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Guide 143
Version 2.2
Using MathType
MathType is a mathematical equation editor for personal computers running
Microsoft Windows or the Apple Macintosh OS. It can generate mathematical
notation for word processing, presentations, desktop publishing, web pages,
TEX, LATEX and MathML.
This guide describes how to use MathType 5 to create equations in a Word
2003 document.
60p
Document code:
Title:
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Date:
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Guide 143
Using MathType
2.2
June 2006
University of Durham Information Technology Service
Copyright 2006 University of Durham Information Technology Service

Conventions:
In this document, the following conventions are used:
A typewriter font is used for what you see on the screen.

A bold typewriter font is used to represent the actual characters you type at
the keyboard.
A slanted typewriter font is used for items such as filenames which you should
replace with particular instances.
A bold font is used to indicate named keys on the keyboard, for example,
Esc and Enter, represent the keys marked Esc and Enter, respectively.
A bold font is also used where a technical term or command name is used in
the text.
Where two keys are separated by a forward slash (as in Ctrl/B, for example),
press and hold down the first key (Ctrl), tap the second (B), and then release
the first key.
Contents
1
Introduction ........................................................................................................ 1
Notation .............................................................................................................. 1
Using MathType with Word............................................................................... 2

3.1 MathType window .......................................................................................... 3
3.2 Creating an equation...................................................................................... 5
Fractions and superscripts............................................................................... 6
Moving the insertion point ................................................................................ 7
Selecting parts of an equation.......................................................................... 8
Keyboard shortcuts ........................................................................................... 8

7.1 Greek characters ........................................................................................... 8
7.2 Re-sizing items .............................................................................................. 9
7.3 Help................................................................................................................ 9
Numbered equations ......................................................................................... 9

8.1 Controlling the numbering............................................................................ 11
8.2 Advanced numbering ................................................................................... 11
Exercises .......................................................................................................... 12
10 Inserting symbols ............................................................................................ 14

10.1 Exercises ..................................................................................................... 15
11 Styles ................................................................................................................ 15
11.1 Variable........................................................................................................ 15
11.2 Text .............................................................................................................. 15
11.3 Vector-Matrix................................................................................................ 16
11.4 Exercises ..................................................................................................... 17
12 Spacing ............................................................................................................. 17
12.1 Horizontal..................................................................................................... 17
12.2 Vertical ......................................................................................................... 18
12.3 Nudging........................................................................................................ 19
13 Alignment ......................................................................................................... 19
13.1 Fences ......................................................................................................... 19
13.2 Equations ..................................................................................................... 20
13.3 Using Tabs................................................................................................... 21
14 Matrices ............................................................................................................ 22
14.1 Creating a matrix.......................................................................................... 22
14.2 Aligning the matrix with the rest of the equation .......................................... 23
14.3 Aligning the entries in each column/row ...................................................... 23
14.4 Introducing extra spacing............................................................................. 24
15 Creating web pages MathPage .................................................................. 25
16 Miscellaneous .................................................................................................. 26
16.1 MathType Server ......................................................................................... 26
16.2 Customisable toolbars ................................................................................. 26
16.3 Line spacing and consistency of style in Word ............................................ 27
16.4 Equation Conversion Manager .................................................................... 27
16.5 Collaboration................................................................................................ 27
Guide 143: Using MathType
16.6 Using MathType with other software ........................................................... 28

16.7 Printing a Word document ........................................................................... 28
16.8 LATEX............................................................................................................ 28
ii
Introduction
MathType is a mathematical equation editor. It can generate mathematical
notation for word processing, presentations, desktop publishing, web
pages, TEX, LATEX and MathML.
It is very easy to use and has many more symbols and templates than the
Equation Editor that is included as part of Microsoft Word. MathType
automatically re-sizes square root signs and parentheses to fit their
contents, inserts suitably-sized spaces around operators and relational
symbols, and displays standard abbreviations in an appropriate style.
Once installed, it in effect replaces the Equation Editor as the application
used for editing equations. The Equation Editor is not deleted though and
can still be used if required (see section 16.4).
MathType has been installed on the ITS Networked PC service.
If you want to install and run MathType on your own computer, it must
have:
PC
Microsoft Windows 95, 98, ME, NT 4.0, 2000, or later
Hard disk drive with at least 10Mb free space

Macintosh
System 7.1 or later
About 3Mb of space on a hard disk (more may be required during

installation)
About 512K of memory when running (can be adjusted)

The current Macintosh version is 3.7. Its facilities are slightly different from
those described in this document.
We have a site licence for MathType so copies can be sold to members of
the University at reduced rates - contact the ITS Helpdesk (phone 41515;
email helpdesk@durham.ac.uk).
Design Science, who produce MathType, have published a very good User
Manual. This may be consulted at the Helpdesk and individual copies can
be ordered.
Notation
In ITS documents, Ctrl/B is used to indicate that the Ctrl key should be
pressed and held down while a second key, B in this example, is tapped. In
MathType, the notation for the same action is Ctrl+B. You will see this
other notation on-screen and in the MathType manual.
The notation Ctrl/K,2 is used to indicate that the Ctrl key should be held
down while K is pressed, then both keys should be released before
pressing 2.
Throughout this document, the word equation is used to refer to any
combination of mathematical symbols.
Using MathType with Word

In this guide, the basics of MathType will be described by inserting
equations into a Word document.
Activate Word and open a new document.
If MathType has been installed, you will see an extra menu item MathType
towards the right-hand end of the Word menu bar, probably next to
Window. This offers the following items:
1
A toolbar is also available.
If this is not showing,

From the View menu, select Toolbars and then MathType.
To put some text in your document,
2
Type
I shall start by creating an inline equation
Type a space after the word equation.
Either
Click the Insert Inline Equation button on the MathType toolbar
or
Select Insert Inline Equation from the MathType menu.

