Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
WLAN (CE-WLAN)
Diptanil DebBarma
Department of Electrical Engineering
Eindhoven University of Technology
Eindhoven, The Netherlands 5612
Email: d.debbarma@tue.nl
AbstractIn 802.11 standard, meager effort has been invested
towards devising energy efcient WLAN communication. Especially with the massive deployment of centralized enterprise
WLAN (CE-WLAN), in indoor networks, a lot of access points
(APs) are densely packed for increasing the capacity offered. But
most of the APs deployed are idle for a larger period of time
over a day. This paper proposes to use a centralized controlled
distributed antenna systems (DAS) employing Radio over Fiber
(RoF) technique for energy efcient management of such indoor
network. This paper proposes an antenna selection scheme which
provides overall coverage of the indoor network. We also discuss
different real life scenarios where RoF based CE-WLAN is very
efcient in reducing overall energy consumption of the network.
We also validate the usefulness of RoF CE-WLAN (using real
life WLAN traces) based on association based strategy and show
that it gain extensively for clustered network entity scenario.
I.
I NTRODUCTION
S YSTEM D ESCRIPTION
c 2015 IEEE
978-1-4799-8569-2/15/$31.00
Laser
RS-232
Monitor
Microcontroller
Unit
Power
Meter
TIA
PA
ATT
Photodiode
AP 2
Laser
AGC
Driver
Power
Meter
Photodiode
RS-232
Monitor
Microcontroller
Unit
Filter
ATT
PA
TIA
AP m
CAN
MUX
Filter
INTERNET
Driver
AP 1
MUX
AGC
Radio Network
Manager (RNM)
jM kS
(1)
III.
(2)
(3)
PCAN Ld X Pth
1
0
10
(4)
AP 1
AAPP 4
AP
AAP 3
AAPP 4
Group 2
CAN
AAPP 5
AAPP 6
RNM
RNM
(a)
(c)
(b)
10
70
60
Average no. of
changes = 3.541/hr
50
40
30
20
Average no. of
changes = 1.500/hr
10
0
0
Group 2
AAPP 6
AAP 2
AAPP 5
80
IV.
Group 1
SDN
AAP 3
Group 1
AP 1
AAP 2
SDN
Differenece
in using Tl=1
and Tl =3
6
5
4
3
2
1
(a)
10
15
Hours of a Day
20
0
0
10
15
Hours of a Day
20
(b)
No. of CAN=10
40
10
1.5
10
35
30
Probability of Outage
10
1.3
10
10
10
10
10
1.4
20
15
10
25
10
0
0.1
50
45
40
35
10
30
0.2
(a)
0.4
0.6
Active CAN rate
0.8
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
(b)
(c)
Fig. 3: (a) Data rate Vs. RSSI threshold of CANs for Jardoshs scheme and Modied Jardoshs scheme (b) Prob. of Outage Vs.
Active CAN rate for different schemes (c) Data rate Vs. Active CAN rate for different schemes
15
0
0
1
20
10
15
20
20
0
0
40
10
15
20
20
0
0
20
10
15
20
10
0
0
20
10
15
20
10
15
20
0
0
40
10
15
20
20
0
0
20
10
15
10
15
20
10
15
20
10
15
20
0
0
10
15
20
Hours of a Day
Hours of a Day
(a)
(b)
10
20
0
0
10
15
Hours of a Day
20
T =1
l
80
20
40
20
5
(c)
10
15
Hours of a Day
100
50
Tl=3
Tl =1
0
0
10
15
20
Hours of a Day
T =3
60
0
0
15
Hours of a Day
100
5
0
0
4
40
10
0
0
10
60
20
10
0
0
0
0
40
0.5
10
Difference in energy
saving (%)
10
0
0
20
80
10
10
20
20
15
10
5
0
0
10
15
20
Hours of a Day
(d)
Fig. 5: (a) Associated number of users to different APs in Academic Building on Monday (b) Associated number of users
to different APs in Residential Building on Saturday (c) Percentage of energy saving over a day for Academic Building (d)
Percentage of energy saving over a day for Residential Building
was nearly 83% whereas the minimum power saving was
approximately 20%. For the residential building (see Fig. 5(d))
the minimum power saving was even higher than the academic
building case (viz. 50%) as the number of users in the network
are lower than the academic building case and thus require
lesser number of APs and CANs. Tl has an impact on the
power saving percentage. As it can be seen from Fig. 5 (c), (d)
the impact of Tl is very minimal and only occurs very rarely
over a day. Higher Tl results in lower power saving (viz. 17%
for residential building). However the impact of Tl could be
enormous if the network is highly dynamic with higher number
of users entering or leaving the network.
