Design Guide for Tall Buildings

CHAPTER 15.1
CONCRETE DESIGN
1.0 Comparison of Codes for IS: 456-2000, ACI Code (318-95), BS Code (8110-97)
This is the compilation of codal provision of the structural use of concrete of IS 456:200, ACI 318-95 and BS 8110-97. The scope of this document
is to give general information and comparison of clauses for beam, column, slab, shear and deflection.
1.1 General
IS: 456- 2000
1. Limitation for the grade of Concrete

ACI 318-95
1. Limitation for the grade of Concrete

BS 8110- 97
1. Limitation for the grade of Concrete

maximum upto M55

2. Modulus of Elasticity (Cl. 6.2.3.1)

maximum upto M55

2. Modulus of Elasticity (Cl. 8.5.1)

maximum upto M55

2. Modulus of Elasticity (Fig. 2.1)

Ec = 5000

f ck

MPa

Ec= 4700

3. Nominal Cover (Table 16)

Exposure

Cover (mm)

Mild

20

Moderate

30

Severe

45

Very Severe

50

Extreme

75

4. Stress Strain relation of Concrete

f ' c MPa

3. Nominal Cover (Cl. 7.7.1)

Ec= 5.5

b. Concrete exposed to earth

No.19 to No. 57 bars- 50mm
c. Concrete not exposed to weather or in
contact with ground

kN/m2

= 4490

f ck

MPa

3. Nominal Cover (Table 3.3)

a. a. Concrete cast against & permanently Exposure

exposed to earth 70mm

f ck

25

Mild

35

Moderate

35

Severe

40

Very Severe 50
Depends on the grade of concrete.

Codes for IS: 456-2000, ACI Code (318-95), BS Code (8110-97)

Slab, Walls :No. 43 & No.Comparison
57 bars of
40mm
4. Stress Block of Concrete
4. Stress Strain relation of Concrete
Comparison of Codes for IS: 456-2000, ACI Code (318-95), BS Code (8110-97)

Concrete Design

Ch 15.1 - 1 of 10

Design Guide for Tall Buildings

5. Fire Protection

5. fire Protection

5. Fire Protection

Expressed in hours,

Thickness of cover for fire protection greater Expressed in hours,

IS code gives nominal cover to beams, than minimum concrete cover. (Cl. 7.7.7.)

BS code gives nominal cover to beams,

columns and slabs (Table 16 A)

A. Beams
IS: 456- 2000

columns and Floors (Table 3.4)

Concrete Design

ACI 318-95

BS 8110- 97

Ch 15.1 - 2 of 10

Design Guide for Tall Buildings

1. Minimum Reinforcement in Beam: 1. Minimum Reinforcement (Cl.10.5.1)

1. Min % of R/f

(Cl.26.5.1.1)

(Table 3.25)

0.85

s
Tension Reinforcement bd f
y

IS 13920:1993, min= 0.24

Fck
Fy

Max R/F in beam: - (Cl.26.5.1.2)

As,min=

fc
4fy

'

bw d or

1.4bwd
fy

Section

Above Criteria may not be applied if at every

subjected

section the area of tensile R/f provided is at

to flexure

least one-third greater than required by

- Flange Beams-

analysis

Web in Tension

Compression and Tension must not be

bw/b<0.4

greater than 0.04bD

bw/b>0.4

IS 13920:1993, max = 0.025

2. Slenderness Limit (Cl . 23.3)

Fe250 Fe460

100As/bwh 0.32
---do---

0.24

0.18
0.13

Min comp R/f 0.2% (Table 3.25)

Max (tension &Comp R/F)- 4% (Cl. 3.12.6)
2. Slenderness limit (Cl-10.4.1)

Clear distance between restraint does not Spacing of lateral support

2. Slenderness Limit- (Cl-3.4.1.6)

For

simply

supported

and

exceed 60b or 250 b2/d

For a beam it should not be greater than 50 60bc & 250 bc2/d

Cantilever 25b or 100 b2/d

times the least width of the compression For cantilever 25 bc & 100 bc2/d

continuous

flange of face.

