Global Deterioration Scale for Assessment of Primary Degenerative Dementia (GDS) (also known as

the Reisberg Scale)

Diagnosis Stage

Signs and Symptoms

No
Dementia

Stage 1:
No Cognitive
Decline

In this stage the person functions normally, has no

memory loss, and is mentally healthy. People with NO
dementia would be considered to be in Stage 1.

No
Dementia

This stage is used to describe normal forgetfulness

Stage 2:
associated with aging; for example, forgetfulness of
Very Mild
names and where familiar objects were left. Symptoms
Cognitive Decline
are not evident to loved ones or the physician.

This stage includes increased forgetfulness, slight

difficulty concentrating, decreased work performance.
People may get lost more often or have difficulty finding
the right words. At this stage, a person's loved ones will
begin to notice a cognitive decline. Average duration: 7
years before onset of dementia

No
Dementia

Stage 3:
Mild Cognitive
Decline

Earlystage

This stage includes difficulty concentrating, decreased

memory of recent events, and difficulties managing
finances or traveling alone to new locations. People have
Stage 4:
trouble completing complex tasks efficiently or accurately
Moderate
and may be in denial about their symptoms. They may
Cognitive Decline also start withdrawing from family or friends, because
socialization becomes difficult. At this stage a physician
can detect clear cognitive problems during a patient
interview and exam. Average duration: 2 years

People in this stage have major memory deficiencies and

need some assistance to complete their daily activities
Stage 5:
(dressing, bathing, preparing meals). Memory loss is
Mid-Stage Moderately Severe more prominent and may include major relevant aspects
Cognitive Decline of current lives; for example, people may not remember
their address or phone number and may not know the
time or day or where they are. Average duration: 1.5 years

Mid-Stage Stage 6:
Severe Cognitive
Decline (Middle

People in Stage 6 require extensive assistance to carry out

daily activities. They start to forget names of close family
members and have little memory of recent events. Many

Diagnosis Stage

Dementia)

LateStage

Signs and Symptoms

people can remember only some details of earlier life.
They also have difficulty counting down from 10 and
finishing tasks. Incontinence (loss of bladder or bowel
control) is a problem in this stage. Ability to speak
declines. Personality changes, such as delusions
(believing something to be true that is not), compulsions
(repeating a simple behavior, such as cleaning), or anxiety
and agitation may occur. Average duration: 2.5 years

People in this stage have essentially no ability to speak or

Stage 7:
communicate. They require assistance with most
Very Severe
activities (e.g., using the toilet, eating). They often lose
Cognitive Decline
psychomotor skills, for example, the ability to walk.
(Late Dementia)
Average duration: 2.5 years

Scar global de deteriorare pentru evaluare de primar Degenerative demen (GDS)

(cunoscut i ca Scala Reisberg)
DiagnosisStage semne si simptome
DementiaStage nr 1:
Nu DeclineIn Cognitive acest stadiu persoana funcioneaz n mod normal, a nici o
pierdere de memorie i este sntos mintal. Persoanele cu demen nu ar fi
considerat a fi n etapa 1.
Nu DementiaStage 2:
Foarte uoar Cognitive declin aceast etap este folosit pentru a descrie uitare
normal asociate cu imbatranirea; de exemplu, uitarea de nume i n cazul n care au
fost lsate obiecte familiare. Simptomele nu sunt evidente pentru cei dragi sau
medic.
Nu DementiaStage 3:
Declinul Cognitive uoar
Aceast etap include crescut uitare, uoar dificulti de concentrare, locul de
munc a sczut de performan. Oamenii pot obine pierdut mai des sau au dificulti
n a gsi cuvintele potrivite. n acest stadiu, unei persoane dragi va ncepe s
observai un declin cognitiv. Medie durata: 7 ani nainte de debutul de demen
Timpurie-stageStage 4:
Moderat de declin cognitiv
Aceast etap include dificulti de concentrare, memorie a sczut de evenimente
recente, i dificulti n gestionarea Finanelor a cltoresc singur la noi locatii.
Oamenii au probleme cu sarcini complexe de completare eficient sau cu precizie i
pot fi n negare despre simptomele lor. Ei pot, de asemenea, ncepe retragerea din
familia sau prietenii, deoarece socializare devine dificil. n acest stadiu, un medic
poate detecta probleme clare cognitive n timpul unui interviu pacient i examen.
Medie durata: 2 ani
La mijlocul-StageStage 5:

Declin cognitiv moderat sever

Oameni n aceast etap au deficiene majore de memorie i nevoie de asisten
pentru a finaliza activitile lor zilnice (pansament, scldat, pregtirea meselor).
Pierderi de memorie este mai proeminent i pot include aspecte relevante majore din
viaa curent; de exemplu, oamenii nu pot aminti lor adresa sau numrul de telefon i
nu pot s tiu de timp sau zi sau n cazul n care acestea sunt. Medie durata: 1,5 ani
La mijlocul-StageStage 6:
Declin cognitiv sever (mijloc demen)
Oameni n etapa 6 necesit asisten extinse pentru a desfura activiti de zi cu zi.
Ei ncepe s uita numele membrilor familiei apropiate i au pic de memorie de
evenimente recente. Muli oameni amintesc numai cateva detalii din viaa anterioar.
Ei au, de asemenea, dificultatea de numrare n jos de la 10 i sarcini de finisare.
Incontinen (pierderea controlului vezicii urinare sau intestinelor) este o problem n
acest stadiu. Abilitatea de a vorbi scade. Poate produce modificri de personalitate,
cum ar fi iluzii (crede ceva s fie adevrat c nu este), compulsii (repetarea unui
comportament simple, precum curarea), sau anxietate i agitaie. Medie durata:
2,5 ani
Sfritul lunii-StageStage 7:
Declin cognitiv foarte Severe (trziu demen)
Oameni n acest stadiu nu au, n esen, nici capacitatea de a vorbi sau de a
comunica. Au nevoie de asisten cu cele mai multe activiti (de exemplu, folosirea
toaletei, mananca). i pierd adesea abilitile psihomotorii, de exemplu, capacitatea
de a merge. Medie durata: 2,5 ani