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A Social-Neuroscience
Perspective on Empathy
Jean Decety1 and Philip L. Jackson2
1
ABSTRACTIn
recent years, abundant evidence from behavioral and cognitive studies and functional-imaging
experiments has indicated that individuals come to understand the emotional and affective states expressed by
others with the help of the neural architecture that produces such states in themselves. Such a mechanism gives
rise to shared representations, which constitutes one important aspect of empathy, although not the sole one. We
suggest that other components, including peoples ability to
monitor and regulate cognitive and emotional processes to
prevent confusion between self and other, are equally
necessary parts of a functional model of empathy. We discuss data from recent functional-imaging studies in support of such a model and highlight the role of specific brain
regions, notably the insula, the anterior cingulate cortex,
and the right temporo-parietal region. Because this model
assumes that empathy relies on dissociable informationprocessing mechanisms, it predicts a variety of structural
or functional dysfunctions, depending on which mechanism is disrupted.
KEYWORDSempathy; intersubjectivity; affective sharing;
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Recommended Reading
Decety, J., & Jackson, P.L. (2004). (See References)
Preston, S.D., & de Waal, F.B.M. (2002). (See References)
REFERENCES
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Carr, L., Iacoboni, M., Dubeau, M.C., Mazziotta, J.C., & Lenzi, G.L.
(2003). Neural mechanisms of empathy in humans: A relay from
neural systems for imitation to limbic areas. Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences, USA, 100, 54975502.
Decety, J., & Jackson, P.L. (2004). The functional architecture of human
empathy. Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience Reviews, 3, 71
100.
Decety, J., & Sommerville, J.A. (2003). Shared representations between
self and others: A social cognitive neuroscience view. Trends in
Cognitive Science, 7, 527533.
Eisenberg, N., Smith, C.L., Sadovsky, A., & Spinrad, T.L. (2004). Effortful control. In R.F. Baumeister & K.D. Vohs (Eds.), Handbook
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Goldman, A. (2006). Simulating minds: The philosophy, psychology, and
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Hoffman, M.L. (1981). Is altruism part of human nature? Journal of
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Jackson, P.L., Brunet, E., Meltzoff, A.N., & Decety, J. (2006). Empathy
examined through the neural mechanisms involved in imagining
how I feel versus how you feel pain: An event-related fMRI study.
Neuropsychologia, 44, 752761.
Jackson, P.L., Meltzoff, A.N., & Decety, J. (2005). How do we perceive
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Kalisch, R., Wiech, K., Critchley, H.D., Seymour, B., ODoherty, J.P.,
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