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TECHNIQUE
Introduction
Braiding began as a handicraft for the
construction of decorative fabrics but the
limitations of knitting and weaving made
braiding an important method of fabric
formation in textile composite, rope etc.
Geometry
Braid structures are specified
by the line and stitch
numbers.
The width L is called a line
The length S is called a stitch
or pick.
W is the width of yarn from
which the braid is made.
is the braid angle
Which specifies the angle by
which the yarns lay from
direction of machine axis?
Braid angle is determined
from the relation between the
take-up speed and carrier
speed.
Types
Two-dimensional braiding
Two-dimensional circular or flat braid is formed
by crossing a number of yarns diagonally so
that each yarn passes alternately over and
under one or more of the others. The most
common designs in two-dimensional braids
are as follows:
Diamond braids: 1/1 intersection repeat.
Regular braids: 2/2intersection repeat.
Hercules braids: 3/3intersection repeat.
Circular braiding-mechanism
Circular (tubular or round) braids are formed hollow
or around a centre core. A circular braiding machine
consists of two sets of an even number of spools
containing the braiding yarns. One set runs clockwise
around the centre of the machine and the other set
turn in counterclockwise direction. While revolving in
opposite directions, the carriers are diverted to pass
alternately inside and outside (under and over) one
another. The clockwise and counterclockwise paths
cause the two sets of yarns to intersect, thus
producing a tubular braid. The Maypole dance
principle is applied here.
Rotary braiding
The rotary braiding
machine is faster than
the maypole braider.
However, rotary
machines are less
versatile in terms of
making different shapes
and they have less
number of carriers.
In ROTARY principle, the strand sources (carriers) follow
circular paths centered about the axis of braid withdrawal,
one half traveling in a clock-wise and the other half in a
counter clock-wise direction. Braid is produced by positively
displacing strands from the outer carriers and over and under
the inner carriers.
Flat braiding
Flat braids are made in the form of flat strips
or tape. In flat braiding, instead of following
two continuous paths, the carriers turn
around or reverse direction at two points
called terminals and then continue on the
other direction, i.e., the track does not
complete a circle.
3-D braiding
3-D braiding is an interesting concept of
creating a two dimensional array of
interconnected 2-D circular braids.
Track plate
Horn-gear
Cartesian braiding
The basic Cartesian process involves four distinct
Cartesian motions of groups of yarns termed rows
and columns. For a given step, alternate rows (or
columns) are shifted a prescribed distance relative to
each other. The next step involves the alternate
shifting sequence of the first and second steps,
respectively. A complete set of four steps is called a
machine cycle. It should be noted that after one
machine cycle the rows and columns are returned to
their original positions.