Concrete Design

Ch 15.1 - 3 of 10
Comparison of Codes for IS: 456-2000, ACI Code (318-95), BS Code (8110-97)

Design Guide for Tall Buildings

Comparison of Codes for IS: 456-2000, ACI Code (318-95), BS Code (8110-97)

3. Effective width of Flange (Cl.23.1.2)

3. Effective width of T-flange should not be 3. Effective width of flanged beam ( Cl. 3.4.1.5)

For T-Beam, bf = l0/6 + bw +6df

greater than of the span of beam. (Cl. 8.10)

T-Beam- bw +l2/5

For L-Beam, bf = l0/12 +bw+ 3Df

Effective over hanging flange width on each

L-Beam - bw +l2/10

Comparison of Codes for IS: 456-2000, ACI Code (318-95), BS Code (8110-97)

No case greater than the breadth of web plus side should not be greater than
half the sum of the clear distances plus the

8 times the span of beam

sum of the clear distances to the adjacent

0.5 times the clear distance to next

beam on either side.

web.

Transverse R/f needed is 60% of the main Effective width of L-beam should not be
reinforcement at the mid span of slab.
greater than

0.5 times the span of beam

6 times of thickness of slab

4. Spacing of Reinforcement (Cl. 26.3.2)

0.5 times clear distance to next web

4. Spacing of Reinforcement (Cl. 7.6)

4. Spacing of Reinforcement (Cl.3.12.11.1)

horizontal- dia of bar or Size of Agg +5 mm

horizontal dia or 25mm

horizontal Size of agg + 5mm

vertical 15mm, 2/3 size of agg, dia of bar

vertical 25mm

vertical 2/3* (size of agg)

5. Side face Reinforcement (Cl. 26.5.1.3)

5. Side face reinforcement: d>1000mm Per 5. Side face reinforcement (Cl-3.12.11.2.6)

D >750mm

meter of height on each side face shall be Depth of beam > 750mm

As = 0.1 % of Web area and distribute greater than or equal to (d-750). (Cl. 10.6.7). Spacing of bar >250mm
equally on each face. Spacing should not be The
greater than bw of 300mm.

total

area

of

longitudinal

skin

reinforcement in both faces need not exceed

1/2 of the required flexural tensile R/F.

Concrete Design

Ch 15.1 - 4 of 10

Design Guide for Tall Buildings

B. Slabs

Comparison of Codes for IS: 456:2000, ACI Code (318- 95), BS Code (8110:97)

1. Minimum Reinforcement (Cl. 26.5.2.1)

1. Minimum Reinforcement (Cl. 7.12.2.1)

1. Minimum Reinforcement (Table 3.25)

0.15 % ( Total Gross area) Fe 250

a. Slab where grade 300 or 650 deformed

Slab (Solid ) (main R/F)

0.12% ( Total Gross area) Fe415

bar- 0.0020

100As/Ac =0.24- Fe 250

Maximum diameter 1/8 thickness of slab.

b. Slab where grade 420 deformed bar-

100As/Ac =0.13- Fe 460

0.0018

Distribution Steel: (Cl-3.12.11.2.9)

c. Slab where grade > 420 deformed bar-

0.25% -Fe 460

0.0018 x 420 /Fy

2. Spacing (Cl. 7.12.2.2)

0.30 % - Fe 250
2. Spacing (Cl-3.12.11.2.7)

2. Spacing (Cl- 26.3.3)

For main R/f the spacing should not be 3d or 500 mm

Should not be greater than 3d or 750mm (main

greater than 3d or 300mm

steel)

For distribution R/f the spacing should not be

greater than 5d or 450mm
3. For two way slab loading 3kN/m2 (Cl. 3. Two way construction - Grade 420 (Table
24.1)

9.5C)

Shorter span (up to 3.5m)

l/33

- exterior panel

Span /depth =35 for Simply supported

l/36

- interior panel

Span/depth = 40 for continuous

The above value is multiplied by 0.8 for
Fe 415.

