Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
OES
EM FISICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
EDITAL 2015-1
OBRIGATORIAS.
AS 6 QUESTOES
SAO
MAXIMA
Problema 2: Considere um recipiente isolado contendo uma parede interna que o separa em dois
volumes iguais, conforme a figura abaixo. No lado esquerdo, ha n moles de um gas ideal `a temperatura
T0 enquanto o lado direito encontra-se em vacuo. Adote como R a constante universal dos gases.
Vacuo
Figura 1: Recipiente isolado contendo uma parede divisoria que separa em uma metade um gas ideal e na outra
metade vacuo.
a) Suponha que a parede divisoria seja subitamente removida, de modo que o gas sofra uma expansao
livre. Determine o trabalho realizado pelo gas e sua variacao de entropia nesse processo.
1
Problema 3:
a) Mostre que o campo magnetico produzido por um fio retilneo (de espessura desprezvel) infinito
carregando uma corrente I e dado por
~ = 0 I
B
2s
onde s e a distancia perpendicular ao fio e e o vetor unitario ao longo da direcao azimutal em torno
do fio.
b) Considere 3 fios identicos ao do item a) paralelos entre si. A distancia entre dois fios consecutivos e d
e eles estao no mesmo plano. Cada fio carrega uma corrente I na direcao +
y (veja a Fig.2). Calcule
as localizacoes no eixo x dos dois zeros do campo magnetico.
c) Se o fio do meio e deslocado rigidamente de uma pequena distancia z (z d) fora do plano definido pelos fios, enquanto os outros dois sao mantidos fixos, descreva qualitativamente o movimento
subsequente do fio do meio.
Escreva a expressao para o vetor campo eletrico dessa mesma onda, quando a mesma for representada
como uma superposicao de uma onda circularmente polarizada a` esquerda e uma onda circularmente
polarizada `a direita.
b) Suponha que (n+ n )d = 0 /3. Mostre que, se a onda incidente for linearmente polarizada, ela
tera seu plano de polarizacao girado de = /3, no sentido horario, apos atravessar a lamina.
c) Suponha, agora, que a onda incidente do item b) tenha amplitude E0 e que seu plano de polarizacao
faca um angulo = /3 com a direcao x. Escreva as expressoes para o vetor campo eletrico da onda,
imediatamente antes da mesma incidir sobre a lamina e imediatamente apos a mesma atravessar a
lamina.
Problema 6: Seja um oscilador harmonico quantico unidimensional, cuja Hamiltoniana esta dada por
H=
P2
1
+ m 2 X2 .
2m 2
a = X + iP , a = X iP
2
2
com
=
X
m
=1 P.
X e P
~
m~
Problem 1: The international spatial station (ISS) is a habitable artificial satellite that hover the
planet at a distance between 330 and 430 km from Earths surface. (Data: consider = 3, Earths
radius R = 6 103 km and gravitational acceleration at Earths surface g = 10 m/s2 ).
a) Consider that the ISS goes in a stationary orbit (same angular velocity that of Earth), determine the
centripetal acceleration in units of km/h2 associated with the station orbit at an altitude of 400 km.
b) Calculate the gravitational acceleration (due to Earths gravitational field) of the spatial station in
an orbit at altitude of 360 km.
c) Assume that one of the ISS modules can operate as a spacecraft. Aiming to escape from Earths
field, the spacecraft eject itself in a radial trajectory. Determine the velocity, in meters per second,
the spacecraft has at an altitude of 1200 km to allow it to escape from the region of influence of
Earths gravitational field.
Problem 2: Consider an insulated chamber divided by an inner wall into two sides with identical
volumes, according to the figure below. In the left side, we confine n moles of an ideal gas at temperature
T . In the right side, we keep vacuum. Denote by R the gas universal constant.
Vacuum
Figure 1: Insulated chamber divided by an inner wall into two sides with identical volumes, containing an ideal
gas at left side and vacuum at right side.
a) Suppose the inner wall is suddenly removed, so that the gas undergoes a free expansion. Determine
the work performed by the gas and its entropy variation in this process.
1
b) Consider the Helmholtz free energy, defined by F = U T S, being U the internal energy, T the
temperature, and S the entropy. Determine the variation F of free energy in the free expansion of
the gas and show that the decrease of F is equivalent to the work that the system would perform in
an equivalent reversible expansion.
Problem 3:
a) Show that the magnetic field produced by an infinite straight wire (with negligible thickness) carrying
a current I is given by
~ = 0 I
B
2s
where s is the perpendicular distance to the wire and is the unitary vector at the azimuthal direction around the wire.
b) Consider three wires identical to that of item a), parallel to each other. The distance between two
consecutive wires is d and they are in the same plane. Each wire carries a current I in the same
direction (see Fig.2). Calculate the location in the x axis of the two zeros of the magnetic field.
c) If the middle wire is rigidly displaced by a small distance z (z d) outwards of the plane defined
by the wires, while the other two wires are held fixed, describe qualitatively the subsequent motion
of the middle wire.
b) Suppose that (n+ n )d = 0 /3. Show that the plane of polarization of a linearly polarized incident
wave is rotated by an angle = /3 in the clockwise direction after the propagation through the
whole plate.
c) Consider now that the incident wave described in b) has an electric field amplitude E0 and is linearly
polarized such that its polarization plane makes an angle of = /3 with respect to the x direction.
Determine the electric field of this wave immediately before and immediately after the propagation
through the plate.
Problem 6:
1
P2
+ m 2 X2 .
2m 2
a= X
+ iP
2
2
with
=
X
m
=1 P.
X and P
~
m~