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Process Technology
Carbon is Future.
SGL Group The Carbon Company.
Process Technology
The Business Unit Process Technology is a
premium technology provider for chemical and
related industry process systems, equipment and
after sales services. Our focus are high-tech
materials for demanding chemical applications.
With smart and sustainable solutions for an increasing number of industry we give proof of our
strong innovation culture.
Broad Base
SGL Group is one of the leading manufacturers of carbonbased products and has the broadest product and technology portfolio, a global sales network and state-of-the-art
production sites in Europe, North America and Asia.
Reliability.
Efficiency.
Sustainability.
Powered by our Broad Base of competencies, products and services, we offer Best Solutions to
our customers. For the Business Unit Process Technology, those solutions are characterized by reliability,
efficiency and sustainability.
Best Solutions
E
Reliability
Efficiency
Sustainability
In all industries that deal with resource- and energy- consuming processes sustainability
is of crucial importance. Based on innovative solutions, more than 60 % of our sales
contribute to the saving of resources and energy and to the reduction of greenhouse
gases.
Contents
Partnering with Our Customers
Sulfuric Acid
14
Exhaust Gas
16
Characteristics
18
19
10
22
Stripping Processes
12
23
3
Our materials
DIABON: its unique chemical and physical properties open up a wide spectrum of applications
added engineering.
ence in handling:
Hydrochloric acid
Sulfuric acid
Our commitment
and LICUFLON:
Heat exchangers
Quenchers
Columns
Vessels
Synthesis units
Burner systems
Stripping processes
Pumps
Guaranteed performance
Our service
We are continuously working on improving our
project and order processing strategies and methods, focusing our attention on deadlines, quality
and costs to ensure increased customer satisfacPre-assembled skid-mounted unit; ready for use after
being connected to process plant
Sulfuric acid
Project management
Engineering
Corrosion expertise
Processes
Equipment
Electrical instrumentation
Piping
Plant design
DIABON
LICUFLON
POLYFLURON
Electrical instrumentation
Piping
Steel structure
needs.
needs of our customers. Thermal and mechanical
details are developed by our engineers using the
most reliable and updated CAD and process simulation tools.
Advantageous Systems
Customer-oriented approach
Delivery
Equipment
Materials
Skid-mounted Systems
Services
Construction supervision
Commissioning supervision
Operator training
Maintenance training
Spare parts
Repairs
HCl gas is brought into contact with water. In welldesigned processes, the absorption assures clean
flue gases and high HCl concentrations in the product acid. The absorption is a highly exothermic
process which heats up gas and absorption liquid.
Therefore, the absorption is often performed in
combined equipment DIABON heat exchangers
and DIABON columns. Depending on the HCl concentration in the feed gas, the absorption is either
isothermal or adiabatic.
Isothermal absorption
Isothermal absorption is more economic for higherconcentration HCl gases. Therefore, a watercooled DIABON falling-film absorber is used for
the main absorption with simultaneous cooling of
the produced hydrochloric acid. The falling-film
heat exchanger can be operated in a co-current or
counter-current mode. In co-current absorption,
both liquid and gas are fed at the top of the heat
exchanger. The acid solution and the gas with unabsorbed HCl leave the absorber at the bottom outlet. This gas is scrubbed in a downstream absorption column. The weak acid leaving at the bottom
is used as absorption liquid for the falling-film absorber.
An appropriate design with trays or packing
ensures that the specified emission limits are met.
Adiabatic absorption
Adiabatic absorption is normally applied for lowconcentration HCl gases with constituents such as
Vent gas
FIC
Scrubber
Absorption water
HCl gas
Isothermal
absorber
(can be
combined with
a quencher)
Hydrochloric
acid
Tank
DIC
Pump
Cooling water
Condenser
Inert gases
FIC
Absorption
water
Absorption column
HCl gas
AIC
Cooler
LIC
Tank
Hydrochloric acid,
e.g. HCl 33%
Pump
Desorption
der pressure.
No risk of explosion
Vent gas
Condenser
Cooler
PIC
HCl gas
Absorption water
Absorption
column
Demister
FIC
TIC
Distillation
column
Untreated gas
containing HCl
Recuperator
LIC
Steam
FIC
Tank
LIC
Forcedcirculation evaporator
Cooler
Tank
Pump, concentrated HCl
LIC
Evaporation
trial effluents.
LICUFLON demister.
To minimize the consumption of steam and cooling
Concentration
H2SO4.
