Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Lab Us
sing the
e Window
ws Calculator w
with Netw
work Ad
ddresses
s
O
Objectives
Part 1: Ac
ccess the Windows Calc
culator
Part 2: Co
onvert betwe
een Numberiing Systems
Part 3: Co
onvert Host IPv4 Addresses and Sub
bnet Masks in
nto Binary
g Powers of 2
Part 4: De
etermine the
e Number of Hosts in a Network Using
Part 5: Co
onvert MAC Addresses and
a IPv6 Add
dresses to B inary
B
Backgroun
nd / Scenarrio
Network technicians us
se binary, dec
cimal, and he
exadecimal nu
umbers when working with
h computers a
and
des a built-in Calculator ap
pplication as p
part of the op
perating system. The
networking devices. Microsoft provid
C
inc
cludes a Standard view tha
at can be used to perform basic arithme
etic tasks
Windows 7 version of Calculator
such as addition,
a
subtrract, multiplica
ation, and div
vision. The Ca
alculator application also h
has advanced
programm
ming, scientific
c, and statistic
cal capabilitie
es.
In this lab
b, you will use the Windows
s 7 Calculatorr application P
Programmer view to conve
ert between th
he binary,
decimal, and
a hexadecimal number systems.
s
You
u will also use
e the Scientificc view powerss function to d
determine
the numbe
er of hosts that can be add
dressed base
ed on the num
mber of host b
bits available.
R
Required Resources
R
sing an opera
ating system other
o
than Wiindows 7, the
e Calculator a pplication vie
ews and functions
Note: If us
u should be a
available may vary from
m those show
wn in this lab. However, you
able to perform
m the calcula
ations.
Page 1 of 7
Step 1: Click the Windows Start button and select All Programs.
Step 2: Click the Accessories folder and select Calculator.
Step 3: After Calculator opens, click the View menu.
What are the four available modes?
Note: The Programmer and Scientific modes are used in this lab.
c.
Click the Hex (Hexadecimal) radio button. Which characters are activated on the number pad now?
2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. This document is Cisco Public.
Page 2 of 7
L
Lab Using the
t Windows
s Calculator with Networrk Addresses
s
d. Click the Dec radio
o button. Usin
ng your mouse
e, click the nu
umber 1 follow
wed by the nu
umber 5 on th
he
ber pad. The decimal
d
numb
ber 15 is now entered.
numb
Note: The numberrs and letters on the keyboard can also be used to en
nter the value
es. If using the
e
nume
erical keypad, type the num
mber 15. If the
e number doe
es not enter in
nto the calcula
ator, press the
e Num
Lock key to enable
e the numeric
c keypad.
Click the Bin radio
o button. What happened to
o the numberr 15?
e. Numb
bers are conv
verted from on
ne numbering
g system to an
nother by sele
ecting the dessired number mode.
Click the Dec radio
o button again
n. The numbe
er converts ba
ack to decima
al.
f.
g. As yo
ou were switch
hing between the numberin
ng systems, yyou may have
e noticed the binary numbe
er 1111 is
displa
ayed during th
he conversion
n. This assists
s you in relatin
ng the binaryy digits to othe
er numbering system
values. Each set of 4 bits repres
sents a hexad
decimal chara
acter or poten
ntially multiple
e decimal cha
aracters.
Binary
Hexadecim
mal
86
6
175
204
0001
0
0011
0100
0
1101
0010
0
1010
38
93
E4
i.
As yo
ou record the values
v
in the table above, do you see a pattern betw
ween the bina
ary and hexad
decimal
numb
bers?
Page 3 of 7
Part 3: Convert Host IPv4 Addresses and Subnet Masks into Binary
Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) addresses and subnet masks are represented in a dotted decimal format
(four octets), such as 192.168.1.10 and 255.255.255.0, respectively. This makes these addresses more
readable to humans. Each of the decimal octets in the address or a mask can be converted to 8 binary bits.
An octet is always 8 binary bits. If all 4 octets were converted to binary, how many bits would there be?
a. Use the Windows Calculator application to convert the IP address 192.168.1.10 into binary and record the
binary numbers in the following table:
Decimal
Binary
192
168
1
10
b. Subnet masks, such as 255.255.255.0, are also represented in a dotted decimal format. A subnet mask
will always consist of four 8-bit octets, each represented as a decimal number. Using the Windows
Calculator, convert the 8 possible decimal subnet mask octet values to binary numbers and record the
binary numbers in the following table:
Decimal
Binary
0
128
192
224
240
248
252
254
255
c.
With the combination of IPv4 address and the subnet mask, the network portion can be determined and
the number of hosts available in a given IPv4 subnet can also be calculated. The process is examined in
Part 4.
2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. This document is Cisco Public.
Page 4 of 7
192.168.1.10
255.255.248.0
Because the first 21 bits in the subnet mask are consecutive numeral ones, the corresponding first 21 bits
in the IP address in binary is 110000001010100000000; these represent the network portion of the
address. The remaining 11 bits are 00100001010 and represent the host portion of the address.
What is the decimal and binary network number for this address?
What is the decimal and binary host portion for this address?
Because the network number and the broadcast address use two addresses out of the subnet, the
formula to determine the number of hosts available in an IPv4 subnet is the number 2 to the power of the
number of host bits available, minus 2:
Number of available hosts = 2 (number of host bits) 2
b. Using the Windows Calculator application, switch to the Scientific mode by clicking the View menu, then
select Scientific.
c.
d. Input 11. Click =, or press Enter on the keyboard for the answer.
e. Subtract 2 from the answer by using the calculator if desired.
f.
In this example, there are 2046 hosts are available on this network (211-2).
g. If given the number of host bits, determine the number of hosts available and record the number in the
following table.
Number of Available Host Bits
5
14
24
10
2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. This document is Cisco Public.
Page 5 of 7
Subnet Mask
255.255.255.0
11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000
255.255.240.0
11111111.11111111.11110000.00000000
255.255.255.128
11111111.11111111.11111111.10000000
255.255.255.252
11111111.11111111.11111111.11111100
255.255.0.0
11111111.11111111.00000000.00000000
Number of
Available
Host Bits
Number of
Available
Hosts
c.
Convert the MAC address into binary digits using the Windows Calculator application.
2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. This document is Cisco Public.
Page 6 of 7
Binary
2001
0DB8
ACAD
0001
0000
0000
0000
0001
Reflection
1. Can you perform all the conversions without the assistance of the calculator? What can you do to make it
happen?
2. For most IPv6 addresses, the network portion of the address is usually 64 bits. How many hosts are available
on a subnet where the first 64 bits represent the network? Hint: All host addresses are available in the subnet
for hosts.
2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. This document is Cisco Public.
Page 7 of 7