A MathType window will appear. On the ITS Networked PC service, if a
MathType Warning window appears, click OK.
3.1
MathType window
Precisely how the MathType window looks will depend on which settings
are in place. To see all parts of its toolbar,
In MathTypes View menu, make sure that there are ticks beside
Show All, Symbol Palettes, Template Palettes, Small Bar, Large
Tabbed Bar, Small Tabbed Bar, Toolbar, and Ruler.
In the picture below, the Algebra tab is selected. You may have a different
one displayed.
1
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
Working from the top to the bottom of the MathType window:
The title bar (1) shows which document you are editing (in this case
Experimenting with MathType.doc).
Below the title bar is the menu bar (2).
Symbol palettes (3) - if you press or click on one of these buttons, a
palette opens giving you a choice of symbols.
Just select a symbol and it will be put in your equation immediately to the
right of the insertion point.
Template palettes (4) - if you press or click on one of these buttons, a

palette opens giving you a choice of templates.
These are structures into which you can enter your own values. If you
select a template, it will be put in your equation at the position of the
insertion point, or, if something was already selected in your equation, the
template will be wrapped around it.
Small bar (5) - an area where you can store frequently-used items.
Large (6) and Small (7) Tabbed bars - this area enables you to organise
your frequently used symbols, templates, and parts of (or whole) equations
under different headings (tabs). Some useful items are already supplied.
The two palettes and three bars described above form the MathType
Toolbar which has a blue handle running vertically at its left edge. This
toolbar can be
docked as shown in the picture above
floating above the equation window - to toggle between docked and

floating, double-click on its handle, any clear part of the toolbar, or its
title bar (if floating)
docked at the bottom of the MathType window - click and drag the
handle to wherever you want the toolbar to go
hidden - clear the tick beside Toolbar in the MathType View menu
(tick again to restore it)
The size of the Toolbar Buttons may not be to your liking. This can easily
be changed:
1
From the MathType Preferences menu, select Workspace

Preferences.
In the Workspace Preferences window, change the Toolbar size:

setting from Small to Medium.
Click OK.
Look at the effect.
Repeat steps 1 to 4 choosing the Large setting.
Change the setting to your preferred size.

If you select a toolbar size that is larger than Small, the pictures in the
palette of Fractional and radical templates will be shaded slightly
differently.
6
Ruler (8) - this enables you to know how large your equation is. You can
set tab stops, which are very useful when aligning different parts of your
equations.
Working area (9) - this white pane is where you build your equation(s).
Status bar (10) - the four areas of the status bar tell you what the current
settings are for Style, Size, Zoom, and Color. These can be changed
using menu commands, or, you can right-click on one and select a different
setting from the pop-up menu that appears.
It is also worth noting that when you point to an item on the toolbar or
menu, the status bar shows a message describing that item. Sometimes
you will see a message there telling you what MathType has just done or
what it is waiting for you to do.
In the working area, there is just a green dotted outline of a rectangular slot
(empty at the moment) and an L-shaped flashing marker indicating where
the next inserted text or templates will be placed.
When entering text into such a slot,
avoid using the Space key, because it usually has no effect
press the Backspace key to erase the character or symbol to the left
of the insertion point
press the Enter key to start a new line below the first one
select Undo Typing from the Edit menu to delete everything typed
since the last non-typing action
3.2
Creating an equation
An equation can be created as follows:
1
Type, without any spaces,

y=sinx+c
From the File menu, select Close and Return to Document1 (or
press Ctrl/F4).
A dialog box will probably appear.
You might get tired of seeing this dialog box, so,

4
Click in the Dont show this dialog from now on box.
Click Yes.
(If, at a later stage, you decide that you would prefer to have this box
appear, select Object Editing Preferences from MathType's Preferences
menu, clear the tick beside Don't show 'Save Changes' dialog for
separate window and click OK.)
5
The MathType window will close and the equation y = sin x + c will be
inserted in your document.
If you see a grey area around your equation, dont worry. The shading will
not appear in the printed version of your document. To control the
appearance on screen of field shading, select Tools | Options | View and,
in the Field shading: box, choose Never, Always, or When selected.
MathType understands the rules of mathematical typesetting. It will, for
example:
take care of spacing around operators and relational symbols
display standard abbreviations (such as sin) in an appropriate style
automatically re-size square root signs and parentheses to fit their

contents
Look to see how MathType has taken care of these things in your equation.
If, at step 2 above, you wish to enter the equation in your document, but
leave the MathType window open, select Update Document1 from the
File menu (or press Ctrl/S).
To remove an equation from your document, select the equation and then
press Delete.
To edit an existing equation, simply double-click on it.
The best way to explore MathType is to try lots of examples.
Fractions and superscripts

The equation below includes a fraction and a superscript.
s = ut + 12 ft 2
1
Either
Click on the Insert Display Equation button on Words MathType
toolbar (second from the left)
or
Select Insert Display Equation from Words MathType menu.
In the MathType window, type

s=ut+
Click on the second button from the left in the template palettes. The
Status bar message will be Fraction and radical templates. (This
was shown as an example of a template palette in section 2.)
There are five rows of available fractions.
3
Those with a dotted outline create full-size fractions (too large for this
example) whereas those with solid rectangles produce reduced-size
fractions, which save space when the numerator and denominator are just
simple numbers.
4
Click on the second fraction in the first row.
5 Type 1 in the first slot.