Comparison of Systems
CaCl2/MgCl2
H2SO4 extractive
extractive distillation distillation
Two-pressure
distillation
Heating
requirement*)
No specific
differences
No specific
differences
Slightly higher
demand
Cooling
requirement
Similar to
two-pressure
Slightly higher
demand
Similar to
CaCl2/MgCl2
Max. pressure
4 bar g
4 bar g
Highest pressure
Extractive agent
CaCl2/MgCl2
H2SO4
None
Process
Crystallization
a serious problem
H2SO4 corrosion
Extended control
& instrumentation
10
Absorption water
H2O to
vacuum pump
HCI
PIC
Steam-jet
vacuum pump
Distillation
column
Waste water
Demister
CaCl2 concentration
stage
FIC
TIC
TIC
Steam
LIC
Recuperator
Steam
FIC
LIC
Tank
Natural circulation
evaporator
Cooler
LIC
Tank
Concentrated CaCl2
CaCl2 + H2O
Steam
Steam-jet vacuum pump
H2O
Condenser
Vent gas
PIC
HCl gas
Distillation
column p<1bar
Waste water
Demister
FIC
TIC
Distillation
column p>1bar
TIC
Steam
Recuperator
LIC
Steam
FIC
Tank
LIC
Natural circulation
evaporator
Cooler
Tank
Concentrated HCl
LIC
Azeotropic HCl
11
Stripping Processes
Purification of Hydrochloric Acid
Hydrochloric acid or chlorine are used in the production of chlorinated organic chemicals like
methyl chloride. The hydrochloric acid by-product
used.
12
Purified acid
Vent gas
Condenser
Stripping column
TIC
Separator
Hydrochloric acid
LIC
FIC
Untreated
acid
Forced-circulation
evaporator
Organic substances
Pump
LIC
Recuperator
Tank
Pump
HCl stripping process with steam stripping column for purification of hydrochloric acid
13
Sulfuric Acid
Dilution and Concentration of H2SO4
out
Dilution water
Cooling
water
in
FIC
TIC
Acid mixer
Acid cooler
DIC
Dilute acid
Advantages
Chemical industry
(pigment, fertilizer, wholesale trade, etc.)
14
evaporation chamber.
Steam-jet
vacuum pump
Steam
ent pressure levels can be used. Two- and threestage Concentration Systems can achieve 45% to
65% lower steam consumption compared to a
single-stage design.
The optimum DIABON equipment maximizes
Evaporator
reduces waste.
Tank
TIC
PIC
Tank
H2SO4 feed
LIC
Concentrated
H2SO4
Condensate
15
Exhaust Gas
and Flue Gas
Exhaust gas treatment
exchangers.
Compared to
fluoropolymers
(massive solid, coating, lining)
fluoropolymers
(massive solid, coating, lining)
16
heat exchangers
requirements:
heat exchanger.
In the cooling of flue gases, condensation of sulfuric acid and hence severe corrosion can occur
at temperatures of approx. 160C, resulting in
the destruction of non-resistant materials in the
equipment.
17
Characteristics
of Our DIABON Flue Gas Heat Exchangers
The sealing between tube and tube sheet must withstand thermal stresses and also be resistant to high
temperatures and corrosion.
This requirement is fully met by the DIABON joining
technique. As the tubes and tube sheets are made
of the same material, variations in temperature
and temperature.
300C is possible.
18
FIC
FIC
Emergency
water
Absorption water
Absorption column
LIC
FIC
H2O
NaOH
reducing
agent
Alkaline absorption
LIC
AIC
Flue gas
containing HCI
FIC
Salt solution
Waste water
Hydrochloric
acid
Quencher
LIC
Gases from incineration units often contain considerable amounts of hydrogen chloride and elemental chlorine. To facilitate the treatment of these
exhaust gases in downstream Systems, they must
be reliably cooled to temperatures close to the
Na2SO3).
also be removed.
19
This increases the HCl recovery rate if the temperature of the HCl solution is too high after the
absorption stage.
In certain cases, high hydrochloric acid concentrations can only be attained by means of an
20
21
Quality Management
and After Sales Service
22
Depending on specifications
we are able to meet specific
requirements like the Pressure
Equipment Directive 97/23/EC
Annex III, Module H/H1, AD
2000 Merkblatt N2 as well as
ASME U Stamp, Section VIII,
Part UIG.
E
E
E
Process Technology
Our Products
System Solutions
E Syntheses
E Distillation and concentration
E Purification
E Dilution
E Absorption
E Desorption
E Thermal destruction and recycling
E Reactors and converters
E Heat storage
E ...
Equipment Solutions
E Graphite and SiC heat exchangers
shell & tube, block and plate type
E Columns and internals
E Vessels
E Quenchers
E Pumps
E Rupture discs
E PTFE piping and bellows
E PTFE hoses
E ...
23
Asia, Oceania
India
Americas
SGL CARBON Technic, LLC
21945 Drake Road
44149 Strongsville, Ohio/USA
Phone +1 440 572-3600
Fax
+1 440 572-9570
michaelcoscia.ptint@sglcarbon.com
The data contained herein represent the current state of our product knowledge and are intended to provide general information on our products
and their application spectra. In view of the variety and large number of application possibilities, these data should be regarded merely as general
information that gives no guarantee of any specific properties and/or suitability of those products for any particular application. Consequently,
when ordering a product, please contact us for specific information on the properties required for the application concerned. On request,
our technical service will supply a profile of characteristics for your specific application requirements without delay.
Process Technology
SGL CARBON GmbH
Shnleinstrae 8
65201 Wiesbaden/Germany
www.sgl-processtechnology.com
www.sglgroup.com