverty Helps Society
O The poor ensure that societys dirty work
gets done at low cost.
Income Inequality
O The poor help our motivation. We know A Look at Poverty in the Philippines
that he had better get an education and
work hard or else we could end up there Absolute Poverty
(the projects, and soup line).
"a condition characterised by severe
O The poor also help our self-concept. They deprivation of basic human needs, including
food, safe drinking water, sanitation facilities,
make us feel superior.
health, shelter, education and information. It
O Poverty as a result of dysfunctions
depends not only on income but also on access
to services."
O Government
Overall Poverty
O Education
takes various forms, including "lack of income
O Family
and productive resources to ensure sustainable
O Symbolic Interactionism
livelihoods; hunger and malnutrition; ill health;
limited or lack of access to education and other
O First Focus: What does poverty mean to
basic services; increased morbidity and
people?
mortality from illness; homelessness and
O The meaning of poverty is relative and inadequate housing; unsafe environments and
social discrimination and exclusion. It is also
differs from group to group within the
same society, as well as from culture to characterised by lack of participation in
decision making and in civil, social and cultural
culture and from one era to the next.
life. (UN, 1995)
O Absolute poverty measures
poverty in relation to the amount GINI Coefficient
of money necessary to meet basic
extent to which the distribution of income (or,
needs such as food, clothing, and
in some cases, consumption expenditure)
shelter. (UNESCO)
0 : perfect equality
O Symbolic Interactionism
1 : perfect inequality
O Second Focus: How do the non-poor view
the poor?
Race and Ethnic Stratification
O Subordinate / Minority Group
O Racism
O An ideology based on the belief that an
observable, supposedly inherited trait,
such as skin color, is a mark of inferiority
that justifies discriminatory treatment of
people with that trait.
O doctrine of biologically superior and
inferior races.
O Racial Groups
O Ethnic Groups
O Functionalist Perspective:
Functions for the Dominant Group
O Racial beliefs discourage subordinate
people from attempting to question their
lowly status; to do so is to question the
very foundations of the society.
O Functionalist Perspective:
Functions for the Dominant Group
O Racial ideologies serve as a rallying
point for social movements.
O Nazi party
O Australians Against Further
Immigration
O Genocide
State-sponsored mass killing explicitly
designed to completely exterminate a
population deemed to be racially or ethnically
different and threatening to the dominant
population.
O Expulsion
The forcible removal of a population from a
territory claimed by another population
~ Martin
Luther King, Jr.
GENDER STRATIFICATION
Gender Roles
O Slavery
Sociological
Perspectives on Gender
Sociological Perspectives
on Gender
Patriarchy
O Segregation
Ecological and institutional separation of
races or ethnic groups
O Assimilation
The process by which a minority group
blends into the majority population and
eventually disappears as a distinct people
within the larger society.
O CULTURAL PLURALISM
- different ethnic and racial groups are able to
maintain their own cultures and lifestyles even
as they gain equality in the institutions of the
larger society.
Sociological Perspectives
on Gender
The Status of
Women Worldwide
Women in the
Workforce of the U.S.
Women in the
Workforce of the U.S.
Feminism
Liberal
Socialist
Marxist
Radical