You now need to move the insertion point down to the denominator slot.
6
Press the Tab key (or click in the slot).
Type 2 in that slot.

The insertion marker is just around the 2 which means that anything you
typed next would appear in that denominator.
7
To move the marker, press Tab (or click to the right of the equation).
The insertion marker should now be around all of the s = ut + 12

9
Type
ft
Next, you need a superscript.

10
Click on the Subscript and superscript templates button, third

from the left on the Template palettes bar.
11
Click on the first template in the first row.
12
Type
2
The equation is now finished.

13
Press Ctrl/F4 to put the equation in your document and return to

Word.
Shortcuts
There are two quicker ways to produce a superscript slot:
press Ctrl/H (think of H as Higher)

on the Small bar, click on the Superscript button
Similarly, for a subscript slot:
press Ctrl/L (think of L as Lower)

on the Small bar, click on the Subscript button
If both a subscript and a superscript are needed:
press Ctrl/J
on the Small bar, click on the Superscript and subscript button
Exercise
Insert the following equation in your document.
v 2 u 2 = 2 gs
Hint: dont forget the shortcut for a superscript.
Moving the insertion point

The insertion point can be positioned anywhere by clicking (as in a word
processor). It can be moved in various ways, summarised below.
Tab - will move it to the end of the next slot in the equation.
Insert - will also move it to the end of the next slot in the equation.
Repeatedly pressing Tab or Insert will cycle the insertion point through all
the slots in an equation.
Repeatedly pressing Shift/Tab will cycle in the reverse direction.
Left or Right arrow - moves insertion point one character to the left/right.
(If a template is encountered, the insertion point moves into its first slot; if
already at the end of a template, the insertion point moves out of the
template.)
Ctrl+Shift with arrow key - insertion point moves over templates (not into
the first slot).
Up or Down arrow - insertion point moves up/down between lines or
template slots
Home - insertion point moves to the beginning of the current slot.
End - insertion point moves to end of slot.
The MathType window can be scrolled up/down using the
PageUp/PageDown keys; the insertion point does not change.
Selecting parts of an equation

It is likely that you will occasionally need to select part of your equation in
order to carry out some operation, for example, to delete it or to change its
size/position.
To select
Method
Part of equation
Click and drag (area will be highlighted)

or
Click, hold down Shift, press Right/Left Arrow
All of a slot
Double-click anywhere inside it

or
Press Ctrl/Shift/S
Part of a template or
Embellishment (for
example, ^)
Hold down the Ctrl key (pointer changes to a

vertical arrow); click on the item, and then
release the Ctrl key
The Delete key deletes to the right; Backspace deletes to the left.
Keyboard shortcuts
A few of the common shortcuts are mentioned in this guide but there are
many more.
When the mouse pointer is over a particular symbol or template on the
MathType toolbar, its keyboard shortcut is displayed on the Status bar.
7.1
Greek characters
Click on the Greek characters (lowercase) palette and point to .
The message
1
Greek small letter beta from L.C. Greek style (Ctrl+G, B)
should appear on the Status bar.

This means that to type a Greek letter in your equation you can simply:
press the Ctrl key at the same time as a G (think of G as Greek)
release those keys
press the English letter corresponding to the Greek one you require
(for example, a D would give a ).
7.2
7.3
Re-sizing items
If you would like to change the size of something, first select it and then
press, as many times as you like,
Ctrl/Shift/<
to make it smaller
Ctrl/Shift/>
to make it larger
Help
If you are particularly interested in keyboard shortcuts, have a look at
MathTypes Help:
1
Within a MathType window, from the Help menu, select Contents

and Index (or press F1).
Click on the Index tab and type shortcuts in the first pane.
Select Shortcuts: Toolbar Commands and click Display.
Scroll down through the information.
Close the Help window.
Numbered equations
The next example to be worked through is the numbered equation
x2
I = 4
x +
x2
e dx
(1.1)
When Word numbers an equation using a caption, the number is placed

either above or below the equation. It is more usual to have the equation
number at the side of the equation and this can be achieved using
MathType.
Click on the Insert Right-Numbered Display Equation button on
Words MathType toolbar (fourth from the left) or select Insert
Right-Numbered Display Equation from Words MathType menu.
An Insert Equation Number dialog box will appear.
1
Click on OK (to create a break with chapter and section numbers

both set to 1).
When the MathType window appears, type

I=
Click on the Integral templates palette, the 5th Template palette

from the left.
We need an integral sign that will expand to fit whatever form the integrand
takes. This can be achieved by holding down the Shift key as the template
is selected. The limits of the integral are to appear beside the integral sign the 3rd template on the 1st row.
4
Hold down the Shift key and click on the

Next, we need the parentheses ().
template.
Click on the Parentheses, or round brackets template, 10th button

from the left on the Small bar.
Inside the parentheses, both a numerator and a denominator are needed,
so
6
Click on the Full-size fraction template (13th button from the left on
the Small bar).
Type
x2-
10
Click on the symbol on the Greek characters (lowercase) palette

