1 RAW MILK RECEPTION

In almost all developed dairying countries, production of milk is confined to rural

areas, while demand is mostly in urban areas. Hence milk has to be collected and transported
from production points in milk shed areas to processing and distribution points in cities.
Reception of raw milk in tankers and cans from the societies is an important operation.

A ORGANOLEPTIC TESTS:

1. SMELL:
This test is performed to indicate the Organoleptic quality of milk. In this test the lid
of can is removed, inverted and raised near to the noise for detecting its state of acceptability.
This test is usually carried out by an experienced /trained person. According to this test milk
should be free from any sort of off-flavors.
2 .APPERANCE AND SENDIMENTATION TEST:
In both test the quality of milk is determined and it states the acceptability of milk
for processing .
3. LACTOMETER TEST:
By this test the adulteration in milk is detected with the help of lactometer with this
mostly water adulteration of milk is detected.

B. PROCESS LAYOUT:
Unloading of cans and placing them on conveyors

Lids removed manually using wooden hammer

Quality Evaluation (Organoleptic Tests)

Milk filtration through cotton cloth

Weighing of milk

Raw milk send to

Sampling of milk is done

Cold storage Silo tank (at 6C).

In Sampling, Acidity standards are checked along with fat % of the raw milk also.
Here in this section almost all tests are to be performed on raw milk after receiving .After
testing the milk is send to the various section for further processing. Tests are performed here
so that milk may be processed smoothly and end product obtained should have maximum
shelf life.

C. Standards: SNF (Solid not fat) and adulterants

1. Acidity of milk should not be more than 0.14%in terms of lactic Acid.
2. If Acidity is above 0.15% Milk is treated as sour milk.
3. If acidity is above 0.25% milk is considered as curd.

2. MILK PROCESSING:

Milk processing means rendering of raw milk so as that it should become free from all
pathogens and fat along with SNF is also to be adjusted. Milk is treated in this section before
sending to any other section for further processing.
Thus during milk processing following steps are to be followed:

A. Chilling:
Firstly all incoming milk is chilled and then it is diverted to milk storage tanks. Milk
is chilled below 4 C. The raw chilled milk is utilized for the various products processing
operations. The chilled milk is stored in tank called as Silo. The chiller is plate heat
exchanger type.

B. Pasteurizing:
Milk is heated at 63 C for 30 minutes or 75-80 C for 15 sec and then cooled
immediately below 14 C.
The pasteurizer has following sections.
a. Chilled water section
b. Regeneration section 1
c. Regeneration section 2
d. Hot air section
c. Holding section
The pasteurizer is plate heat exchanger type consisting of many conducting plates
arranged in parallel to form a network of many plates lying side by side. Alternate plates are
adjusted to give proper contact time to milk for proper pasteurization. The high temperature
short time method (HTST) is being used here.

C. Process Layout:
Chilled raw milk storage tank

Balance Tank

Standardization

Regeneration 1 (50-55 C) Heat exchanged between

Incoming raw milk & outgoing pasteurized milk

Filtration

Regeneration section 2 (60-65C)

Heating section (75-80 C)

Holding (at 75 C for 15-16sec)

Regeneration section 1 & 2

Chilling

Storage tank (below 5 C)

If milk contains high fat content then after regeneration 1, it passes to cream separator. The
cream is sent to cream pasteurizer and skim milk is diverted to pasteurizer.

Fat % in cream- 35-40%

Fat% in skim milk- 0.05-1%
Separator efficiency- 65-70%

D. Prepack section:
To protect milk from contamination retard or prevent losses and to facilitate handling,
the milk product have to properly packed. In plant liquid is packed in pouches made up of
LDPE (0.92gm/cl). It can be sealed at 150 C. The packaging of milk is done by automatic
form, fill and seal machines called PREPACK MACHINES. Capacity of machine is 3000
pouches per hour.