Concrete Design

Ch 15.1 - 5 of 10

Comparison of Codes for IS: 456-2000, ACI Code (318-95), BS Code (8110-

Design Guide for Tall Buildings

C. Columns

Comparison of Codes for IS: 456-2000, ACI Code (318-95), BS Code (8110-97)

1. Short Column (Cl-25.1.2)

1. Non Sway frame: Braced

m
Klu
34 12 1 as per Cl-10.12.2
r
m2

lex /D or lex / b <12

1. Short Column (Cl- 3.8.1.3)

lex le y

<15 (braced)
h
b

<10 (un braced)

Sway Frame (Unbraced)

Kl y
r

A column is considered as braced if lateral

22

stabilizing is provided by wall or bracing design

to resist all lateral force, otherwise un braced.

2. Slender Column (Cl-39.7)

2. Magnified moment:

Additional moment
Max=
k

2
PuD ley
PuD lex

; May=
2000 b
2000 D

a. Non sway frames (braced) (Cl. 10.12.3)

2

P uz Pu
1
P uz Pb

Pu- Axial load on compression member

Pb- Axial load corresponding to maximum
strain of 0.0035 (concrete) and 0.002 (steel).
3. Slenderness Limit (Cl-25.3)
Unsupported length should not be greater
than 60 times the least lateral dimension.
Cantilever column = 100b2/D

Concrete Design

mc ns m2

ns

Cm
1.0
Pu
1
0.75 Pc

b. Sway frame (Unbraced) (Cl. 10.13.3)

m1 m1ns s m1s

(Cl. 3.8.1.6)
2. The deflection of a square or a circular
section under ultimate condition (Cl. 3.8.3.1)
Au=akh
K

N uz N
1
N uz N cal

N uz 0.45 fckAc 0.95 FyAsc

1 le

2000 b'

m 2 m 2 ns s m 2 s

3. Slenderness Limit (Cl- 10.11.5)

kl
100 do second order analysis
r

3. Slenderness Limit (Cl-3.8.1.7)

L0 should not be greater than 60 times least
dimension
Slenderness limit for unbraced column cantilever

Ch 15.1 - 6 of 10

Design Guide for Tall Buildings

Comparison of Codes for IS: 456-2000, ACI Code (318-95), BS Code (8110-97)

l0

100b 2
60b
h

4. Longitudinal Reinforcement (Cl- 26.5.3)

4. Limit for R/F of Compression members

4. Limit of R/F: Minimum R/f 0.4 %

(0.8% - 4% ) of gross area

(Cl-10.9.1 and 9.2)

Maximum R/f 6%

For square section minimum of 4 bars of 1% to 8% of gross area

For square section minimum of 4 bars of 12mm

12mm dia.

For square section minimum of 4 bars of dia.

For circular section minimum 6 bar

12mm dia.

For circular section minimum 6 bar of 12 mm

Spacing along periphery should not exceed For circular section minimum 6 bar

diameter.

300mm.
5. Transverse R/F should be less than or 5. Transverse R/F must be (Cl- 7.10.5.2)

5. Transverse R/F should be 12 times the size of

equal to (Cl-26.5.3.2 (c))

1. least lateral dimension

the smaller bar. (Cl- 3.12.7.1)

1. least lateral dimension

2. 16dia

Diameter= t or 6mm

2. 16 diameter

3. 48 t

3. 300mm
6. Shear strength of members under axial 6. Shear strength by concrete under axial

6. Shear and axial load- the design shear stress

compression (Cl- 40.2.2)

compression (Cl-11.3.1.2)

(Cl-3.4.5.12)

Nu
Vc 1

14
Ag

Vc ' Vc 0.6

Multiply

the

value

of

3Py

1.5
1

A
Fck
g

D. Shear
1. Nominal shear stress (Cl-40.1)

Concrete Design

by

Fc'
bw d
6

Nvh
Acm

N
Vc ' lim . Vc 1
AcVc

Comparison of Codes for IS: 456-2000, ACI Code (318-95), BS Code (8110-97)

1. Design of cross section subject to shear

1. Design shear stress V at any cross section

shall be based on (Cl. 11.1.1)

(Cl.3.4.5.2)
Ch 15.1 - 7 of 10

Design Guide for Tall Buildings

v

Vn Vu

Vu
bd

Vn Vc Vs

V
0.8 fcu or 5 MPa
bv d

beam of varying depth

v

Vu

Mu
tan
d
bd

Negative sign for cantilever beam.