- 9th from the left on the Symbol palettes (or press Ctrl/G, then A).
Move down to the denominator slot and type
x4+
11
Press Tab twice to move to the right of the closing bracket.
12
Type (superscript needed twice)
e-x
13
Press Tab twice to get the insertion point to the right of the whole
expression.
14
Type
dx
10
15
Press Tab to get to the lower limit of the integral sign.
16
Type a minus sign and then click on on the Small bar.
17
18
8.1
Press Tab again to get to the upper limit slot and click on on the
Small bar.
Check that your equation is now complete, and press Ctrl/F4 to put
it in your document.
Controlling the numbering

You can insert just an equation number (perhaps for an existing equation)
by selecting Insert Equation Number from Words MathType menu (or by
clicking the corresponding button on Words MathType toolbar).
In your document, a cross-reference to an equation number can be inserted
by selecting Insert Equation Reference from Words MathType menu (or
by clicking the corresponding button on Words MathType toolbar).
When a new equation number is inserted, the existing numbers and
references update automatically, but if an equation number is deleted it is
necessary to use the Update Equation Numbers command (or button) to
update the numbers.
1
Insert another right-numbered equation in your document.

n
X
i =1
= 25
(1.2)
Hint: Use the first button on the Statistics Large Tabbed bar.
The number of the equation just created is (1.2) which consists of:
section number - 1 (this is determined by the number of the closest
preceding Equation Section Break in the document)
separator - a dot
equation number - 2
all surrounded by an enclosure - round brackets

The section number can be changed, by adding an extra Equation Section
Break or by modifying the present Equation Section Break.
From the MathType menu, select Modify Chapter/Section Break.
In the Modify Chapter/Section Break dialog box, make sure that

Section number is selected and type 7 in the adjacent box.
Click OK.
The number of your latest equation should now be (7.2).
3
8.2
Advanced numbering
In some documents, you may prefer to use three levels of numbering
(chapter, section and equation numbers) as in (1.2.3). MathType also
offers some built-in number formats, for example <1.2.3>, and the option to
create your own custom number format.
Try changing the number of your latest equation, (7.2), to the format
<1.7.2> as described below.
11
From the MathType menu, select Format Equation Numbers.
In the Format Equation Numbers dialog box, tick the Chapter

Number checkbox.
Click on the down-arrow beside the Enclosure: box and select <>.
Tick the Whole document box (to change the existing numbers).
Note the options for Section Number, Equation Number and

Separator.
Click OK.
The number of your equation should now be <1.7.2>.
6
If you want to customise the format, perhaps to Chap 1, Sec 7, Eqn 2 or

Equation 1.G.ii, use the Advanced Format option. All characters you type
are used literally except for the #Cx, #Sx and #Ex constructions, where x
indicates the numeric representation and can be 1, a, A, i or I.
Exercises
To get some experience of using MathType, you may like to try to
reproduce some of these equations and sentences:
12
Exercise 1
N
SN = a j
j =1
Exercise 2
The curve defined by the equation
(x
+ y 2 ) ( y 2 + x ( x + b ) ) = 4axy 2
was known to Kepler in 1609 and generates a simple-, double- or tri-folium,

when b 4a , b = 0 or 0 < b < 4a , respectively.
Hint: use inline equations for the last part of that sentence so that the
spacing, and the style of the letters a and b are correct.
Exercise 3
1
1 3 (2n 1)
n
<1
2
2 4 2n
Exercise 4
1/ 2
n
2
x = xj
j =1
Exercise 5
n
n!
i=
i !( n i ) !
Hint: Inside the brackets, either type n, press the Enter key and type i, or,
select the 2 row, 1 column matrix template from the Matrix templates
palette.
Exercise 6
In MathType, the widehat symbol fits its arguments and it is easy to create
u+v+w.
Note: On-screen the widehat symbol looks as though it is made up of five
lines but it prints correctly.
Exercise 7
Let tn := tn +1 tn denote the step size. Then the local error is O tn
).
Exercise 8
(E)
(E )
54
exp a E
13
10 Inserting symbols
Suppose you want to insert a particular symbol, B , for example, in the
MathType window but you cant find it on the toolbar.
1
Insert an inline equation in your Word document.
In the MathType window, from the Edit menu, select Insert Symbol.
The Insert Symbol dialog box will appear. Precisely what it shows will
depend on what you have been doing previously.
2
The View by: setting will probably be Font. In our example, we want a B
from the Blackboard font, but scrolling through the listed fonts will not offer
Blackboard.
However, there is a very useful Search facility.

3
Change the View by: setting to Description.
Click on the New search button.
In the Search by Words in Character Descriptions dialog box,

type
blackboard
14
Click OK.
Experiment by changing the setting in the Show one of each box.
From the displayed symbols, select the B and click Insert.
Click Close.
10.1
Exercises
Exercise 1
Find the rightwards triple arrow
Exercise 2
Find the less-than or approximately equal to symbol
Exercise 3
Find the squared plus symbol (
When searching, you can enter a key word rather than a full description. In
the first exercise, for example, just asking for arrow would be sufficient.
11 Styles
MathType has eleven styles called Math, Text, Function, Variable, LowerCase Greek, Upper-Case Greek, Symbol, Vector-Matrix, Number, User 1
and User 2.
11.1
Variable
The Variable style is the one used for any alphabetic characters that are
not part of function abbreviations, in other words, that are ordinary variables
or constants in your equations. This style is usually the italic version of your
primary font.
11.2
Text
So far in your equations you have been using Math style which disables the
spacebar. You may occasionally wish to type a few words in the middle of
an equation and for this you need the Text style in which the spacebar
works.
As an example, create
0 inside boundary
U =
outside boundary
1
Insert a displayed equation.
Type
U=
From the Fence templates palette, select the Left brace (Ctrl+T,{)
which is the first item on the 6th row.
Type a zero.
Select Style | Text.
Type three spaces followed by the words

inside boundary
Press Enter.
15
Select from the Small bar.
Type two space followed by the words

outside boundary
Press Ctrl/F4 to put the equation in your document.