TABLE I: Energy Saving (Academic Building: ABS)
Scenario
Collocated
Collocated
Clustered
Clustered
Strategy
ABS
ABS
ABS
ABS
Scheme
Traditional
RoF
Traditional
RoF
Traditional scheme
RoF scheme
40
Academic Building
80
0
0
10
15
Hours of a Day
20
40
20
0
0
100
10
15
Hours of a Day
20
Traditional Scheme
RoF Scheme
50
0
0
20
30
Average no. of
changes = 1.66/hr
25
20
15
10
10
15
Hours of a Day
20
(a)
0
0
60
50
40
Average no. of
changes =2.083/hr
30
20
Average no. of
changes =3.75/hr
70
Average no. of
changes = 0.375/hr
10
15
Hours of a Day
20
35
Residential Building
Academic Building
Academic Building
Residential Building
10
0
0
(b)
10
15
Hours of a Day
20
40
90
Associated no.
of Users (Group 2)
Associated no.
of Users (Group 1)
Academic Building
60
2
Traditional Scheme
RoF Scheme
0
0
10
15
Hours of a Day
20
RoF Scheme
Traditional Scheme
0
0
(c)
10
15
Hours of a Day
20
(d)
Fig. 7: (a) Percentage of energy saving for clustered scenario (ABS) over a day for Academic Buildings (b) Cumulative Number
of switch on/off of CAN/AP for clustered scenario (ABS) for Traditional approach (c) Cumulative Number of switch on/off of
CAN/AP for clustered scenario (ABS) for RoF approach (d) Number of switch on/off of AP for ABS
hours. But if we employ the RoF scheme we can indeed see
that the maximum energy saving is hiked up-to 83% and a
minimal energy saving of approximately 20% was recorded.
Thus showing that RoF scheme allows for full utilization of
the APs capacity by providing connectivity to multiple CANs
to appease the user demands, whereas, in traditional approach
more APs in different cluster groups are kept switched on even
though the user requirement is low. Now if we compare the
metric for number of switching changes (see Fig. 7 (b), (c))
needed we can see that for a traditional deployments where the
network entities are just APs the average number of changes
per hour was just 1.66 for academic building. In RoF scheme
the average number of switching changes that have to be
performed on the CANs and APs combined was found out
to be 3.75 per hour. Thus in terms of network changes the
RoF scheme yields larger network changes. Moreover we can
also notice that the number of changes for a cluster based
network scenario for RoF scheme is higher than the collocated
network scenario as the number of CANs that needed to be
switched on or off is more. From Fig. 7(d) we can observe
the number of switching changes (on/off)of APs needed every
hour (academic building case) for both RoF and traditional
scheme. This Fig. 7(d) provides valuable information about
the disruption that the users will face in the network due
to switching on or off of APs. We can see that while the
maximum number of changes for APs was 5 for traditional
scheme, the number of changes was found out to be 6 for
RoF scheme. Thus the disruption caused to the users due to
dis-association from an old AP and association to a new AP
will not be much different than the traditional scheme.
V.
[3]
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[5]
[6]
[7]
[8]
C ONCLUSIONS
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