2. c- Shear strength of concrete is based on 2. Shear strength provided by concretepercentage of steel and fck. (Cl. 40.2)

(Cl-11.3.1.1)
For member subjected to shear and flexure
Fc '
bw d
6

Vc

Nu

Vc 1
14 Ag

3. v c then provide minimum shear

Fck

25

quantity by

Fc '
bw d
6

(Table 3.8)

Vc' vc 0.6

Nvh
AcM

3. 0.5Vc V Vc 0.4

reinforcement

Asv

4. v> c then Design of Shear R/F (Cl. 40.4)

4. Design of shear reinforcement (Cl-

Vus v c bd
0.87 fyAsvd

Sv

11.5.6)

0.4bv sv
0.95 FyV

4. Vc 0.4 V

0.8 Fcu

(Table 3.7)

V Code
bvsv
Vc (318-95), BS Code (8110-97)
Comparison of Codes for IS: 456-2000,
ACI
Asv

Vs Vu Vcbd
Vs

0.5

shear and axial load (Cl-3.4.5.12)

for member subjected to axial compression

0.95 FyV

Avfyd
;
s

Vs Should not greater than

Concrete Design

2. c given in terms of Ast/bd and d, multiply

2
3

Fc'bwd

Ch 15.1 - 8 of 10

Design Guide for Tall Buildings

5. Minimum Shear Reinforcement (Cl. 5. Minimum Shear Reinforcement (Cl.

5. Minimum Shear Reinforcement (Cl. 3.4.5.2

26.5.1.6)

11.5.5)

& Table 3.7)

Vc
2
1 bw s
Av
3 Fy

0.5Vc<V< (Vc+0.04)

Asv
0 .4

bsv
0.87 Fy

6.

Maximum

Vu

spacing

of

shear

Asv

6. Spacing limit for shear reinforcement 6. Spacing of link should not be greater than

reinforcement is 0.75d or 300mm (Cl. (Cl.11.5.4)

26.5.1.5)

0.4bv S v
0.95 Fy

0.75d (Cl. 3.4.5.5)

Spacing should not be greater d/2

When Vs

1
3

fc 'bw d , Spacing should not

be greater than d/4.

E. Deflections

Comparison of Codes for IS: 456-2000, ACI Code (318-95), BS Code (8110-97)

1.Control of Deflection (beam & slab) (Cl. 1. Max permissible computed deflection

1. Span by effective depth ratio for a square

23.2)

and flanged beam (Cl. 3.4.6.3)

(Table 9.5b)

Span /250 due to temperature, creep and l/360- immediate deflection due to live loads

Limit- Span/250 (after construction of finishes

shrinkage

and partitions)

Span/350 or 20mm (after erection of l/480- Total deflection

Span / 500 or 20mm

partitions and application of finishes.)

2. Vertical Deflection (Cl. 23.2.1)

2. Vertical Deflection (Table 3.9)

Concrete Design

2. Minimum thickness (beam or one way

Ch 15.1 - 9 of 10

Design Guide for Tall Buildings

span /effective depth up to 10mm

slab) (Table 9.5a)

cantilever

cantilever

Members

simply supported

20

simply supported

20

a. Simply supported

l/16

continuous

26

continuous

26

b. One end continuous - 1/24

l/18.5

modification factor depends on area of tension

modification factor depends on area of c. Both end continuous - 1/28

l/21

and compression reinforcement and bw/bf

tension and compression reinforcement and d. Cantilever

l/8

One way slab

- l/20

- l/10

Beam

bw/bf
3. Short term deflection (Annex C)
I eff

Ir
m Z
x b
1.2 r 1 w
m d
d b

Concrete Design

3. Short term deflection (Cl. 9.5.2.3)

M cr
I c
Ma

M cr
I g 1

Ma

I cr

3. Short term deflection Satisfy above

condition means OK
modification factor depends on area of tension
and compression reinforcement and bw/bf

Ch 15.1 - 10 of 10