If you feel that the infinity symbol on the small bar is too small, make a
larger one using Ctrl/Shift/> and store it on the small tabbed bar for future
use.
10
Exercise
Enter the following into your Word document:
The Kronecker delta is defined by
1 when i = j
0 when i j
ij =
Hint: Move into Text style for spaces and the word when but back to Math
style for the rest of the line.
11.3
Vector-Matrix
This style is used for characters representing vectors and matrices. It is
usually in the same font as the Variable style but made bold instead of
italic.
The following equation will be used as an example:
v = v + r
1
Select Style | Vector-Matrix.
Type
v
From the Embellishments palette, select Prime (Ctrl+Alt+#), the

second item on the first row.
Type
=v+
Select from the Greek characters (lowercase) palette.
Select from the Logical symbols palette.
Type
r
You will probably have noticed that the is not in Vector-Matrix style.
Some people prefer to just type an equation without worrying about vectors
and change the styles of any characters that are vectors later.
9
10
16
Select the and press Ctrl/Shift/B (or select Style|Vector-Matrix)

Enter the equation in your document.
When using styles, keep an eye on the Status bar to see what style you are
in. Just clicking somewhere in your equation can cause the style to flip to
something else.
11.4
Exercises
Put the following equations into your Word document:
Exercise 1
J = J 0 + v ( , )
Exercise 2
The unit vector J is normalised according to
J =
r
r +s
2
J 1 +
s
r +s
2
J 2
12 Spacing
12.1
Horizontal
So far in this guide we have accepted whatever spacing MathType decided
was best. Sometimes, however, you may wish to take control.
Several sizes of spacing are available on the Spaces and ellipses palette.
Icon
Keystroke
Alternative
keystroke
Description
Size
Default spacing
||
Shift/Space
Ctrl/K,0
Zero space
Ctrl/Alt/Space
Ctrl/K,1
One point space
||
Ctrl/Space
Ctrl/K,2
Thin space
(sixth of an em)
||
Ctrl/Shift/Space
Ctrl/K,3
Thick space
(third of an em)
||
None
Ctrl/K,4
Em space
(quad)
| |
An em is the width of the letter M in your current font.

1
Without using spaces, create the equation
f ( x, y )dxdy
by selecting the Double integral with no limits from the Integral
templates.
17
This would look better with a thin space before the dx and another one in
front of the dy .
For comparison purposes, it will be useful to create the same equation but
with those spaces inserted.
The quickest way to create the second version is to modify a copy of the
original.
2
Single-click on the equation to select it.
From Words Edit menu, select Copy (or click the Copy button).
In the MathType window, select Paste from the Edit menu.
In order to see any spaces that you insert in the equation (but not
those put in automatically by MathType), make sure that in
MathTypes View menu there is a tick beside Show All.
Now insert the two extra spaces.
6
Click in front of the dx and insert a thin space.

The shortcut for this is Ctrl/Space. On the ITS Networked PC service, this
activates the UnionWay toolbar (press again to get rid of it) so it is
necessary to select from the palette or press Ctrl/K,2 (the alternative
keystroke).
7
A red marker should appear, representing your space.

8
Insert a thin space in front of the dy
f ( x, y) dx dy
9
12.2
Put the equation in your document and compare the two versions.
Vertical
More than one equation can be created in a MathType window - simply
press Enter at the end of the first line to get a new line for the next
equation. This is called a pile.
1
Create the following displayed equations in a MathType window,
y+ = a sin x + b tan x
y = a sin x b tan x
but dont put them in your document at this stage.
The vertical spacing between these two equations can be changed.
1
Either
Place the insertion point somewhere in the outermost slot of the
second equation (not within a template)
or
Select the second equation.
18
From MathTypes Format menu, select Line Spacing.
Reduce the value in the Line Spacing box and click OK.
y+ = a sin x + b tan x
y = a sin x b tan x
4
12.3
Put the equations in your document.
Nudging
Very fine adjustments can be made to parts of an equation.
Suppose you need to reproduce the symbol B consisting of a script
capital B from the Euclid Math One font followed by a small square.
1
Insert an inline equation in your document.
Insert the B (see section 10 if necessary).
Then insert a square (from the Miscellaneous symbols palette)

giving B
The square needs to be slightly lower.
3
To nudge an item, select it and then use one of the following key presses:
Ctrl/
nudges to the left by one pixel
Ctrl/
nudges upwards by one pixel
Ctrl/
nudges to the right by one pixel
Ctrl/
nudges downwards by one pixel
Select the square and nudge it downwards to a suitable position.
Put the final version in your document.

