Engr. Ezrha C.

Godilano, CIE

ecgodilano@mcl.edu.ph

 analyze and evaluate methods of

production and point out ways to
improve them.
They decide how a company should
allocate its limited tangible resources
(equipment and labor) within the
framework
of
existing
physical
constraints (physical plant).

 Includes designing, creating and selecting the

best manufacturing methods, processes, tools,
equipment, and skills to manufacture a product
based on the specifications that have been
developed by the product engineering section.
When best method interfaces with the best skills
available, an efficient worker-machine relationship
exists.
Once the complete method has been established, a
standard time for the product must be determined.

 Before establishing time standards, there is a

responsibility to see that:
Predetermined standards are met
Workers are adequately compensated for their
output, skills, responsibilities, and experience
Workers have a feeling of satisfaction from the
work that they do

 A technique for increasing the production per

unit of time or decreasing the cost per unit
output or in other words, Productivity
Improvement
It entails analyses at two different times during
the history of a product:
1.

Design and development on how the product will be

produced

2.

Restudy to fine better way to produce the product

and/or
improve
the
quality
(corporate
reengineering)

 Implies the utilization of technological capability

Improvements are never ending

Uses a systematic procedure to develop a work

center, produce a product, or provide a service

1. Select the project

Projects that are either new or existing
products that have a high cost of
manufacture and a low profit.
Products experiencing difficulty in
maintaining quality
Products having problems meeting
competition

2. Get and present the data

Assemble all important facts relating to the
product or service

Includes drawings and specifications, quantity

requirements, delivery requirements, and
projections of the anticipated life of the
product or service.
Once all information are has been acquired,
record it in an orderly form for study and
analysis

3. Analyze the Data

Utilize the primary approaches to operations

analysis to decide which alternative will result

in the best product or service

4. Develop the ideal method

Select the best procedure for each operation,
inspection, and transportation by considering
the various constraints associated with each
alternative,

including

the

productivity,

ergonomics, and health and safety implications.

5. Present and install the method

Explain the proposed method in detail to those

responsible for its operation and maintenance.

6. Develop a job analysis

Conduct a job analysis of the installed method
to ensure that the operators are adequately
selected, trained, and rewarded.
Job analysis process to identify and determine in
detail the particular job duties and requirements and

the relative importance of these duties for a given

job.

7. Establish time standards

Establish a fair and equitable standard for the
installed method

8. Follow up the method

Audit the installed method to determine if the
anticipated productivity and quality are being
realized.

 to increase productivity and product

reliability safely
to lower unit cost- this allows more
quality goods and services to be
produced for more people

1. Minimize the time required to perform

tasks

2. Continually improve the quality and

reliability of products and services
3. Conserve resources and minimize the
cost by specifying the most appropriate
direct and indirect materials for the
production of goods and services

4. Consider the cost and availability of power

5. Maximize the safety, health and well-being
of all employees
6. Produce with an increasing concern for
protecting the environment
7. Follow a humane program of management
that results in job interest and satisfaction
for each employee

 1750: For the first time, industrial engineering emerged

as a profession during the industrial revolution
1776:

Adam Smith wrote Wealth of Nations and

advocated the concept of division of labor, skill

development, specialization
1832: Charles Babbage systematically observed factory
operations in England and USA.

He wrote his

experiences in a book On the economy of Machinery

and Manufacturing. His observations, regarding skill,
match with operations and his conceptual foundations
on division of labor acted as the foundation blocks of
some later developments in industrial engineering.

 1880: Frederick W. Taylor almost changed the approach

towards industrial management.

His focus was on

improvement in work content, specialization and division

of labor. His contributions are treated as the real
beginning of industrial engineering by many authors.
1911: Frank Gilbreth focused on identification, analysis,
measurement and setting standard for the fundamental
motions, which were required to accomplish a job. His
contributions were helpful in designing a job, deciding the
time required to perform a job and improvement in ways
to perform a job. Dr. Lillian Gilbreth, who was the wife of
Frank, worked on human relation aspect of engineering.

 1913: Henry L. Gantt provided the concept of planning and

scheduling the activities on a graphical chart. This type of

chart is still widely used and is called as Gantt Chart. This is
very helpful in reviewing the progress and updating the
schedule of work.
1924: W.A. Shewhart developed the fundamental concept of
statistical quality control. During this period, fundamental
approaches on inventory control, incentive plans, material
handling,

conceptions

of

organization,

theory

and

management, plant layout, etc, evolved.

1940s: conceptual foundation for value engineering, system
analysis and operations research emerged.

Form groups of 3 members. Think of a

service/product set-up where you can apply
improvements.
Determine the problems/opportunities to
improve and list the different ways you can
change or introduce improvement on the
system. (Bullet form). Prepare to present it

on class.

 Niebels Methods, Standards, and

Work Design
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