Nudging can be used to move one character on top of another one.
5
You cannot undo nudging but if you select a nudged item and use the
Format | Reset Nudge command, it will be returned to its un-nudged
position.
13 Alignment
13.1
Fences
The alignment of items within fences (brackets, parentheses, braces etc)
can also be adjusted.
C+D
B
+
EF ,
A
2G
C+D
B+
C+D
B+
E
F
A
, and A
EF
2G
2G
are three versions of the same equation.

1
In a MathType window, create the first equation shown above.
Position the insertion point inside the braces (or select all the
template).
From the Format menu, select Fence Alignment.
19
13.2
Choose the setting you like best and put the equation in your
document.
Equations
In order to experiment with various ways of aligning equations:
1
Create a pile consisting of two equations (press the Enter key after
the first equation)
a+b+c+d e+ f
g+h=k
To centre the equations, from within the MathType window:
2
From the Format menu select Align Center. That gives
a+b+c+d e+ f
g+h=k
3
From the Format menu, select Align Right. That gives
a+b+c+d e+ f
g+h=k
It is more likely that you will want the equations to line up with and =
underneath each other. To do that:
4
From the Format menu, select Align at =. That gives
a+b+c+d e+ f
g+h=k
You can line up equations in any way you wish by inserting an alignment
symbol in each equation at the points to be aligned. For example, to line up
the b and g
5
Click in front of the b .
From the Spaces and ellipses palette, select

the first item on
the first row - Alignment mark (Ctrl+;).
The alignment symbol should be displayed as a small red triangle. If
nothing is showing, make sure that View | Show All has been selected.
6
Click in front of the g and insert an alignment symbol there - try

using the shortcut Ctrl/;
Enter the equation in your document. It should look like this:
a+b+c+d e+ f
g+h=k
The alignment symbol does not appear when the document is printed.
20
13.3
Using Tabs
Using tabs in MathType is very similar to using them in Word. There are
five tab stop types - Left, Center, Right, Decimal, and Relational (to deal
with relational operators such as =, > and ).
The existing small marks on the ruler are default tab stops.
The following actions can be carried out with a tab stop:
choose the type - click on the appropriate button

set its position - click in the area below the scale of the ruler
change its position - drag it along the ruler
remove it - drag it downwards off the ruler

Each slot in an equation has its own tab stops. If you have a pile, the same
tab stops apply to all the lines in the pile.
You have already seen that pressing the Tab key in an equation simply
moves the insertion point. To type a tab character, you have to press
Ctrl/Tab
You should avoid using a combination of alignment symbols (see section
13.2) and tabs in the same line. An alignment symbol overrules a tab stop.
To practise using tabs, the following pile of equations will be created:
x& 1
=
y&
y&
=
=
x&
Bounce between adjacent walls

Bounce between opposite walls
Insert a displayed equation in your document.
In the MathType window, create the first part of the equation, namely
x& 1
=
y&
Get the from the Greek characters (lowercase) palette (or use
the shortcut Ctrl/G followed by the letter T), and the prime and dots
from the Embellishments palette.
3
Make sure that the insertion point is to the right of the whole
equation.
Press Ctrl/Tab to insert a tab character.
Type
Press Enter to add another equation.
Create the first part of the second equation
y&
=
x&
21
Press Ctrl/Tab to insert a tab character.
10
11
Type
Bounce between opposite walls
Put the equations into your document.

To gain some more experience with tab stops:
12
Single-click on the pile of two equations that you have just created,
and press the Copy button in Word.
Position the insertion point further down your document and press
the Paste button in Word.
Edit that second version of the equations by double-clicking on it

(the MathType window should appear).
Change the text Bounce between opposite walls to For opposite

walls.
Set a right-aligned tab to the right of the text so that you get
x& 1
=
y&
y&
=
=
x&

For opposite walls
Note: When you set a tab stop, all default ones to the left of it disappear.
6
Put the equations into your document.
Exercise
Use tabs to lay out the following equation:
H ( x, y , p x , p y ) =
1
2
(p
2
x
+ py 2
inside a boundary B
outside B
14 Matrices
14.1
Creating a matrix
It is very easy to create a matrix using MathType. Consider the example
a12
a13
1 a11
A = a21 1 a22
a23
a
a32
1 a33
31
1
Insert a displayed equation in your Word document.
Type
A=
22
From the Small bar, select ( ) which is Expression 10: (Template)

Parentheses, or round brackets.
From the Matrix templates palette, select 3 row, 3 column matrix

(Ctrl+M,3), third item on the second row.
Fill in the individual slots (remember that Ctrl/L gives a subscript

and Tab moves you progressively through the slots).
Put the equation into your document.

In producing this particular matrix, it would actually have been quicker to
select the 3x3 matrix from the Matrices Large Tabbed Bar and then insert
1 in three places.
6
Any term in a matrix can be dragged and dropped into another slot. Hold
down the Ctrl key while you do this if you want a copy.
Among the new features offered in version 5 is the ability to add/delete
rows and columns within existing matrices and tables using the Format |
Matrix menu.
MathType gives you good control over the spacing and alignment of this
matrix.
14.2
Aligning the matrix with the rest of the equation

1
To edit the equation, double-click on it.
Position the insertion point in one of the slots in the matrix.
From MathTypes Format menu, select Align at top which gives
A = 1 a11
a12
a13
a23
a21 1 a22
a
a32
1 a33
31
14.3
Aligning the entries in each column/row

1
Position the insertion point anywhere within the matrix.
From MathTypes Format menu, select Matrix.
Note the options to add/delete rows and columns and then select
Change Matrix.
The Matrix dialog box will be displayed.
3
23
Note the control this gives you and then click the Right radio button
followed by OK.
Your equation should now look like this:
A = 1 a11
a12
a13
a23
a21 1 a22
a
a32 1 a33
31
14.4
Introducing extra spacing

Extra spacing can be put between the brackets and the elements of the
matrix, so that the matrix looks like this:
A = 1 a11
a12
a13
a21 1 a22
a23
a31
a32 1 a33
24
In MathType, position the insertion point so that it is a large L , with

the vertical line to the left of the matrix elements but inside the
bracket. This is most easily achieved by clicking in the second row
underneath the 1 (in the first row).
Press Ctrl/Shift/Space to insert a thick space.
Do the same thing at the right-hand edge of the matrix.
In the MathType window, if you have View | Show All set, you
should be able to see the spaces (red symbols) and the flashing
insertion point as in the captured screen image below.
Put the equation into your document.
15 Creating web pages MathPage

There are many ways of using MathType to create equations for a web
page. Consult the User Manual for details. You may also be interested in
looking at:
Publishing documents containing equations on the Web at
http://www.mathtype.com/en/support/tsn/tsn68.htm
Publishing Math on the Web with MathType and
Strategies for Math on the Web at
http://www.mathtype.com/en/reference/webmath/
If you are creating web pages from a Word document containing MathType
or Equation Editor equations, the best approach is to use MathType's
MathPage, which is a new feature in version 5. It easily converts Word
documents to good quality web pages as follows:
1
Activate Word and create your document using MathType to

create your equations.
Save the document.
In Word, select MathType | Export to MathPage, check the

settings and click OK.
Your default browser should open and show your page. If it doesn't,
activate the browser and open the .htm file you have just generated.
3
When you create a web page called, for example, Hobby.htm, the
following files and folders are created:
Hobby.htm - the main page containing the HTML code
Hobby_Files - a folder containing GIFs and other supporting files

MathPage.js - a support file containing JavaScript code
When copying a web page to another location, make sure that you copy
both files and the folder. The MathPage.js file is the same for all pages.
MathPage correctly deals with:
baseline alignment of inline equations

centring of displayed equations
display and printing of equations on multiple browsers, such as
Internet Explorer and Netscape, and on the Windows, Macintosh,
Linux/Unix platforms
display on those platforms/browsers without the need for special fonts
to be installed
proper line spacing
25
equation numbers and references - these display properly and the

references act as links
Features include:
MathZoom - when viewing the web page, just click on an equation to

have it magnified, making small items such as subscripts much easier
to see. Several equations can be zoomed at the same time. Click on
a zoomed equation to close it; hold down Shift and click a zoomed
equation to close all zoomed equations.
Dragging and dropping - people using Internet Explorer for Windows,
version 5.0 or later, can drag an equation from a web page created
using MathPage to a MathType window. This enables them to use
your equation without re-typing it.
Tips:
If possible, use Word 2000 or later. MathPage will work with Word 97
but its HTML conversion is not as good.
Tabs do not work well in browsers so it is better to use tables in
Word.
Long documents do not translate well into web pages so try to break
them into smaller ones, each of which can become a web page.
16 Miscellaneous
16.1
MathType Server
When the MathType Server is running, its icon appears on the Taskbar at
the right-hand end, near the clock. This means that the MathType
application keeps running, even when all its windows are closed, and it can
quickly provide a MathType window whenever you need it.
If you need to start the MathType Server on your own PC:
Select Start | Programs | MathType 5 | MathType Server
or
From MathTypes Preferences menu, select Object Editing
Preferences, check Startup in server mode and click OK
Should you ever wish to stop the Server:
Right-click on the MathType Server icon and select Exit.
16.2
Customisable toolbars
The three bars - Small, Large tabbed and Small tabbed - can be
customised and used to store useful templates, symbols, or bits of
equations. There is a detailed description of this in the User Manual
mentioned in section 1 of this guide.
Briefly, the procedure is:
26
Make sure that the Small, Small tabbed or Large tabbed bar that
you are altering, is visible.
Hold down the Alt key.
Select the item to be copied to a bar (this could be part of an

equation you have created or a symbol, for example).
Click and drag the item to the bar (with Alt still held down).
Release the mouse button and the Alt key.

In addition, you can create your own tabs, rename/delete existing tabs, and
rearrange/modify existing expressions.
5
If you are using the Networked PC service, there is a further step needed to
ensure that your changes to the toolbar are preserved when you log out.
Right-click on the MathType Server icon (see section 16.1) and select
Exit.
16.3
Line spacing and consistency of style in Word

Word often increases the line spacing around a line containing an inline
equation, even when it doesnt seem to be necessary. This occurs when
Words line spacing is set to Single, 1.5 Lines, Double, or Multiple. Select
Format | Paragraph and try using the Exactly setting. You have to decide
what value to enter in the At: box so that the equations are not chopped at
their top or bottom. Try a value about 20% larger than the main point size of
your document, for example, 12pt line spacing for a 10pt font.
MathType can be configured to use the same font and size as the text in
your Word document. This means that the look of your equations will match
the rest of the document. Consult the User Manual, Tutorial 11.
16.4
Equation Conversion Manager

When an equation is created it is marked with the particular version of the
software used.
1
Single-click on one of your equations to select it.
Look at Words Status bar.

It will show Double-click to Open MathType 5.0 Equation.
2
When working on an old document, some of the equations in it may have

been created using the Equation Editor, or earlier versions of MathType.
Double-clicking on such an equation will fire up MathType 5 rather than the
software actually used to create it. Indeed, the Equation Editor and earlier
versions of MathType will not even be listed as insertable objects when you
select Insert | Object.
Should you wish to change this behaviour,
1
Exit MathType.
Select
On your own PC:
Start | Programs | MathType 5 | Equation Conversion Manager.
On the Networked PC service:
Start | Utilities | MathType 5 | Equation Conversion Manager.
16.5
Configure as you wish.
Collaboration
When working with other people on a document containing equations, it is
easiest if all those involved use the same version of MathType. However, if
27
some are using version 4 and others version 5, there shouldn't be any
major problems.
If some people are using the Equation Editor provided with Word, then full
compatibility is not provided. Those collaborators should download
MathType 5 from the MathType web site for a 30-day trial. It is the full
version and can be used free of charge. When the trial period ends, the
software runs in Lite mode - this has similar functionality to the Equation
Editor but enables equations created using MathType 5 to be edited.
The MathType web site is
http://www.mathtype.com/en/products/mathtype/
If you want someone else to be able to view and print your document, they
will need to have all the fonts used by the document and its equations. This
is also the case for individual equation files, unless they are GIF files which
are bitmaps and do not require fonts.
MathType fonts can be distributed to colleagues using the font installer
programs (one for TrueType fonts and the other for PostScript fonts)
provided on the MathType web site. Other fonts used in the document must
also be available on your colleagues PC - take care not to violate your
license agreement for these.
16.6
Using MathType with other software

MathType equations can be
put into another document using Cut and Paste, or Drag and Drop
put into another document using that applications Insert | Object
command
converted into TeX, LATEX, MathML (or other textual languages) by
using MathTypes translation facilities
saved in files in Windows Metafile (WMF), Encapsulated Postscript
(EPS), or Graphic Interchange Format (GIF) file format
16.7
Printing a Word document

If your document contains numbered equations with accompanying
equation sections, such as Equation Chapter 1 Section 1, it is advisable
to hide all non-printing characters before printing. Just toggle the
Show/Hide button on the toolbar until paragraph marks disappear. If you
dont do this, words like Equation Chapter 1 Section 1 might actually print.
16.8
LATEX
An equation created using MathType can easily be converted into a textual
markup language such as TEX, LATEX or MathML - see the User Manual.
Briefly, the procedure is
28
Work in your usual text editor, typing the text of your LATEX
document.
From your Start menu, select MathType.
From the Preferences menu in MathType, select Translators.
In the Translators dialog box, select the appropriate translator, for

example, TeXLaTeX2.09 and later (all other boxes should be
clear).
Click OK.
Create your equation in the MathType window.
From the Edit menu in MathType, choose Select All and then
Copy.
Back in your text editor, select Paste.

EX source code for your equation will be entered in your document.
You can translate inline equations as well as displayed ones.
8
LAT
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Guide 143

Copyright 2006 University of Durham Information Technology Service

A typewriter font is used for what you see on the screen.

Using MathType with Word............................................................................... 2

Fractions and superscripts............................................................................... 6

Moving the insertion point ................................................................................ 7

Selecting parts of an equation.......................................................................... 8

Keyboard shortcuts ........................................................................................... 8

Numbered equations ......................................................................................... 9

10 Inserting symbols ............................................................................................ 14

Guide 143: Using MathType

16.6 Using MathType with other software ........................................................... 28

Guide 143: Using MathType

Microsoft Windows 95, 98, ME, NT 4.0, 2000, or later

Hard disk drive with at least 10Mb free space

System 7.1 or later

About 3Mb of space on a hard disk (more may be required during

About 512K of memory when running (can be adjusted)

Guide 143: Using MathType

Using MathType with Word

A toolbar is also available.

If this is not showing,

Type a space after the word equation.

Select Insert Inline Equation from the MathType menu.

Guide 143: Using MathType

Guide 143: Using MathType

Template palettes (4) - if you press or click on one of these buttons, a

docked as shown in the picture above

floating above the equation window - to toggle between docked and

From the MathType Preferences menu, select Workspace

In the Workspace Preferences window, change the Toolbar size:

Look at the effect.

Repeat steps 1 to 4 choosing the Large setting.

Change the setting to your preferred size.

Guide 143: Using MathType

Type, without any spaces,

A dialog box will probably appear.

You might get tired of seeing this dialog box, so,

Click in the Dont show this dialog from now on box.

Guide 143: Using MathType

take care of spacing around operators and relational symbols

display standard abbreviations (such as sin) in an appropriate style

automatically re-size square root signs and parentheses to fit their

Fractions and superscripts

In the MathType window, type

Click on the second fraction in the first row.

5 Type 1 in the first slot.

Press the Tab key (or click in the slot).

Guide 143: Using MathType

Type 2 in that slot.

The insertion marker should now be around all of the s = ut + 12

Next, you need a superscript.

Click on the Subscript and superscript templates button, third

Click on the first template in the first row.

The equation is now finished.

Press Ctrl/F4 to put the equation in your document and return to

press Ctrl/H (think of H as Higher)

Similarly, for a subscript slot:

press Ctrl/L (think of L as Lower)

If both a subscript and a superscript are needed:

Moving the insertion point

Guide 143: Using MathType

Selecting parts of an equation

Click and drag (area will be highlighted)